TUTORIAL 2

PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUM MATEMATIK

HALA TUJU KURIKULUM MATEMATIK

• Laporan Razak (1956) • Laporan Projek Khas

(1970) • Program Matematik

Moden (1970)

• Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah (KBSR) (1983)

• Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah (1994)

• Semakan Sukatan Matematik Sekolah Rendah (1998)

• Program Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik dalam Bahasa Inggeris (PPSMI)

• KSSR

MENINGKATKAN KUALITI PEND

• Projek Imbuhan (Compensatory Project) (1975-1980)

• Projek InSPIRE (1977) (Integrated System of Programmed Instruction for Rural Environment)

• Projek Sekolah Bestari (Smart School)

Isu-isu Pendidikan Matematik

• …. satu kajian menyeluruh mengenai sistem pendidikan kebangsaan memandangkan selepas Penyata Razak belum ada lagi laporan menyeluruh berhubung sistem pendidikan kebangsaan.

• Apakah kekurangan-kekurangan dalam kurikulum matematik yang perlu dikaji semula bagi meningkatkan mutu pendidikan matematik di Malaysia?

PENGARUH NEGARA LUAR

• Nuffield Mathemtics Project (NMP-1964) – kaedah baru P&P matematik

berpandukan Teori Piaget– belajar matematik melalui

pengalaman yang konkrit – strategi pemusatan pelajar

dan bahan – kaedah inkuiri penemuan – memberi impak kepada

kurikulum matematik di Malaysia melalui Projek Khas

• Scottish Mathematics Group (SMG) – tajuk–tajuk baru seperti

Sets, Number Systems, Number Bases, Modular Mathematics, Transformation, Inequalities, Linear Programming dan Matrices.

– Bahan SMG menjadi rujukan utama Projek Matematik Moden untuk Sekolah Menengah Rendah

PENGARUH NEGARA LUAR• School Mathematics Project

(SMP)– perubahan dalam pengajaran

matematik bagi menyediakan sukatan matematik yang lebih progresif

– pendekatan yang lebih bersepadu– Contohnya, teori set diajar

bersekali dengan tajuk algebra dan geometri.

– sukatan SMP tidak sesuai untuk pelajar lemah

– bahan SMP menjadi sumber rujukan untuk buku teks Matematik Moden.

• School Mathematics Study Group (SMSG)– New Mathematics:

geometri, teori set, nombor negatif, asas nombor dan trigonometri.

– penjelasan struktur matematik

– pendekatan berasaskan aktiviti

– pembelajaran matematik yang lebih bermakna dan menarik

The Need for Mathematics in a Changing World

• Mathematics for life. – Knowing mathematics can

be personally satisfying and empowering. The underpinnings of everyday life are increasingly mathematical and technological. • making purchasing

decisions • choosing insurance or

health plans

• Mathematics as a part of cultural heritage. – Mathematics is one of

the greatest cultural and intellectual achievements of human-kind, and citizens should develop an appreciation and understanding of that achievement, including its aesthetic and even recreational aspects.

The Need for Mathematics in a Changing World

• Mathematics for the workplace. – the level of

mathematical thinking and problem solving needed in the workplace, in professional areas ranging from health care to graphic design has increased dramatically.

• Mathematics for the scientific and technical community. – More students now

pursue an educational path that will prepare them for lifelong work as mathematicians, statisticians, engineers, and scientists.

6 Prinsip Penting NCTM• Equity. Excellence in mathematics

education requires equity—high expectations and strong support for all students.

Curriculum. A curriculum is more than a collection of activities: it must be coherent, focused on important mathematics, and well articulated across the grades.

Teaching. Effective mathematics teaching requires understanding what students know and need to learn and then challenging and supporting them to learn it well.

• Learning. Students must learn mathematics with understanding, actively building new knowledge from experience and prior knowledge.

Assessment. Assessment should support the learning of important mathematics and furnish useful information to both teachers and students.

• Technology. Technology is essential in teaching and learning mathematics; it influences the mathematics that is taught and enhances students' learning.

Standards for School Mathematics:Prekindergarten through Grade 12

• The Content Standards explicitly describe the content that students should learn. – Number and Operations,

Algebra, Geometry, Measurement, and Data Analysis and Probability

• The Process Standards highlight ways of acquiring and using content knowledge.– Problem Solving,

Reasoning and Proof, Communication, Connections, and Representation

Developing Children’s Mathematics

Kreativiti & Persisian Matematik

• Pelbagai perisian boleh digunakan untuk meneroka konsep matematik– GSP– Matematika

Developing Children’s Mathematics

Tambah Unsur Afektif

• Rationalisme merangkumi penaakulan, pemikiran logik dan berhujah;

• Kemajuan berlaku jika murid mengemukakan pendapat alternatif serta menyoal pendapat semasa.

• Keterbukaan ialah nilai pendemokrasian pengetahuan.

Matematik Ethno

• Matematik ethno ialah matematik amalan setempat. – boleh berbeza-beza

kerana berbeza kelompok kecil murid• berbeza kedudukan

geografi, persekitaran dan juga status sosio-ekonomi.

http://kaedahmokhdar.blogspot.com/

• Kelajuan akses yang luar biasa menghasilkan kecepatan menyelesaikan masalah, mengambil contoh yang paling mudah, darab sehingga tiga atau empat digit didarab dengan satu digit, seperti 667 × 6 = 4002, atau sehingga dua digit didarab dengan dua digit, seperti 67 × 48 = 3216, boleh dicongak oleh minda biasa secepat kilat

Meneroka Geometri Dengan GSP • Kelajuan akses yang luar

biasa menghasilkan kecepatan menyelesaikan masalah, mengambil contoh yang paling mudah, darab sehingga tiga atau empat digit didarab dengan satu digit, seperti 667 × 6 = 4002, atau sehingga dua digit didarab dengan dua digit, seperti 67 × 48 = 3216, boleh dicongak oleh minda biasa secepat kilat