laporan apik kel 2

8/17/2019 Laporan Apik Kel 2

1/22

LAPORAN APIK-II

PROSES PEMBUATAN

I. PENJERNIHAN MINYAK GORENG

II. MINYAK CENGKEH

III. SABUN TRANSPARAN

IV. PENGGORENGAN VAKUMV. DESAIN KERAMIK

VI. OBAT GOSOK

OLEH

1. ARIF RACHMAN SOLEH (16)

2. ARMY SANY HAIDAR (17)

. BURHANUDIN A!I! (1")

2 KIMIA INDUSTRI A

SMK SMTI YOGYAKARTA

TAHUN 2#12$2#1


2/22

Kata Pengantar

K%&' %*%+,% *' /,0 %+% ,%3'0%+ T% Y%4 M%% E% /%4 +5%

&5'&%,% 0%&%+/% ,%3% ,'+% &% '44% 5%0% /% &%,%5% APIK ''

3%%+ 5%' +%+ %3% %,+/%.

T'3%, 5% ,%&' 80+0'&%,%' ,%3% B%%, G0 3% +&-+&% /%4 5%' /%4

+5% &&8%+ / '44% / &%,%5% APIK '' 3%%+ +05%',%.

P/ 80%0% &4% 5%0% '' 3%%+ &&8%+ +&%-+&% %+% /%4 5%'

%4%0 &*%3' %3% 3%5%& &&8%+ 098%%.

Y4/%,%0+%: #; A0'5 2#1

P/:

BAB I


3/22

PENJERNIHAN MINYAK GORENG

T%44%5 1 F80%0' 2#1

A. DASAR TEORI

1. M'/%, 404 %3%5% 83% 9%'0 /%4 3'4%,% 8%4%' &3'% 4%+%0

%%: %&8% 0%% 40' 3% %&8% '5%' 4'


4/22

2. ALAT UKUR

NO N%&% A5%+ J&5% U,0% F4'

1 T'&8%4% 1 M'&8%4 8%%

2 G5% ,0 1 ?## &5 M4,0 5&

D. CARA KERJA1. BAGAN KOTAK PROSES

D% 94,

M'/%, %'0

M'/%,

2. LANGKAH KERJA

%. P0'%% %5%+

M/'%,%

- 8%+%4 4%3, +, &4%3,

- 904 '% +, &&'%,% &'/%, 34% %'0 %%

- 904 +, &&8%+ %4%

- ,&0 %+% &%% +, &&%%,%- /%44%

sortasi

pendinginan

Pemisahan

Pengukuran volume

penimbangan

pemanasan


5/22

- +'&8%4%

- 45% ,0

- 45% ,'&'%

8. P0'%% 8%%

- M/'%,% &'/%, *5%+% 1##&5

- M/'%,% N%OH 1# &5- M/'%,% %0%4 %,+'> 7 40 - M/'%,% C5%/ 7 40

9. P0

- C%&0 &'/%, *5%+% 3% N%OH %3, '44% &4- P%%,% 5%&% ? &'+- D'4',% 5%&% ? &'+- M%,,% ,3%5%& 904 '% ,&3'% +%&8%,% %'0 %% ,&3'%

'%,% &'/%, 3%0' %'0

- U5%4' 0 +08+ '44% 6 %,% &4%'5,% &'/%, *0'- C%&0 &'/%, *0' 95%/ 3% ,%08 %,+'> %3, '44% &4

%%,% '44% &3'3'

- S%0'4 &44%,% ,0+% %0'4 &4%'5,% &'/%, /%4 85&

8%0-8%0 80'

- S%0'4 &44%,% +'/ %+% ,%% &4%'5,% &'/%, 80'- U,0 5& %'5/%

E. PERHITUNGAN

1. P0'+4% 8%%

C5%/ 2#40 1: 40 1 40

K%08 %,+'> 2#40 6:6740 740

2. R%3&

=?$1## 1## =?

F. KESIMPULAN

D%5%& 0 *0'% &'/%, '' +'3%, 3'+&,% ,5'+%: %/% %*% %3% %%+

/%0'4% %,+ /%4 3'8+,% 9, 5%&%. D%0' &'/%, *5%+% 1##&5

3'%'5,% =?&5 &'/%, /%4 3% 3'*0',%.


6/22

BAB II

PEMBUATAN MINYAK CENGKEH

T%44%5 2# >80%0' 2#1

A. DASAR TEORI

1. M'/%, 3% 94, (95 5%> '5) %3%5% &'/%, %+'0' %'5 5'4% 3%94, ,0'4 (&&/% /%4 3% 440). K%34% &'/%, 94,


7/22

%3%5% 45 ;#: 4'5 %9+%+: &+/5 -+/5 %595:8%0&%':%0>&:,&+',:

3% '3+0' >5%0 &%,%% 3% &'&%.

. K445%M'/%, 94, /%4 ,%&' 8%+ '' +'3%, &4%34 8%%-8%% 9%&0%

3% &&'5',' ,%'%+ /%4 +'3%, 3'&'5',' +&8% 5%'.

B. BAHAN YANG DIGUNAKAN

N

O

N%&% B%% J&5%

1 D% 94,%

,0'4

,4

2 A'0 9,/%

C. ALAT YANG DIGUNAKAN

1. ALAT PRODUKSI

NO N%&% A5%+ J&5% U,0% F4'

1 T%4,' 3+'5%+ 1 P&8+,% %

2 K30 % 1 P3'4'%

K&0 1 P&%%%

= G5% ,'&'% = 2?# &5 M%&4 %'5

2. ALAT UKUR

NO N%&% A5%+ J&5% U,0% F4'

1 T'&8%4% 1 M'&8%4 8%%

2 G5% ,0 1 M4,0 5& %'5

D. CARA KERJA

1. BAGAN KOTAK PROSES2. LANGKAH KERJA

%. P/'%% %5%+

M/'%,%

- T%4,' 3'+'5%' +, &&03,' %- K30 +, 3'4'%- K&0 +, &%%%- G5% ,'&'% +, &%&4 %'5- G5% ,0 +, &4,0 5& %'5

8. P/'%% 8%%

- M'&8%4 3% 94, ,4

- M/'%,% %'0 9,/%9. P0


8/22

- S0+%' 3% 94,- P'&8%4% 3% 94,- M%,,% %'0 3%5%& +%4,' 3'+'5%'- M%,,% 3% 94, 3%5%& +%4,' 3'+'5%'- T+ 0%%+ +%4,' 5%5 %%,% 34% ,&0

- A5'0,% %'0 3'4'- D'4',% 3%5%& ,30 %- T%&4 %'5 '%,% %+%0% &'/%, 34% %'0 %,% &3%%+,%

&'/%,

- V5&/% 3',0

E. PERHITUNGAN

1. R%3&

1?$2### 1## 7?

F. KESIMPULANP%3% 0%,+',& ,%5' '' +'3%, 3'+&,% ,5'+% %/% %*% %3% %%+ &9%0' 3%

94, &%' *%0%4 3'+&,%. M'/%, 94, /%4 ,%&' %'5,% 1?&5

BAB III

PROSES PEMBUATAN SABUN TRANSPARAN

T%44%5 27 F80%0' 2#1

A. D%%0 T0'

1. P40+'%

S%8 +0%%0% %3%5% %5%+ &80' 3% 3%%+ 3'4%,% +, &99' %+.

S%8 +0%%0% '' 3%%+ 8,0*% 34% 8%+% %'0. S%8 +0%%0% %3%5% %8 &%3'

8%+%4% 34% +%&'5% +0%%0%.

2. F4'

U+, 99' +%4%


9/22

U+, %5%+ 0&% +%44%

U+, &%3'

U+, &99' %,%'%

. K445%

B% 58' 5&8+ 3' ,5'+

L8' *0'

A0&%/% %4'

B. A5%+ D% B%%

1. A5%+

N N%&% A5%+ J&5% K4%%

1 G5% 8,0 1 M%&4 8%% %%+ 3' %%,%

2 K&0 1 M&%%,% 8%%

P4%3, 2 M4%3, 8%%

= C+%,% M9+%, 8%%

? K&%% P4&% %8

6 G5% 8,0 ? M%&4 8%%

7 T'&8%4% 1 M'&8%4 8%%

" G5% ,0 1 M4,0 8%% 9%'0

2. B%%

N N%&% B%% J&5%

1 M'/%, VCO ?# &5

2 N%OH # 1? 40

A%& S+%0%+ 2? 40

= E+%5 ;6 =# &5

? G5'0' 2# &5

6 G5% P%'0 2# 40

7 TEA 1? &5


10/22

" P%0% 9,/%

; P%4' = &5

1# N%₂SO₄ ? 40

11 STTP ? 40

C. CARA KERJA

1. D'%40%& A5'0 %0>& %5,5: TEA45'0'

M'/%,

A%& +%0%+

N%OH?# &5 %'0 45% %'0STPP

N%2SO=2#&5 %'0

S%8 T0%%0%

2. L%4,% K0*%

1. S'%,% %5%+ 3% 8%%: +'&8%4 &% 8%% /%4 3'05,%.

2. M'/%, 3% %%& +%0%+ 3'%%,%: ,&3'% 3'+%&8%,% 5%0+% %+%0% %'0 ?# &5

3% N%OH &*%3' 5%0+% I

. M%+',% ,&0: +%&8%,% %5,5: TEA: 45'0': &*%3' %3%

=. A3% 3'+%&8%,% 45%%'0: N%₂SO₄: STTP 2# &5 %'0

?. T%&8%,% %0>&: ,&3'% 3'9+%, 3% 3'+44 ,0'4

6. L%,% 3%0' 9+%,%: 3'+'&8%4: ,&3'% 3',&%.

D. P0'+4%

1. R%3&

B0%+ %'5 . 1##

UDIN Larutan Adona

SUREP

ARME

Kemas


11/22

B0%+ 8%%

2?. 1##

2;=

"6:#?

2. P0'+4% B%%

1. M'/%, --?# &5

2. N%OH # --1? 40%&

. A%& S+%0%+ --2? 40%&

=. E+%5 ;6 --=# &5

?. G5'0' --=# &5

6. G5% P%'0 --1# 40%&

7. TEA --2# &5

". P%0>& ---= &5

;. N%2SO= --1# 40%&

1#. A'0 --7# &5

11. STPP --? 40%


12/22

E. K'&5%

D%0' 4' 0: &8%+% %8 +0%%0% 9, &3% ++%' 5%&% 3%5%& 3'%&%

%4%0 %8 +0%%0% &40%.

D%0' 4' %'5: 0%3& /%4 3'%'5,% /%'+ "6:#? ,%0% 80%+ /%4 3'%'5,% 2?40%&.

D%0' 4' *' ,&: 8%', 3%0' ,&%%: %0&%: 8%: 3% 5%85 8%',.

BAB IVPROSES PENGGORENGAN VAKUM

T%44%5 1 M%0+ 2#1


13/22

A. D%%0 +0'

1. P4404% %,& %3%5% &' +, &&03,' %,% ,0'', 8% 3% %/0

&44%,% 4404% %,&. P4404% %,& &0%,% 9%0% 45%%

/%4 +%+ +, &4%'5,% ,0'', 8%-8%% 34% &+ +'44'. D4%

+,54' '': 8%-8%% /%4 &5'&% 3% +08%4 %3% &'& 8% 3%%+

3'&%>%%+,% '44% ++% &&'5',' &+ +'44'.2. T*% 44%% 4404% %,&

U+, &&03,' ,0'', 34% &+ +'44'

U+, &4404 8% 3% %/0

. K45% 4404% %,&

K0'', /%4 3'%'5,% &&'5',' %0% 3% %0&% 8% %5' 0+% 0%% /%4 0/%.

D4% +,54' '': %,% &%& &0,% +'+', 3'3' &'/%, '44% 8%-8%%

80,%3%0 %'0 +'44' /%4 3'5% &*%3' +'3%, &3% %4.

B. B%%$0

N N%&% B%% J&5%

1 N%4,% 1:? ,4

2 M'/%, 404 2? 5

A'0 S9,/%

C. A5%+1. A5%+ 03,'

N N%&% %5%+ U,0% J&5% F4'

1 P&% %,& B%0 1M4'% 3%0% %3% 0%4

4404

2 T%84 4404 B%0 1 M4,3'',% 8%%

K30 B%0 1 M4&8,% % %'0

= U'+ &%% B%0 1 M&%%,% 8%%

? U'+ 43%5' B%0 1 M4%,+'>,% %5%+ %,&

6P4%3,

4404B%0 1

M4%3, 8% 3%5%&

+%84

7 M' 40'4 S3%4 1 M'0',% 8%%

2. A5%+ ,0

N N%&% %5%+ U,0% J&5% F4'

1 T'&8%4% S3%4 1 M'&8%4 8%%


14/22

D. C%0% ,0*%

1. D'%40%& %5'0

A'0 B0'0,5%'

M'/%, T%84 4404

B%

2. L%4,% ,0*%

P0'%% 8%%

1. B% 3'0+%'

2. B% 3',% 34% '%. B% 3'99' 80'

=. B% 3'+'0',%

P&%%%

P4%+0%

P'0'%

P'&8%4%


15/22

P0'%% %5%+

1. B%, 3''' %'0 %&%' 8%4'% 3%0' 8%0 8%, '0,5%'.2. M'/%, 404 8%/%, 2? 5 3'&%,% 3%5%& +%84 4404%.

. P%+',% 8%% +&85 43%5' %3% '' >> %3% %,+

&484,% 045%+0 LPG 34% +%84.

=. P0',% ,33,% *%0& /+5 %3% "6°C: ,&3'% 84,% +,0 8 43%5' 34% +0&'%5 5'+0',.

?. T,% +&85 43%5' %3% '' 3% /%5%,% ,&0 4%.

T%%%

1. S+5% +09%%' ± "6°C: 8% 3'&%,% , 3%5%& +%84 4404%

,&3'% ++ '44% ,9%4.

2. T,%% 3'+ 6#-6? P'%.. E4,5 3'+%0 +'% 1# &'+ ,%5' '44% 8% 3%%+ &%+%4 &0%+%.

=. S+5% &%+%4: &' 3'&%+',% 3% +,%% 3' 3%5%& +%84 4404

3'+0,% '44% # P'%.

?. B% /%4 3% &%+%4 3',5%0,% 3%0' +%84 4404 ,&3'%3''5%4,% &'/%,/% &44%,% 9+0'>4.

6. S+5% 8%0-8%0 ,0'4: 8% 3'+'&8%4 3% 3',&%.

E. P0'+4%1. P0'+4% 8%%

B% %4,% &%+%4 1:? ,4

M'/%, 404 2? 5

2. R%3&

1##

1##

.

. P0'+4% 8'%/%

B% %4,% 1:? ,4 R 1".###:-

F. K'&5%

K0'', %4,% /%4 ,%&' 8%+ &3%%+,% +%44%% '+'> 3%0' ,& /%4

&98%/%. D%0' 4' 0%%: ,0', +08+ %,: 0/%: &%': 3% %0&%/% %0&. M%,%

3%0' '+: 8%/%, ,& /%4 +0+%0', +, &98% 3% &&85'/%.


16/22

BAB V

PEMBUATAN DESAIN KERAMIK T%44%5 1 J%%0' 2#1

A. D%%0 +0'


17/22

1. D%' 8'% ,'+% +0*&%,% 8%4%' ' +0%%. D%' &&'5,' %0+' 0 +,

&&8%+ 8*, 8%0. K0%&', 9%0% '5&'% %3%5% 83%-83% /%4 +08%+ 3%0' 83%

5%, 3%0' %5%& /%4 3'*%3',% ,0% 9%0% &%%%.2. T*% 44%% 3%' ,0%&',

- M4+%' 9%0% &8%+% 3%' ,0%&',

- U+, &&8%+ 8+, ,0%&', . K445% 3%' ,0%&',

- L8' 8%4- L8' ,0%+'>

B. B%%$0

N N%&% 8%% J&5%

1 K0+% 1 5&8%0

C. A5%+

1. A5%+ 03,'

N N%&% %5%+ J&5% F4'

1 P'5 1 M&8%+ 4%&8%0 3%'

2 P4% 1 M4% 4%&8%0

J%4,% 1 M&8%+ 5'4,%0%

= R%+% 1 M09'4,% '5

2. A5%+ ,0

N N%&% %5%+ J&5% F4'

1 P44%0' 1 M4,0 %*%4 4%0'

D. C%0% ,0*%

1. D'%40%& %5'0

P/'%% %5%+ 3% 8%%

P&8%+% 4%&8%0 8%5,

P&8%+% 3%'3' 3%5%& 85,


18/22

D%' K0%&',

2. L%4,% ,0*%

P0'%% 8%%

1. K0+% 4%&8%0 3''%,% 3% 3'%',% ,0%/%.2. P09%%% 4%&8%0 ,0%+'> &4,'.

P0'%% %5%+

1. P'5: 4%: 44%0' 3''%,%.2. K0+% 4%&8%0 3''%,% %' ,0%.

. J%4,% 3''%,% 8'5% 3'05,%. T%%%

1. D''%,% &% %5%+.

2. D'4%&8%0 4%0' +' 3% ,0% 11 9&.

. D'8%+ 4%&8%0 85, 34% ,0% 1#1# 9&.

=. D'8%+ 4%&8%0 3' 3%5%& 85, +08+ %' '&%*'%'.?. D',&5,% 8'5% 3% 5%'.

E. K'&5%

P0 &8%+% 3%' ,0%&', /%4 ,%&' 5%,,% 9, &3%: 5%9%0 3% %'5/%

&&%,%. N%& 3%5%& 0/% 3'8+,% %,+ /%4 9, 5%&% +, &&8%+

8% '&%*'%' 3%5%& ','0%: '44% 3%%+ +0+%4 3%5%& '5 &&8%+ 8% 5%

%+% 3%' '%% 3'3'4$,0%&',.


19/22

BAB II

PEMBUATAN OBAT GOSOK

T%44%5 6 F80%0' 2#1

A. DASAR TEORI

%. O8%+ 4, %3%5% %+ 03, /%4 0'4 3'8+ 8%4%' 8%5& /%4 &'0'34% %5: 808+, 5&8,: &3% 3'5,% 3% 8'%% 3'4%,% 8%4%'

8%+ 5%0 0+% &4%34 8%% %,+'>. B%% %,+'> /%4 +03%%+ 3%5%& >0&5%

8%5& 8'%%/% +03'0' 3%0' 9%&0% &'/%, %+'0': &'/%, ,%/ +': &'/%,

%5%: 0+% 430.

8. K4%%


20/22

P%3% &&/% 8%5& 3'4%,% +, &0'4%,% %,'+ ,%5%: %,'+ 0+:

%,'+ 4'4': &4'5%4,% 4%+%5-4%+%5 %,'8%+ 4'4'+% 0%44%: 4%5-4%5: '5,:

3% '34 +0&8%+ ,%0% >5 0+% '*%+ 3% ,0',. S3%4,% &'/%, %+'0'

3'0' 8,0*% 8%4%' %4: &&0+%*%& 3%/% '4%+ 3% 8%4'%

&'4,%+,% '0,5%' 3%0%. O8%+ 4, *4% 80>4' 8%4%' 03% %,

%>%: &4%&%,% 3%0' 4%44% /%&, 3% &+%8'5,% 3%/% +%% +5%4

3% ++.

9. K445%K445% 3%0' 8%+ 4, '' %3%5% +'3%, %3% >, 3'4': +%% %5,5 3%

+'3%, 54,+. D'4&%0' 8',% %/% ,%5%4% 5%*+ '% %*% ++%' *4% %%,

&3%: ,%0% &&'5',' 8% /%4 ,% 3% %0&% /%4 %4%+ '44% 3%%+

&4%4%+,% +8. D'3%0% /%4 8%/%, &4%'*5,% ,%+'0' 8%5&

0%&% 3'0' &4,' 3%%+ 3',&8%4,% +, %% 3%5%& ,%5% 0&%

+%44%.

B. BAHAN DAN RESEP

NO N%&% B%% J&5%

1 V%5' +' 1## 40

2 P%0%>' %3%+ 1# 40

M+5 ,0'+%5 1# 40

= M'/%, G30 1# &5

? M'/%, C4, 6 &5

6 M'/%, K%/ P+' ? &5

7 K%&0 K0'+%5 1# 40

" P%0>& = &5

; M'/%, 0& ? &5

C. ALATA5%+ 03,'

N. N%&% %5%+ U,0% J&5% F4'

1 B%+%4

4%3,

- 1 M4%3, 3% &9%&0 %3%

2 G5% ,'&'% - 2 M&%%,% 3% &%&4 %3%

K&0 5'+0', - 1 + M3'% &%%

= 3, - - M9%&0 %3% 3% &4%&8'5

8%%

A5%+ ,0

N. N%&% %5%+ U,0% J&5% F4'


21/22

1. G5% ,0 - - M4,0 8%%

2. +'&8%4% 0&%5 1 + M'&8%4 8%%

D. CARA KERJA

1. D'%40%& %5'0

V%5' %3%+

P%0%>' %3%+

M+5 ,0'+%5K%&0

%0>&&'/%, 430

&'/%, 94,

&'/%, ,%/ +'O8%+ G,

2. L%4,% ,0*%%. P0'%% %5%+

1. G5% ,'&'%: 8%+%4 4%3, 3% 3, 3'99' 80' ,&3'%

3',0'4,%.

2. G5% ,0 %+',% 80'. K&0 5'+0', 3'%+',% 8%', 3% '% 3'4%,%

8. P0'%% 8%%

1. S&% 8%% /%4 3'8+,% 3'+'&8%4 %' 0

2. C%&0,% %5' +':%0%>' %3%+: &+5 ,0'+%5 3% ,%&0 . S'%,% &'/%, 430: 94,: 3% ,%/ +' %' ,0%

9. R%,'

1. V%5' +': %0%>': &+5 ,0'+%5: ,%&0 3'9%&0 2. M'/%, 430: &'/%, 94,: &'/%, ,%/ +' 3'9%&0

3. T%%%

1. V%5' +': %0%>' %3%+: &+5 ,0'+%5 3% ,%&0 3'9%&0

,&3'% 3'%%,% '444% &580

2. T%&8%,% &'/%, 430: &'/%, ,%/ +': &'/%, 94,

%3, '44% 0%+%

. J%4% 5% +%&8%,% %0>&

penampuran

pendiaman

Pemanasan hingga

menair

Penampuran

Penimbangan


22/22

=. S'%,% 9 +&%+ 8%+ 4,: +%4,% '44%

?. T44 '44% &40%: 8%+ 4, '% 3'4%,%

!. PERHIHTUNGAN

P0'+4% 8%%

- V%5' +' (12# 16#) 1##40 7?40 - P%0%>' %3%+ (12# 16#) 1# 40 "40 - M+5 (12# 16#) 1# 40 " 40 - M'/%, 430 (12# 16#) 1# &5 " &5- M'/%, 94, (12# 16#) 6 &5 ? &5- M'/%, ,%/ +' (12# 16#) ? &5 = &5- K%&0 ,0'+%5 (12# 16#) 1# 40 " 40 - P%0>& (12# 16#) = &5 &5

- M'/%, 0& (12# 16#) ? &5 = &5

R%3&

11"$12 1## ;?:;

". KESIMPULAND%5%& 0 &8%+% 8%+ 4, '' +'3%, 3'+&,% ,5'+%. H%'5 0%3&

;?:;. A0&% 3% +,+0 3% 8%4 *4% &3% 3'5,%.

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