kuliah sindrom rabu 19112008

7/28/2019 Kuliah Sindrom Rabu 19112008.

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1. The type of skin lesion

D 2. The colorI

A 3. Margination

G

N Skin 4. ConsistencyO Lesions

S 5. Shape

IS 6. Arrangement

7. Distribution of lesion

DERMATOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS


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DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS


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Type of skin lesions


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Macule : Flat, circumscribed skindiscoloration that lacks surface elevation

or depression

Examples : caf au lait, Vitiligo, Freckle,

Junctional nevi, Ink tattoo


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Macular depigmentation


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Multiple hyperpigmented patches and

plaques, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma


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Papule : Elevated, solid lesion < 0.5 cm in

diameterExamples : Acrochordon (skin tag), Basal

cell carcinoma, Molluscum contagiosum


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Skin-colored papule with overlying

telangiectasias, trichoepithelioma


10/65Hyperpigmented macule, papule, lichenification


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Nodule : Elevated, solid lesion > 0.5 cm in

diameter; a large, deeper papule

Example : Rheumatoid nodule, Tendonxanthoma, Erythema nodusum, Lipoma,

Metastatic carcinoma


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Eritema nodusum : nodul kemerahan, nyeri +


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Urtikaria : urtika


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Multiple wheals and dermatographism ,

urticarial vasculitis


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Vesicle / Bulla


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Herpes simpleks : vesikula bergerombol, krusta


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Pustule : papule that containspurulent material.

Examples : Folliculitis, Impetigo,

Acne, Pustular psoriasis


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Cyst : Nodule that contains fluid orsemisolid material.

Examples : Acne, Epidermal inclusion,Trichilemmal cyst


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Crust : A collection of cellular debris,dried serum, and blood; a scab.

Antecedent primary lesion is usuallya vesicle, bulla, or pustule.


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Dermatitis atopik : pergelangan tangan kanan-kiri, makula

eritema, papulae, likenifikasi, ekskoriasi, krusta


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Erosion : A partial focal loss ofepidermis; heals without scarring


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Erosion


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Ulcer : A full-thickness, focal loss of

epidermis and dermis; heals withscarring


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Penile ulcer with a purulent base, chancroid


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Scar : A collection of new connective

tissue; may be hypertrophic or atrophic.

Scar implies dermoepidermal damage


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Scar


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Scalp plaque with scarring alopecia

hyperpigmentation and depigmentation, discoid


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Evaluation of arrangement patterns


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Evaluation of arrangement, patterns,

and distribution

Number : single or multiple lesions Arrangement : multiple lesion may be :

1. grouped : herpetiform, linear, etc

2. disseminated : scattered discrete lesions

Confluence : yes or no

Distribution :

1. Extent : isolated, localized, generalized, etc

2. Pattern : symmetric, exposed areas, etc


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Outline of Dermatologic Diagnosis

1. History

2. Physical examination

3. Special Clinical and Laboratory

Aids to Dermatologic Diagnosis

History


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History1. Constitutional symptoms

2. History of skin lesions3. General history of present illness as

indicated by clinical situation, with

particular attention to constitutional andprodromal symptoms

4. Past medical history

5. Family medical history6. Social history

7. Sexual history

Physical Examination


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Physical Examination

1. Appearance

2. Vital Signs3. Skin : Learning to Read

Dermatologic diagnosis :

1. type of skin lesion 5. shape

2. the color 6. arrangement

3. margination 7. distribution

4. consistency

4. Type of skin lesions


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The entire mucocutaneous surface, as well as

the hair and nails, should be examinedwhenever reasonable

Morphologic characteristic derived from cell

type in skin must be carefully scrutinized

Diseases have characteristic morphology and

distribution

Common pitfalls in dermatologic diagnosisexist and can be avoided


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kuliah sindrom rabu 19112008

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