serat pangan (4)

7/18/2019 Serat Pangan (4)

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DIETARY FIBERSDIETARY FIBERSSERATSERAT

CARBOHYDRATEMETABOLISM

ABDUL RAHIMDept. of Agrotechnologi, Faculty of Agricultural, Tadulako University



KEKURANGAN SERAT JANGKA LAMA , ERATKEKURANGAN SERAT JANGKA LAMA , ERAT

KAITANNYA DGN PENYAKIT2 : KANKERKAITANNYA DGN PENYAKIT2 : KANKER

KOLON, ATHEROSKELOSIS, DIVERTIKULITISKOLON, ATHEROSKELOSIS, DIVERTIKULITIS

DIET TINGGI SERAT PADA PENDERITA DMDIET TINGGI SERAT PADA PENDERITA DM

GULA DARAH BAIK GULA DARAH BAIK

HIDANGAN CUKUP SERAT MEMBERI RASAHIDANGAN CUKUP SERAT MEMBERI RASA

KENYANG & PUAS MENCEGAH ASUPANKENYANG & PUAS MENCEGAH ASUPAN

KALORI BERLEBIHAN BB NORMAL & DPTKALORI BERLEBIHAN BB NORMAL & DPT

MENURUNKAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAHMENURUNKAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAH

Hasil PengamatanHasil Pengamatan

EpidemiologisEpidemiologis



Klasifkasi SeratKlasifkasi Serat

MakananMakanan

LARUT AIRLARUT AIR

PEKTI

!U"

"UKI#A$E

β%!#UKA

A!#A$#

TAK LARUT AIRTAK LARUT AIR

KARBOHIDRATKARBOHIDRAT

% $E#U#&$A

% 'E"I$E#U#&$A

NON-NON-KARBOHIDRATKARBOHIDRAT

% #I!I



Macam-Macam Serat danMacam-Macam Serat dan

SumbernyaSumbernyaJENIS SERAT SIFAT SUMBER

SELULOSE TAK #A(UT AI(, )A!IA UTA"A DIDI!$E# TU")U'*A, "A"PU "E+E(AP AI(, "E#UAKA "E")E(I )ATUK PDFE$E$, "E")ATU !E(AKAPE(I$TA#TIK U$U$, "E")ATUDEFEKA$I "E-E!A' K&$TIPA$I

KU#IT PADI, KA-A! P&#&!, K&#, APE#.

HEMISELULOSE TAK #A(UT $E)A!IA #A(UT AI(,

A!IA UTA"A $E(AT $E(A#IA

KU#IT PADI !ADU"

LIGNIN TAK #A(UT AI(, )A!IA KE(A$ DA(ITU")U'*A, "E")E(I KEKUATA PD$T(UKTU( TU")U'*A

TA!KAI $A+U(A, )A! ITI &(TE#,)I/I /A")U )I/I

PEKTIN #A(UT AI(, )E(FU!$I $E)A!AI )A'APE(EKAT ATA( $E#

$A+U( )UA' 0

APE#, A!!U(, &(TE#, /A")U )I/I,/EI$ $IT(U$

GUM #A(UT AI(, DI!UAKA D#" IDU$T(I

PA!A $E)A!AI PE!ETA#,E"U$IFE(, $TA)I#I1E(

$A(I P&'& AKA$IA 2 !U" A(A)I- 3

MUKILASE #A(UT AI(, $T(UKTU( +! K&"P#EK )I/I*A AKA(

GLUKAN #A(UT AI(, DIDU!A )E(PE(A D#""EU(UKA K&#E$TE(&#

$E(A#IA TE(UTA"A &AT

ALGAL #A(UT AI(, )A'A PE!ETA# $TA)I#I1E( DI!UAKA $)! A!A(*

A#!AE (U"PUT #AUT



ContohContohHidangHidang

ananCukupCukup

SeratSerat

CUKUP SERATCUKUP SERAT

PAGI

A$I !&(E! 2)E(A$ !I#I!3

TE#U( -EP#&K

KE(UPUK UDA!

KETI"U 4 T&"AT

TE' "AI$

5 6 !#$

5 )T(

5 )'

* I(I$

5 -K(

SELINGAN JAM 10.00

PUDI! 2 A!A(*3

$#ADA )UA'

5 )'

5 !#$

MAKAN SIANG

A$I 2)!#!3

A+A" !&(E!

TE"PE )A-E"

$A+U( A$E"

$A")E# 4 #A#A)

PEPA+A

AI( PUTI'

* 6 !#$

5 PT!

* PT! $D!

5 "A!K&K

$ 4 *%7 I(I$

5 PT! $D!

I !#$

SELINGAN SORE:

U)I (E)U$

)A/I!U(

5 PT!

5 !#$

MAKAN SORE :

A$I 2 )!#!3

(EDA! DA!I! 4

KA- "E(A'

$UP $A+U(A

APE#

AI( PUTI'

* 6 !#$

5 PT! 4

* $D"

5 "!K

5 )' K-#

5 !#$



ContohContoh

HidanganHidangan

RendahRendah

SeratSerat

RENDAH SERATRENDAH SERAT

PAGI

A$I !&(E! 2)E(A$ (&/&#E#E3TE#U( -EP#&K

KE(UPUK UDA!

K&PI

SELINGAN JAM 10.00

KUE TA#A" A-I

$&FT D(IK

MAKAN SIANGA$I 2 ) (/##3

A+A" !&(E!

$&P )UTUT

KE(UPUK

TE ' )&T&#

SELINGAN SORE:

-AKEE$ K(I"

MAKAN SORE :

A$I 2)(/##3

$ATE

A-A( TI"U

AI( /E(UK



% of population who consume Fruit andVegetables 5 portion/day, based on area, sex,

and age group

Source: Susenas (!

$rea Sex

$ge group

ietary Fiber

&onsumption



'ational aerage : )!*5 g/day'ational aerage : )!*5 g/day

+aarta +aarta : -*5 g/day : -*5 g/day

.ogyaarta .ogyaarta : )*! g/day : )*! g/day

0ecommend0ecommend : 5 1 2! g/day : 5 1 2! g/day

(10 g/1000 kcal energy)(10 g/1000 kcal energy)

ietary Fiber

&onsumption



Functional food is de3ned as food either

natural or processed food which contains one

or more substances nown to hae certain

physiological function which is bene3cial for

health based on scienti3c assessment (4adan

Function of food :

)* 'utritional function (rimary function#

* Sensory function (Secondary function#

2* hysiological function (9ertiary function#

Functional Foods



$ group of substances considered to hae certain

physiological function in functional food:

)* ietary 3ber* 6ligosaccharides (prebiotics#

2* Sugar alcohols

"* nsaturated fatty acids (mono1 ; polyunsaturated#

5* &ertain peptides and protein

<* =lycosides and isoprenoides

* olyphenols and iso>aones

-* &holine, ?ecithin ; &arnitine

@* ?actic acid bacteria (probiotics#

)!* hytosterols and phytostanols

))* &ertain itamin ; mineral

ietary Fiber asietary Fiber asa Functional Fooda Functional Food



G!CEM"C E##EC$ %#G!CEM"C E##EC$ %##%%&S#%%&S



Fig* Food =uide yramid



ietary Fiber ; ?ow =8 Foodsietary Fiber ; ?ow =8 Foods

$he Glycemic "nde' (G") is a ranking o*$he Glycemic "nde' (G") is a ranking o*carbohydrate containing *oods on a scalecarbohydrate containing *oods on a scale*rom + to ,++ according to the e'tent to*rom + to ,++ according to the e'tent to hich they raise blood sugar le.els a*ter hich they raise blood sugar le.els a*tereatingeating

Carboh!ra"#$ "ha" br#a%!o&'

()*+%, !)r*' !*#$"*o' ha# "h#

h*h#$" ,+#/*+ *'!##$. Th# b,oo!

,)+o$# r#$o'$# *$ 2a$" a'! h*h.

Carboh!ra"#$ "ha" br#a% !o&' $,o&,3 r#,#a$*'

,)+o$# ra!)a,, *'"o "h# b,oo! $"r#a/3 ha# ,o&

,+#/*+ *'!##$.



Glycemic "nde' Glycemic "nde'

Glycemic "nde' (G")Glycemic "nde' (G") measures ho /+ gramsmeasures ho /+ gramso* a.ailable carbohydrate *rom a *ood raiseso* a.ailable carbohydrate *rom a *ood raisesblood sugar and subse0uently1 insulinblood sugar and subse0uently1 insulinle.elsle.els

oo MediumMedium HighHigh

G"G" 2//2// /3-34/3-34 556+6+

Starc B t an B t outarc an ou



Starc B t an B t outarc an ouSoluble ietary FiberSoluble ietary Fiber

(SF#(SF#



CH2OH



Inulin : soluble dieary !berInulin : soluble dieary !berenroll as aenroll as a "rebioics

0ole of rebiotic:

)* 8ncrease &alciumabsorption

* 0educe ris of coloncancer

2* ecrease lasma =lucose2* ecrease lasma =lucose

;;

O

O

OH

O

OH

CH2OH

HO

OH

HO

HOH2C

CH2

O

n

O

OH

OH

HOH2C

CH2OH

ietary Fiber ; rebiotics

8nulin is soluble dietary8nulin is soluble dietary



8nulin is soluble dietary8nulin is soluble dietary

3bre:3bre:

No bre!"o#$ %$ 'eNo bre!"o#$ %$ 'e

(o)'(o)'

Ne*+%*%b+e %"%Ne*+%*%b+e %"%

'-"ro+-.%.'-"ro+-.%. No bre!"o#$ b-No bre!"o#$ b-

e$/-(e.e$/-(e.

No b.or0%o$No b.or0%o$

No bre!"o#$ b-No bre!"o#$ b-e$/-(e.e$/-(e.

No b.or0%o$No b.or0%o$

No 1er(e$%o$No 1er(e$%o$

Co(0+ee $erob%3Co(0+ee $erob%3

8outh

anus

large intestine

s8all intestine

sto8ach



SERAT PANGAN 4DIETARY FIBER 5

S#ra" 4fiber 5 6 $#'a&a inert $#+ara *7* "*!a% !aa"!*+#r'a o,#h #'7*/-#'7*/ #'+#r'aa'

P#'#,*"*a' ,#b*h ,a'8)" : $#ra" "*!a% ha'a "#r!*r* !ar*

$#,),o$a3 "#"a* 8)a ,*'*'3 h#/*$#,),o$a3 #'"o$a'

!a' $#'a&a #%"*%

A%h*r'a !*)'a%a' *$"*,ah $#ra"

a'a' 4dietary fiber 5

/#')'8)%%a' ,*'*' $#r"a KH ,a*'

a' "*!a% !aa" !*+#r'a

"#r/a$)% %# !a,a/'a

I$"*,ah $#ra" a'a' 4dietary fiber 5 har)$

!*b#!a%a' !ar* *$"*,ah $#ra" %a$ar 4crude

fiber 5 /a))' r#$*!) 'o'-')"r*"*2



GULA, PATI

PROTEIN

LIPIDA

PEKTIN

GUM

SELULOSAHEMISELULOSA

LIGNIN

DINDING SEL

BAKTERI USUS

BAHAN ENDOGEN

Ma%a'a'

F#$#$S#ra" Ka$ar

S#ra" Pa'a'

R#$*!)

No'-N)"r*"*2



S#ra" %a$ar 4crude fiber 5 : /#"o!# AOAC

r#$*!) a' "*!a% ,ar)" !a,a/ NaOH !a'

H9SO #'+#r a'a$

"*!a% /#')'8)%%a' '*,a* $#ra" a'a'a' $#b#'ar'a : $#%*"ar ;0-<0 =

,*'*'3 >0 = h#/*$#,),o$a !a' 90-;0

= $#,),o$a3 $#r"a $#/)a %o/o'#'

$#ra" ,ar)" ,a*''a 4#%"*'3 )/5

h*,a' $#,a/a a'a,*$*$

M#"o!# a'a,*$*$ /#')'a%a' !#"#r8#' 4acid detergen

fiber a"a) neutral detergen fiber 5 : ha'a !aa"

/#')%)r %o/o'#' $#ra" a'a' "*!a% ,ar)"

S#ra" a'a' 4dietary fiber 5 !*a'a,*$*$ /#')'a%a'

/#"o!# #'7*/a"*% 4a,2a-a/*,a$# "aha' a'a$

$#r"a #$*' !a' a'%r#a"*'5 !aa" /#')%)r

%o/o'#' $#ra" ,ar)" /a))' "*!a% ,ar)"

$#%a,*)$ !a' $#+ara "#r*$ah



D#2*'*$* ? P#'o,o'a'

S#ra" a'a' 4dietary fiber 5 6 %#,o/o%

o,*$a%ar*!a !a' o,*/#r ,a*' a'

"*!a% !aa" !*+#r'a o,#h $*$"#/

a$"ro-*'"#$"*'a, ba*a' a"a$ ")b)h

/a')$*a

"#r!aa" b#b#raa %o/o'#''aa' !aa" !*2#r/#'"a$* o,#h

/*%ro2,ora )$)$ b#$ar

S#ra" a'a' "o"a, 4total dietary fiber 3 TDF5

"#r!*r* a"a$ $#ra" a'a' ,ar)" 4soluble

dietary fiber 3 SDF5 !a' $#ra" a'a' "*!a%,ar)" 4insoluble dietary fiber 3 IDF5

)/)/'a IDF ,#b*h "*'*

%a!ar'a !*ba'!*'%a' SDF



Soluble Dietary Fiber 4SDF5 "#r!*r* a"a$ :

)/3 #%"*'3 $#ba*a' %#+*, h#/*$#,),o$a ,ar)"

Ko/o'#'

Ma'2aa" SDF

@ #2#%"*2 !a,a/ /#')r)'%a' %a!ar

%o,#$"#ro, ,a$/a

@ #2#%"*2 !a,a/ /#r#!)%$* %a!ar LDL

$#r"a /#'*'%a"%a' %a!ar HDL,a$/a

@ b#r#ra' !a,a/ /#r#!)%$* ab$or$*

,)%o$a !a,a/ )$)$ b#r/a'2aa"

ba* #'!#r*"a D*ab#"#$ M#,*")$

@ /#/b)a" #r)" +#a" /#ra$a %#'a'b#r/a'2aa" )'")%

/#/#r"aha'%a' b#ra" ba!a'

'or/a, a"a) /#')r)'%a' b#ra"

ba!a'



Insoluble Dietary Fiber 4IDF5 "#r!*r* a"a$ :

$#,),o$a3 ,*'*'3 $#ba*a' b#$ar h#/*$#,),o$a3

$#8)/,ah %#+*, %)"*' !a' ,*,*' "a'a/a'3 $#'a&a#%"a" a' "*!a% ,ar)"

Ko/o'#'

Ma'2aa" IDF

@ "*!a% $*'*2*%a' $#baa* a#'

h*o%o,#$"#ro,#/*%

@ #ra'a''a $a'a" #'"*'

!a,a/ #'+#aha'

!*$2)'$* a,a" #'+#r'aa' :- %o'$"*a$* 4$#/b#,*"5

- ha#/oro*! 4a/b#*#'5

- %a'%#r )$)$ b#$ar

- *'2#%$* )$)$ b)'")

- !*#r"*%),o$*$



KONSUMSI SERAT PANGAN RENDAH

%o'$)/$* KH /)r'* "*'*

I'$)2*$*#'$* a'%r#a"*%

DIABETES OBESITAS

/a%a'a' %a,or* "*'*

%o'$)/$* b#r,#b*ha'

%o'$)/$* ,#/a% "*'*

PENAKIT

JANTUNG

KORONER

#')ra'a' %#%a/baa' !,/ )$)$ b#$ar

#')ra'a' $"*/),)$ /o"*,*"a$

"ra'$*" ,a/a

%o'$#'"ra$*

/#"abo,*" "*'*

%o'"a% !' /)%o$a

)$)$ ,a/a

KANKER

USUS BESAR

#')r)'a' %a!ar

baha' ora'*%

#'#raa' a*r

/a%$*/)/

/a$$a

b#r%)ra'

2#r/#'"a$* ,a/a

2#$#$ %#'"a, ? %#r*'

"#%a'a' !

)$)$ /#'*'%a"

DIERTIKULOSIS

$),*" b)a' a*r b#$ar

KONSTIPASI

4SEMBELIT5



KANKER USUS BESAR

PREKURSOR

KARSINOGEN

Waktu

Konsentrasi

Aksi

Bakteri

KANKER

SERAT

PANGAN

Perubaan!ikro"#ora usus

Men$uran$i %aktu transit

Menin$katkan

kan&un$an air

P#ra'a' $#ra" a'a' : 415 /#/#'ar)h* /*%ro2,ora )$)$ $#h*'a

"*!a% "#rb#'")% %ar$*'o#'3 495 /#'*'%a"%a' %a'!)'a' a*r

$#h*'a %o'$#'"ra$* %ar$*'o#' /#'8a!* r#'!ah3 !a' 45

/#/#r+#a" &a%") "ra'$*" r#$*!) /a%a'a' !a,a/ )$)$ b#$ar



DIERTIKULOSIS

P#'a%*" *'* !*"a'!a* !' a!a'a b#'8o,a'-b#'8o,a'

a!a )$)$ b#$ar3 a' "*/b), a%*ba""#rb#'")%'a 2#$#$ a' %#+*, !a' %#ra$

Ko'$)/$* $#ra" a'a' a' +)%) a%a' /#/b#'")%

2#$#$ a' b#$ar !a' ,)'a%3 $#h*'a "#%a'a'

a!a #r/)%aa' )$)$ /#')r)' !a' "#r8a!*'a!*#r"*%),o$*$ !aa" !*+#ah

K)ra' $#ra" :% F#$#$ b),a" %#+*, ? %#ra$% Ko'"ra%$* o"o" )$)$

!' "#%a'a' b#$ar

4 <0 // H5

C)%) $#ra" :

- F#$#$ b#$ar !a' ,)'a%

- Ko'"ra%$* o"o" )$)$

!' "#%a'a' r#'!ah

410 // H5



KEGEMUKAN 4OBESITAS5

M#'*'%a"'a !#'$*"a$ %a,or* !a,a/

/a%a'a'/*')/a' a' /#'#r"a*/#'*'%a"'a %#/a%/)ra'

Pa!a h#&a' #r+obaa' : %##/)%a'

b#rh)b)'a' ,a'$)' !#'a' ra$*o

$#ra" a'a' "#rha!a #'#r* 4%a,or*5

!* !a,a/ ra'$)/

S#ra" a'a' a%a' /#/b)a" +#a" %#'a'3 a%*ba"

$#%r#$* $a,*a !a' +a*ra' ,a/b)' a' ,#b*h

ba'a% !a' $#ra" a%a' "#r"aha' ,#b*h ,a/a !*

!a,a/ ,a/b)'

D#'a' a!a'a $#ra"3 #'#raa' 7a"-7a" *7* $)/b#r

#'#r* 4a"*3 ),a3 ro"#*'3 ,#/a%5 a%a'

"#rha/ba"3 $#h*'a ,#b*h $#!*%*" $)/b#r #'#r*

a' /a$)% %# !a,a/ ")b)h

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