JABATAN KESIHATAN MASYARAKAT

FAKULTI PERUBATAN

UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA

S

SOCSO CASE STUDY

FFFF 3625

SESI 2008/2009

KUMPULAN B KUALA SELANGOR

AHLI-AHLI KUMPULAN

1. SHARIFAH KHADIJAH BT SYED UBAIDILLAH A1135392. MOHAMAD FAIZAL BIN MOHD HAZASHAH A1150703. MOHD MUHAIMIN BIN ABDULLAH A1136004. NOR AISHAH BT BAHARUM A1149045. NELSON SOON SIE CHUNG A1152426. CARYN LEONG JIA WERN A1142567. NOR HAFIZA BT AHMAD A1146738. NURHANIM BT YAHAYA A1136069. BOEY CHING YEEN A11130110. WONG YEE MING A111010

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Table of Contents

Introduction Of Study.....................................................................................................................3

Chapter 1- Introduction to SOCSO...................................................................................................4

Chapter 2- Patient’s Information...................................................................................................18

Chapter 3- Family Data.................................................................................................................21

Chapter 4- Home Visit...................................................................................................................26

Chapter 5- Workplace...................................................................................................................34

Chapter 6- Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994.....................................................................40

Chapter 8- Recommendations.......................................................................................................46

References....................................................................................................................................50

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INTRODUCTION OF STUDYThe objectives of our case study are:

1. To have a better view on SOCSO function, to whom it is applicable to and the

benefits that the insured person eligible to apply to incase of any work related injury

or disease.

2. To educate to patient about SOCSO so that they understand their right as the

insured person for SOCSO.

3. Give us an early exposure as a future doctor on what SOCSO is all about and how it

related with patient and what is our function.

In this task we have to make a case report regarding SOCSO case. We must find a patient

that have work related injury or disease and I relation with SOCSO. Firstly, we will

discuss about the patient clinically where we will explain on his injuries, his medical

history and his status now biologically, physically, psychosocially.

Next subtopic of this report we will explain on SOCSO. First by explaining briefly

what is the function of SOCSO, then we will relate it with this patient from the start

where we will explain the process of applying for SOCSO benefit specific to this patient

until the total benefits that this patient eligible to get.

By the end of this report we will discuss on our role in case of these kind of case

happens in our daily life as a doctor.

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CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION TO SOCSO

1.1 The Coverage Provided To an Insured Person by SOCSO Under ESSA 1969

An insured person or dependants will be entitled to the following benefits :

Periodical payments in the case of invalidity

Periodical payments in the case of disablement suffered as a result of an employment

injury

Periodical payments to the dependants of an insured person who dies as a result of an

employment injury

Payments for funeral benefit or expense on the death of an insured person as a result

of an employment injury

Periodical payments to an insured person who is in receipt of invalidity pension or

disablement benefit and is so severely incapacitated or disabled as to require the

personal attendance of another person

Medical treatments for the attendance on insured persons suffering from disablement

Periodical payments to dependants of an insured person who dies while in receipt of

invalidity pension

1.2 SCHEMES UNDER SOCSO

SOCSO provides coverage to eligible employees through 2 schemes namely :

1. Employment Injury Insurance Scheme (EIIS)

2. Invalidity Pension Scheme (IPS)

These schemes are classified into 2 categories:

First category

Comprises of EIIS and IPS. The contribution payment is made by both the employer and employee.

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The employer contributes 1.75% salary while the employee contributes 0.5% of the salary.

Second category

Comprises of EIIS only.

The contribution is paid by the employer only by contributing 1.75% salary.

An employee who is not eligible for coverage under the Invalidity Pension Scheme

is protected under this category.

1.2..1 Employment Injury Insurance Scheme (EIIS)

The EIIS provide coverage for :

1. Travelling (Commuting accident)

On route between the place of residence and workplace

Between the workplace the place where the employee takes meals

On a journey directly connected to work

Except for accident that occur during a stoppage for personal reasons

2. Arising out of and in the course of employment

While performing official duty at workplace which arise out of the

employment

3. Occupational disease

Expose to various hazards by the nature of his duty

Benefits provided under the EIIS

1. Medical Benefit

If an employee contracts any occupational disease or meet with an accident, he

is entitled to treatment at SOCSO panel clinic or any government hospital

To get a free treatment, the employee must bring along their:

a) Accident Report (Form 21) or an Identification

b) Letter from his employer/Report of OD Form 68 & Form 6

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Where the employee initially receives treatment in a SOCSO Panel Clinic,

treatment must be continued at the same clinic until recovery or unless he is

referred to a Government Hospital.

In the event of serious injury, the treatment should be at the nearest

government hospital.

Employee is eligible for second class ward treatment at the hospital.

Reimbursement for medical expenditure incurred at a non SOCSO Panel

Clinic may only be submitted for consideration.

2. Temporary Disablement Benefit

This benefit will pay for the period the employee is on medical leave if he has

been certified by a doctor to be unfit to work for 4 days.

The daily rate of this benefit is equivalent to 80% of the average assumed

daily wage. However, they will be paid a minimum of RM10 and for those

who exceeds RM1900 per month will be paid a maximum rate of RM52 per

day.

3. Permanent Disablement Benefit

For employee who has been certified by the Medical Board to be suffering

from permanent disablement as a result of an employment injury.

The daily rate of this benefit is equivalent to 90% of the average assumed

daily wage to a minimum of RM10.

They can claim the benefit paid as a lump sum if the permanent disablement is

assessed to be 20% or less. If it exceeds 20%, the employee can choose to

exchange 1/5 of the daily rate of permanent disablement benefit into a lump

sum payment while the balance will be paid as a monthly pension for life.

Claim can be made within 12 months from the date of Final Medical

Certificate Issued.

While receiving this benefit, an employee may continue to work.

If the Insured or SOCSO is not satisfied with the decision of the Medical

Board made, an appeal can be made at the Appealate Medical Board within 90

days from the date notification to the insured.

4. Constant Attendance Allowance

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For employee who is suffering from permanent total disablement or 100% loss

of earning capacity and requires the personal attendance of another person.

Subject to a maximum of RM500, the allowance is equivalent to 40% of the

rate of permanent total disablement benefit.

The Medical Board will determine the eligibility for this allowance

Payment will be paid directly to the recipient.

5. Funeral Benefits

For employee who dies due to employment injury or while receiving

disablement benefit.

RM1500 will be given to eligible next-of-kin.

If there are no next-of-kin, the person who incurred the funeral expenditure

will be given the maximum amount of the benefit which is the actual amount

incurred or RM1500, whichever is lower.

6. Rehabilitation Benefit

For employee who suffers from permanent disablement, SOCSO will provide

facilities for vocational and physical rehabilitation.

Physical rehabilitation includes physiotherapy, occupational therapy,

reconstructive surgery, and supply of artificial limps and other prosthetic

appliances, including their repair and replacement.

If he is unable to find a suitable job due to his condition, he can apply to

undergo vocational training in courses such as radio or TV repairs, metal trade

and etc.

SOCSO will bear all expenses incurred for the purpose of vocational and

physical rehabilitation based on rates and conditions determined by SOCSO.

7. Dependent’s Benefit

If an employee dies due to employment injury, his dependants are entitled to

this benefit.

Subject to a minimum rate of RM10 per day, the full daily rate of dependants'

benefit is 90% of the average assumed daily wage.

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Where there is no widow, widower or an eligible child, the following persons

can receive the benefits if they depend wholly or partially on the employee's

income at the time of his death.

8. Educational Benefit

For children of a permanent disablement benefit receiver that want to pursue

their studies in certificate, diploma or bachelor in higher learning institute.

1.2.2 The Invalidity Pension Scheme ( IPS )

IPS provides a 24-hour coverage to employees against invalidity and death due to any cause

not connected with employment before the age of 55 years.

Benefits provided under the IPS

1. Invalidity Pension

Invalidity here means a serious disease or disablement of a permanent nature

that is either incurable or not likely to be cured, causing an employee to be

unable to earn at least 1/3 of what a normally able person could earn.

Heart attack, kidney failure, cancer, mental illness, chronic asthma and other

similar conditions are chronic illnesses or diseases that could be considered for

invalidity.

The following conditions must be fulfilled by an employee to be eligible for

Invalidity Pension :

at the time the notice of invalidity is received, the employee has not

completed the age of 55 years.

if the employee has completed the age of 55 years when the notice of

invalidity is received, such employee has to provide proof that the

invalidity occurred before 55 years and he had ceased employment at

that time.

certified as an invalid by a Medical Board or Appellate Medical Board

has fulfilled the contribution qualifying conditions.

There are 2 contribution qualifying conditions :

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1. Full qualifying condition

An employee is deemed to have fulfilled the conditions of full contribution

qualification if:

Before the month in which the notice of invalidity is received, an

employee's monthly contributions within a period of 40 consecutive months

must be at least 24 months.

An employee has made monthly contributions for at least 2/3 of the number of

full months in the period between the date of first coverage under the Invalidity

Pension Scheme and the date the notice of invalidity is received by SOCSO.

This is subject to the condition that the total number of monthly contributions

made during the stated period, is at least 24.

The employee is qualified to receive the pension with the rate of 50-65% of the

average monthly salary.

2. Reduced qualifying condition

An employee is deemed to have the reduced qualifying condition if:

An employee has made monthly contributions for not less than 1/3 of the

number of full months in the period between the date of first coverage under the

Invalidity Pension Scheme and the date the notice of invalidity is received by

SOCSO.

Before the month in which the notice of invalidity is received, an employee's

monthly contributions must be at least 24 months.

The employee is qualified to receive the pension with the lower rate of 50% of the

average monthly salary.

Minimum pension is RM 250 per month.

2. Invalidity Grant

This is an outright payment paid to worker or employee who does not qualify

for the Invalidity Pension, as he does not meet any of the contribution

qualifying conditions stated, but has made at least 12 monthly contributions.

It is equivalent to the total amount of contributions paid by the employee and

the employer for the Invalidity Pension Scheme including the interest thereof.

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3. Constant Attendance Allowance

For employee who is severely incapacitated and requires constant personal

attendance, the recipient of Invalidity Pension is also entitled to Constant

Attendance Allowance.

The Medical Board or an Appellate Medical Board will decide on the

eligibility to receive this allowance and will pay the recipient of the benefit

directly.

Subject to a maximum of RM500 per month, the benefit is 40% of the rate of

Invalidity Pension.

4. Survivor’s Pension

For employee who dies in any of the following situations, irrespective of the

cause of death:

a)While an employee is receiving invalidity pension irrespective of his age

b)An employee who is not a recipient of the invalidity pension and has not

reached the age of 55 years but met either the full contribution qualifying

condition or the reduced contribution qualifying condition.

Where the deceased is a recipient of Invalidity Pension, the rate of the

Survivors Pension is equivalent to the rate of the Invalidity Pension received

by him.

Where the deceased is not a recipient of the Invalidity Pension and has met the

full contribution qualifying conditions, the full rate of the Survivor's Pension

is between 50% to 65% of the average monthly wage depending on the

number of contributions made in his behalf.

The rate of Survivors Pension will be 50% of the average monthly wage for an

employee who meets the reduced contribution qualifying condition.

Dependants who are entitled for the pension are the same as those under the

Dependent Benefit of Employment Injury Scheme.

5. Funeral Benefit

This benefit is paid to the eligible next-of-kin if an employee dies:

a) while receiving Invalidity Pension

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b) before reaching the age of 55 but meets the full or reduced qualifying

contribution conditions.

The amount and the persons qualified to receive this benefit are the same as

those under the Employment Injury Scheme

6. Rehabilitation Benefit

For employer who suffers invalidity. He is entitled to receive Rehabilitation

Benefit as provided under the Employment Insurance Injury Scheme.

The total contribution for the Invalidity Pension Scheme is about 1% of the wages of an

employee and is shared by the employer and the employee equally.

1.3 CONTRIBUTORS

An employee under a contract of service or apprenticeship and earning a monthly

wages of RM 3000 and below are compulsory to register with SOCSO regardless of age,

employment status, be it permanent or temporary.

On the other hand, it is optional for an employees who had never register with

SOCSO with a monthly wages of more than RM 3000 to register themselves under SOCSO

and to be covered under the schemes. However, consent from both parties are required

(employer and employee).

The principal of ‘Once In Always In’ is applied for SOCSO, that is, once an employee

register and contributed to SOCSO, attributed to lifetime contributions to SOCSO as long as

he or she is working, irrespective of his or her monthly wages although it exceeds RM 3000.

SOCSO protection plans are only eligible to Malaysian citizens and permanent

residents. It does not cover :-

A person whose wages exceed RM3, 000 a month and has never been covered before.

Self-employed workers

Foreign workers – are protected under the Workmen's Compensation Act 1952.

Government servants

Domestic servants employed to work in a dwelling house which includes a cook,

gardeners, house servants, watchman, washer woman and driver.

Employees who have attained the age of 55 only for purposes of invalidity but if they

continue to work they should be covered under the Employment Injuries Scheme

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1.4 CONTRIBUTION

It is a mandatory for an employer to register and insure all qualified employees even

if the employees have other private insurance coverage, as that stated in Employees' Social

Security Act 1969. It is compulsory for an employer to make contribution to the SOCSO on

behalf of the employees to insure them against employment injury and the contingencies of

invalidity.

SOCSO protection plan involves contribution from both the employers and employees

according to the rates specified under the Act, except for certain specific conditions.

Employee’s with monthly wages less than RM 3000 must be registered and insured

from first month of employment. This includes a firm or company with one or more

employers with wages less than RM 1,000 per month. Coverage of an employee who had

reached the age of 55 and continues to be employed has also to be continued. In these two

special cases, contributions are borne solely by the employer.

Amount of contribution by the employer and employee is based upon the employee’s

monthly wages. Whereas, the rate of contribution is determined by the SOCSO Contribution

Schedule and contribution should be made on the first month a person is employed.

The employer contributes 1.75% of employees monthly wages for the Employment

Injury Insurance Scheme and the Invalidity Pension Scheme while the employee and

employer share 1% of wages for coverage under the Invalidity Pension Scheme.

Contribution by both employer and employee must be made not later than the last day

of the following month. For example, contribution for July 2008 must be paid not later than

31 March 2008. An employer is liable for Interest on Late Payments for Contributions (ILPC)

under Regulation 33 of the Employee’s Social Security (General) Regulations, 1971 with an

interest rate of 6% per annum in respect of each day delayed or default in payment of

contribution within the stipulated timeframe.

There are two categories for contribution:-

First category Second Category

Employment Injury Insurance

Scheme

Employment Injury insurance

Scheme only

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Invalidity Pension Scheme

Contribution made by both

employer and employee

Contribution by employer only

For employees aged 55 and below For employees who is not eligible

for coverage under Invalidity

Pension Scheme ( aged 55 years

and above and still working )

For employees above 50 years of

age when first register and

contribute to SOCSO

For an insured person receiving

Invalidity Pension who is still

working and receiving wages less

than 1/3 of the average monthly

wage before invalidity

Not all remuneration are considered in calculating an employer’s and employee’s

contribution. Below are the remuneration defined under wages to be taken into consideration

when calculating an employer’s and employee’s contribution to SOCSO :-

Salary

Commission

Allowances such as incentives, good behaviour and cost of living ( COLA )

Service charge

Overtime payment

Payments for leaves such as annual leaves, sick and maternity leaves, public holidays

and rest days

Categories which are not defined under wages and should not be taken into account are as

below:-

Gratuity payments for retrenchment or dismissal

Mileage claims

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Payment by employers to any pension or provident fund for employees

Annual bonus

1.5 EMPLOYER’S ROLES

i) An employer must cover their employees even if the employees have other private

insurance coverage.

ii) A company or firm with one or more employees whose individual earning s do not exceed

RM 1000 a month has to register with SOCSO. The contributions for such employees are

borne solely by employer.

iii) Where an employee reached the age of 55 and continues to be employed after that age,

only

the employer shall contribute to SOCSO for such employees.

iv) Under the Employees’ Social Security Act 1969, it is the duty of an employer to make the

contribution to the SOCSO on behalf of the employees to ensure them against

employment injury and contingencies of invalidity.

v) Under Employees’ Social Secuirity Act 1969, the principal employer will be liable, in the

event the employees have not been registered and the immediate employer cannot be

located.

1.6 SOCSO’S APPLICATION

Invalidity pension

Invalidity means a serious disease or disablement of a permanent nature that is either

incurable or not likely to be cured, as a result of which an employee is unable to earn at least

1/3 of what a normally able person could earn.

The following conditions were fulfilled by Mr. Letchumanan A/L Raman to be

eligible for Invalidity Pension:

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at the time the notice of invalidity is received, he has not completed the

age of 55 years

certified as an invalid by a Medical Board or Appellate Medical

Board

he has fulfilled the contribution qualifying conditions.

Application process:

Claimant need to complete and submit these forms:

PKS (F) 41 Form (notice of invalidity)

Medical report

A copy of identification card / birth certificate

A copy of banking book and account number

The first payment of invalidity pension will be paid within 3 months if an employee is

qualified. For Mr. Letchumanan, his application have been rejected by SOCSO.

1.4 EMPLOYMENT INJURY INSURANCE SCHEME

The Employment Injury Scheme provides coverage for accidents that occur while :

1. Travelling (Commuting accident)

While travelling on a route between the place of residence or stay and the

work place.

While travelling between the work place and the place where the employee

takes meals during any authorized recess.

While travelling on a journey directly connected to work.

2. Arising out of and in the course of employment

Accident that happens while performing official duty at the work place which

arise out of the employment.

3. Occupational diseases

An employee contracting a disease to which he is exposed to various hazards

by the nature of his duty.

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In this case report, our patient Mr. Letchumanan’s condition was not fulfilled the above

criteria to be eligible or qualify to obtain the coverage of Employment Injury Insurance

Scheme. Therefore, several benefits provided under the Employment Injury Insurance

Scheme such as the followings was not success and qualify to be apply by Mr. Letchumanan.

Medical benefit

Temporary disablement benefit

Permanent disablement benefit

Constant attendance allowance

Rehabilitation benefit

Dependent’s benefit

Medical Benefits

Mr. Letchumanan who has been diagnose brain tumour and generalize tonic clonic seizure

since 5 years ago was not qualified for medical benefit. If his condition was fulfilled, from

medical benefit, he will be treated at SOCSO panel clinic or second class ward of government

hospital and treatment from specialist if needed.

Application process:

To be eligible for free treatment, the employee or his representative need to

complete these forms:

Accident Report (Form 21)

Letter from his employer or Report of Occupational Diseases

Form 68 & Form 69 (whichever is relevant)

Identification letter from employer

These forms need to be hand in to the SOCSO panel clinic or government hospital.

SOCSO will settle his medical bill on behalf by paying the medical treatment provider

directly.

Temporary Disablement Benefit

An employee who has been certified by a doctor to be unfit for work for not less than

4 days including the day of the accident is eligible for this benefit. This benefit will be paid

for the period the employee is on medical leave. the employee will be paid a minimum rate of

RM10 if the daily rate is below RM10. An employee whose wage exceeds RM1,900 per

month will be paid a maximum rate of RM52 per day. Mr Letchumanan was not qualify to

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apply this benefit as his condition was not fulfilled the criteria of application of the coverage

of Employment Injury Insurance Scheme. If an employee who was qualify to apply, he have :

To claim for Temporary Disablement Benefit:

Claim Form 10

Doctor ‘s Certificate (Form 13) or the original copy of a Medical Certificate.

Permanent disablement benefit

Mr. Letchumanan also not qualify to apply this benefit as explained above. If an

employee who has been certified by a Medical Board or an Appellate Medical Board to be

suffering from permanent disablement as a result of an employment injury is eligible for this

benefit.

Application process:

An insured person needs to do a written application to the associated SOCSO

local office for reference to the Medical Board. He also needs to compile:

Application form

A copy of identification card

Medical report that from hospital that provide treatment for him

Claim form 10

PKS form ( details of salary )

A copy of banking book and account number

An employee who has been certified by a Medical Board or an Appellate Medical

Board to be suffering from permanent disablement as a result of an employment injury is

eligible for this benefit. Where the permanent disablement is assessed to be 100%, an

employee will be paid a daily rate equivalent to 90% of the average assumed daily wage,

subject to a minimum daily rate of RM10. An employee can claim the benefit to be paid as a

lump sum if the permanent disablement is assessed to be 20% or less.

CHAPTER 2- PATIENT’S INFORMATION1.1. PATIENT IDENTIFICATION DATA

Name : Mr. Janudin Bin Jamil

I/C No : 571210-10-5081

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Age : 51 years old

Gender : Male

Address : Lot 198 Batu 8,

45600 Ijok,

Selangor.

Date of Occupational Injury : 20 Jun 2007

Occupation : Maintainer

Employer : Vasatech Sdn . Bhd. Factory

Lot 2993, Jalan Bukit Badong,

45600 Bestari Jaya,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Income : RM2200

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1.2. CHIEF COMPLAINT

Mr. Janudin a 51 year-old Malay gentleman with no known past medical illness

sustained occupational injury due to fall on his hip while working.

1.3. HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS

Mr. Janudin slipped 15 feet from a ladder and fell on his hip while going down the

ladder after cleaned the boiler machine in the factory. His exhausted condition and slippery

ladder cause him to fell backwards and landed on his right buttock on a beam nearest the

boiler. After that he landed on his left side of his body. He did not manage to hold onto

anything for support since it happened unexpectedly. Upon falling down, he was still

conscious but felt numbness on his right leg for about 5 minutes before able to stand up. He

was alone during the incidence and after able to walk he continue his routine of work because

he think it was a simple fall since he’s not having any serious injury. He told his friends about

the fall after finished the works. However, the next day the felt pain over his lower limb and

it restricted his movement. He went to panel clinic and been given oral painkiller. He also

went for massage to reduce the pain. However, due to work load the pain progress and

become dull aching pain after 1 year. Sometimes, he felt numbness over the lower limb

especially right limb. Moreover, on mid June 2008 the other maintainer in the factory resign

and left him alone working in the factory. Thus, these increase his workload. After that he

often experience cramping of his lower limb especially on long walk. Instead of that he also

complaint of fecal incontinent and pain while staining to defecate. However he has no

problem to pass urine. His problems also affected his sleep where certain postures aggravate

the pain. After that he often went to panel clinic to get painkiller injection and be given off

work for few days. On June 2008 his injured his ring finger of left hand while cleaning

machine in the factory and hand X-ray was done at Tanjong Karang General Hospital. He do

asked his manager for light work but it was rejected. His request for X-ray from panel doctor

for his backache also delayed for few months. On July 2008 X-ray was done at Sungai Buluh

General Hospital suggesting vertebral problem. After that, with his own finances, he went to

private center for MRI and reported to have cervical and lumbar spondylosis with slipped

vertebral at lumbar 2 (L2). With this medical report he claims for early pension from

SOCSO.

1.4. PAST MEDICAL HISTORY

He has no relevant pass medical history or hospital admission.

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1.5. PAST SURGICAL HISTORY

He has no relevant pass surgical history

1.6. DRUG HISTORY

He does not take any kind of medication or any illegal drugs before he had the

accident. However, after his condition worsens, he is now on analgesic which was prescribed

by the doctor in order to reduce his lower limb pain.

1.1. ALLERGY HISTORY

He had known to be allergic towards red meat only.

1.2. FAMILY HISTORY

He is the fifth child of 8 siblings. His mother and father die due to old age. One f his

brother has abdomen cancer and dies at age 55year old. The other siblings were healthy.

He was married for 23 year and been given 4 children. All his children have asthma

during childhood.

1.3. SOCIAL HISTORY

He is a smoker who has been smoking 10 cigarettes a day since he was 18years old.

He never consumed alcohol. He starts working after finished SPM firstly as labour. He

was married for 23 year and been given 4 children. All his children have asthma. He used

to be active in sport like badminton and football before.

2.10- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

On inspection Mr. J was comfortable and alert. His vital signs were normal.

Examination of his lower limbs revealed that tone, power, reflex and sensation were reduced.

He also had difficulty walking and had to rely on a walking stick. The patient was also in

great pain during the examination of his lower limbs and therefore, the examination could not

proceed further. No abnormalities were detected in his upper limbs, where tone, power, reflex

and sensation were intact. Examination of the other systems proved unremarkable.

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CHAPTER 3- FAMILY DATA3.1- FAMILY MEMBERS

No. Family Member Age Gender Relation

1. Female Wife

2. Khairul Fahmi 21 Male Son

3. Nur Hazwani 19 Female Daughter

4. Khairul Nizan 15 Male Son

5. Khairul Aiman Male Son

3.2- SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

En. Janudin was a boiler maintainance worker. Before the fall, he was healthy. He

earned about RM 2200 monthly. He did not face any financial problems. After the fall, he

continued to work despite illness. Until one point, his deteriorating health condition disabled

him from working, as his work required him to walk around and involve some physical

activities. As a result, he had no income since July 2008 because he took medical leaves. As

the breadwinner, the lack of income posed a problem to the family. Luckily, his siblings were

willing to lend a helping hand. They help him financially by taking care of his family’s

monthly expenses. Besides, his son has just got an internship job and earned a monthly

allowance. This will help to sustain the family too.

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Below are the monthly family expenses:

Expenses Amount

Grocery RM 200

Food RM 300

Bills RM 80

Petrol RM 250

Home Loan RM 400

Parents RM 200

Children RM 200

Others RM 150

Total RM 1780

Balance RM 2200 – 1780 = 420

3.3- PATIENT’S PROFILE

Hobby

En. Janudin was an active person. He liked to play badminton, football and sepak takraw.

After the accident, he could not walk. As a result, he had to give up his hobbies and instead

rest at home.

Smoking

He was a chronic smoker. He started smoking at the age of 28. He smoked 5 sticks per day.

Alcohol Consumption

He did not consume alcohol.

Relationship with friends

All this while, he maintained a good relationship with his friends. They often hung out at the

nearby coffee shop. They used to play badmintons, football and sepak takraw together. Now

that En. Janudin had restricted movement, they were still good friends. His friends would

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drop by his home occasionally and visit him. This way, he would have the support of his

friends.

Relationship with family members

He had a strong relationship with family. He was a responsible man who took care of the

family well. After the fall, he had restricted movement. His family was vey supportive. They

gave him moral support and helped him to move around the house. Despite the illness, En.

Janudin was still strong emotionally. He did not vent his anger on his family members but

treated them just as nice.

Relationship with neighbours

His relationship with neighbours was good, as he used to get involved in the community

activities. The neighbours did show their concern over his condition. They sometimes came

to his house to send their regards.

Pre-morbid Post-morbid

Biological

function

- At work – works as a

handyman, takes care

of all machines in

workplace, no

assistants, works

alone.

- At home – helps out

with housework after

work, fixes broken

things.

- With spouse – shares

a happy marriage,

satisfied with sex life.

- With children – good

role model for

children, spends time

with them, takes them

- At work – has stopped

working since his condition

has deteriorated so much that

he cannot get up without

assistance, and has to walk

with crutches.

- At home – can only lie down

or sit around, is not able to

help out and the duty of taking

care of the household falls

onto the shoulders of his wife.

- With spouse – his wife is very

supportive, but he feels

stressed as he is a burden to

the family and they can no

longer enjoy their sex life as

they did before.

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for sports.

- With friends – plays

badminton regularly,

goes fishing once in a

while, eager to offer

helping hand when

necessary.

- With children – is not able to

spend time doing activities

like they used to in the past.

- With friends – sees friends

less, as he is incapable of

sports now. However his

friends still come to visit him

occasionally.

Psychological

function

He used to he a happy

and contented man, and

lead a generally stress-

free life.

He is stressed about his condition and

feels like a useless person. Besides

that, he also feels frustrated that he

cannot support his family, but instead

has become a burden to them.

Educational

function

He was not able to get

high paying jobs because

of his lack of a diploma,

yet he had always

believed in the

importance of a good

education, and had taught

his children well and had

high hopes and

confidence in children’s

education.

He still believes that a good education

is the only key to better lives for his

children, especially now that he has

had an occupational injury and cannot

take on light office jobs due to lack of

qualifications. He motivates his

children to pursue tertiary education

as they have the chance to do so.

Economical

function

- He used to be the sole

breadwinner of the

family, and even

though it wasn’t a

high salary he had

managed to put aside

some savings and

was able to provide

He has been on medical leave for

about six months before being

officially unemployed. During those

six months he did not receive any

salary and had only been living off

old savings, while paying off his

credit card debts as well. Till now he

has not gotten any form of

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well for the family.

He had also used his

credit card to

renovate house to

make it a more

comfortable home.

reimbursement yet, and he worries

about the future of his family should

the day their savings run out.

Family Attitude and Health Practice

Mr J and his family does not understand much about his condition, and also does not want to

undergo surgery, because they are afraid of the complications that might occur after surgery

and that he might become a paraplegic. He has not tried any form of traditional medications,

however his brother-in-law did bring him to a traditional masseuse before. Mr J claimed that

instead of making it better, the massage left him with more pain therefore he is not keen on

going again.

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CHAPTER 4- HOME VISIT4.1 INTRODUCTION

On November 6th, 2008, we made a visit to Mr. Januddin house in a housing area in

Bestari Jaya. Mr Januddin’s house is a double-storey house with porch and backyard. The

house is quite big as the length is about 45 feet and the width 50 feet. He is currently staying

with his wife and his children. The house is made of bricks and cements and the roof from

zinc. The neighborhood is quite peaceful and his family does mix around with people in the

neighborhood. The roads outside his house are paved. However, the exterior of the house was

not well lit as there were few street lamps. This increases the risk of accidents.

Photo: Exterior of the house.

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Photo: The neighbors on the left of his house.

Photo: His neighbor’s house which is much bigger.

4.2 INTERIOR OF THE HOUSE

There is a living room and a kitchen on the ground floor but there is no partition

between them. There are sofas, a television and washing machine in the living room. There

are two bedrooms on first floor.

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Photos: The living room and the kitchen. Both are connected.

The staircase is very steep and Mr Januddin complained of back pain when climbing

up the stairs. He used to sleep on first floor but since the accident, he does not climb the stairs

anymore.

He is currently staying on ground floor

Photo: The staircase leading to ground floor.

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4.3 TOILET AND BATHROOM

The toilet and bathroom are combined into one. It is in one corner of the living room.

It is clean but very small and the shower is right next to the toilet bowl. There is not much

space for movement. The toilet was squatting type with flush. Mr. Januddin claimed that his

back hurts when he goes to the toilet after the accident. The bathroom is well lit and there is a

window opening to the exterior of the house.

Photo: The toilet and bathroom are combined into one. It is clean but very small in

size.

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Photo: The toilet is squatting type and Mr Januddin complained of back ache when he uses it.

4.4 LIGHTING AND VENTILATION

Lighting and ventilation inside the house are fair. There is sufficient lighting to carry

out daily activities. Lighting in the bathroom is good. The ventilation was fair as there are

eight windows on ground floor. There is only one standing fan on ground floor and there is

one ceiling fan.

4.5 HEALTH AND HYGIENE

Generally, the house is clean and tidy. His wife does the house work and cleans the

house every day.

4.6 EXTERIOR OF THE HOUSE

There is a porch in front of the house and a small backyard in the house perimeter. Mr

Januddin’s wife plants flowers outside the house and the backyard with plants. However, the

front porch appeared untidy. The drains are clean but there are rubbishes being cluttered

outside the house. Generally, the exterior of the house is quite spacious and they parked their

motorcycle and his sons bicycle there. Their car is parked outside the house perimeter. The

exterior of the house also used by him to sit and relax, usually in the evening.

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Photo: Front view of the house with a porch.

Photo: place where En. Januddin relax on the evening

4.7 TRANSPORTATION

The family owns one motorcycle and a car. Due to expensive fuel price, they rarely

use the car. Mr. Tanabalan rides motorcycle to work daily. This might worsen his injury or

slows down his recovery process from his soft tissue injury. He was advised not to ride

motorcycle after the accident by the doctor. However, he did not heed the advice due to

financial constraints.

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CHAPTER 5- WORKPLACE5.1 BACKGROUND OF WORKPLACE

Our patient was working at Vasatech Sdn. Bhd., which is located at Lot 2993, Jalan

Bukit Badong, 45600 Batang Berjuntai, Selangor Darul Ehsan. This factory produces Low

Pressure Melamine (LPM) paper in Malaysia since early November 2000. Vasatech has

invested around RM25 - RM30 million in this venture, setting up a state-of-the-art facility

with a built-up area of 10,000 m2, located within a 20,000 m2 land area in Selangor,

Malaysia. Vasatech's standard product range includes LPM paper used in S/C press

lamination in the wood-based panel industry. In addition, it also produces overlay, underlay,

decor and balancing for the "Werzalt Process" and for production of wood-based laminate

flooring.

The workers involved both male and female workers. They are Malays and Chinese.

Vasatech Sdn. Bhd. provides a lot of beneficial services towards the workers. The medical

service includes medical check- up; which is provided for the workers every year. Apart from

that, the workers are thought on how to use the first aid kit. Other than that, the workers are

provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while they are working. The PPE

includes safety helmet, goggle, mask, ear plug, gloves and safety boots. The workplace is

kept clean by other workers who are hired to take care of the hygiene and cleanliness of the

workplace. Showers, changing rooms, canteen and praying room are also provided for the

workers.

5.2 IDENTIFICATION DATA OF WORKPLACE

Factory name : Vasatech Sdn Bhd

Factory address : Lot 2993, Jalan Bukit Badong,

45600 Batang Berjuntai,

Selangor Darul Ehsan.

Contact Numbers Tel : (60)3-32717833

Fax : (60)3-32717830

e-mail : info@vasatech.com.my

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5.3 BACKGROUND OF FACTORY

Vasatech Sdn. Bhd. began production of Low Pressure Melamine (LPM) paper in

Malaysia since early November 2000. Vasatech has invested around RM25 - RM30 million

in this venture, setting up a state-of-the-art facility with a built-up area of 10,000 m2, located

within a 20,000 m2 land area in Selangor, Malaysia.

5.3.1 Workers

Number of workers : 47 people

Sex : Male and female

Race : Malay and Chinese

5.4 VISION

To meet the need combining state-of-the-art technologies, integral competencies and astute vision I n

producing Low pressure melamine (LPM) paper.

5.5 MISSION

Value creation is by increasing market share, introducing new products and acquiring

complementary products.

5.6 SITE PLAN

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5.7 FLOW CHART OF FACTORY PROCESS : Resin Impregnated Paper Process

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Resin Impregnated Paper: Manufacturing Process Description

Paper Unwind Device

a) Decorative paper rolls are hung on this device for unwinding/feeding into the Paper

Treating Machine to commence process treatment.

Stage 1 Resin Impregnation

a) Local available commercial resin modified with chemicals/additives which is controlled

and dispensed by a computer program (PLC) at the Weighing/Dosing Station to a holding pan

to be used to impregnate paper.

b) The resin amount used is set based on paper specification and end application requirements

by varying the machine parameters.

c) As and when deemed needed, this machine component will be washed cleaned to resume

production and/or new product line. The washed water in general is nominal.

1st Drying Zone

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a) The impregnated paper is dried by hot air in the flotation dryer.

b) The air temperature is controlled to maintain the operating parameters and evaporation

rate.

2nd Stage resin Coating

a) A coat of special resin is coated onto the paper in accordance to end application

requirements by a special application roller.

b) Again, this resin formulation is done by the computer program (PLC) at the

Weighing/Dosing Station as in Stage 1 Resin Impregnation.

c) As and when deemed needed, this machine component will be washed cleaned to resume

production and/or new product line. Again, the washed water in general is nominal.

2nd Drying Zone

a) The treated paper is dried by a longer air flotation dryer.

b) Again, the air temperature is controlled to maintain evaporation rate and end application

requirements.

c) One of the treated paper's properties is brittleness and care is needed for handling.

Roll Rewind Device

a) The dried (treated) paper can be reeled up into rolls in accordance to customer

requirements by this device.

b) This device reeled up the paper with the most appropriate tension.

Sheet Cutter

a) Alternatively, the treated paper can be cut into sheets in accordance to customer

requirements.

Cold Storeroom

a) Owning to the treated paper inherent properties, it is placed in cold storeroom for

intermittent storage before shipment.

5.7 PRODUCTS

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1) Low Pressure Melamine (LPM) paper

- used in S/C press lamination in the wood-based panel industry.

2) Overlay, underlay, decor and balancing for the "Werzalt Process" and for production of

wood-based laminate flooring.

SERVICES

1) Medical service

- medical check- up (every year)

- panel clinic is Klinik Keluarga

- thought on how to use the first aid kit.

2) Hygiene & Waste Management

- Private company

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PROVIDED

• Safety helmet

• Goggle

• Full face mask

• Ear plug

• Gloves

• Safety boots

- Emergency shower

OTHER FACILITIES

• Praying room

• Toilet

• Canteen

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CHAPTER 6- OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACTOCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT

The Occupational Safety and Health Act is an Act which provides the legislative framework

to secure the safety, health and welfare among all Malaysian workforce and to protect others

against risks to safety or health in connection with the activities of persons at work.

This Act was gazetted on 24th February 1994 and may be cited as the Occupational Safety

and Health Act 1994. This Act is a practical tool superimposed on existing safety and health

legislation.

The aims of this Act are:

to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work against risks to safety or

health arising out of the activities of persons at work

to protect person at a place of work other than persons at work against risks to safety

or health arising out of the activities of persons at work

to promote an occupational environment for persons at work which is adapted to their

physiological and psychological needs

to provide the means whereby the associated occupational safety and health

legislation may be progressively replaced by a system of regulations and approved

industry codes of practice operating in combination with the provisions of this Act

designed to maintain or improve the standards of safety and health.

6.1 INTRODUCTION

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The provision of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 are based on the self-

regulation scheme. Its primary responsibility is to ensure safety and health of work lies with

those who create the risks and those who work with the risksAccording to the Occupational

Safety and Health act, all employers with more than 5 employees are required by the

legislation to formulate a written Safety and Health Policy.

Besides this, the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 specify the general duties

of employers, self-employed persons, manufacturers, designers, suppliers and employees.

The responsibilities or the lack of it of the parties involved in our case study will be further

discussed in the report. The Act also emphasize on the establishment of the safety and health

committee, the appointment of a safety and health officer and the enforcement, investigation

and offenses.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 is enforced by the Department of

Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), a government department under the Ministry of

Human Resources Malaysia, which will:

ensure through enforcement and promotional works that employers, self-employed

persons, manufacturers, designers, importers, suppliers and employees always practise

safe and health work culture, and always comply with existing legislation, guidelines

and codes of practice.

formulate and review legislation, policies, guidelines and codes of practice pertaining

to occupational safety, health and welfare as a basis in ensuring safety and health at

work.

be the secretariat to National Council for Occupational Safety and Health, a council

established under section 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994.

The National Council for Occupational Safety and Health shall have power to do all

things expedient or reasonably necessary for or incidental to the carrying out of the objects of

this Act.

6.2 SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY

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The written Safety and Health Policy as required by law includes The General Policy

Statement which concerns the overall responsibility of the employer to look after the safety

and health of the workforce. .

The written policy is divided into 3 main parts, namely :

General Policy Statement

Organization

Arrangements

The General Policy Statement concerns with the overall intent of the employer to look

after the safety and health of the workforce. This statement can be simple and brief.

The second part of the policy on Organization should describe the safety and health

responsibilities. This is primarily about the role of each person.

The Arrangements or final part of the written policy concerns with practical systems and

procedures. It deals mainly with potential hazards and measures to be taken to solve the

problem.

It is important that contents of the policy be made known to employees during induction

course and job training, an also to make sure that the policy statement should be displayed at

strategic locations in the workplace.

6.3 DUTIES AS AN EMPLOYER

Among others, an employer has a duty to ensure the proper practicable, the safety, health and

welfare at work for all your employees which includes:

To ensure that existing plant is up to the necessary standards with respect to safety

and risk to health and that, when new plant is installed, latest practice in safety and

health are taken into account.

To ensure a safe system at the workplace and minimize operations that present danger

of injury or health impairment. This may require special systems of work, such as the

"permit to work" system.

regularly monitor the work environment to ensure that, where known health hazards

are present, protection conforms to current health standards, including medical

surveillance of workers.

make arrangement for ensuring safety and health in connection with the use or

operation, handling, storage and transportation of plants and substances.

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ensure that no charge is levied on any employee for anything done or provided to

meet any specific requirement for safety and health at work.

prepare a written statement of general policy, organization and arrangements for

safety and health at work, keep it up-to-date by revision and inform all employees of

the notice and revision to the policy where applicable. This policy must be

implemented at workplace.

provide information, instruction, training and supervision in safe work practices and

consider specific training needs of your organization with particular reference to

processes with special hazards.

conduct your activities, so as to ensure that people other than your employees are not

exposed to risks to safety and health.

notify the nearest Department of Occupational Safety and Health office of any

accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning or occupational disease

which has occurred or is likely to occur at the place of work.

provide the Safety an Health Officer adequate facilities including appropriate

information and training equipment to enable Safety and Health Officer to conduct his

duties.

direct one or more supervisor to assist in any investigation conducted by the Safety

and Health Officer

cannot discriminate against any employee or dismiss an employee, injure him in his

employment or alter his position to his detriment by reason only that the employee

makes a complaint about a matter which he considers is not safe or is a risk to health.

6.4 DUTIES AS AN EMPLOYEE

It is important that contents of the policy be made known to employees for their

benefit and others.

The duties as a employee as stated in the policy is a below:

a) To take reasonable care at work for the safety of oneself and other persons

b) To cooperate with one’s employer or any other person in the discharge of any duty,

under the Act or Regulations

c) To wear or use at all times any protective equipment and clothing provided by your

employer for the purpose of preventing risks to your safety and health

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d) To comply with any instruction or measure on occupational safety and health as

required under the Act or Regulations

In our case study, he notified his employer about the lack of proper protective gear to

climb the ladder. However, no actions were taken as his complaints fell on deaf ears. In other

words, he did adhered to the rules stated by the Policy.

6.5 SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE AT WORKPLACE

Pursuant to section 30 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, every

employer shall establish a safety and health committee at workplace if there are 40 or more

persons employed at the place of work. The functions of the safety and health committee

include :

to keep under review the measures taken to ensure the safety and health of persons at

the place of work

investigate any matter at the place of work which a member of the committee or a

person employed thereat considers is not safe or is a risk to health and which has been

brought to the attention of the employer

attempt to resolve any matter referred to and if it is unable to do so, shall request the

Director General of Occupational Safety and Health to undertake an inspection of the

place of work for that purpose.

6.6 DUTIES OF A SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER

A safety and health officer shall advise employer on the measures to be taken in the interests

of safety and health at place of work.

Safety and health officer shall inspect place of work to determine any hazard liable to cause

bodily injury and to investigate any accident, near miss, dangerous occurrence, occupational

poisoning or disease.

It is also the duty of a safety and health officer to assist employer or safety and health

committee in organizing and implementing Occupational Safety and Health programme.

Other duties of a safety and health officer include:

* to become the secretary of a safety and health committee

to assist the safety and health committee in inspections

to collect, analyze and maintain statistics

to assist any officer in carrying his duty under the Act and regulations and

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to carry out any other instruction made by the employer on any matters pertaining to

safety and health at workplace.

6.7 DUTIES OF AN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER IN

CONDUCTION OF AN INSPECTION AT A WORKPLACE

An occupational safety and health officer shall take all reasonable steps to notify the

employer and the safety and health committee of the entry.

The occupational safety and health officer shall be produced on demand to the

employer or any person in charge of a place of work a certificate of authorization issued by

the Director General of the Occupational Safety and Health.

Upon concluding an inspection, an officer shall give to the employer and the safety

and health committee information with respect to his observations and any action he proposes

to take in relation to the place of work.

Where an officer proposes to take and remove a sample from a place of work for the

purposes of analysis, he shall notify the employer and the safety and health committee and

after having taken the sample he shall where possible:

divide the sample taken into as many parts as are necessary and mark and seal or mark

and fasten up each part in such a manner as its nature will permit

if required by the employer or the safety and health committee, deliver one part each

to the employer and the safety and health committee

retain one part for future comparison and

if an analysis of the sample is to be made, submit another part to an analyst for

analysis.

An occupational safety and health officer shall take all reasonable steps to notify the

employer and the safety and health committee of the entry.

CHAPTER 7- DISCUSSION ON MR. J’S CASE WITH RESPECT TO SOCSO

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SOCSO was established as a government department on 1st January 1971 to enforce

the Employees’ Social Security Act, 1969. The Social Security Organization applies to an

employee under a contract of service or apprenticeship earning RM3000 or less a month. In

our case study, Mr. J was earning RM2155 per month which makes him eligible to be

covered under the SOCSO act. There are two schemes under SOCSO, namely; the

Employment Injury Insurance Scheme (EIIS) and the Invalidity Pension Scheme (IPS). EIIS

provide protection to employees who are involved in accidents arising from out of

employment, occupational diseases and also travelling (commuting) accident. IPS provides

24-hours coverage to employees against invalidity and death due to any cause not connected

with employment before the age of 55 years.

The following is a brief summary of Mr. J’s application to SOCSO:

The following were benefits applied by Mr. J under SOCSO:

1. Invalidity Pension Scheme (IPS)

Mr. J applied for the IPS and was denied twice. This was because,

under this scheme, the employee has to be deemed as invalid by a Medical

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Had a fall from a ladder while maintaining the boiler.

12/06/06

Went to a private clinic complaining of backache and leg

pain.

Referred to Hospital Tanjong Karang

Appeared in front of the Medical Board and was found to be not

eligible for the IPS

12/06/06

9/08/06

29/11/07

Appealed to the Appellate Board and was again found to be

ineligible for IPS 5/02/08

Applied for temporary disablement benefits (under EIIS) 8/10/08

Board. There are various issues to be considered in this case. Firstly, the

accident happened in 2006 and whether the fall contributed to his condition

(Mr. J is diagnosed with cervical and lumbar spondylosis with slipped L2)

remains to be disputed. If indeed it was proven to be caused by the fall, Mr. J

should not apply for the IPS and instead should apply for the Permanent

Disablement Benefit under EIIS. This is because the IPS covers any invalidity

or death not connected to employment. Mr. J was fixing the boiler at the time

of his fall and therefore this was indeed related to his occupation. Secondly, to

be classified as an invalid, the patient has to demonstrate a disablement of a

permanent nature that is either incurable or not likely to be cured, as a result of

which an employee is unable to earn at least 1/3 of what a normally able

person could earn. Mr. J’s condition was progressive in nature and despite the

back and neck pain, he still went to work. Only when the pain aggravated, did

Mr. J applied for medical leave. Therefore, he was still able to earn his

monthly income for the duration after the accident and before the application.

Thirdly, the patient’s condition is not incurable- decompression surgery was

suggested to the patient but he refused.

2. Temporary Disablement Benefits

Temporary Disablement Benefits is defined as “a condition resulting

from an employment injury which requires medical treatment and renders an

employee, as a result of such injury, temporarily incapable of doing the work

which he was doing prior to or at the time of injury.” To be eligible for this

benefit, Mr J should be certified by a doctor to be unfit for work for not less

than 4 days including the day of accident. The benefit would include 80% of

the employee’s average monthly wage with the minimum of RM10 and the

maximum payable rate of RM 52.00 per day. Mr. J took the following number

of days off as a result of his medical condition:

Month (2008) No. of days off

June 2

July 7

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August 15

September 8

October 7

TOTAL 39

Therefore, Mr. J should receive the following amount:

Mr. J’s monthly salary = RM 2155

Daily wage = RM 2155 30

= RM 71.83

80 % of daily wage = RM 57.47

However, this exceeded the amount payable, which is RM52.00

Therefore, as Mr. J was on medical leave for 39 days he should receive

RM 52.00 × 39 = RM 2028.00

CHAPTER 8- RECOMMENDATIONS

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Our recommendations for Mr. J with respect to his SOCSO application include the

following:

1. Medical Benefits

Mr. J sought medical attention after his fall at his company’s panel clinic.

Under SOCSO’s Medical Benefits, Mr. J is eligible to obtain medical attention in

SOCSO’s panel clinics. In order to be eligible for free treatment, he is required to

bring along an Accident Report (Form 21) or identification and a letter from his

employer. If Mr. J initially receives treatment in SOCSO Panel Clinic, treatment must

be continued at the same clinic until recovery or unless he is referred to a government

hospital. In the event of serious injury, the treatment should be at the nearest

government hospital, where he is eligible for second class ward treatment. Therefore,

if Mr. J requires medical attention, he can obtain it for free at SOCSO’s panel clinics.

2. Undergo Decompression Surgery and Physiotherapy

Mr. J should consider surgery as this could potentially cure his condition. If

surgery or physiotherapy still fails to alleviate the patient’s condition, then he can

apply for the Permanent Disablement Benefits, and Rehabilitation Benefits.

3. Modifications on his home

Mr. J could change his squatting toilet into a sitting toilet as this would not

cause him back ache. Secondly, he could add railings to his stair case. This would

make it easier for him to climb the stairs as it offers some support.

4. Application for zakat

He can also apply for financial support from Pejabat Zakat Negeri Selangor to

support his monthly financial expenditure.

REFERENCES

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1. http://www.perkeso.gov.my

2. Pengurus pejabat PERKESO, 29 Jalan Setia Rawang 1, KM25 Jalan Ipoh, 48000

Rawang, Selangor.

3. www.osha.gov/

4. www.vasatech.com

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