bab 1: pengenalan pengantar pendidikan moral

8/13/2019 Bab 1: Pengenalan Pengantar Pendidikan Moral

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Pendidikan Moral:

PengenalanTan Bee Piang


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Moral: Teras Pendidikan

All education is in fact moral education

Pada dasarnya, pendidikan dilihatkan sebagaisuatu usaha manusia yang optimistik yang dicirikan

oleh cita-cita untuk mencapai kemajuan dankebaikan

Sepanjang sejarah manusia, mengajar kemoralandan menyampaikan nilai-nilai murni kepada murid-

murid, membantu murid-murid menjadi manusiayang berdisplin dan bertingkah laku baik, adalahsentiasa sebagai tujuan utama pendidikan.


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Hansen makes a distinction between moral

education and education as a moral endeavour.

He suggests that although many moral implications

of teaching are unintentional, teaching as anendeavour is inherently moral.

In contrast, moral education refers to the deliberate

teaching of particular values, attitudes, and

dispositions to stimulate the prosocial and moral

development of students.


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Moral education is incorporated in the formal

curriculum and taught as a single subject or should

be practiced as the integration of values across the

curriculum approach, cross-curricular activities,through formal or informal curriculum?


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Terdapat sesetengah maysarakar mengatakan

bahawa perkembangan konsep-konsep moral serta

cara membuat penaakulan akan diperolehi oleh

pelajar-pelajar dengan sendirinya menerusi

pengalaman yang di terima di rumah dan di sekolah.

Jika ini benar, kenapakah kita perlu mengadakan satu

program pendidikan moral yang formal di sekolah-sekolah?


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Terdapat dua pandangan yang berbeza terhadap

perlakasaan pendidikan moral, adaka pihak

berpendapat pengajaran moral haruslah sebagai

hidden curriculum, elemen pendidikan harus diterapmerentasi semua mata pelajaran dan kegiatan ko-

kurikulum.


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Namun, juga ada pihak yang menyokong

pendidikan moral perlu dijalan melalui mata

pelajaran yang formal, misalnya Wilson, beliau

mengatakan bahawa kemoralan mempunyaikemahiran mengikut penaakulan moral, emosi moral

dan tingkah laku moral yang seperti kemahiran

muzik, sains, sejarah dan kesusasteraan, boleh

diajar secara sistematik.


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Downey dan Kelly juga berpendapat

pembelajaran moral yang tidak formal adalah

tidak bercorak reflektif dan kritik.

In promote understanding, critical awareness and anappreciation of the need for knowledge and skills

of many kinds as a basis for making of autonomous

moral decisions that are sound and for thinking for

oneself, in the fullest possible way.


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Dalam pendidikan moral, pelajar dapat menyertai

perbincangan tentang isu-isu moral, ini membantu

pembentukan kefahaman dan kesedaran pelajar

yang luas terhadap kemorolan.


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Di masyarakat yang berlainan, pendidikan moraladalah penting untuk sebab-sebab yang berbeza.

Negara mengamalkan pendidikan moral/pendidikan agama mengikut keperluan negara danmasyarakat sendiri.


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Education of Value

The function of school, it was believed, was not onlyto make people smart but also to make them good.

Civic Education

Moral Education

Character Education

Value Education


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The Objective of Moral Education

Good character consists of knowing the good,

desiring the good, and doing the good. Schools

must help children understandthe core values, adopt

or commit to them, and then act uponthem in theirown lives.

( Lickona, Thomas The Return of Character

Education)


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Definisi Pendidikan Moral (Malaysia)

Pendidikan Moral ialah satu program yang mendidikmurid supaya menjadi insan yang bermoral atauberakhlak mulia dengan menekankan aspekperkembangan pemikiran moral,perasaan moral dan

tingkah laku moral. Moral Education is a subject in the form of a program

that educates students to become individuals who aremoral or good mannered. The moral program in

Malaysia stresses on the holistic development of theindividual and concerned with development of moralthinking, moral feeling and moral action.


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Pendidikan Moral KBSR

Pendidikan Moral KBSM


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Moral Education focuses on the effort to instill

spiritual and moral strength through experiential

and daily virtues of Malaysian society that is found

in religion, traditions and cultural rites of the variousraces in Malaysia.

Thus, students can build a way of life which enables

them to be moral individuals. This also enables them

to be socially and morally responsible towards any

decision or action taken.


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The Moral Education curriculum enables

students to:

1. understand and appreciate values which are needed to

be virtuous;

2. realize and accept the importance of harmony between

human beings and environment and make an effort to sustainit;

3. increase the understanding and cooperation by sustaining

a peaceful and harmonious life in a democratic Malaysia;

4. develop matured thinking based on moral and spiritual

values in making moral decisions and problem solving;

5. be initiative to act morally based on justice and altruistic

in line with the values of the Malaysia community.


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Bertanggungjawab pada diri, keluarga dan orang

lain;

Berpegang teguh pada ajaran agama;

Prihatin kepada alam sekitar;

Mengekalkan keamanan dan keharmonian hidup;

Bersemangat patriotik;

Menghormati hak asasi manusia; dan

Mengamalkan prinsip demokrasi dalam kehidupan


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Pendidikan Moral di Korea

Objectives:

"The formation of moral habits and good manners"

"The comprehension of moral norms and ideals

"The development of moral judgment and decision-making

"Building autonomous moral character" r


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Pendidikan Moral di Korea

Elementary schools:

First level, subject : "Right Life

Second level , subject : "Morals"

Middle schools "Morals

High School

Ethics


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Civics and Moral Education

(CME) in Singapore

The overarching goal of CME is to nurture a person

of good character, who is caring and acts

responsibly towards self, family, school, community,

nation and the world.

The CME syllabus focuses on six core values, namely

Respect,Responsibility, Integrity, Care, Resilience and

Harmony. These values complement and reinforce Our Shared

Values, the Singapore Family Values, the Singapore

21 Vision and the National Education messages.


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Character Education in America


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Bidang pembelajaran: KBSR

1. Nilai berkaitan dengan Perkembangan Diri

2. Nilai berkaitan dengan Diri dan Keluarga

3. Nilai berkaitan dengan Diri dan Masyarakat

4. Nilai berkaitan dengan Diri dan Alam Sekitar

5. Nilai berkaitan dengan Diri dan Negara


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Nature

World

Nation

Community

Family/School

Self

Nature

World

Nation

Community

Family/School

Self


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Who am I?

What are my values and beliefs? Do they make

me a person

of good character?

How do I apply my values and beliefs?

What are my goals? How meaningful are they?

How can I prepare myself for the future?

How do I relate to others and the environment?


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What are my roles and how can I contribute in

my family?

my community?

the nation?

the world?


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Who are we as a nation?

What constitutes our national identity?

What does our country mean to us?

How can we play our part in the globalcommunity?


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Bidang pembelajaran: KBSM

1. Nilai berkaitan dengan Perkembangan Diri

2. Nilai berkaitan dengan Kekeluargaan

3. Nilai berkaitan dengan Alam Sekitar

4. Nilai berkaitan dengan Patriotisme

5. Nilai berkaitan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia

6. Nilai berkaitan dengan Demokrasi

7. Nilai berkaitan dengan Keamanan dan

keharmonian


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ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES


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Obstacles faced include:

1. students do not know how to solve their own

problems;

2. students memorize, rather than understand what they

are taught; 3. students cannot apply what they learn to other

situations;


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Can Morality be Taught in School?

.but may I remind you that the problem facing

teacher is a very serious and deep one. Unless the

society in which they lived and work gives some

account of what it considers important in human lifethen teachers have no real framework in which to

operate


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Does Moral Education Improve Moral Judgment?

A student wrote to a local paper, After studying

this subject for five years in secondary school, I can

safely say that I have learnt nothing. How can

remembering the definitions of moral values makeyou a moral person? (Neorewarp, 2007).

Justifikasi moral melibatkan seseorang itu memberi

sebab-sebab yang munasabah tentang sesuatukeputusan moral.

How people define one or another course of action

in a situation as morally right?

Di ti f ti ith th ME i


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Dissatisfaction with the way ME is

taught and assessed


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All we need to know is understand the values and

answer according to the need of the exam paper. ME

is done. Why waste time with projects and homework?(16 year old girl)

Moral is boring. We study the same values over and

over again and then sit for this exam. But in real life,it is more complicated. (17 year old boy)


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ISU MORAL: KITA MEMBINCANGKAN

PERKARA YANG BUKAN KECIL, IAITU

BAGAIMANA KITA PATUT HIDUP


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Kepentingan Pendidikan Moral di Sekolah

Kemerosotan keyakinan dan kepercayaan terhadapnilai dan tradisi kebudayaan, adat resam dankeagamaan.

Too much on Professionally, economically,technologically.

Isu-isu moral dikalangan murid: seks sebelum kahwin,Isu buli.

Pendidkan Moral: Pengajaran nilai-nilai moral dengan lebih nyata dan

langsung.

Pemulih situasi.


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Bidang Pengetahuan

Falsafah Moral (Etika) Psikologi Sosiologi


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Falsafah Moral (Etika)

Perbincangan tentang andaian dan idea-idea

tentang betul, salah,patut,baik.

Teori Etika

To provide a systematic answer to the question ofhow we should behave


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Psikologi

Developmental psychology: The science that seeks

to understand the ways in which people change and

stay the same as they grow older

perkembangan kapasiti manusia untuk membuatpertimbangan moral sebagai agen moral yang

bertanggungjawab.

Teori Perkembangan Moral


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Sosiologi

Penilaian moral individu dari perspektif sosial.

personality shaped by society

socialisation as the social learning of beliefs and

behaviour typified by the individual's adaptationand conformity to social norms. This also includes

learning of expectations, habits, values, motives,

skills, beliefs that are necessary to interact withone's own social groups.

Sosialisasi dan Pembentukan Tabiat Moral

bab 1: pengenalan pengantar pendidikan moral

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