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FAKULTI

FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN DAN BAHASA

SEMESTER / TAHUN

MEI / 2013

KOD KURSUS

OUMH2203SMP

TAJUK KURSUS

ENGLISH FOR WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION (SMP)

NO. MATRIKULASI : 840320125139001

NAMA : SYAHRYZAL BIN OSMAN

NO. KAD PENGNEALAN : 840320 12 5139

NO. TELEFON : 012 - 8693424

E-MEL : [email protected]

PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN : SABAH LEARNING CENTRE
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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To : Director of Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

From : Manager of Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

Subject: Mobile phones can be the cause of social or medical problems

Mobile phones, commonly known as cell phones, are widely used across the world. Theyserve multiple purposes and have evolved from the brick-sized phones that were synonymouswith 1980s excess to the smart phone technology found in iPhones, Droid technology andtouchscreen displays. Parents use mobile phones to stay in contact with their children, business

people use them to keep the fiscal year running smoothly and friends keep in contact from coastto coast and nation to nation.

Billions of people in the world today realize how essential mobile phones are their lives.

Mobile phones have become a part of everyday life for many individuals and some could noteven manage to last an hour without them. This is also the fashion trend nowadays. If you do notown a cellular phone, you are not in. They turned out to be the personal dairies of a lot of people.Mobile phones have even become the timepieces as people are more likely to check the time intheir handsets. This device calculates, wakes people up, and reminds them of all occasions andappointments.

Mobile phone use is ubiquitous, although the alleged health effects of low level radio-frequency radiation (RFR) used in transmission are contentious. Following isolated reports of headache-like symptoms arising in some users, a survey has been conducted to characterize the

symptoms sometimes associated with mobile phone usage. A notice of interest in cases was placed in a major medical journal and this was publicized by the media. Respondents wereinterviewed by telephone using a structured questionnaire. Forty respondents from diverseoccupations described unpleasant sensations such as a burning feeling or a dull ache mainlyoccurring in the temporal, occipital or auricular areas. The symptoms often began minutes after

beginning a call, but could come on later during the day. The symptoms usually ceased within anhour after the call, but could last until evening. Symptoms did not occur when using an ordinaryhandset, and were different from ordinary headaches. There were several reports suggestive of intra-cranial effects. Three respondents reported local symptoms associated with wearing their mobile phone on their belts. There was one cluster of cases in a workplace. Seventy-five per centof cases were associated with digital mobile phones. Most of the respondents obtained relief byaltering their patterns of telephone usage or type of phone. Cranial and other diverse symptomsmay arise associated with mobile phone usage. Physicians and users alike should be alert to this.Further work is needed to determine the range of effects, their mechanism and the possibleimplications for safety limits of RFR.


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Communication

The most obvious benefit of cell phones for youth is their ability to help teens communicate.Although this can be a disadvantage, it is frequently an advantage. A teenager who owns a cell

phone is always able to call her parents. If she's at a party or a friend's house and finds herself in

an uncomfortable or inappropriate situation, she doesn't have to find the landline or ask permission to use the phone; she can always call her parents from anywhere, at any time. This iseven more valuable in situations where a landline might not be accessible, such as when her car

breaks down or she has an accident. For her parents, knowing that their child can easilycommunicate with them at any time offers peace of mind. In addition, most cell phones allowusers to make long-distance calls for free, making it easier for youth to regularly stay in touchwith distant friends and family members. Mobiles are of use to the elderly and handicapped, aswell. Like for example, the visually impaired have their "talking mobile phones" wherein theycan read the text messages. These special talking mobile phones are feature phones installed withsoftware to make it "talk". Since the unit talks, the visually impaired can read his messageswithout having a sighted person read it for him. Mobile phones also provide the user theconfidence to get out and go places because they know they can avail assistance if needed. Thecost of the mobile phones is similar to other models of communication. If you can have a family

plan, your expense for monthly cell phone service can be much cheaper than the cost for usinglandline service. You can have the chance to call anytime, anywhere.

Safety

One of the most remarkable values of mobile phones is during emergencies, may it big or small.We never know when we or our loved ones may need to make an emergency phone call. Insituations when finding public phone is difficult, mobiles are the answer to your need. Thesedevices are also very functional for businesspeople and trading companies because they caneasily get in touch with their clients. A cell phone provides users access to emergency serviceson the road or any place when an emergency occurs. The fire department, the police andambulance services are only a phone call away when you are carrying a cell phone. Parents haveaccess to teenagers when they are away from home. Phones equipped with GPS technology canhelp parents locate the phone a child is carrying to pinpoint the whereabouts of children inemergency situations.

Convenience

Cell phones have given users the ability to contact family and friends and be accessible to calls atany time from any location. The cell phone allows users to carry contacts with them wherever they go. A cell phone user can change dinner plans, let the family know when he's running late


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or call for a ride when he's stranded. Applications for cell phones also deliver text reminders totake medications and keep track of calories for a healthier lifestyle. Cell phones can store musicand photos, take pictures and send email.

Distraction

Along with all of the conveniences of cell phones, they do come with some drawbacks. Onedisadvantage that can cause serious problems is the distraction that cell phones cause. Driverstalking on cell phones pay less attention to the road and can cause serious accidents. Teenagersusing cell phones in school to text classmates can become distracted by the phone and fail to payattention in class. Children and teenagers may use cell phones to cheat during examinations aswell.

Engagement and Education

Cell phones have also been leveraged as an important tool for youth engagement, especially indeveloping countries and rural areas. In places where youth are less likely to have access to theInternet or landline phones, cell phones are becoming a way for them to connect with the globalworld and give their opinions on issues that affect them. For example, a radio program inBurundi in 2009 allowed marginalized rural youth to share their opinions on public policyquestions, using cell phones to call in to the radio show. Some teachers and campuses are

beginning to take advantage of the educational potential of cell phones. On some college

campuses, students can organize their schedules and take quizzes through their phones. Somehigh schools take advantage of educational games for cell phones. Educators can also teachstudents how to use their phones as research tools, which encourages youth to take moreinitiative in their own learning. Both SMS and calls are exploited by business people to marketand promote their products. Through mobiles, one can do finances updates and banking thesedays. They help find out the latest news through text messages sent by means of subscribing tocertain services. There are mobile phones that provide you the information such as names,number, and even the exact map of who is calling you.

Cell phones have over the last few years, come to be seen as an essential part of daily life.Some people are even known to suffer serious bouts of anxiety upon realizing that they have lefttheirs at home. And they have truly made life easier for most people in many ways. Yet for alltheir goodness, cell phones come with a number of sticky points. Here, for instance, we firstexplore the not so flattering health effects of cell phone use before turning to some positivehealth effects they may have.


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A significant number of road accidents occurring today arise out of cell phone usagewhile driving (or otherwise using a road). And according to a widely published study by UtahUniversitys Frank Drews an d Dennis Couch, driving while using a cell phone is as bad asdriving while drunk! In other simpler words, a persons chances of incurring a nasty crash whiledriving and talking on a cell phone at the same time are just as high as would be the case if theywere drink-driving; a true fact that still baffles many people. The ultimate cause of these cell

phone linked accidents is to be found in the distraction that mobile phone usage inevitably comeswith.

Brain cancer link : this is still subject of speculation, but as things are, the speculation (inthe scientific community) is too strong to be just ignored. Results from ongoing studies seem tosuggest that the low level frequency that comes with cell phone usage may have a correlationwith incidence of brain cancer. And so convinced are a number of people this correlation that weeven had, in 1992, a famous case filed by one David Reynard; looking for legal redress on thegrounds that cell phone usage had caused his wifes de ath by brain cancer. Ultimately, it is hardto say for sure that cell phone usage can cause brain cancer, but it is something to think aboutand may be a nudge to consider using the landline more for calls that can be routed there.

The cell phone mast as a health hazard : serious concerns have been raised about thehealth effects of the cell phone transmitter masts, which have to be there for cell phonecommunication to take place. Now, there is concurrence in the scientific community that the lowlevel radio frequency exposure that cell phone usage at an individual level comes with may not

be strong enough to cause major health problems. But it has been pointed that the exposure fromcell phone masts for those living near them may be strong enough to cause major health

problems. The mechanisms via which this can happen include through the thermal effects of the radio frequency, which can in turn cause problems such as headaches, sleep disturbances andfatigue. Due to this concern, many jurisdictions have imposed strict regulations on the sitting of

base transmitter stations.

The cell phone has completely changed our world. It has improved our ways of living personally, business wise, and school wise. It completely changed the way individualscommunicate between each other and it allows you to contact anyone no matter what your location may be. With over 3.4 bullion cell phone users around the world, they are even more

popular than computers, and with an even bigger impact than the Internet. The main ways thatcell phones changed our world are by adding mobility, advanced technology, cheaper longdistance calling, a better safety net, and also the fact that they are a constantly evolving device.With a land line telephone you had to be calling from home or an area that was close to the

phones dock, and with the addition of cell phones you are now able to contact someone fromanywhere as long as there is service available. With cell phones ever advancing technology, itis safe to say that their capabilities of accessing the internet and sending and receiving textmessages changed the world as well. This changes the way individuals communicate, allowingthem to type something and send it to someone, instead of talking on a phone in an inappropriate


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place for talking on a cell phone. Also, being able to access the Internet helps business professionals drastically. This enables them to send out emails directly from their phone, and nothave to carry around a heavy laptop all of the time. Applications for smartphones, are another way that cell phones have changed the world. Instead of carrying around GameBoys as children,they are now choosing to carry around cell phones since they are able to play games, in additionto do other things, on them. Another point to touch on is pricing. Cell phones have drasticallychanged the costs of long distance calls. Long distance calls from land lines cost additional

prices, where as cell phones cost the same set price for both local calls and long distance calls.However, one of the greatest features of a cell phone, is the safety net it provides. Whenever weare in an emergency and need to contact someone immediately, a cell phone enables us to do so.So many people are saved this way, whether it be an emergency happening to you, or justsomething you witness passing by. Before cell phones, police were not notified nearly as quick as they are now. Also, cell phones are equip with an internal GPS allowing police to track youand find you in case of an emergency. Today, the cell phone is almost necessary to live in our

society, and with the constant evolution of cell phones, I am sure that communicating will onlyget easier as time goes on.

By analysis we came to know that mobile phone have both positive and negative aspect.We cannot live without its help. We need them in each and every step so that we can perform our work smoothly and efficiently. Like, with the help of mobile phone we can also call whoever wewish and ask about last minute things. We may take pi ctures at anytime in case we dont have adigital camera. We have the ability to communicate instantly in an emergency. If we have a good

plan, we dont need a home phone. Cell phones are good to carry if you break down somewhere. New phones have calendars, and planners and alarms so you can get rid of all three.

Having mobile phone it can cause many problems. One in particular, they need to becharged almost every day in order to work so it wont run out of batteries. Mobile phones saveour time but we should try to use the mobile in good things only not in bad one. But today themobile phone has been used in unnecessary work also and has been over utilized. It is onetechnology which has enhanced our lifestyle not overcome us. We should take benefits of severalinnovations of this technology in this globalized world. Mobile phone in a way is verydemanding and is getting its place in the market regularly no matter it changes its features, priceand others.

In conclusion mobile phones are easily acceptable new trend and it plays a vital role for every individuals.


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References

Aoki, K., & Downes, E. J. (2003). An analysis of young peoples use of and attitudes toward cell

phones. Telematics and Informatics, 20, 349-364.

Banjo et al. (2008). Cell Phone Usage and Social Interaction with Proximate Others: Ringing in aTheoretical Model. The Open Communication Journal, 2, 127-135

Bianchi, A., & Phillips, J.G. (2005). Psychological Predictors of Problem Mobile Phone Use.

CyberPsychology & Behavior. Volume 8, Number 1, 2005.

Bugeja, M. (2005). Interpersonal divide. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Jee Hyun Ha, Bumsu Chin, Doo-Heum Park, Seung-Ho Ryu, Jaehak Yu. Characteristics of

Excessive Cellular Phone Use in Korean Students. CyberPsychology & Behavior. December 1,2008, 11(6): 783-784.

Kamibeppu, K., & Suguira, H. (2005). Impact of the mobile phone on junior high-school

students friendships in the Tokyo metropolitan area.

Kawasaki, N., Tanei, S., Ogata, F., Burapadaja, S., Loetkham, C., Nakamura, T., et al. (2006).Survey on cellular phone usage on students in Thailand. Journal of Physiological

Anthropology, 25, 377-382.

Ling, R. (1999a). I am happiest by having the best: The adoption and rejection of mobiletelephony. R&D Report, (15). Kjeller, Norway, Telenor.


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Shereen N. & Rozumah B. (2009). Mobile Phone use Amongst Students in a University inMalaysia: Its Correlates and Relationship to Psychological Health. European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.37 No.2 (2009), pp.206-218.

Van den Bulck, J. (2003). Text messaging as a cause of sleep interruption in adolescents,

evidence from a cross-sectional study. Journal of Sleep Research, 12(3).

Vercillo, K. (2009). 10 Health Problems People Say Are Caused by Mobile Phones. Retrieved onJuly 7, 2013 from http://www.dialaphone.co.uk

(2005, December 2). World Health Organization: What are the health risks associated withmobile phones and their base stations? Retrieved on July 7, 2013 from www.who.int

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