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SATILIBATNER ,SATILIBAVLOS ,SATIDIUKIL OISAR SISILANA“ RUKUGNEM KUTNU AJRENIK ”NAAHASUREP

.kbT utaR akitsuM .TP adaP susaK idutS

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

isnatnukA idutS margorP

: helO

ucraM ahtidumarP gnanA s

MIN : 750411280

ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

102 3

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

SATILIBATNER ,SATILIBAVLOS ,SATIDIUKIL OISAR SISILANA“ RUKUGNEM KUTNU AJRENIK ”NAAHASUREP

.kbT utaR akitsuM .TP adaP susaK idutS

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

isnatnukA idutS margorP

: helO

ucraM ahtidumarP gnanA s

MIN : 750411280

ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP IMONOKE SATLUKAF


ATRAKAYGOY

102 3


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM

.A ottoM

........salam gnades nial gnaro taas id halajrekeB

......ilakes amas kadit adapirad kiab hibel lagag abocneM

it atik akij ,atik bisan haburem naka kadit nahuT kutnu ahasureb uam kad......aynhaburem

.B nahabmesreP

:kutnu nakhabmesrepid ini nasiluT

agomes tikas gnades gnay ukubi kutnu amaturet ,ukagrauleK

...hubmes sakel

tabahas atres nameT - ....uktabahas

.....aynnakhutubmem gnay kahip huruleS

yllev ,anre ,ati ,irre ,aksis retsus :ispirks kopmolek nameT ,nii ,

.....araggnu ,ahduy ,iksir ,iwed


v


IMONOKE SATLUKAF

ISNATNUKA NASURUJ - ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP

ISPIRKS SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

ayas ispirks awhab nakataynem ayas ,ini hawabid nagnatadnatreb gnaY

:luduj nagned ,SATILIBAVLOS ,SATIDIUKIL OISAR SISILANA

susaK idutS NAAHASUREP AJRENIK RUKUGNEM KUTNU SATILIBATNER

nakujamid nad kbT utaR akitsuM .TP adaP ijuid kutnu 3102 iraunaJ 41 laggnat

.ayas ayrak lisah halada

s ini nagneD ks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem aya ayas gnay ispir

halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro irad naigab uata ayrak taumem kadit ini silut

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk malad naktubesid

3102 iraunaJ 13 ,atrakaygoY ,naataynrep taubmem gnaY

ahtidumarP gnanA sucraM


iv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

:amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawabid nagnatadnatreb gnaY

ahtidumarP gnanA sucraM : amaN

750411280 : MIN

mli nagnabmegnep imeD naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep u

:ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

ajreniK rukugneM kutnU satilibatneR nad ,satilibavloS ,satidiukiL oisaR sisilanA

.)kbT utaR akitsuM .TP adaP susaK idutS( naahasureP

imed nagneD amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naahasureP adapek nakirebmem ayas naik

malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu kah

nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad nalakgnep kutneb kadit

aynnakisakilbupmem nial aidem uata tenretni id kutnu simedaka nagnitnepek ulrep

.silunep irad nizi atnimem

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

3102 iraunaJ 13 laggnat adaP ,nakataynem gnaY



iiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK

ijuP rukuys suseY adapek nad takreb nakhapmilem halet gnay sutsirK

tamhar - SISILANA luduj nagned ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes ayN

RUKUGNEM KUTNU SATILIBATNER ,SATILIBAVLOS ,SATIDIUKIL OISAR

.TP adap susak iduts nakapurem ini ispirkS .NAAHASUREP AJRENIK TAKGNIT

tsuM anajras raleg helorepmem tarays utas halas nakapurem atres ,.kbT utaR aki

.atrakaygoY ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,isnatnukA idutS margorP imonoke

nanarep irad sapelret kadit ajas utnet ini ispirks naiaseleynep sesorp malaD

reb sulut nagned gnay kahip iagab hki nad ,isavitomem ,gnibmibmem ,utnabmem sal

amiret nakpacugnem silunep ,uti anerak helO .silunep adapek nagnukud nakirebmem

rasebes gnay naagrahgnep nad hisak - :adapek aynraseb

.1 rD kapaB iS.M ,ojdiraM yrreH . ., satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF nakeD ukales

tanaS .amrahD a

.2 idutS margorP auteK ukales ,.A.I.Q ,.tkA ,.iS.M ,onoyidrapuS ,P.Y .srD kapaB

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU isnatnukA

.3 inairpA aisiL , ,.E.S iS.M . ,AIQ ,.tkA , halet gnay gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales

nih silunep gnibmibmem nad utnabmem malad utkaw nakgnaulem agg

.ini ispirks aynnakiaselesret

.4 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,imonokE satlukaF rajagnep nesod panegeS

.atrakaygoY

.5 tairaterkes nawayrak panegeS naakatsuprep nad satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS

.6 Y amrahD atanaS JEB kojoP nawayrak huruleS .atrakaygo

.7 gnay nagnukud nad ,aod ,tagnames nakirebmem halet gnay atnicret ukagrauleK

.silunep adapek raseb utigeb

.8 kahip huruleS - .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP kahip

.9 nameT - nagnukud nakirebmem nad utnabmem halet gnay 8002 isnatnukA namet

sesorp malad silunep adapek .ini ispirks naiaseleynep

.01 nameT - nad tagnames nakirebmem ulales gnay A51 .oN omorB gnaG sok namet

.isavitom


iiiv

.11 nameT - amas gnay TPM salek utas namet - naujreb nad amas ajrekeb amas g malad

.ispirks nakiaseleynem

.21 aktubes silunep tapad kadit gnay kahip iagabreb naD halet gnay ,utas rep utas n

.ini ispirks naiaseleynep malad utnabmem

helO .naanrupmesek irad huaj hisam ini ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP

ini ispirks kutnu acabmep irad naras nad kitirk nakparahgnem silunep ,uti anerak

ilunep atak rihkA .kiab hibel raga taafnam nakirebmem tapad ini ispirks parahreb s

.nakhutubmem gnay kahip aumes igab

,atrakaygoY 3102 iraunaJ 13

siluneP



xi

ISI RATFAD

namalaH

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ........................... i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ .............. ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ............. ii i

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ......... vi

SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP NAMALAH .......................... v

NAMALAH ISAKILBUP NAATAYNREP ................................ ...................... iv

RATNAGNEP ATAK NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ... iv i

ISI RATFAD NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .................. ix

LEBAT RATFAD NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ......... xi

RATFAD NAMALAH RABMAG ................................ ................................ .... xii

NARIPMAL RATFAD NAMALAH ................................ ................................ . iix i

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... xiv

CARTSBA T ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... xv

I BAB NAULUHADNEP ................................ ................................ ............ 1

.A ataL halasaM gnakaleB r ................................ .............................. 1

.B halasaM nasataB ................................ ................................ .......... 3

.C naitileneP nasumuR ................................ ................................ ..... 4

.D naitileneP taafnaM nad naujuT ................................ .................... 4

.E nasiluneP akitametsiS ................................ ................................ .. 5

II BAB IROET NASADNAL ................................ ................................ ........ 7

.A nagnaueK naropaL ................................ ................................ ....... 7

.1 nagnauek naropal naitregneP ................................ ................ 7

.2 nagnauek naropal naujuT ................................ ...................... 7

.3 ggneP nagnauek naropal anu ................................ ................. 9

.4 taafnaM nagnauek naropal ................................ .................... 01

.5 nagnauek naropal nasataB ................................ ..................... 11

.6 tkaraK nagnauek naropal kitsire ................................ ............ 21

.7 kutneB - nagnauek naropal kutneb ................................ .......... 31

.8 nagnauek naropal sisilanA ................................ .................... 16


x

.9 al sisilana naujuT op nagnauek nar ................................ ......... 16

.01 auek naropal sisilana nahameleK nagn ................................ .. 18

.B nagnaueK oisaR sisilanA ................................ ............................ 19

.1 na naitregneP nagnauek naropal asila ................................ .... 19

.2 ujuT nagnauek naropal asilana na ................................ .......... 02

.3 K k oisar asilana nahamelek nad nahibele nagnaue ............... 22

.C naahasureP nataheseK takgniT ................................ .................... 25

.D alakreB ataD sisilanA )seireS emiT( ................................ ............ 27

III BAB P EDOTEM NAITILENE ................................ ................................ 03

.A naitileneP utkaW nad isakoL ................................ ....................... 03

.B naitileneP sineJ ................................ ................................ ........... 03

.C ataD rebmuS nad ataD ................................ ................................ . 13

.D ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT ................................ .......................... 32

.E lebairaV lanoisarepO isinifeD ................................ ..................... 33

.F ataD sisilanA kinkeT ................................ ................................ .. 34

VI BAB NAAHASUREP MUMU NARABMAG ................................ ......... 39

.A harajeS .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP ................................ ................... 39

.B ogoL naahasureP ................................ ................................ .......... 14

.C naahasureP isiM isiV ................................ ................................ ... 42

.D isasinagrO rutkurtS .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP ................................ 43

.E sineJ - kudorP sineJ .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP ................................ .. 44

V BAB NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA ................................ ...... 47

.A sisilanA nagnaueK oisaR ................................ ............................. 47

.B dnerT sisilanA ................................ ................................ .............. 54

IV BAB PUTUNEP ................................ ................................ ......................... 77

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ .................. 77

.B reteK naitileneP nasatab ................................ ............................... 78

.C naraS ................................ ................................ ............................ 78

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ .......................... 97

NARIPMAL 18 .........................................................................................................


ix

LEBAT RATFAD

namalaH

/abaL naropaL nahalO ataD : 1 lebaT R uM .TP acareN nad igu kbT utaR akits .. 49

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP nagnaueK oisaR nagnutihreP lisaH : 2 lebaT .................. 05

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP naahasureP dnerT sisilanA nasakgniR : 3 lebaT ............. 47


iix

RABMAG RATFAD

namalaH

: 1 rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR hsaC kbT utaR akitsuM .TP ......................... 55

: 2 rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR tnerruC kbT utaR akitsuM .TP .................... 57

: 3 rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR kciuQ kbT utaR akitsuM .TP ........................ 58

maG ab 4 r : dnerT kifarG oitaR tessA latoT oT latipaC gnikroW akitsuM .TP

kbT utaR ................................ ................................ ........................ 06

: 5 rabmaG dnerT kifarG beD latoT oitaR tessA oT t kbT utaR akitsuM .TP .. 62

: 6 rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR ytiuqE tbeD latoT kbT utaR akitsuM .TP ..... 46

: 7 rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR tnemsevnI nO nruteR kbT utaR akitsuM .TP 66

: 8 rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR ytiuqE nO nruteR R akitsuM .TP kbT uta ..... 68

: 9 rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR nigraM ssorG kbT utaR akitsuM .TP .......... 07

: 01 rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR nigraM teN kbT utaR akitsuM .TP ............... 27


iiix

NARIPMAL RATFAD

namalaH

utaR akitsuM .TP nagnaueK oisaR nagnutihreP lebaT : 1 NARIPMAL kbT ...... 18

aT : 2 NARIPMAL nagnutihreP leb kbT utaR akitsuM .TP dnerT sisilanA ......... 68

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP nagnaueK naropaL : 3 NARIPMAL ................................ 69

naitileneP nagnareteK taruS : 4 NARIPMAL kbT utaR akitsuM .TP irad ........... 501


vix

KARTSBA

SATILIBATNER ,SATILIBAVLOS ,SATIDIUKIL OISAR SISILANANAAHASUREP AJRENIK RUKUGNEM KUTNU

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP adaP susaK idutS

ahtidumarP gnanA sucraM amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

atrakaygoY 3102

treb ini naitileneP naahasurep nagnauek ajrenik iuhategnem kutnu nauju

halada naitilenep sineJ .satilibatner nad ,satilibavlos ,satidiukil takgnit irad uajnitid nakanugid gnay atad nalupmugnep kinkeT .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP adap susak iduts

.isatnemukod halada kanugid gnay ataD acaren nad igur abal naropal halada ini sisilana malad na

.0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad kbT utaR akitsuM .TP naahasurep oisar sisilana halada nahalasamrep bawajnem kutnu nakanugid gnay atad sisilanA

edotem nagned dnert sisilana nad nagnauek ael s ts erauq . atad sisilana lisah iraD iuhatekid nakukalid gnay .TP naahasurep oisar

nupuam nakianek isautkulf imalagnem ulales nuhat tapme amales kbT utaR akitsuM .oisar ialin nanurunep dnert sisilana malaD kitsuM .TP naahasurep ajrenik kbT utaR a

libmes ada naamasrep adap fitisop b ialin ikilimem gnay nagnauek ajrenik lebairav na :utiay )nakianek imalagnem( dnert sirag gnikroW ,oitaR kciuQ ,oitaR tnerruC

,oitaR ytiuqE ot tbeD latoT ,oitaR tessA ot tbeD latoT ,oitaR tessA latoT oT latipaCI no nruteR fo etaR teN nad ,oitaR nigraM ssorG ,ytiuqE no nruteR fo etaR ,tnemsevn

.oitaR nigraM itagen b ialin ikilimem nagnauek ajrenik lebairav utas nakgnadeS f utiay )nanurunep imalagnem gnurednec( oitaR hsaC .


vx

TCARTSBA

DNA ,YTILIBAVLOS ,YTIDIUQIL FO SISYLANA EHT ER YTILIBATN ECNAMROFREP YNAPMOC EHT ERUSAEM OT OITAR

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP fo ydutS esaC

atihdumarP gnanA sucraM ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS

atrakaygoY 102 3

eht tuo dnif ot demia si hcraeser sihT laicnanif ecnamrofrep eht fo ynapmoc hguorht eht los ,ytidiuqil yduts esac a saw hcraeser sihT .level ytilibatner dna ytilibav

iht fo euqinhcet gnirehtag atad ehT .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP fo saw hcraeser stnemucod noita .

saw sisylana siht ni desu atad ehT morf derehtag tnemetats ssol dna tiforp ehtecnalab ynapmoc eht dna ehT .0102 ot pu 7002 morf kbT utaR akitsuM .TP fo troper

a atad desu sisylan gnisu yb sisylana dnert dna sisylana oitar ecnanif eht saw tsaels erauq .dohtem

T eh tluser R akitsuM .TP fo oitar ynapmoc eht taht dnuof ruof ni kbT uta sraey saw doirep itautculf ev . roF selbairav enin erew ereht sisylana dnert eht dah taht

evitisop b ( enil noitauqe dnert eht ni eulav snaem ni saerc gni tnerruC :erew yehT .) ,oitaR tessA ot tbeD latoT ,oitaR tessA latoT ot latipaC gnikroW ,oitaR kciuQ ,oitaR

oitaR ytiuqE ot tbeD latoT ,ytiuqE no nruteR fo etaR ,tnemtsevnI no nruteR fo etaR ,moc laicnanif eht fo eno ,saerehW .oitaR nigraM teN dna ,oitaR nigraM ssorG ynap

dah elbairav ecnamrofrep evitagen b .oitaR hsaC saw taht ,)esaerced ot dednet( eulav


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

nagniasreP .tatek nikames hadus gnarakes ahasu ainud nagnabmekreP

kutnu naahasurep utaus ucimem naka ini tatek nikames gnay malad iadnap hibel

.adebreb gnay kudorp isavoni taubmem nad nakrawanem naujutreb ini laH

s uti nialeS .gniasreb nad nalajreb suret tapad naahasurep ayapu , tapad aguj ini

naujutreb ayad naktakgninem ,lanoisan imonoke rutkurts hokokrepmem kutnu

natapmesek nad ,ajrek nagnapal saulrepmem ,lanoisan naimonokerep nahat

gnabmekreb gnorodnem atres ahasu id nataigek ayn rotkes iagabreb

nagned nakpatnamid lanoisan irtsudni nanugnabmeP .aynnial nanugnabmep

nagned aisenodnI asgnab helo ikilimid gnay ayad rebmus nakanugayadnem

upmam aggnihes imonoke satilibats igab aynkapmad nakitahrepmem ulales

id gniasreb ap .iregen raul nad iregen malad ras

t nad ajreniK hesek takgni naahasurep nata utas halas nakapurem kalot

ruku nakanugid tapad gnay upmam naahasurep anam huajes uatnamem kutnu

agajnem pudih nagnusgnalek aynisarepo naracnalek nad surah aguj rejanaM .

hamem tapad isidnok aynrasad adap anerak aynnaahasurep nagnauek isidnok ima

.nahurulesek araces naahasurep pudih nagnusgnalek ihuragnepmem nagnauek

kutnu ruku kalot idajnem gnay gnitnep rotkaf nakapurem aguj nagnauek isidnoK

gajnem upmam naahasurep anamhuajes uatnamem raga aynisarepo naracnalek a

nagnauek isidnok nad naahasurep natahesek takgnit iuhategneM .uggnagret kadit


2

gnay anacner nusuynem kutnu nasutupek libmagnem tapad rejanam naahasurep

hupmetid ini amales gnay nakajibek hakapa isaulavegnem tapad nad kiab hibel

.muleb uata tapet hadus

ialinem malaD uata ajrenik tapad naahasurep utaus natahesek takgnit

nagnauek naropal sisilana nakukalem arac nagned nakukalid nagned

.oisar nagnutihrep nakanuggnem isamrofni aidem nakapurem nagnauek naropaL

helo nakanugid gnay surep isisop nad naadaek nakropalem kutnu naaha

kahip adapek aynnagnauek - kahip .nagnitnepekreb gnay gnay isamrofni aparebeB

isisop isamrofni pukacnem nial aratna nagnauek naropal malad nakijasid

nad naahasurep sak narila ,naahasurep ajrenik ,naahasurep nagnauek isamrofni

reb gnay nial .nagnauek naropal nagned natiak

yapu malaD nagnauek naropal anuggnep nasutupek nataubmep kutnu a

nakanuggnem aynsurahes nagnauek naropal sisilanagnem upmam gnay tala utaus

helo nakijasid gnay ,naahasurep adaek iuhatekid tapad aggnihes nad na

.aynnagnauek nagnabmekrep ini naitilenep adaP nad ajrenik iuhategnem kutnu

naahasurep nagnauek naropal nagnabmekrep , gnay oisar sisilana nakanugid

halada r oisa l kutnu naahasurep naupmamek takgnit utiay ,satidiuki ihunemem

pid surah gnay aynnabijawek nakkujnunem nial atak nagned uata ihune takgnit

gnatu rayabmem kutnu naahasurep naupmamek - gnay kednep akgnaj gnatu

s oisaR .ikilimid iayaibid naahasurep raseb aparebes rukugnem utiay ,satilibavlo

gnatu nagned r oisaR . gnay oisar utiay ,satilibatne nakanugid rukugnem kutnu

irad abal helorepmem naahasurep avitka naupmamek .naahasurep isarepo


3

naahasurep nalisahrebek rukugnem aynrasad adap saul takaraysaM

utas halaS .nemejanam ajrenik irad tahilid gnay naupmamek nakrasadreb

abal halada tubesret ajrenik retemarap imonoke taafnam nakianek halada abaL .

nahabmanep uata nakusamep kutneb malad isnatnuka edoirep utas amales

gnay satiuke nakianek naktabikagnem gnay nabijawek nanurunep uata sativitka

d lasareb kadit .ladom namananep isubirtnok ira

iridret nagnauek naropaL abal naropal irad - ,acaren ,sak sura naropal ,igur

abal naropaL .nagnauek naropal sata natatac nad ,satiuke nahaburep naropal - igur

natatac nakgnades naahasurep natahesek takgnit sisilanagnem kutnu acaren nad

u narabmag helorepmem kutnu nagnauek naropal sata natakI( naahasurep mum

.)81.1:4002 ,aisenodnI isnatnukA

eB sata id naiaru nakrasadr tagnignem nad nad ajrenik natahesek takgnit

iapacid gnay naahasurep utaus ep akam ,gnitnep tagnas naahasurep kiratret silun

em kutnu naitilenep nakukal :luduj nagned “A sisilan R oisa L satidiuki ,

S satilibavlo R , satilibatne U kutn M ajreniK rukugne P naahasure ”.

.B halasaM nasataB

ini naitilenep malaD naialinep ajrenik naahasurep aynah kepsa irad

nagnauek nagned nakanuggnem :utiay oisar agit

.1 R irad iridret satidiukil oisa ,oitaR tnerruC ,oitaR kciuQ ,oitaR hsaC nad

oitaR tessA latoT oT latipaC gnikroW ,

.2 R irad iridret satilibavlos oisa tbeD latoT A ot tess oitaR , nad tbeD latoT ot

E ytiuq oitaR ,


4

.3 R irad iridret satilibatner oisa no nruteR fo etaR ,tnemsevnI no nruteR fo etaR

M ssorG ,ytiuqE ,oitaR nigra nad oitaR nigraM teN .

.C halasaM nasumuR

a id naiaru nakrasadreB nasumur akam ,sat d halasam ini naitilenep mala

:halada

.1 renik anamiagaB utaR akitsuM .TP nagnauek aj kbT id nagnutihrep irad uajnit

ner oisar nad ,satilibavlos oisar ,satidiukil oisar 7002 nuhat amales satilibat -

?0102

.2 nagnabmekrep anamiagaB ajrenik uajnitid naahasurep irad :

.a R satidiukil oisa ( latipaC gnikroW ,oitaR kciuQ ,oitaR hsaC ,oitaR tnerruC

)oitaR tessA latoT oT ,

.b R satilibavlos oisa ( oitaR ytiuqE ot tbeD ,oitaR tessA ot tbeD latoT ) nad ,

.c R ner oisa satilibat ( ,ytiuqE no nruteR fo etaR ,tnemsevnI no nruteR fo etaR

)oitaR nigraM teN ,oitaR nigraM ssorG nuhat amales 7002 - ?0102

.D naitileneP taafnaM nad naujuT

iagabreb igab taafnam nakirebmem tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH

ratna kahip :nial a

.1 satisrevinU igaB

naakatsuprepid naacab iskelok nahabmat iagabes nakanugiD .


5

.2 naahasureP igaB

alinem kutnu tala iagabes nakanugid tapaD nagnabmekrep i ajrenik

kusam nakirebmem tapad nakparahid nad naahasurep k naka gnay asam id na

.gnatad

.3 acabmeP igaB

naitilenep igab naacab nahab isnerefer nahabmat iagabes nakanugid tapaD

.ayntukireb

.E nasiluneP akitametsiS

I BAB NAULUHADNEP

nasumurep ,halasam gnakaleb ratal gnatnet naksalejnem ini baB

,naitilenep taafnam ,naitilenep naujut ,halasam nasatabmep ,halasam

.nasilunep akitametsis nad

II BAB IROET NASADNAL

egnep gnatnet naksalejnem ini baB ,nagnauek naropal naitr naujut

,nagnauek naropal anuggnep ropal nagnauek na , naropal taafnam

,nagnauek ,nagnauek naropal kitsiretkarak ,nagnauek naropal nasatab

kutneb - kutneb naujut ,nagnauek naropal sisilana ,nagnauek naropal

,nagnauek naropal sisilana nahamelek ,nagnauek naropal sisilana

,nagnauek oisar sisilana naitregnep ,nagnauek oisar asilana naujut

,nagnauek oisar asilana nahibelek nad nahamelek natahesek takgnit

surep .alakreb atad sisilana nad ,naaha


6

III BAB NAITILENEP EDOTEM

B gnatnet naksalejnem ini ba nad isakol utkaw ,naitilenep sinej

,naitilenep ,atad rebmus nad atad isinifed ,atad nalupmugnep edotem

.atad sisilana edotem nad ,lebairav lanoisarepo

VI BAB ARABMAG NAAHASUREP MUMU N

ini baB naksalejnem asurep takgnis harajes harajes itupilem gnay naah

naahasurep isim isiv ,naahasurep ogol ,naahasurep , isasinagro rutkurts

sinej nad - .kudorp sinej

V BAB NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA

ini baB naksalejnem sisilanagnem nad nasumur bawajnem kutnu atad

halasam .

V BAB I PUTUNEP

sahabmem ini baB gnatnet nad ,naitilenep nasatabretek ,nalupmis

naras - igab taafnamreb nad amiretid tapad nikgnum gnay naras

kahip nad naahasurep - nagned nagnubuhes nagnitnepekreb gnay kahip

itilenep lisah .ayntukireb na


7

II BAB

IROET NASADNAL

.A naropaL nagnaueK

.1 naitregneP nagnaueK naropaL

nagnauek naropal naitregneP turunem 02( riwanuM 10 5 ; halada )

:tukireb iagabes

d aud halada nagnauek naropaL“ adap natnuka nususid gnay ratfahasurep utas kutnu edoirep rihka acaren ratfad halada ini ratfad audeK .naa

adaP .abal igur ratfad uata natapadnep ratfad nad nagnauek isisop ratfad uatarihka utkaw – naahasurep igab naasaibek idajnem hadus rihka - naahasurep

ratfad uata sulprus ratfad utiay agitek ratfad nakhabmanem kutnu gnay abal.”)nahatid abal( nakigabid kat

k naropaL kutnu naujut nagned nemejanam helo taubid ini nagnaue

sagut nakbawajgnuggnatrepmem - .naahasurep helo nakirebid gnay sagut

L naujut ihunemem kutnu nakanugid tapad aguj nagnauek naropa - nial naujut

gabes utiay .naahasurep raul kahip adapek naropal ia lah nakrasadreB

igab isamrofni naaideynep malad gnitnep tagnas nagnauek naropal tubesret

kahip - naropal padahret nagnitnepekreb uata nakhutubmem gnay kahip

agnep malad rasad iagabes nakanugid tapad anam gnay nagnauek nalibm

kahip igab nasutupek - nakanuggnem malad nakhutubmem gnay kahip

.tubesret nagnauek naropal

.2 naujuT nagnaueK naropaL

isakinumokreb kutnu tala idajnem nagnauek naropaL atad aratna

gnay kahip nagned naahasurep sativitka uata naahasurep nagnauek

itnepekreb .naahasurep sativitka uata nagnauek atad nagned nagn aggniheS


8

kutnu iakamep arap igab nauca iagabes nakanugid tapad nagnauek naropal

.naahasurep utaus ialinem

turuneM ytnailuJ nad owotsarP 002( 5 : 5-6) nagnauek naropal naujut

:halada

” susid nagnauek naropaL m kutnu naujut nagned nu nakaideyne isisop nahaburep atres ajrenik ,nagnauek isisop tukgnaynem gnay isamrofni iakamep raseb halmujes igab taafnamreb gnay naahasurep utaus nagnauek

imonoke nasutupek nalibmagnep malad .”

ik ,nagnauek isisop ianegnem isamrofnI isisop nahaburep nad ajren

naupmamek sata isaulave nakukalem kutnu nakulrepid tagnas nagnauek

naahasurep nagnauek isisoP .sak naklisahgnem malad naahasurep

,nagnauek rutkurts ,nakiladnekid gnay ayad rebmus helo ihuragnepid

tres satilibavlos nad ,satidiukil padareb naupmamek a a nahaburep nagned isat

nakukalid halet gnay apa nakkujnunem aguj nagnauek naropaL .nagnukgnil

nemejanam helo )pihsdrawets( nabawajgnuggnatrep nakrabmaggnem uata

.aynadapek nakayacrepid gnay ayad rebmus sata nemejanam

M nukA radnatS turune nagnauek naropal naujut aisenodnI isnat

:halada

.a isamrofni nakaideynem nagnauek naropaL isisop tukgnaynem gnay

nagnauek isisop nahaburep atres ajrenik ,nagnauek naahasurep utaus

nalibmagnep nad iakamep raseb halmujes igab taafnamreb gnay

.imonoke nasutupek

.b nususid gnay nagnauek naropaL amasreb nahutubek ihunemem kutnu

kadit nagnauek naropal ,naikimed numaN .iakamep raseb naigabes

nad iakamep nakhutubid nikgnum gnay isamrofni aumes nakaideynem


9

nakrabmaggnem mumu araces anerak imonoke nasutupek nalibmagnep

nep wid kadit nad ulal asam id naidajek irad nagnauek hurag a nakbij

.nagnauek non isamrofni nakaideynem kutnu

.c uata nemejanam nakropalid gnay apa nakkujnunem nagnauek naropaL

nakayacrepid gnay ayad rebmus sata nemejanam nabawajgnuggnatrep

.aynadapek

.3 anuggneP paL nagnaueK naro

turuneM riwanuM 02( 10 : 2-4 halada uti nagnauek naropal anuggnep )

:tukireb iagabes

.a naahasurep kilimeP

ialinem kutnu naahasurep kilimep helo nakulrepid nagnauek naropaL

lisah - lisah nanikgnumek ialinem kutnu nad ,iapacid halet gnay lisah -

y lisah .gnatad naka gnay asamid iapacid naka gna

.b ejanaM r nanipmip uata naahasurep

nagnauek isisop iuhategnem nagned naahasurep nanipmip igaB

,kiab hibel gnay anacner nusuynem kutnu nakanugid tapad naahasurep

askajibek nakutnenem nad ,nasawagnep metsis ikiabrepmem naan -

.tapet hibel gnay naanaskajibek rejanam igab gnitnepret lah ipateT

gnuggnatrepmem kutnu tala nakapurem nagnauek naropal awhab halada -

halet gnay naayacrepek sata naahasurep kilimep arap adapek nakbawaj

.aynadapek nakirebid


01

.c rotsevnI

rotsevni araP emem nakulr naropal naahasurep utaus nagnauek

,aynladom nakmananem malad nasutupek libmagnem kutnu nakanugid

asam id kiab pukuc gnay kepsorp iaynupmem naahasurep utaus hakapa

.gnatad naka gnay

.d rutiderK nad sreknab

uata irebmem kutnu nasutupek libmagnem mulebeS irad tiderk kalonem

hibelret nagnauek naraopal sisilana nakulrepid akam ,naahasurep utaus

.naahasurep nagnauek isisop iuhategnem kutnu uluhad

.e hatniremeP

helo nakanugid tapad akam ,naahasurep nagnauek naropal nagneD

ajap aynraseb nakutnenem kutnu hatniremep k gnuggnatid surah gnay

helo .naahasurep

.4 taafnaM nagnaueK naropaL

naujut irad nakhasipid tapad kadit nagnauek naropal taafnaM

tapad gnay apa taafnam iuhatekid tapad akam ,nagnauek naropal nanusuynep

.tubesret nagnauek naropal irad nakparahid adnatS turuneM isnatnukA r

awhab )4991 ,aisenodnI natnukA natakI( nagnaueK t nagnauek naropal nauju

ajrenik ,nagnauek isisop tukgnaynem gnay isamrofni nakaideynem halada

tres taus nagnauek isisop naahaburep a igab taafnamreb gnay naahasurep u

ep malad iakamep raseb halmujes .imonoke nasutupek nalibmagn


11

nagnaueK isnatnukA radnatS turuneM naropal irad taafnam

utiay nagnauek :

.a naropaL nauek kutneb iagabes anugreb gnay sirotsih atad nakapurem nag

nakirebid gnay naayacrepek atad sata nemejanam nabawajgnuggnatrep

apek kilimep helo .aynad L igab tanama nakapurem aguj nagnauek naropa

kahreb gnay kahip adapek nakiapmasid surah gnay nemejanam

.amirenem

.b nakapurem nagnauek naropaL gnay isnatnuka sesorp utaus irad lisah

isakinumok tala iagabes taafnamreb hip nagned nagnauek atad aratna ka -

ip .naahasurep sativitka uata atad nagned nagnitnepekreb gnay kah

.c iuhategnem kutnu nemejanam helo nakanugid tapad nagnauek naropaL

ayaib - pait isneisife rukugnem ,nataigek iagabreb irad ayaib - ,naigab pait

gnay nagnutnuek takgnit nakutnenem nad iskiderp sesorp pait iapacid -

igab uata nataigek pait a .tubesret n

.d gnay isamrofni isamrifnokgnem kutnu anugreb nagnauek naropaL

rebmus nakisakilbupid - .nial rebmus

.5 nasataB nagnaueK naropaL

tafis nakitahrepmem nagneD - akam ,tubesret nagnauek naropal tafis

upmisek kiratid tapad gnauek naropal awhab nal a mem tubesret n ikili

atabretek ,nas 02 ,riwanuM( 10 9: - 01 ) :nial aratna

.a aynrasad adap kidoirep araces taubid gnay nagnauek naropaL

ayntafis gnay utnetret utkaw aratna taubid gnay naropal nakapurem

.lanif naropal nakub nad aratnemes


21

.b paL malad akgna nakkujnunem nagnauek naro pur ai aynnatahilek gnay h

nagned aynnanusuynep aynrasad adap ipat ,tapet nad itsap tafisreb

habureb uata adebreb nikgnum gnay ialin tradnats - .habu

.c iskasnart natatacnep lisah nakrasadreb nususid nagnauek naropaL

nagnauek ,ulal gnay laggnat uata utkaw iagabreb irad haipur ialin uata

nuhat nagned nakgnidnabid ,nurunem tubesret gnau ileb ayad anamid -

malad nakataynid gnay nalaujnep emulov aggnihes ,aynmulebes nuhat

id gnay tinu naknimrecnem uata nakkujnunem utnet muleb haipur lauj

agrah aynkian anerak nakbabesid uti nakkianek nikgnum ,raseb nikames

agrah takgnit itukiid aguj nikgnum gnay tubesret gnarab lauj - .agrah

.d gnay rotkaf iagabreb naknimrecnem tapad kadit nagnauek naropaL

aahasurep nagnauek naadaek uata isisop ihuragnepmem rotkaf anerak n -

.gnau nautas malad nakataynid tapad kadit tubesret rotkaf

.6 kitsiretkaraK nagnaueK naropaL

taubmem gnay sahk iric nakapurem nagnauek naropal kitsiretkaraK

iakamep arap igab anugreb tubesret nagnauek naropal malad isamrofni

ibmagnep malad k nal aparebeb adA .imonoke nasutupe fitatilauk kitsiretarak

:utiay ,nagnaueK isnatnukA tradnatS malad nakanugid gnay kokop

.a aynitra naveleR l naropa k nagned iauses surah nagnaue aynnaanuggnep

.susuhk nupuam mumu naujut kutnu kiab

.b aynitra itregnemid tapaD l naropa k nad imahapid hadum surah nagnaue

.ayniakamep helo itregnemid


31

.c aynnaranebek ijuid tapad surah nagnauek naropal aynitra ijuid tapaD

.amas gnay narukugnep nagned nad nednepedni gnay rukugnep helo

.d aynitra larteN l naropa k adap nakharaid surah nagnaue

nahutubek .nupapais adapek kahimem helob kadit nad iakamep

.e aynitra utkaw tapeT l naropa k nikgnum inides nakijasid surah nagnaue

.nasutupek nalibmagnep rasad iagabes nakanugid tapad kutnu

.f aynitra gnidnab ayaD l naropa k nagned nakgnidnabid tapad nagnaue

agnauek naropal irad aynmulebes edoirep n p amas gnay naahasure

.amas gnay edoirep adap aynnial naahasurep nagnauek naropal nagned

.g isnatnuka atad aumes itupilem surah nagnauek naropal aynitra pakgneL

nagnauek atkaf hurules nakijaynem nad nakpakgnugnem uata nagnauek

p atres m helob kadit tubesret atkaf naijayne naktaseyne ayniakamep .

kutnu halada nagnauek naropal sata helorepid gnay isamrofni idaJ

iagabes atres utnetret edoirep adap naahasurep naujamek takgnit iuhategnem

kutnu tala nakutnenem jnales edoirep kutnu naanaskajibek naropaL .ayntu

nakiladnegnem malad rejanam nagnitnepek kutnu anugreb nagnauek

id gnay naanaskajibek uata nakadnit nakutnenem kutnu nad naahasurep

.hupmet

.7 kutneB - nagnaueK naropaL kutneB

02( riwanuM turuneM 10 31: - naropal utaus asilanagnem kutnu )03

h nagnauek kutneb gnatnet naitregnep iaynupmem sura - naropal kutneb

lad lubmit nikgnum gnay halasam atres nagnauek naropal nanusuynep ma .


41

kutneB - rusnu atreseb nagnauek naropal kutneb - :utiay aynrusnu

.a atres gnatuh ,avitka gnatnet sitametsis gnay naropal halada acareN

om acaren naujut idaJ .utnetret taas utaus adap naahasurep utaus irad lad

utaus adap naahasurep nagnauek isisop nakkujnunem kutnu halada

aynasis nakutnetid nad ukub putut utkaw adap aynasaib ,utnetret laggnat

d gnires acaren aggnihes rednelak nuhat rihka adap nagned tubesi

teehs ecnalab .

rusnU - turunem acaren kokop rusnu 3002( fusuY 22 : - iagabes halada )32

: tukireb

)1 avitkA

rebmus halada avitkA - naahasurep ikilimid gnay imonoke rebmus

rebmus sineJ .gnau nautas malad nakataynid asaib gnay - rebmus

d mizal uata imonoke macamreb asib naahasurep atrah tubesi -

,hanat itrepes dujuwreb gnarab apureb gnay naayakek adA .macam

nisem nad gnudeg , gnatuip tubesid isnatnuka malad gnay nahigat

gnau( akum id narayabmep kutnebreb gnay alup ada nad ,gnagad

)akum .

)2 nabijaweK

lada nabijaweK nagned naahasurep helo rayabid surah gnay gnatu ha

.gnatad naka gnay asam id utnetret taas utaus adap asaj uata gnau

rutiderk arap nahigat nakapurem nabijawek ,nial atak nagneD

.naahasurep adapek


51

)3 ladoM

aahasurep kilimep kah nakapurem ayntakikah adap ladoM sata n

nagned amas kilimep kah aynraseB .naahasurep )avitka( naayakek

aratna hisiles utiay ,naahasurep hisreb avitka .nabijawek nad avitka

.b gnatnet sitametsis gnay naropal nakapurem abal/igur naropaL

asurep utaus helorepid gnay abal igur ,ayaib ,nalisahgnep malad naah

.utnetret edoirep

rusnU - 2 :3002( fusuY turunem abal/igur kokop rusnu 4 iagabes halada )

: tukireb

)1 natapadneP

gnay nial atrah uata sak naamirenep narila halada natapadneP

uata gnarab nalaujnep lisah iagabes nemusnok irad amiretid

.asaj nairebmep

)2 iB aya

asaj nad laujid gnay gnarab kokop agrah halada ayaiB - gnay asaj

.natapadnep naklisahgnem kutnu ismusnokid

)3 )igur uata( abaL

natapadnep aratna )gnaruk uata( hibel hisiles halada igur uata abaL

.ayaib nagned

tapad kutnU helorepmem abmekrep gnatnet narabmag nagnauek nagn

sisilana utaus nakukalid tapad nagnauek naropal iulalem akam ,naahasurep

nagnauek natahesek nagnabmekrep aggnihes nagnauek tapad naahasurep

.naklupmisid


61

.8 nagnaueK naropaL sisilanA

d retsoF turuneM mala ( paharaH nakakumegnem ,)391 :7002

itregnep :tukireb iagabes nagnauek naropal sisilana na

nagnubuh irajalepmeM“ - naropal tes utaus malad id nagnubuh

nagnauek nagnurednecek nad utnetret taas utaus adap - irad nagnurednecek

.”utkaw gnajnapes ini nagnubuh

M ( nietsnreB turune :3891 )3 itregnep nakakumegnem , sisilana na

utiay nagnauek naropal :

kinket nad edotem naparenep pukacnem nagnauek naropal sisilanA“

naropal irad tahilem kutnu aynnial atad nad nagnauek naropal sata sitilana

naruku uti - sesorp malad anugreb tagnas gnay utnetret nagnubuh nad naruku

bmagnep .”nasutupek nali

.9 nagnaueK naropaL sisilanA naujuT

habmanem kutnu nakduskamid nakukalid gnay nagnauek sisilanA

:7002 ( paharaH turuneM .nagnauek naropal utaus malad ada gnay isamrofni

nagnauek naropal sisilana naujut ,)591 iagabes nakakumekid tapad ini

ireb :tuk

.a gnay adapirad malad hibel ,saul hibel gnay isamrofni nakirebmem tapaD

.asaib nagnauek naropal irad tapadret

.b atam tasak araces kapmat kadit gnay isamrofni ilaggnem tapaD )ticilpxe(

nagnauek naropal kilab id adareb gnay uata nagnauek naropal utaus irad

( ticilpmi ).

.c .nagnauek naropal malad gnudnakret gnay nahalasek iuhategnem tapaD


71

.d lah rakgnobmem tapaD - malad netsisnok kadit tafisreb gnay lah

nagned naktiakid kiab nagnauek naropal utaus nagned aynnagnubuh

ed aynnatiak nupuam nagnauek naropal nretni nenopmok isamrofni nagn

epid gnay r .naahasurep raul irad helo

.e tafis iuhategneM - aynrihka gnay nagnubuh tafis ledom nakrihalem tapad -

iroet nad ledom - ,iskiderp kutnu itrepes nagnapal id tapadret gnay iroet

natakgninep .)gnitar(

.f aknigniid gnay isamrofni nakirebmem tapaD libmagnep arap helo n

.nasutupek

.g takgnirep nakutnenem tapaD )gnitar( airetirk turunem naahasurep

.sinsib ainud malad lanekid hadus gnay utnetret

.h nial naahasurep nagned naahasurep isautis nakgnidnabmem tapaD

dni radnats nagned uata aynmulebes edoirep nagned uata lamron irtsu

.laedi radnats

.i imalaid gnay nagnauek isidnok nad isautis imahamem tapaD

nad ,nagnauek rutkurts ,ahasu lisah ,nagnauek isisop kiab ,naahasurep

.ayniagabes

.j id naahasurep imalaid nikgnum gnay apa isnetop iskiderpmem aguj asiB

naka gnay asam .gnatad


81

.01 nagnaueK naropaL sisilanA nahameleK

halada nagnauek naropal sisilana nahamelek ,)302 :7002 ( paharaH turuneM

:tukireb iagabes

.a helo ,nagnauek adap nakrasadid aynah nagnauek naropal sisilanA

niid ulales surah nagnauek naropal nahamelek aynanerak raga tag

.halas kadit uti sisilana irad nalupmisek

.b ialinem kutnU .nagnauek naropal aynah nagnauek naropal sisilana kejbO

akgna irad aynah pukuc kadit nagnauek naropal - naropal akgna

naujut itrepes aynnial kepsa tahilem surah aguj atiK .nagnauek

,naahasurep ayadub ,nemejanam ayag ,irtsudni isautis ,imonoke isautis

.takaraysam ayadub nad ,naahasurep

.c nad ulal asam nakrabmaggnem gnay sirotsih atad halada sisilana kejbO

.naped asam isidnok nagned adebreb asib ini isidnok

.d ep nagned nagnidnabrep nakukalem atik akiJ ulrep akam nial naahasur

babeynep idajnem asib gnay pisnirp naadebrep aparebeb tahilid

,isnatnuka pisnirp :aynlasim akgna naadebrep ezis sinej ,naahasurep

,irtsudni ,isadilosnok naropal uata laudividni naropal ,naropal edoirep

kepsa naahasurep sinej tiforp evitom uata .fitom tiforp non

.e gnisa gnau atam isrevnok lisah uata isadilosnok lisah nagnauek naropaL

lubmit ajas asib naadebrep anerak iridnesret naitahrep tapadnem ulrep

.isadilosnok edotem uata isrevnok sruk halasam anerak

.f utiay oisar sisilana nahameleK gnay isnatnuka atad irad libmaid oisar

tafis ikilimem aguj - nad ,iuhatekid surah gnay iridnesret tafis


91

nariskat nakulremem kiab oisar utaus ialinem malaD . silana kurub uata

itah surah - .itah

.B sisilanA nagnaueK oisaR

.1 naitregneP nagnaueK oisaR asilanA

turuneM riwanuM 02( 01 : 46 ), naitregnep nakakumegnem sisilana

m halada oisar e utaus malad sop iagabreb irad nagnubuh asilana nakadagn

lada nagnauek naropal ha nakisaterpretnignem tapad kutnu rasad nakapurem

.naahasurep isarepo lisah nad nagnauek isidnok ggnem nagneD nakanu

nahaburep gnatnet atad kusamret ,nakgnidnabid gnay naropal - nahaburep

asilanagnep ,ayndnert atres esatnesorp ,haipur halmuj malad idajret gnay

malad utnabmem naka udividni oitar aparebeb awhab iradaynem

nauek isisop nakisaterpretninem nad asilanagnem .naahasurep utaus nag

aratna nagnabmirep uata nagnubuh utaus nakrabmaggnem oisaR

nakanuggnem nagned nad ,nial gnay halmuj nagned utnetret halmuj utaus

rebmem uata naksalejnem tapad naka ini oisar apureb asilana tala i narabmag

iab gnatnet asilanagnap adapek rub uata k isisop uata naadaek aynku

nauek naahasurep utaus nag tubesret oisar akgna alibapa amaturet

iagabes nakanugid gnay gnidnabmep oisar akgna nagned nakgnidnabid

.radnats


02

.2 naujuT nagnaueK oisaR asilanA

naujuT umu araces nagnauek naropal sisilana irad iagabes halada m

tukireb 6 :5002( milaH nad ifanaH - )9 :

.a mahas adap isatsevnI

asam itawelem naahasurep naupmamek adap naksukofid okiser sisilanA -

kutnu ini naupmamek nakiskeyorpmem naidumek nad tilus asam

edoirep - .gnatad naka gnay asam edoirep

.b derk nairebmeP ti

D naahasurep naupmamek ialinem kutnu halada aynkokop naujut anami

gnay agnub atreseb nakirebid gnay namajnip nakilabmegnem kutnu

.tubesret namajnip nagned natiakreb

.c samep nataheseK ko )reilppus(

iuhategneM sidnok igab taafnamreb tagnas kosamep nagnauek i

p .kosamep nagned isaisogen nakukalem malad naahasure

.d taheseK a naggnalep n )remotsuc( kutnu halada aynnaujut gnay ,

malad naggnalep naupmamek ianegnem isamrofni iuhategnem

.aynkednep akgnaj nabijawek ihunemem

.e jutreb ,nawayrak irad uajnitid naahasurep nataheseK kutnu nau

naahasurep hakapa nakitsamem gnay ikusamid naka ikilimem kepsorp

.sugab gnay nagnauek

.f .nakrayabid gnay kajap aynraseb nakutnenem kutnu ,hatniremeP

.g ynnaujut ,lanretni sisilanA sidnok iuhategnem kutnu halada a nagnauek i

es nakutnenem anug naahasurep .naahasurep nagnabmekrep anam huaj


12

.h nagnauek nataukek anam huajes nakutnenem kutnu ,gniasep sisilanA

.naahasurep igetarts nautnenep kutnu iakapid tapad gnay gniasep

.i nakasurek naialineP

imalaid gnay nakasurek aynraseb nakutneneM naahasurep akgnar malad

kutnu naigurek itnaggnem .

gnay isamrofni adap gnutnagreb tagnas nagnauek oisar sisilanA

.naahasurep nagnauek naropal helo nakirebid naka kadit nagnauek naropaL

akgna padahret huaj hibel sisilana nakukalid kadit akij ankamreb - gnay akgna

nA .aynmaladid gnudnakret akg - tapad naidumek gnay haluti akgna

oisar kutnebmem - .nagnauek oisar

oisaR kutnu nakanugid gnay tala utaus nakapurem nagnauek

isisop nakrabmaggnem uata iuhategnem .naahasurep natahesek uata ajrenik

ugid gnay nagnidnabrep sinej aud ada ,oisar sisilana malaD utiay nakan

lanretni nagnidnabreP .lanretske nagnidnabrep nad lanretni nagnidnabrep

gnay oisar nad ulal asam oisar nagned ini taas oisar nakgnidnabmem utiay

.amas gnay naahasurep kutnu gnatad naka nagnidnabrep nakgnadeS

oisar nakgnidnabmem halada lanretske oisar nagned naahasurep nagnauek

.sinejes gnay aynnial naahasurep

sisilana taafnaM oisar ,sisilanagnem kutnu nakanugid rejanam igab

sisilana igab ,naahasurep lanoisarepo ikiabrepmem nad ,nakiladnegnem

naahasurep naupmamek nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid tiderk rayabmem

kepsorp nad neisife sata nagnitnepekreb gnay mahas sisilana igab ,ayngnatu

sata nagnitnepekreb gnay isagilbo sisilana nad naahasurep nahubmutrep


22

atres isagilbo kokop nad agnub rayabmem malad naahasurep naupmamek

k idajret alibapa avitka isadiukil .natiliape

.3 nad nahibeleK nagnaueK oisaR asilanA nahameleK

lana kinket nakgnidnabid nagnauek oisar sisilana nahibeleK i sis

paharaH( halada aynnial 892 :7002 , - 992 :)

.a akgna nakapurem oisaR - gnay kitsitats rasithki uata akgna hibel hadum

.nakrisfatid nad acabid

.b M gnay isamrofni irad anahredes hibel gnay itnaggnep nakapure

sid nay nagnauek naropal helo nakija g nad icnir tagnas .timur

.c id naahasurep isisop iuhategneM .nial irtsudni hagnet

.d ledom isignem malad nahab libmagnem kutnu taafnamreb tagnaS - ledom

pek nalibmagnep iskiderp ledom nad nasutu Z( - )erocs .

.e .naahasurep naruku iradnatsneM

.f hasurep nagned naahasurep nakgnidnabrepmem hadum hibeL nial naa

” uata kidoirep araces naahasurep nagnabmekrep tahilem uata emit

seires .”

.g nakukalem atres naahasurep dnert tahilem hadum hibeL asam id iskiderp

.gnatad naka gnay

iagabes nahamelek ikilimem aguj nagnauek oisar sisilana kinkeT

:tukireb

.a kutnu nakanugid tapad tapet gnay oisar hilimem malad natiluseK

.ayniakamep nagnitnepek


32

.b uj nagnauek naropal uata isnatnuka ikilimid gnay nasatabreteK ag

:itrepes ini kinket nasatabretek idajnem

)1 kaynab uti nagnauek naropal uata oisar nagnutihrep nahaB

.fitkeybus uata saib ialinid tapad gnay nariskat gnudnagnem

)2 gnudnakret gnay ialiN halada oisar nad nagnauek naropal malad

nahelorep ialin )tsoc( rah nakub , .rasap ag

)3 akgna adap kapmadreb asib nagnauek naropal malad isakifisalK

.oisar

)4 asib isnatnuka radnats malad rabmagret gnay natatacnep edoteM

adebreb gnay naahasurep helo adebreb nakparetid .

.c aidesret kadit oisar gnutihgnem kutnu atad akiJ , naka akam

lubminem .oisar gnutihgnem natilusek nak

.d .norknis kadit aidesret gnay atad akij tiluS

.e radnats nad kinket ajas asib ,nakgnidnabid gnay naahasurep aud akiJ

nagnidnabrep nakukalid akij aggnihes amas kadit iakapid gnay isnatnuka

.nahalasek naklubminem asib

araH turuneM pah 002( 103 :7 ) aparebeb nauek oisar gnires gnay nag

kanugid halada na :

.a satidiukil oisaR

.b satilibavlos oisaR

.c isaR o p /satilibatifor r satilibatne


42

103 :7002( paharaH turuneM naitregnep nakakumegnem ,) oisar

satilibatner oisar nad ,satilibavlos oisar ,satidiukil , halada :tukireb iagabes

.a satidiukil oisaR

kutnu naahasurep naupmamek nakrabmaggnem satidiukil oisaR

.aynkednep akgnaj nabijawek nakiaseleynem

adA aparebeb :utiay satidiukil kutnu rasad naruku

)1 %001racnaL gnatuHracnaL avitkA x oitaR tnerruC

)2 racnaL avitkA

saK racnal avitka sata sak oisaR

)3 racnaL gnatuH

saK racnal gnatu sata sak oisaR

)4 %001xavitkA latoTracnaL avitkA avitka latot nad racnal avitka oisaR

)5 %001gnajnap akgnaj gnatu latoT

racnaL avitkA gnatu latot nad racnal avitkA x

.b satilibavlos oisaR

satilibavlos oisaR nakrabmaggnem naahasurep naupmamek

alad mem m upmam ulales kutnu aynnaupmamek agajnem nad ihune

.utkaw tapet araces gnatu rayabmem malad aynnabijawek ihunemem

los oisaR :nial aratna satilibav

)1 %001iridneS ladoM

gnatuH latoT x oitaR ytiuqE ot tbeD latoT

)2 %001avitkA latoTgnatuH latoT xoitaR stessA latoT ot tbeD latoT


52

.c aR satilibatneR/satilibatiforP ois

nakrabmaggnem satilibatiforp aguj tubesid uata satilibatner oisaR

,naupmamek aumes iulalem abal naktapadnem naahasurep naupmamek

pes ada gnay rebmus nad halmuj ,ladom ,sak ,nalaujnep nataigek itre

nial nad ,gnabac halmuj ,nawayrak - .nial

:nial aratna satilibatner oisaR

)1 nalaujneP

hisreb natapadneP nigram tiforP

)2 avitka latoT

hisreb nalaujneP tessa no nruteR

)3 ladom atar-ataR

hisreb abaL ytiuqe no nruteR

)4 tesa latot atar-ataR

hisreb abaL tessa latot no nruteR

)5 avitka latot

kajap nad agnub mulebes abaL rewop gninrae cisaB

)6 mahas halmuJ

natukgnasreb mahas naigab abaL erahs rep gninraE

.C T naahasureP nataheseK takgni

utaus hakapa tahilem kutnu nakulrepid naahasurep natahesek takgniT

ini laH .kadit uata tahes naadaek malad uti naahasurep utaus malad nagnauek

uata ada gnay nemele aud aratna nakgnidnabmem nagned nakukalid tapad

r nagned tubesid .oisa

a )92 :4002( nifirA turuneM naahasurep nagnauek oisar sisilan

nakukalid ayntujnales ,naahasurep nahamelek tahilem kutnu nakkujnutid


62

.gnatadnem asam id hararet hibel gnay anacner nusuynem nagned nakiabrep

nakukalid naahasurep nagnauek ajrenik naialineP oisar nakgnidnabmem nagned

nuhat irad lanretni nagnauek - nagned oisar nakgnidnabmem uata nuhatek

atar oisaR .sinejes gnay nagnauek oisar atad aidesret akij nial naahasurep - atar

rtsudni uata naahasurep al nusuynem kutnu nakanugid tapad i op nauek nar nag

d gnay sid uata nakiskeyorpi e halitsi nagned aguj tub laicnanif amrof orp

.tnemetats

nakanuggnem aynmumu atsaws naahasurep nagnauek ajrenik naialineP

aH .satilibatner nad ,satilibavlos ,satidiukil sisilana s ajrenik naialinep li

aws naahasurep s araces rutaid kadit at ep nagned ukab r hatniremep naruta ( nifirA ,

4002 : 79 .)

araces nautnenep halada ajrenik naialinep )514 :1002( idayluM turuneM

itkefe kidoirep nad ,isasinagro naigab ,isasinagro utaus lanoisarepo sativ

nay airetirk nad ,radnats ,narasas nakrasadreb aynnawayrak nakpatetid halet g

.aynmulebes nawayrak isavitomem kutnu halada ajrenik naialinep kokop naujuT

gnay ukalirep radnats ihutamem malad nad isasinagro narasas iapacnem malad

gnay lisah nad nakadnit nakhaubmem raga ,aynmulebes nakpatetid halet

lineP .naknigniid kadit gnay ukalirep nakenem kutnu nakukalid ajrenik naia

kagenem nad gnasgnarem kutnu nad aynitsemes aynitsemes gnay ukalirep nak

id aynutkaw adap ajrenik lisah kilab napmu iulalem naknigni ,naagrahgnep atres

.kisnirtske nupuam kisnirtni tafisreb gnay kiab


72

kutnu nemejanam helo naktaafnamid ajrenik naialinep taafnaM :

.1 naisavitomep iulalem neisife nad fitkefe araces isasinagro isarepo alolegneM

.mumiskam araces nawayrak

.2 ,nawayrak nagned natukgnasreb gnay nasutupek nalibmagnep utnabmeM

refsnart ,isomorp itrepes .naitnehrebmep nad ,

.3 nad nawayrak nagnabmegnep nad nahitalep nahutubek isakifitnedigneM

nahitalep margorp isaulave nad iskeles airetirk nakaideynem kutnu

.nawayrak

.4 nasata anamiagab ianegnem nawayrak igab kilab napmu nakaideyneM

.ajrenik ialinem akerem

.5 yneM aagrahgnep isubirtsid igab rasad utaus nakaide n.

.D alakreB ataD sisilanA )seireS emiT(

seireS emiT kutnu utkaw ek utkaw irad naklupmukid gnay atad halada

nataigek utaus nagnabmekrep nakrabmaggnem iuhategnem tapad atiK .

dajek aparebeb uata utaus nagnabmekrep aynhuragnep/nagnubuh atres nai

.aynnial naidajek padahret

nad utnetret utkaw utaus adap naahasurep isautis narabmag halada oisaR

nagnurednecek nakgnayab atik tapad aynranebes ini narabmag irad nert( d)

reg iulalem gnatad naka gnay asam id naahasurep isautis adap idajret gnay naka

kinket nakanuggnem surah ini sisilanA .inik asam iapmas ulal asam

nakrabmagid inis irad nad nuhat aparebeb nagnauek naropal nagnidnabrep


82

ini sisilana nerT .aynnert = ’Y naamasrep nagned kifarg iulalem taubid aynasaib

.Xb + a

turuneM )531 :7002( nawanuG dnert nabmal nakareg nakapurem

.nurunem uata takgninem ,hara utas ek ujunem gnurednec nad gnajnap akgnajreb

dnerT ( nakianek alajeg nakkujnunem itiletid gnay lah akij idajret fitisop dnert

atar nakkujnunem ikilimid gnay - )nahabmatrep atar . dnerT lah akij idajret fitagen

( gnarukreb nikames alajeg nakkujnunem itiletid gnay dnert ikilimid gnay

atar nakkujnunem - .)nanurunep atar halas nakanugid gnires gnay dnert sisilanA

dnert edotem aynnutas erauqs tsael :alumrof nagned X b + a = ’Y in anamid , a ial

= = b nad n / Y / YX .²X

nakapurem nert sisilana )311 :6002( notsuoH nad mahgirB turuneM

oisar sata sisilana - .utkaw aparebeb amales naahasurep haubes nagnauek oisar

ayngnitnep amas gnay lah utaus nakapurem oisar malad nert sisilanagneM

osba nagned isidnok ianegnem kujnutep nakirebmem naka nert anerak ,ayntul

.nanurunep uata natakgninep imalagnem naka naahasurep haubes nagnauek

amales oisar nakatemem nagned nakukalid tapad nert sisilana nakukalem kutnU

.utkaw aparebeb

ecek tahilem kutnu nert sisilanA naahasurep nagnabmekrep ,nagnuredn

.gnatad naka gnay edoirep nad ukalreb hadus gnay utnetret edoirep amales

nagnauek naropal sisilanagnem kutnu nakanugid aynasaib ini sisilana kinkeT

.hibel uata edoirep 3 laminim itupilem gnay nakduskamid ini sisilanA utnu k

gnay utkaw nanalajrep gnatner iulalem naahasurep nagnabmekrep iuhategnem

nakrasadreB .ayntukireb asam ek uti asam isautis iskeyorpmem nad ulal hadus


92

id lucnum naka nikgnum gnay nagnurednecek tahilem abocid uti sirotsih atad

paharaH( gnatad naka gnay asam 342 :7002 , - .)542

iagabes nakanugrepid tapad gnay alakreb atad edotem aparebeb adA

:utiay dnert sirag nataubmep rasad

.1 eerF H dna M dohte

.2 dohteM egarevA imeS ataR imeS edoteM( - )atar

.3 dohteM egarevA gnivoM ataR edoteM( - )karegreB atar

.4 dohteM erauqS tsaeL ehT eM( )licekreT tardauK edot


03

III BAB

EDOTEM NAITILENEP

.A nad isakoL naitileneP utkaW

naitilenep isakoL atad anamid tapmet halada libmaid nagnauek naropal

ad naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay sisilana nagned iauses sisilanaid naidumek n

kalid naitilenep isakoL .ini .utaR akitsuM .TP id naku utkaw nakgnadeS

naitilenep nalub ratikes lirpA M iapmas ie 2102 .

.B nad sineJ naitileneP natakedneP

silunep akam naitilenep naujut nad nahalasamrep nakrasadreB

uts natakednep nagned fitatilauk fitpirksed naitilenep edotem nakanuggnem id

fitatilauk fitpirksed naitileneP .nagnauek oisar sisilana igolodotem nagned susak

reb em ,nakispirksidnem kutnu naujut nem nad ,sisilanagn g oisar nakisaterpretni

utnu tala iagabes nagnauek k nagnabmekrep ialinem k ajreni .utaR akitsuM .TP

turuneM ( otnukirA 2 000 :3 naitilenep nakapurem fitpirksed naitilenep ,)80

naksumurem ulrep kadit aynnaitilenep hakgnal malad aggnihes ,sisetopih non

tilenep tafiS .sisetopih turuneM .susak iduts gnatnet halada nai otnukirA

( 002 0: 802 nay naitilenep halada susak iduts naitilenep ) araces nakukalid g

alajeg uata agabmel ,isasinagro utaus padahret maladnem nad icniret ,fisnetni

leneP .utnetret jbus nakapurem susak iduts naiti tipmes tagnas gnay naitilenep ke

.ajas itiletid gnay naahasurep adap ukalreb aynah ini naitilenep lisah aggnihes


13

malaD naitilenep ini anamiagab tahilem kutnu nakanugid nagnauek oisar

k nagnabmekrep ajreni .TP naahasurep utaR akitsuM ialin malad tahilid gnay

.nagnauek oisar malad nagnutihrep naklisahid gnay

malaD naitilenep nuhat irad ialum nakanugid gnay edoirep ini 7002

.TP naahasurep adap 0102 iapmas itsuM .utaR ak

.C taD a nad ataD rebmuS

irad nalupmuk nakapurem ataD isamrofni - taafnamreb gnay isamrofni

isamrofni iraD .naadaek utaus gnatnet narabmag taubmem kutnu - uti isamrofni

narabmag ,nagnaretek utaus helorepid tapad nalaosrep utaus ianegnem atkaf uata

utaus awhab nakitkubmem atkaF .nagnalib nupuata furuh kutnebreb gnay

gnajnutid alib naparah nagned iauses gnay lisah nakirebmem naka naitilenep

:naigab aud sata iridret atad ini lah malad ,iadamem gnay atad nagned

.1 p ataD remir

gnusgnal araces helorepid gnay naitilenep atad rebmus halada remirp ataD

alem kadit( ilsa rebmus irad l inipo apureb tapad remirp ataD .)aratnarep iu

padahret isavresbo lisah ,kopmolek malad laudividni araces )gnaro( keybus

idajek ,)kisif( adneb utaus ad ,nataigek uata na ,orotnairdnI( naijugnep lisah n

91 )741:99 .

.2 rednukes ataD

nep atad rebmus halada rednukes ataD e araces itilenep helorepid gnay naitil

apureb aynmumu rednukes ataD .aratnarep aidem iulalem gnusgnal kadit


23

irotsih naropal uata natatac ,itkub gnay pisra malad nususret halet gnay s

d kadit nad nakisakilbupid nakisakilbupi .)741:9991 ,orotnairdnI(

remirp atad halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay atad nakgnadeS

ek gnusgnal gnatad nagned alem rednukes atad nad itiletid gnay tapmet l iu

d acabmem emuko pisra nupuam n - pisra id naahasurep ,amrahD atanaS JEB ,

.tenretni aidem atres

.D kinkeT ataD nalupmugneP

.1 neP L natamag gnusgna

nakapurem gnusgnal natamagnep ,)18 :4002( otnayigoJ turuneM

aynatad rebmus id gnusgnal itamagnem nagned naklupmukid atad et inI . iridr

sata :

.a W aracnawa

gnay atad nalupmugnep kinket utaus nakapurem aracnawaW

epmem itilenep nakumetr nednopser nagned araces )atad rebmus(

.gnusgnal

.b isavresbO

nakapurem isavresbO kinket atad naktapadnem kutnu natakednep uata

l itamagnem arac nagned remirp .aynatad kejbo gnusgna

.2 naitileneP naakatsupeK

acabmem nagned rednukes atad helorepmem kutnu naitilenep utiaY

itiletid gnay halasam nagned iauses gnay nial isnerefer rebmus uata ukub

.itnan sisilana malad rasad nakidajid kutnu


33

y naitilenep sinej nakrasadreB nagned fitatilauk utiay nakanugid gna

aguj nad nagnauek oisar sisilana igolodotem nagned nad susak iduts natakednep

s atad halada nakanugid gnay atad rebmus nakrasadreb e kinket akam ,rednuk

sukofret aynah ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay atad nalupmugnep adap nak

halada nakhutubid gnay isatnemukod ini lah malaD .ajas isatnemukod edotem

naahasurep nanuhat nagnauek naropal .

.E isinifeD lebairaV lanoisarepO

naitahrep kitit idajnem gnay apa uata ,naitilenep kejbo halada lebairaV

,otnukirA( naitilenep utaus 0102 : 161 ulrep itiletid naka gnay lebairaV .)

nakduskamid ini lah ,lanoisarepo hibel gnay nasumur kutneb malad isakifitnediid

adebreb gnay isaterpretni iradnihgnem kutnu - .adeb

,pesnok ianegnem nanusus kutneb utaus nakapurem lanoisarepo isinifeD

takidni ,lebairav meti nad ro - naaynatrep nakidajid gnay meti - kutnu naaynatrep

.tujnal hibel itilet id naka gnay atad helorepmem

:utiay ,aud ada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay lebairaV

.1 sabeb lebairaV )tnednepedni(

lebairav ihuragnepmem gnay lebairav utiay sabeb lebairaV .takiret

nagnauek naropal sisilana halada aynsabeb lebairav ini naitilenep malaD

nem nagned ,satidiukil oisar nakanugg avlos nad satilib atner .satilib


43

.2 takiret lebairaV )tnedneped(

lebairav helo ihuragnepid gnay lebairav halada takiret lebairaV

laD .sabeb idajnem gnay ini lah ma v k halada takiret lebaira ajreni naahasurep

adap ucagnem gnay .utaR akitsuM .TP nagnauek naropal

.F edoteM ataD sisilanA

raga sisilanaid tubesret atad ,lupmukret nakhutubid gnay atad haleteS

tiletid gnay halasam nahacemep malad anugreb halada atad sisilana naujuT .i

tapad nad imahapid hadum raga atad halognem kutnu atres nakisaterpretniid

nimrecnem ay halasam aratna nagnubuh nak n id g gnay sisilana kinkeT .itilet

d nakanugid a akgna nakanuggnem nagned utiay ,fitatilauk sisilana kutneb mal

sar pahaT .nagnauek oi - hat a auk sisilana p l iagabes halada nakanugid gnay fitati

:tukireb

bawajnem kutnU nasumur amatrep halasam :arac nagned

.1 utaR akitsuM .TP nagnauek naropal atad naklupmugneM 4 edoirep nuhat

nuhat :utiay 7002 - .0102

.2 k oisar sisilana nakukaleM e nau nauek naropal padahret nag .TP nag akitsuM

nagned utaR :nakanuggnem

.a R satidiukil oisa :irad iridret

)1 oitaR hsaC

oitar hsaC naahasurep naupmamek rukugnem kutnu nakanugid

sak nagned ihunepid areges surah gnay nabijawek rayabmem kutnu

( kefe nad aidesret gnay .nakriacid areges tapad gnay )agrahreb tarus


53

racnaL gnatuHkedneP akgnaJ agrahreB taruS knaB saK oitaR hsaC

)2 oitaR tnerruC

oitar tnerruC naahasurep naupmamek rukugnem kutnu nakanugid

nagned ihunepid areges surah gnay nabijawek rayabmem kutnu

aynikilimid gnay racnal avitka . nidnabrep raseb nikameS avitka nag

naahasurep naupmamek iggnit nikames racnal gnatu nagned racnal

.aynkednep akgnaj nabijawek iputunem

racnaL gnatuHracnaL avitkA oitaR tnerruC

)3 oitaR kciuQ

oitar kciuQ naahasurep naupmamek rukugnem kutnu nakanugid

ihunepid areges surah gnay nabijawek rayabmem malad nagned

.diukil hibel gnay racnal avitka nikames ini oisar raseb nikameS

.kiab

racnal gnatuHnaaidesreP-racnaL avitkAoitaR kciuQ

)4 oitaR tessA latoT oT latipaC gnikroW

oitar tessa latot ot latipac gnikroW rukugnem kutnu nakanugid

.ajrek ladom isisop nad avitka latot irad satidiukil oM ajrek lad

apureb tapad gnay racnal avitka malad nakmanatid gnay anad halada

tarus ,gnatuip ,sak - nial nad naaidesrep ,agrahreb tarus - .nial

avitkA latoTracnaL gnatuH - racnaL avitkAoitaR tessA latoT oT latipaC gnikroW


63

.b R satilibavlos oisa :irad iridret

)1 oitaR stessA latoT ot tbeD latoT

tar tessa latot ot tbed latoT oi naigab rukugnem kutnu nakanugid

uata nabijawek nahurulesek nimajnem kutnu nakanugid gnay avitka

.gnatuh .nama nikames avitka padahret gnatu isrop licek nikameS

avitkA latoTgnatuH latoT oitaR stessA latoT ot tbeD latoT

)2 oitaR ytiuqE ot tbeD latoT

oitar ytiuqe ot tbed latoT kutnu nakanugid paites naigab rukugnem

nahurulesek kutnu nanimaj nakidajid gnay iridnes ladom haipur

.nabijawek

.kiab nikames ini oisar licek nikameS

iridneS ladoMgnatuH latoT oitaR ytiuqE ot tbeD latoT

.c R ner oisa satilibat :irad iridret

)1 tnemtsevnI nO nruteR fo etaR

k rukugnem kutnu nakanugid ini oisaR gnay ladom naupmame

naklisahgnem kutnu avitka nahurulesek malad nakisatsevniid

hisreb nagnutnuek alib hisreb abal helorepid nesrep apareb uata ,

.avitka latot irad rukuid

avitkA latoThisreB abaL tnemsevnI nO nruteR fo etaR


73

)2 ytiuqE nO nruteR fo etaR

k rukugnem kutnu nakanugid ini oisaR iridnes ladom naupmame

naklisahgnem malad mahas gnagnemep arap igab nagnutnuek

asaib mahas nad nereferp hisreb abal helorepid nesrep apareb uata ,

akam oisar ialin raseb nikameS .kilimep ladom irad rukuid alib

.sugab nikames

kilimeP ladoMhisreB abaL ytiuqE nO nruteR fo etaR

)3 raM ssorG oitaR nig

nigram tiforp ssorG naupmamek rukugnem kutnu nakanugid

.nalaujnep haipur rep oturb abal naktapadnem malad naahasurep

hisreB nalaujneProtoK abaL oitaR nigraM ssorG

)4 oitaR nigraM teN

nigram tiforp teN uata oten nagnutnuek rukugnem kutnu nakanugid

ep haipur rep hisreb abal gnay akgna raseb nikameS .nalaujn

.kiab nikames ajrenik nakkujnunem ,naklisahid

hisreB nalaujnePhisreB abaL oitaR nigraM teN


83

U :arac nagned audek gnay halasam nasumur bawajnem kutn

.1 gnutihgneM naahasurep nagnabmekrep takgnit nuhat 4 amales nagned

.dnerT sisilana

ihgnem kutnU dnert sisilana gnut edotem nakanuggnem s’erauqS tsaeL ehT

dohteM )licekreT tardauK edoteM( :tukireb iagabes

X b + a = ’Y :surul sirag naamasreP

sumuR gnay nakanugid raenil naamasrep b nad a ialin nakutnenem kutnu

utiay :

nYa nad , 2X

YXb

nuhat irad )nakianek( natakgninep aynada nakkujnunem ini ,fitisop b akiJ

,aynmulebes nad adnatreb b akij aynkilabes nakkujnunem ini fitagen

.aynmulebes nuhat irad nanurunep aynidajret

:anamiD

Y = bairav ialin le nakanugid naka gnay

X = p rasad nuhat nad utkaw edoire

a = lon nagned amas x alibapa Y ialin

b = nagnirimek )epols( ek utkaw irad Y ialin nahaburep uata dnert sirag

utkaw


93

VI BAB

NAAHASUREP MUMU NARABMAG

.A .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP harajeS

.R.B helo nakiridid utaR akitsuM .TP nuhat adap oybideoS itayrooM .A

.5791 atrakaruS notareK naajareK iretup nakapurem oybideoS itayrooM A.R.B

.atrakaruS id 8291 iraunaJ 5 laggnat adap rihal gnay adap ini naahasureP

,atinaw natawarep utiay kudorp macam amil iskudorpmem aynah aynlawa

natawarep nahitupek umaj ,”orilaS tedeS“ hubut gnisgnalep ,irtup ajamer

hadus gnay atinaw kutnu umaj nad ,”iraS natepeS“ esuaponem .”nahupeseK“

suret naahasurep numan ,kudorp macam amil iskudorpmem aynah nupikseM

kudorp nakgnabmegnem kutnu isavonireb - laH .aynkudorp nagned nakitkubid ini

kadeb ,rignam ,rulul itrepes lanoisidart akitemsok macam aparebeb iskudorpmem

.rawam ria nad ,nignid

aguj naahasurep iridnep iagabes niales oybideoS itayrooM .A.R.B

pek lanosidart araces nakitnacek umli ianegnem narajagnep nakirebmem ilha ada

kapmad nakirebmem tubesret sativitkA .raggnas nad nolas kilimep ,nakitnacek

naatnimrep kaynab nikames anerak naahasurep nagnabmekrep adap fitisop

naatnimreP .ini naahasurep iskudorp lanoisidart umaj nad akitemsok padahret

aahasurep kudorp padahret nanayal aynada nakbabesid kaynab nikames gnay n

.naahasurep helo nakirebid gnay lanoisidart nakitnacek natawarep

ini naahasurep umaj nad akitemsok kudorp iskudorp sesorp aynlawa adaP

tagneynem uab nad isulop naktabikagnem ini laH .hamur isarag id nakukalid


04

naahasurep iridnep itujnalkadnitid ini isidnoK .hamur raulek rabeynem gnay

rutkafunam irtsudni ek aggnat hamur irtsudni irad ahasu nakhadnimem nagned

isakoL .rumiT atrakaJ sacariC id nenamrep imes nanugnab nakiridnem nagned

ni taas aggnih tubesret i anugid .kirbap iagabes nak

kudorP - okot ek nakisubirtsidid naahasurep kudorp - nolas iulalem okot -

naisubirtsidnep ,aynlawa adaP .nega iagabes narepreb gnay nakitnacek nolas

atok adap satabret hisam naahasurep kudorp - ,atrakaJ itrepes raseb atok

aB ,ayabaruS ,gnarameS adeM nad ,gnudn n kudorP . - nikames naahasurep kudorp

atok id kusamret saul takaraysam lanekid - nad lekitra iulalem licek atok

nad katec aidem id nanalkirep nataigek atres halajam id nakitnacek isatlusnok

kudorp lanegnem nikames gnay takaraysaM .kinortkele - orp naahasurep kud

naklubminem ini laH .iggnit nikames kudorp naatnimrep naktabikagnem

,umaj nad kitemsok kudorp nakatpicnem kutnU .naahasurep igab urab halasam

iskudorp sesorp aggnihes aisunam ajrek aganet nakanuggnem aynah naahasurep

.launam araces nakukalid kadit hadus tubesret launam gnay iskudorp sesorP

isatagnem kutnU .takgninem nikames gnay nanasep halmuj ihunemem igal tapad

nisem ilebmem nagned isnapske nakukalem naahasurep ,ini nahalasamrep

.lip taubmem kutnu nawiaT irad iskudorp

1 lirpA 8 laggnat adaP helo nakimserid utaR akitsuM .TP kirbap ,189

irad kiab nagnabmekrep imalagnem suret naahasureP .nataheseK iretneM

gnay ajrek aganet halmuJ .ayniskudorp nisem nad ,ajrek aganet ,kudorp

et aguj naahasureP .gnaro 051 kaynabes aynisarepo lawa adap nakajrekepid sur

naanuggnep nagned nakkujnutid inI .ayniskudorp natalarep nakgnabmegnem


14

gnay )rucnek sareb( rages namunim iskudorpmem kutnu susuhk nisem

nakukalem halet naahasureP .otraheoS neiT ubI helo aynnaiakamep nakimserid

taafnamreb aynlisah gnay isnapske margorp nagnabmekrep gnajnunem nad

.naahasurep

.B naahasureP ogoL

nikgnum tagnas aguj dnarb ,aisunam pudih sulkis aynlah itrepeS

adnaT .ruzu asam imalagnem - nahubmutrep ,aisunam pirim nup aynadnat

areg aratnemes ,isadarged idajret nikgnum nakhab ,itnehreb nikam iskaer nad k

.simanid nikames gnay nemusnok natutnut nopserem malad tabmal

id tagnas ini isidnoK iradas M nakitnacek naoresrep numan ,utaR akitsu

muleb ini aisenodnI id nuhat 63 aisu ikusamem hadus gnay lanoisidart

aus iagabes tubesret lah paggnagnem ulales utnet kudorp isavonI .namacna ut


24

ogol itnaggnem kadit numan ,rasap kadnehek nad dnert itukignem nakukalid

.kutnebret uti naoresrep kajes iakapid hadus gnay amal

anraw ,nasilut ,rabmag kutnebret gnay satitnedi isasilobmis halada ogoL

a isanibmok uata utaus adebmep iagabes nial aratna aynisgnuF .aynagitek ratn

isaisnerefid uata ,artic nanugnabmep tala ,aynnial gniasep kudorp nagned kudorp

.tubesret kudorp sahk iric uata nakinuek nakridahgnem gnay krem

aratnemeS M akitsu R ad utar pargogol nagned patet uta notarek ajar n

timmoc haloes tubesret lah ,aynnaoresrep krem edart idajnem hadus gnay

kudorp pait malad gnudnakret gnay lanoisidart umaj naumar nagned - .aynkudorp

.C naahasureP isiM isiV

namodep idajnem gnay isim nad isiv ikilimem itsap naahasurep paites iD

.utaR akitsuM .TP ilaucekret kat ,naahasuep inkay utaR akitsuM .TP isiV

natawarep irtsudni sisab iagabes ruhulel agraulek isidart nasiraw nakidajnem

anrupirap nalipmanep/nakitnacek nad naragubek/natahesek )ssenllew citsiloh(

nket isasinredom sesorp iulalem patet ikikah araces numan ,natujnalekreb igolo

hubmut nakladnagnem - .mala irad lasareb gnay nahubmut

hafaslaf adap ucagnem inkay utaR akitsuM .TP isim nakgnadeS

anrupirap nalipmanep/nakitnacek nad naragubek/natahesek )ssenllew citsiloh(

itid amal halet gnay iretup gnaroes helo ilabmek ilagid ,saul takaraysam naklaggn

iagabes notarek egatireh layor ainurak iagabes ainud adapek nakigabid kutnu

nad naknahatrepid surah gnay nauhategnep umli kutneb malad nahuT

.nakiratselid


34

gnay aisu halnakub nuhat mane hulup agiT haubes igab kednep

akitsuM .TP imalaid halet isatserp nad atirec naiakgnaR .nakitnacek naahasurep

iD .malis 5791 nuhat adap kutnebid gnay nakitnacek naahasurep haubes ,utaR

naiju itawelem puggnas nakhab utaR akitsuM uti asawed kajnareb gnay aisu

eK .tareb utaR akituM ,nakitnacek ainud iasaugnem ialum nredom igolonket akit

netsisnok gnay nakitnacek gnadib id reenoip utas halas idajnem patet urtsuj

kudorp malad gnudnakret gnay lanoisidart nasumur nagned - .aynkudorp

aynawemitsI d ed nagniasrep ayntignes hagnet i id gnisa kudorp nagn

ahasU malad itrakapU naagrahgnep amirenem urtsuj utaR akitsuM ,aisenodnI

naagrahgneP nad ,aisenodnI kilbupeR nediserP helo lanoisidarT tabO nairatseleP

.nagnagadreP nad nairtsudnireP iretneM helo aisenodnI ayaduB nairatseleP

.D rutkurtS .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP isasinagrO

malad linosrep aratna nagnubuh nakrabmaggnem isasinagro rutkurtS

nagnubuh nakbabeynem kaynab nikames gnay isasinagro sativitkA .naahasurep

isasinagro rutkurtS .skelpmok nikames ada gnay linosrep aratna id

alup nakrabmaggnem bawaj gnuggnat atres naasaukek naigabmep nad isgnuf

.naahasurep malad

.fats nad sirag kutnebreb .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP isasinagro rutkurtS

nagnabmitrep adap nakrasadid tubesret isasinagro rutkurts kutneb nautneneP

nay isasinagro nakapurem naahasurep awhab gnay ajrek haread nagned raseb g

gnadib ikilimem nad saul - aleS .magarakenareb gnay sagut gnadib i uti n


44

irad hibel tapadret nad kaynab gnay nawayrak halmuj ikilimem aguj naahasurep

.fats aganet utas

ni naahasurep isasinagro rutkurts malad iggnitret nakududeK halada i

rotceriD tnediserP iagabeS .naahasurep kilimep helo gnagepid tubesret natabaJ .

tapar adap tapadret ini naahasurep id iggnitret naasaukek ,akubret naahasurep

sirasimoK naweD .sirasimoK naweD kujnutid gnay mahas gnagemep mumu

igek isawagnem sagutreb ini iskeriD .iskeriD helo nakukalid gnay nata

rutkerid ihawabmem - rejanam nad rutkerid - igabret gnay naahasurep rejanam

nemetraped uata isivid idajnem - nametraped uata isivid nanipmiP .nametraped

iskeriD nakgnades ,iskeriD adapek bawaj gnuggnatreb tubesret

em mahas gnagemep arap adapek aynsagut naanaskalep nakbawajgnuggnatrepm

( redlohekats .mahas gnagemep mumu tapar malad )

.E sineJ - .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP kudorP sinej

halet naahasurep ini taas ,nakukalid suret gnay isavoni nagned gnirieS

005 irad hibel iskudorpmem kudorP .akitemsok kudorp - tubesret kudorp

nagnutnuek nad nalaujnep tezmo malad rasebret isubirtnok nakirebmem

naahasurep kudorP .naahasurep i idajnem nakkopmolekid raseb sirag araces in

,fitaroked sair atat ,rasad sair atat ,hajaw natawarep kudorp utiay amil natawarep

kudorp ,uti nialeS .hubut natawarep nad ,tubmar - tubesret kitemsok kudorp

sineJ .adebreb gnay rasap nemges nagned kerem aparebeb idajnem igabret - sinej

.tukireb iagabes halada ini naahasurep kudorp


54

.1 su rasap asgnap kutnu nakujutid utaR akitsuM ireS takgnit nagned asawed ai

: irad iridret gnay ,hagnenem

.a utaR akitsuM hajaw tiluk natawareP

.b utaR akitsuM rasad sair ataT

.c utaR akitsuM fitaroked sair ataT

.d utaR akitsuM hubut natawareP

.2 takgnit nagned asawed aisu rasap asgnap kutnu nakujutid eolA iraS ireS

noke .eolA iraS hajaw tiluk natawarep utiay sata hagnenem imo

.3 nuhat adap naklanekrepid ajamer rasap asgnap kutnu nakujutid gnay kudorP

: utiay kudorp sinej nagned 2991

.a iretuP akitsuM hajaw tiluk natawareP

.b iretuP akitsuM rasad sair ataT

.c itsuM fitaroked sair ataT iretuP ak

.d iretuP akitsuM tubmar natawareP

.e iretuP akitsuM hubut natawareP

.4 nuhat adap naklanekrepid atilab rasap asgnap kutnu nakujutid gnay kudorP

: utiay 4991

.a ubut natawareP h adnanA

.b adnanA tubmar natawareP

.c adnanA nolet kayniM

kudorp nialeS - ,tubesret kudorp naladna kudorp ikilimem aguj naahasurep

naumar macam iagabreb irad taubret gnay nakitnacek nad natahesek umaj utiay

amaturet utaR akitsuM umaJ .sinej 06 irad hibel tubesret naladna kudorP .imala


64

utnu rasap nemgeS .sata ek hagnenem nemusnok kutnu nakujutid kudorp sinej k

kutnu kudorp iskudorpmem aynmumu gnay gniasep nagned adebreb tubesret

ini naahasurep iskudorpid gnay umaj kudorP .hawab ek hagnenem rasap asgnap

tafisreb xesinu ikal helo kiab ismusnokid uata munimid tapad aynitra - ikal

sawed naupmerep nupuam malad nakrawatid ini naahasurep umaJ .ajamer nad a

( kubres umaj halada aynaratnaid ,kutneb iagabreb gnelpsec nagnajnar umaj ,)

( godog ( gnotnak malad het nad ,telpak ,lip ,) gab aet tubesret umaj kudorP .)

orp nagned raseb halak kadit gnay nakusamep nakirebmem .kitemsok kud

gnay agrah nagned natahesek umaj iagabes nakgnabmekid gnay umaj kopmoleK

nemusnok helo iramegid tagnas anerak kiab gnay kepsorp ikilimem harum fitaler

.hawab ek hagnenem salek amaturet

aktakgninem kutnu ahasureb naahasurep nuhat ek nuhat iraD satilauk n

kutnU .nemusnok areles nad igolonket naujamek nagned iauses aynkudorp

,umaj munimep iagabes laisnetop gnay nemusnok naatnimrep ihunemem

nad kubres / hudes umaj kutneb malad agar agaj umaj nakrawanem naahasurep

rep ,umaj nialeS .simonoke gnay lip breb nakatpicnem aguj naahasu a sinej iag

nim u nasamek malad munim pais nam kcapartet utiay sitkarp nad sineigih gnay

kutnu nakatpicid tubesret namunim kudorP .tabres nad ,rucnek sareb ,masa alug

irad lanoisidart rages namunim naka nemusnok nahutubek ihunemem nahab -

.imala nahab


74

V BAB

NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA

.A lanA i nagnaueK oisaR sis

kutnu atad sisilanA amatrep gnay halasam nasumur bawajnem utiay

nagned a nagnauek oisar sisilan , ajrenik ialinem kutnu nakanugid naahasurep

nagned avlos oisar ,satidiukil oisar .satilibatner oisar nad ,satilib

.1 satidiukiL oisaR

kutnu naahasurep naupmamek nakrabmaggnem satidiukil oisaR

.aynkednep akgnaj nabijawek nakiaseleynem

R oisa satidiukil :irad iridret

racnaL gnatuHkedneP akgnaJ agrahreB taruS knaB saK oitaR hsaC

racnaL gnatuHracnaL avitkA oitaR tnerruC

racnal gnatuHnaaidesreP-racnaL avitkAoitaR kciuQ

avitkA latoTracnaL gnatuH - racnaL avitkA oitaR tessA latoT oT latipaCgnikroW

.2 satilibavloS oisaR

malad naahasurep naupmamek nakrabmaggnem satilibavlos oisaR

nabijawek uata ayngnajnap akgnaj nabijawek rayabmem - aynnabijawek

.isadiukilid naahasurep alibapa


84

oisaR satilibavlos :irad iridret

avitkA latoTgnatuH latoT oitaR stessA latoT ot tbeD latoT

iridneS ladoMgnatuH latoT oitaR ytiuqE ot tbeD latoT

.3 satilibatneR oisaR

nakrabmaggnem satilibatiforp aguj tubesid uata satilibatner oisaR

nad ,naupmamek aumes iulalem abal naktapadnem naahasurep naupmamek

,nawayrak halmuj ,ladom ,sak ,nalaujnep nataigek itrepes ada gnay rebmus

gnabac halmuj nial nad , - .nial

oisaR satilibatner :irad iridret

avitkA latoThisreB abaL tnemsevnI nO nruteR fo etaR

kilimeP ladoMhisreB abaL ytiuqE nO nruteR fo etaR

hisreB nalaujneProtoK abaL oitaR nigraM ssorG

hisreB nalaujnePhisreB abaL oitaR nigraM teN


94

1 .V lebaT

nagnaueK naropaL ataD naD iguR/abaL acareN

naahasureP utaR akitsuM .TP kbT

7002 nuhaT - 0102

alaD( )pR m nagnareteK 02 70 02 80 002 9 02 01

tarus+knab+saK

agrahreb

865.134.489.78 175.908.372.401 404.083.429.09 981.599.489.28

naaidesreP 704.540.045.84 993.421.850.74 151.203.100.24 933.535.520.84

avitkA cnal ar 634.994.928.532 825.906.894.472 35.766.683.972 9 381.664.167.092

avitka latoT 856.227.779.513 269.326.087.453 339.717.536.563 519.244.253.683

gnatuH cnal ar 558.460.607.03 827.272.894.34 547.231.819.83 091.83 . 144.895

gnatuh latoT 081.453.624.63 735.289.541.15 380.803.112.94 752.668.828.84

adom latoT l

iridnes

874.863.955.972 524.146.226.303 058.904.214.613 856.675.115.733

hisreb nalaujneP 475.928.221.252 987.062.408.703 463.358.575.543 388.470.663.963

rotok abaL 644.871.531.041 203.550.653.171 200.242.021.591 372.492.248.602

hisreb abaL .900.031.11 699 707.760.092.22 027.648.610.12 039.697.814.42

ataD :rebmuS 7002 nuhat - 0102 haloid


05

2 .V lebaT

lisaH oisaR nagnutihreP - oisaR nagnaueK

naahasureP .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP

7002 nuhaT – 0102

)% malad(

nagnareteK 02 70 002 8 002 9 02 01

:satidiukiL oisaR

.1 aC oitaR hs 45,682 27,932 36,332 92,712

.2 oitaR tnerruC 20,867 60,136 88,717 43,167

.3 oitaR kciuQ 49,906 78,225 69,906 95,536

.4 tessA latoT oT latipaC gnikroW

oitaR

29,46 11,56 77,56 73,56

satilibavloS oisaR

.1 oitaR tessA oT tbeD latoT 35,11 24,41 64,31 6,21 4

.2 oitaR ytiuqE oT tbeD latoT 30,31 48,61 55,51 74,41

satilibatneR oisaR

.1 R nrute O n I tnemsevn 25,3 82,6 57,5 23,6

.2 R nrute O n E ytiuq 89,3 43,7 46,6 32,7

.3 oitaR nigraM ssorG 85,55 76,55 64,65 00,65

.4 oitaR nigraM teN 14,4 42,7 80,6 16,6

.1 tidiukiL oisaR sa

.a oitaR hsaC

oitar hsaC uhat adap kbT UTAR AKITSUM TP 7002 n

45,682 akgna nakkujnunem racnal nabijawek paites aynitra gnay % 1 pR

68,2 pR helo nimajid naka sak t adaP . idajnem nurunem 8002 nuha

27,932 cnal nabijawek paites aynitra % R helo nimajid naka 1 pR ra 93,2 p

sak k ini oisar 9002 nuhat adaP . 36,332 idajnem nurunem ilabme %

l nabijawek 1 pR paites aynitra 33,2 pR helo nimajid naka racna sak .


15

nuhat adaP 92,712 idajnem nurunem ilabmek ini oisar 0102 aynitra %

imajid naka racnal nabijawek 1 pR paites ,2 pR helo n 71 sak .

.b oitaR tnerruC

oitar tnerruC 7002 nuhat adap kbT UTAR AKITSUM TP

1 pR racnal nabijawek paites aynitra gnay %20,867 akgna nakkujnunem

nurunem 8002 nuhat adaP .racnal avitka 86,7 pR helo nimajid naka

pR racnal nabijawek paites aynitra %60,136 idajnem nimajid naka 1

9002 nuhat adaP .racnal avitka 13,6 pR helo oisar tnerruc takgninem ini

1 pR racnal nabijawek paites aynitra %88,717 rasebes idajnem ilabmek

takgninem 0102 nuhat adaP .racnal avitka 71,7pR helo nimajid naka

s aynitra %43,167 rasebes idajnem naka 1 pR racnal nabijawek paite

.racnal avitka 16,7 pR helo nimajid

.c oitaR kciuQ

oitar kciuQ 7002 nuhat adap kbT UTAR AKITSUM TP

1 pR racnal nabijawek paites aynitra gnay %49,906 akgna nakkujnunem

em 8002 nuhat adaP .racnal avitka 90,6 pR helo nimajid naka imalagn

naka 1 pR racnal nabijawek paites aynitra %78,225 idajnem nanurunep

takgninem ilabmek 9002 nuhat adaP .racnal avitka 22,5 pR helo nimajid

naka 1 pR racnal nabijawek paites aynitra %69,906 rasebes idajnem

hat adaP .racnal avitka 90,6 pR helo nimajid idajnem takgninem 0102 nu

helo nimajid naka 1 pR racnal nabijawek paites aynitra %95,536 rasebes

.racnal avitka 53,6 pR

.d oitaR stessA latoT ot latipaC gnikroW


25

oitar stessa latot ot latipac gnikroW kbT UTAR AKITSUM TP

ra %29,46 akgna nakkujnunem 7002 nuhat ikilimem naahasurep aynit

helo ikilimid gnay avitka halmuj irad %29,46 rotok ajrek ladom

%11,56 idajnem natakgninep imalagnem 8002 nuhaT .naahasurep

halmuj irad %11,56 rotok ajrek ladom ikilimem naahasurep aynitra

uhaT .naahasurep helo ikilimid gnay avitka idajnem takgninem 9002 n

irad %77,56 rotok ajrek ladom ikilimem naahasurep aynitra %77,56

nanurunep imalagnem 0102 nuhaT .naahasurep helo ikilimid gnay avitka

%73,56 rotok ajrek ladom ikilimem naahasurep aynitra %73,56 idajnem

elo ikilimid gnay avitka irad .naahasurep h

.2 satilibavloS oisaR

.a oitaR tessA oT tbeD latoT

oitaR stessA latoT ot tbeD latoT adap nagnutihrep nakrasadreb

hurules isanulem kutnu UTAR AKITSUM TP naupmamek 7002 nuhat

rasebes halada ikilimid gnay avitka hurules nagned aynnabijawek

daP .%35,11 8002 nuhat a oitaR tbeD latoT ot stessA latoT imalagnem

latoT ot stessA latoT 9002 nuhat adaP .%24,41 idajnem natakgninep

nuhat adap naD .%64,31 idajnem nanurunep imalagnem oitaR tbeD

.%64,31 idajnem nanurunep imalagnem ilabmek 0102

.b aR ytiuqE oT tbeD latoT oit

oitar ytiuqe ot tbed latoT 7002 nuhat kbT UTAR AKITSUM TP

gnay iridnes ladom nagned aynnabijawek hurules isanulem kutnu

,8002 nuhat adap nakgnadeS .%30,31 rasebes halada ikilimid latoT


35

oitaR tbeD ot ytiuqE adaP .%48,61 idajnem natakgninep imalagnem

hat nuhat adap naD .%55,51 idajnem nanurunep imalagnem 9002 nu

.%74,41 idajnem nurunem ilabmek 0102

.3 satilibatneR oisaR

.a R nrute O n I tnemsevn

tnemsevni no nruteR 7002 nuhat adap kbT UTAR AKITSUM TP

naklisahgnem naka avitka latot 1 .pR paites aynitra %25,3 rasebes abal

naka 1 .pR paites aynitra %82,6 rasebes 8002 nuhat adaP .%25,3 hisreb

imalagnem 9002 nuhat adaP .%82,6 hisreb abal naklisahgnem

kian ilabmek 0102 nuhat adap nakgnades ,%57,5 idajnem nanurunep

.%23,6 idajnem

.b R nrute O n E ytiuq

ytiuqe no nruteR KITSUM TP 7002 nuhat adap kbT UTAR A

abal naklisahgnem naka ladom latot 1 .pR paites aynitra %89,3 rasebes

naka 1 .pR paites aynitra %43,7 rasebes 8002 nuhat adaP .%89,3 hisreb

imalagnem 9002 nuhat adaP .%43,7 hisreb abal naklisahgnem

gnades ,%46,6 idajnem nanurunep ilabmek 0102 nuhat adap nak

.%32,7 idajnem nakaianek imalagnem

.c oitaR nigraM ssorG

nigram tiforp ssorG 7002 nuhat adap kbT UTAR AKITSUM TP

oturb abal naklisahgnem natapadnep 1 .pR paites aynitra %85,55 rasebes

akgninem ini oisar 8002 nuhaT .55,0 .pR rasebes %76,55 idajnem t

.pR rasebes oturb abal naklisahgnem natapadnep 1 .pR paites aynitra


45

aynitra %64,65 idajnem takgninem ilabmek ini oisar 9002 nuhaT .55,0

.65,0 .pR rasebes oturb abal naklisahgnem natapadnep 1 .pR paites

idajnem nurunem ini oisar 0102 nuhaT 1 .pR paites aynitra %00,65

.65,0 .pR rasebes oturb abal naklisahgnem natapadnep

.d oitaR nigraM teN

nigram tiforp teN 7002 nuhat adap kbT UTAR AKITSUM TP

nah naahasurep aynitra ,%14,4 halada %14,4 naklisahgnem upmam ay

abal nep halmuj irad nalauj P .naahasurep %42,7 rasebes 8002 nuhat ada

naklisahgnem upmam naahasurep 8002 nuhat adap aynitra abal %42,7

nep halmuj irad nalauj %80,6 rasebes 9002 nuhat adap naD .naahasurep

idajnem abal naktakgninem upmam naahasurep 9002 nuhat adap aynitra

bes p halmuj irad %80,6 rase ne nalauj naahasurep s , nuhat adap nakgnade

upmam naahasurep 0102 nuhat adap aynitra %16,6 rasebes 0102

jnem abal naktakgninem nep irad %16,6 rasebes ida nalauj .naahasurep

.

.B lanA i sis dnerT

kutnu nakanugid gnay atad sisilanA ajnem gnay halasam nasumur baw

audek dnert sisilana nagned utiay gnay ialinem kutnu nakanugid nagnabmekrep

halada naahasurep nagned dnert sisilana gnutihgnem edotem nakanuggnem ehT

dohteM s’erauqS tsaeL :tukireb iagabes )licekreT tardauK edoteM(

X b + a = ’Y :surul sirag naamasreP


55

:anamiD

Y = bairav ialin le nakanugid naka gnay

X = rasad nuhat nad utkaw edoirep

a = lon nagned amas x alibapa Y ialin

b = nagnirimek )epols( utkaw ek utkaw irad Y ialin nahaburep uata dnert sirag

oitaR hsaC

1 .V rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR hsaC

.TP 7002 nuhaT kbT utaR akitsuM - 0102

awhab nakkujnunem aguj 1 .V rabmaG oitar hsac kbT utaR akitsuM .TP

oisar ialin irad tahilid tapad ini laH .nanurunep imalagnem nuhat tapme amales

adaP .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad nanurunep imalagnem gnay

uhat ialin ikilimem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP 7002 n oitar hsaC utiay iggnitret

tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites awhab itrareb gnay %45,682 rasebes

.68,2 pR rasebes sak nanimaj

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 8002 nuhat adaP oitar hsac %27,932 rasebes

rareb gnay pR rasebes sak nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites it

rasebes racnal gnatuh aynkian anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynhadneR .93,2

0

001

002

003

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar hsac 92,442 =Y - X96,01

oitar hsac


65

%66,14 s ,aynmulebes racnal gnatuh irad nakianek imalagnem sak nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %15,81 rasebes

aP ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 9002 nuhat ad oitar hsac %36,332 rasebes

pR rasebes sak nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites itrareb gnay

rasebes racnal gnatuh aynnurut anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynhadneR .33,2

%35,01 mulebes racnal gnatuh irad s ,ayn nanurunep imalagnem sak nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %08,21 rasebes

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 0102 nuhat adaP oitar hsac %92,712 rasebes

pR rasebes sak nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites itrareb gnay

.71,2 oitar hsaC em 0102 nuhat 7002 nuhat amales hadneret oitar hsac nakapur

aynnurut anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynhadneR .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas

%78,1 rasebes racnal gnatuh s ,aynmulebes racnal gnatuh irad aguj sak nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %37,8 rasebes nanurunep imalagnem

nakrasadreB rabmag id tahilid tapad sata isidnok oitar hsac akitsuM .TP

kbT utaR .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad dnert naamasrep iraD hsac

oitar rasebes fitagen b ialin helorepid - fitagen gnay b ialiN .96,01 nakkujnunem

awhab kbT utaR akitsuM .TP dnert nakkujnunem oitar hsac naahasurep

nanurunep imalagnem gnurednec 0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad lah ,

0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret

naahasurep kbT utaR akitsuM .TP kusam sak nanurunep imalagnem anerak

im gnarukreb ilebmep tan .


75

oitaR tnerruC

2 .V rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR tnerruC

7002 nuhaT kbT utaR akitsuM .TP - 0102

awhab nakkujnunem aguj 2 .V rabmaG oitar tnerruc utaR akitsuM .TP

d ini laH .nakianek nupuam nanurunep imalagnem nuhat tapme amales kbT tapa

7002 nuhat irad nanurunep nad nakianek imalagnem gnay oisar ialin irad tahilid

ikilimem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP 7002 nuhat adaP .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas

ialin oitar tnerruC paites awhab itrareb gnay %20,867 rasebes utiay iggnitret

rasebes racnal gnatuh .86,7 pR rasebes racnal avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 8002 nuhat adaP oitar tnerruc rasebes

avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites itrareb gnay %60,136

rak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynhadneR .13,6 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh aynkian ane

%66,14 rasebes racnal s ,aynmulebes racnal gnatuh irad racnal avitka nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %83,61 rasebes nakianek imalagnem aguj


gnatuh paites itrareb gnay %88,717 avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal

aynnurut anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .71,7 pR rasebes racnal

%35,01 rasebes racnal gnatuh s ,aynmulebes racnal gnatuh irad avitka nakgnade

mulebes nuhat irad %87,1 rasebes nakianek imalagnem racnal .ayn

096007017027037047

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar tnerrucX43,3 + 75,917 =Y

oitar tnerruc


85


avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites itrareb gnay %43,167

aynnurut anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .16,7 pR rasebes racnal

%78,1 rasebes racnal gnatuh irad s ,aynmulebes racnal gnatuh avitka nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %70,4 rasebes nakianek imalagnem racnal

nakrasadreB rabmag sata id tahilid tapad isidnok c tnerru oitar .TP

kbT utaR akitsuM .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad naamasrep iraD

dnert uc oitar tnerr fitisop gnay b ialiN .43,3 rasebes fitisop b ialin helorepid

awhab nakkujnunem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP dnert nakkujnunem oitar tnerruc

nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad nakianek imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep

anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,0102 nuhat nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad

gnarab halmuj nakupmunep imalagnem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP naahasurep 0102

.avitka halmuj ihuragnepmem aggnihes laujid kutnu aidesret

oitaR kciuQ

.V rabmaG 3 dnerT kifarG oitaR kciuQ


3.V rabmaG aguj awhab nakkujnunem oitar kciuq kbT utaR akitsuM .TP

tapad ini laH .nakianek nupuam nanurunep imalagnem nuhat tapme amales

045

065

085

006

026

046

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar kciuqX02,8 + 95,495 =Y

oitar kciuq


95

7002 nuhat irad nanurunep nad nakianek imalagnem gnay oisar ialin irad tahilid

hat adaP .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas ikilimem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP 7002 nu

ialin oitar kciuq racnal gnatuh paites awhab itrareb gnay %49,906 rasebes utiay

.90,6 pR rasebes racnal avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 8002 nuhat adaP oitar kciuq %78,225 rasebes

eb gnay racnal avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites itrar

racnal gnatuh aynkian anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynhadneR .22,5 pR rasebes

imalagnem racnal avitka nad aynmulebes racnal gnatuh irad %66,14 rasebes

rasebes nakianek uhat irad %83,61 s ,aynmulebes n naaidesrep nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %50,3 rasebes nanurunep imalagnem oitar kciuQ adap

nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat amales hadneret gnay nakapurem 8002 nuhat

.0102

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 9002 nuhat adaP oitar kciuq 69,906 rasebes %

racnal avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites itrareb gnay

gnatuh aynnurut anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .90,6 pR rasebes

imalagnem naaidesrep nad aynmulebes racnal gnatuh irad %35,01 rasebes racnal

rasebes nanurunep 57,01 s ,aynmulebes nuhat irad % racnal avitka nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %87,1 rasebes nakianek imalagnem

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 0102 nuhat adaP oitar kciuq %95,536 rasebes

racnal avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites itrareb gnay

bes gnatuh aynnurut anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .53,6 pR rase

h irad %78,1 rasebes racnal s ,aynmulebes racnal gnatu racnal avitka nakgnade


06

aguj naaidesrep nad aynmulebes nuhat irad %83,61 rasebes nakianek imalagnem

1 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem .aynmulebes nuhat irad %43,4

nakrasadreB rabmag sata id tahilid tapad isidnok kciuq oitar akitsuM .TP

kbT utaR .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad dnert naamasrep iraD

kciuq oitar fitisop gnay b ialiN .28,8 rasebes fitisop b ialin helorepid

kkujnunem awhab na kbT utaR akitsuM .TP dnert nakkujnunem kciuq oitar


nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,0102 nuhat

imalagnem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP naahasurep 0102 halmuj nahabmanep

.laujid kutnu gnarab halmuj naaidesrep

oitaR tessA latoT oT latipaC gnikroW

.V rabmaG 4 dnerT kifarG oitaR tessA latoT oT latipaC gnikroW


rabmaG .V aguj 4 awhab nakkujnunem tot ot latipac gnikrow oitar tessa la

nupuam nanurunep imalagnem nuhat tapme amales kbT utaR akitsuM .TP

nad nakianek imalagnem gnay oisar ialin irad tahilid tapad ini laH .nakianek

.TP 7002 nuhat adaP .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad nanurunep

%0

%02

%04

%06

%08

%001

7002 8002 9002 0102

ot latipac gnikrow latot oitar tessaX01,0 + 92,56 =Y

tessa ot latipac gnikrowoitar


16

ikilimem kbT utaR akitsuM rasebes utiay oitar tessa latot ot latipac gnikrow ialin

ini 7002 nuhat adaP .avitka irad rotok ajrek ladom nakapurem gnay %29,46

nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat amales hadneret gnay ialin nagned oisar nakapurem

.0102 nuhat

limem utaR akitsuM .TP 8002 nuhat adaP iki latot ot latipac gnikrow

tessa tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites itrareb gnay %11,56 rasebes

nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .56,0 pR rasebes avitka latot nanimaj

ad aynmulebes racnal gnatuh irad %66,14 rasebes racnal gnatuh aynkian anerak n

rasebes nakianek imalagnem racnal avitka ,.aynmulebes nuhat irad %83,61

s nuhat irad %82,21 rasebes nakianek imalagnem aguj avitka latot nakgnade

.aynmulebes

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 9002 nuhat adaP latot ot latipac gnikrow

tessa areb gnay %77,56 rasebes tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites itr

nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .66,0 pR rasebes avitka latot nanimaj

aynmulebes racnal gnatuh irad %35,01 rasebes racnal gnatuh aynnurut anerak

asebes nakianek imalagnem racnal avitka nad uhat irad %87,1 r ,.aynmulebes n

s nuhat irad %60,3 rasebes nakianek imalagnem aguj avitka latot nakgnade

nakapurem 8002 nuhat adap oitar tessa latot ot latipac gnikroW .aynmulebes

.0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat amales aynialin iggnitret gnay

kitsuM .TP 0102 nuhat adaP ikilimem utaR a latot ot latipac gnikrow

tessa tapadnem 1 pR rasebes racnal gnatuh paites itrareb gnay %73,56 rasebes

anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynnuruneM .56,0 pR rasebes avitka latot nanimaj

bes racnal gnatuh irad %78,1 rasebes racnal gnatuh aynnurut avitka nad aynmule


26

asebes nakianek imalagnem racnal s ,aynmulebes nuhat irad %70,4 r nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %66,5 rasebes nakianek imalagnem aguj avitka latot

nakrasadreB rabmag sata id tahilid tapad isidnok latot ot latipac gnikrow

tessa oitar .TP kbT utaR akitsuM .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad

dnert naamasrep iraD tessa latot ot latipac gnikrow oitar fitisop b ialin helorepid

fitisop gnay b ialiN .01,0 rasebes awhab nakkujnunem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP

dnert nakkujnunem ot ot latipac gnikrow tessa lat oitar gnurednec naahasurep

tubesret lah ,0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad nakianek imalagnem

.TP naahasurep 0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid

adap huragnepreb aggnihes gnarab nakupmunep imalagnem kbT utaR akitsuM

.naahasurep avitka latot halmuj

oitaR tessA oT tbeD latoT

.V rabmaG 5 dnerT kifarG oitaR tessA oT tbeD latoT


.V rabmaG awhab nakkujnunem aguj 5 oitar tessa ot tbed latot .TP

m nuhat tapme amales kbT utaR akitsuM .nakianek nupuam nanurunep imalagne

nanurunep nad nakianek imalagnem gnay oisar ialin irad tahilid tapad ini laH

2,214,216,218,21312,314,316,31

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar tessa ot tbed latotX21,0 + 10,31 =Y

oitar tessa ot tbed latot


36

utaR akitsuM .TP 7002 nuhat adaP .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad

ialin ikilimem kbT oitar tessa ot tbed latot ay %55,11 rasebes utiay itrareb gn

.11,0 pR rasebes avitka helo nimajid 1 pR rasebes gnatuh paites awhab

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 8002 nuhat adaP oitar tessa ot tbed latot

avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes gnatuh paites itrareb gnay %24,41 rasebes

yntakgnineM .41,0 pR rasebes latot aynkian anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin a

%14,04 rasebes gnatuh s ,aynmulebes gnatuh latot irad aguj avitka latot nakgnade

nuhat adaP .aynmulebes nuhat irad % 82,21 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem

8002 oitar tessa ot tbed latot es iggnitret gnay nakapurem 7002 nuhat amal

.0102 nuhat nagned iapmas


avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rasebes gnatuh paites itrareb gnay %64,31 rasebes

aynnurut anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynnuruneM .31,0 pR rasebes latot

%87,3 rasebes gnatuh s ,aynmulebes gnatuh latot irad avitka latot nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %60,3 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem


rasebes gnatuh paites itrareb gnay %46,21 rasebes avitka nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR

latot aynnurut anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynnuruneM .21,0 pR rasebes

%77,0 rasebes gnatuh s ,aynmulebes gnatuh latot irad avitka latot nakgnade

0102 nuhat adaP .aynmulebes nuhat irad %66,5 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem

atot iapmas 7002 nuhat amales hadneret gnay nakapurem oitar tessa ot tbed l

.0102 nuhat nagned


46

nakrasadreB rabmag sata id tahilid tapad isidnok oitar tessa ot tbed latot

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad iraD

dnert naamasrep d latot oitar tessa ot tbe rasebes fitisop b ialin helorepid 21,0 .

fitisop gnay b ialiN awhab nakkujnunem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP nakkujnunem

dnert oitar tessa ot tbed latot irad nakianek imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep

ubesret lah ,0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid t

imalagnem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP naahasurep 0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002

.avitka halmuj adap natakgninep

oitaR ytiuqE tbeD latoT

6 .V rabmaG dnerT kifarG itaR ytiuqE tbeD latoT o


aG awhab nakkujnunem aguj 6 .V rabm oitar ytiuqe ot tbed latot .TP

.nakianek nupuam nanurunep imalagnem nuhat tapme amales kbT utaR akitsuM


.0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad utaR akitsuM .TP 7002 nuhat adaP

ialin ikilimem kbT oitar ytiuqe ot tbed latot itrareb gnay %30,31 rasebes utiay

gnatuh paites awhab iridnes ladom nanimajid 1 pR rasebes .31,0 pR rasebes

41

5,41

51

5,51

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar ytiuqe ot tbed latotX51,0 + 79,41 =Y

oitar ytiuqe ot tbed latot


56

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 8002 nuhat adaP oitar ytiuqe ot tbed latot

ebes gnatuh paites itrareb gnay %48,61 rasebes ladom nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR ras

iridnes aynkian anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .61,0 pR rasebes

%14,04 rasebes gnatuh latot s ,aynmulebes gnatuh latot irad ladom latot nakgnade

kgninep imalagnem aguj nuhat adaP .aynmulebes nuhat irad %16,8 rasebes nata

nuhat amales aynialin iggnitret gnay nakapurem oitar ytiuqe ot tbed latot 8002

.0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002


areb gnay %55,51 rasebes bes gnatuh paites itr ladom nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR rase

iridnes aynnurut anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynnuruneM .51,0 pR rasebes

%87,3 rasebes gnatuh latot s ,aynmulebes gnatuh latot irad ladom latot nakgnade

s nuhat irad %12,4 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem .aynmulebe


ebes gnatuh paites itrareb gnay %74,41 rasebes ladom nanimaj tapadnem 1 pR ras

iridnes latot aynnurut anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynuruneM .41,0 pR rasebes

7,0 rasebes gnatuh %7 s ,aynmulebes gnatuh latot irad ladom latot nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %76,6 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem

nakrasadreB rabmag sata id tahilid tapad isidnok ytiuqe ot tbed latot oitar

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad raD i

dnert naamasrep ytiuqe ot tbed latot oitar .51,0 rasebes fitisop b ialin helorepid


dnert ytiuqe ot tbed latot oitar irad nakianek imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep

ned iapmas 7002 nuhat nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,0102 nuhat nag


66


.raseb hibel gnay avitka natakgninep

R tnemsevnI nO nrute

7.V rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR tnemsevnI nO nruteR

akitsuM .TP 7002 nuhaT kbT utaR - 0102

awhab nakkujnunem aguj 7.V rabmaG oitar tnemsevni no nruter .TP

.nakianek nupuam nanurunep imalagnem nuhat tapme amales kbT utaR akitsuM


7002 nuhat irad utaR akitsuM .TP 7002 nuhat adaP .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas

ialin ikilimem kbT oitar tnemsevni no nruter itrareb gnay %25,3 rasebes utiay

pR rasebes hisreb abal naklisahgnem naka 1 pR rasebes avitka latot paites awhab

.40,0

utaR akitsuM .TP 8002 nuhat adaP ikilimem oitar tnemsevni no nruter

naklisahgnem naka 1 pR rasebes avitka latot paites itrareb gnay %82,6 rasebes

anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .60,0 pR rasebes hisreb abal

%82,21 rasebes avitka latot aynkian s ,aynmulebes avitka latot irad ade nakgn

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %001 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem aguj hisreb abal

0

2

4

6

8

7002 8002 9002 0102

IORX93,0 + 74,5 =Y

IOR


76

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 9002 nuhat adaP oitar tnemsevni no nruter

naklisahgnem naka 1 pR rasebes avitka latot paites itrareb gnay %57,5 rasebes

.50,0 pR rasebes hisreb abal aynkian anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynnuruneM

%60,3 rasebes avitka latot s ,aynmulebes avitka latot irad hisreb abal nakgnade


ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 0102 nuhat adaP oitar tnemsevni no nruter

bes naklisahgnem naka 1 pR rasebes avitka latot paites itrareb gnay %23,6 rase


%66,5 rasebes avitka latot aynkian s ,aynmulebes avitka latot irad abal nakgnade

kgninep imalagnem aguj hisreb .aynmulebes nuhat irad %91,61 rasebes nata

0102 nuhat adaP oitar tnemsevni no nruter aynialin iggnitret gnay nakapurem

.0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat amales

nakrasadreB rabmag sata id tahilid tapad isidnok tnemsevni no nruter

oitar utaR akitsuM .TP kbT .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad iraD

dnert naamasrep tnemsevni no nruter oitar .93,0 rasebes fitisop b ialin helorepid


dnert tnemsevni no nruter oitar nurednec naahasurep irad nakianek imalagnem g

irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP naahasurep 0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat

.laujid kutnu aidesret gnarab halmuj nahabmanep imalagnem


86

R ytiuqE nO nrute

maG .V rab 8 dnerT kifarG oitaR ytiuqE nO nruteR


.V rabmaG awhab nakkujnunem aguj 8 oitar ytiuqe no nruter akitsuM .TP

ini laH .nakianek nupuam nanurunep imalagnem nuhat tapme amales kbT utaR

oisar ialin irad tahilid tapad nuhat irad nanurunep nad nakianek imalagnem gnay

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP 7002 nuhat adaP .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002

ialin ikilimem ytiuqe no nruter awhab itrareb gnay %89,3 rasebes utiay oitar

hisreb abal naklisahgnem naka 1 pR rasebes ladom latot paites .40,0 pR rasebes

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 8002 nuhat adaP oitar ytiuqe no nruter

naklisahgnem naka 1 pR rasebes ladom latot paites itrareb gnay %43,7 rasebes


sebes ladom latot aynkian 16,8 ra s ,aynmulebes ladom latot irad % abal nakgnade

adaP .aynmulebes nuhat irad %001 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem aguj hisreb

8002 nuhat oitar ytiuqe no nruter amales aynialin iggnitret gnay nakapurem

.0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat

0

2

4

6

8

01

7002 8002 9002 0102

EORX54,0 + 03,6 =Y

EOR


96

9002 nuhat adaP ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP oitar ytiuqe no nruter


aynkian anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynnuruneM .70,0 pR rasebes hisreb abal

12,4 rasebes ladom latot ynmulebes ladom latot irad % s ,a hisreb abal nakgnade


ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 0102 nuhat adaP oitar ytiuqe no nruter


neM .70,0 pR rasebes hisreb abal anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgni

76,6 rasebes ladom latot aynkian s ,aynmulebes ladom latot irad % abal nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %91,61 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem aguj hisreb

nakrasadreB rabmag sata id tahilid tapad isidnok ytiuqe no nruter oitar

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad iraD

dnert naamasrep ytiuqe no nruter oitar .54,0 rasebes fitisop b ialin helorepid


dnert ytiuqe no nruter oitar ep irad nakianek imalagnem gnurednec naahasur

nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat


da anerak laujid kutnu aidesret gnay gnarab halmuj natakgninep ayna

.gnarab nakupmunep


07

oitaR nigraM ssorG

9 .V rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR nigraM ssorG


awhab nakkujnunem aguj 9 .V rabmaG oitar nigram ssorg akitsuM .TP

upuam nanurunep imalagnem nuhat tapme amales kbT utaR ini laH .nakianek n

nuhat irad nanurunep nad nakianek imalagnem gnay oisar ialin irad tahilid tapad


paites awhab itrareb gnay %85,55 rasebes utiay oitar nigram ssorg ialin ikilimem

apadnep .55,0 pR rasebes oturb abal naklisahgnem naka 1 pR rasebes nat

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 8002 nuhat adaP oitar nigram ssorg rasebes

abal naklisahgnem naka 1 pR rasebes natapadnep paites itrareb gnay %76,55

id oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .65,0 pR rasebes oturb aynkian anerak nakbabes

rad %80,22 rasebes hisreb nalaujnep s ,aynmulebes hisreb nalaujnep i nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %82,22 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem aguj oturb abal

amales aynialin iggnitret gnay nakapurem oitar nigram ssorg 8002 nuhat adaP

uhat .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 n


abal naklisahgnem naka 1 pR rasebes natapadnep paites itrareb gnay %64,65

55

5,55

65

5,65

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar nigram ssorgX01,0 + 39,55 =Y

oitar nigram ssorg


17

aynkian anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .65,0 pR rasebes oturb

aujnep rad %72,21 rasebes hisreb nal s ,aynmulebes hisreb nalaujnep i nakgnade



bes natapadnep paites itrareb gnay %00,65 abal naklisahgnem naka 1 pR rase

aynkian anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynnuruneM .65,0 pR rasebes oturb



B nakrasadre rabmag sata id tahilid tapad isidnok nigram ssorg oitar .TP


dnert nigram ssorg oitar gnay b ialiN .01,0 rasebes fitisop b ialin helorepid

fitisop awhab nakkujnunem suM .TP kbT utaR akit dnert nakkujnunem ssorg

nigram oitar iapmas 7002 nuhat irad nakianek imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep

iapmas 7002 nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,0102 nuhat nagned

ahabmanep imalagnem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP naahasurep 0102 nuhat nagned n

.kudorp nalaujnep halmuj


27

oitaR nigraM teN

01 .V rabmaG dnerT kifarG oitaR nigraM teN


awhab nakkujnunem aguj 01 .V rabmaG oitar nigram ten akitsuM .TP

k nupuam nanurunep imalagnem nuhat tapme amales kbT utaR ini laH .nakiane

nuhat irad nanurunep nad nakianek imalagnem gnay oisar ialin irad tahilid tapad


ialin ikilimem oitar nigram ten awhab itrareb gnay %14,4 rasebes utiay

nem upmam naahasurep halmuj irad %14,4 rasebes hisreb abal naklisahg

.naahasurep nalaujnep

ikilimem utaR akitsuM .TP 8002 nuhat adaP oitar nigram ten rasebes

irad %42,7 rasebes abal naklisahgnem upmam naahasurep itrareb gnay %42,7

sid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .nalaujnep halmuj aynkian anerak nakbabe


.aynmulebes nuhat irad %001 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem aguj hisreb abal

8002 nuhat adaP oitar nigram ten amales aynialin iggnitret gnay nakapurem

02 nuhat .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 70

0

2

4

6

8

01

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar nigram tenX27,0 + 80,6 =Y

oitar nigram ten


37


irad %80,6 rasebes abal naklisahgnem upmam naahasurep itrareb gnay %80,6

nalaujnep aynkian anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin aynnuruneM .nalaujnep halmuj

bes hisreb rad %72,21 rase s ,aynmulebes hisreb nalaujnep i hisreb abal nakgnade



,6 rasebes abal naklisahgnem upmam naahasurep itrareb gnay %16,6 irad %16

aynkian anerak nakbabesid oisar ialin ayntakgnineM .nalaujnep halmuj

d %88,6 rasebes hisreb nalaujnep s ,aynmulebes hisreb nalaujnep ira nakgnade

.aynmulebes nuhat irad %91,61 rasebes natakgninep imalagnem aguj hisreb abal

nakrasadreB rabmag sata id tahilid tapad isidnok oitar nigram ten .TP


dnert nigram ten oitar fitisop gnay b ialiN .27,0 rasebes fitisop b ialin helorepid

awhab nakkujnunem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP ert nakkujnunem dn nigram ten oitar


nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,0102 nuhat

halmuj nahabmanep imalagnem kbT utaR akitsuM .TP naahasurep 0102 nuhat

.laujret gnay gnarab


47

3 .V lebaT

dnerT sisilanA nasakgniR lebaT

naahasureP .kbT utaR akitsuM .TP

7002 nuhaT – 0102

oisaR nagnareteK

:satidiukiL oisaR

.1 oitaR hsaC fitagen b ialin helorepid oitar hsac dnert naamasrep iraD

rasebes - oitar hsac dnert nakkujnunem inI .96,01

rep ahasu nanurunep imalagnem gnurednec na tubesret lah ,

nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid

imalagnem naahasurep 0102 nurunep na kusam sak anerak

.gnarukreb ilebmep tanim

.2 oitaR tnerruC nert naamasrep iraD tnerruc d b ialin helorepid oitar

isop fit rasebes 43,3 inI . tnerruc dnert nakkujnunem oitar

tubesret lah ,nakianek imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep


imalagnem naahasurep 0102 gnarab halmuj nakupmunep

laujid kutnu aidesret ihuragnepmem aggnihes halmuj

.avitka

.3 oitaR kciuQ nert naamasrep iraD kciuq d b ialin helorepid oitar fitisop

rasebes 02,8 inI . kciuq dnert nakkujnunem oitar

tubesret lah ,nakianek imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep


asurep 0102 imalagnem naah gnarab halmuj nakupmunep

halmuj ihuragnepmem aggnihes laujid kutnu aidesret

avitka racnal .

.4 gnikroW

oT latipaC

tessA latoT

oitaR

nert naamasrep iraD tessa latot ot latipac gnikrow d oitar

b ialin helorepid itisop rasebes f 01,0 akkujnunem inI . n

tessa latot ot latipac gnikrow dnert naahasurep oitar

nakbabesid tubesret lah ,nakianek imalagnem gnurednec


57

oisaR nagnareteK

0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat irad anerak

imalagnem naahasurep aggnihes gnarab nakupmunep

naahasurep avitka latot halmuj adap huragnepreb .

oisaR

satilibavloS

.5 oT tbeD latoT

oitaR tessA

nert naamasrep iraD tessa ot tbed latot d helorepid oitar

b ialin fitisop rasebes 21,0 inI . latot dnert nakkujnunem

tessa ot tbed imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep oitar

ad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,nakianek 7002 nuhat ir

imalagnem naahasurep 0102 nuhat nagned iapmas

avitka halmuj adap natakgninep racnal .

.6 oT tbeD latoT

oitaR ytiuqE

nert naamasrep iraD ytiuqe ot tbed latot d helorepid oitar

b ialin itisop rasebes f 51,0 inI . latot dnert nakkujnunem

tiuqe ot tbed y imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep oitar

7002 nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,nakianek


avitka natakgninep racnal raseb hibel gnay .

oisaR

satilibatneR

.7 R nrute O n

I tnemsevn

nert naamasrep iraD nruter d tnemsevni no helorepid oitar

b ialin fitisop rasebes 93,0 inI . nruter dnert nakkujnunem

tnemsevni no imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep oitar

7002 nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,nakianek


lmuj nahabmanep laujid kutnu aidesret gnarab ha .

.8 R nrute O n

E ytiuq

nert naamasrep iraD ytiuqe no nruter d helorepid oitar

b ialin fitisop rasebes 54,0 inI . nruter dnert nakkujnunem

ytiuqe no imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep oitar

irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah ,nakianek 7002 nuhat


67

oisaR nagnareteK


nep laujid kutnu aidesret gnay gnarab halmuj natakgni

.gnarab nakupmunep aynada anerak

.9 nigraM ssorG

oitaR

nert naamasrep iraD oitar nigram ssorg d helorepid oitar

b ialin fitisop rasebes 01,0 inI . em ssorg dnert nakkujnun

nigram ,nakianek imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep oitar

iapmas 7002 nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret lah

imalagnem naahasurep 0102 nuhat nagned nahabmanep

.kudorp nalaujnep halmuj

.01 nigraM teN

oitaR

iraD amasrep nert na nigram ten d r b ialin helorepid oita

fitisop rasebes 27,0 inI . nigram ten dnert nakkujnunem

lah ,nakianek imalagnem gnurednec naahasurep oitar

iapmas 7002 nuhat irad anerak nakbabesid tubesret

imalagnem naahasurep 0102 nuhat nagned nahabmanep

.laujret gnay gnarab halmuj


77

BAB IV

PUTUNEP

.A nalupmiseK

nuhat irad kbT utaR akitsuM .TP nagnauek atad sisilana nakrasadreB

:tukireb iagabes nalupmisek helorepid akam 0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002

.1 K l sisilana nakrasadreb kbT utaR akitsuM .TP ajreni adap nagnauek naropa

hat nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nu .0102 oisar iuhatekid nagnutihrep malaD

imalagnem ulales nuhat tapme amales kbT utaR akitsuM .TP naahasurep

.oisar ialin nanurunep nupuam nakianek isautkulf

.2 nagnabmekrep takgniT nakrasadreb kbT utaR akitsuM .TP naahasurep

ilana .0102 nuhat nagned iapmas 7002 nuhat adap nagnauek naropal dnert sis

gnay naahasurep ajrenik lebairav hulupes irad dnert sisilana nakrasadreB

itiletid nakianek imalagnem gnay nagnauek ajrenik lebairav nalibmes ada

fitisop b ialin ikilimem( g naamasrep adap dnert sira ) :utiay ,oitaR tnerruC

tessA ot tbeD latoT ,oitaR tessA latoT oT latipaC gnikroW ,oitaR kciuQ

fo etaR ,tnemsevnI no nruteR fo etaR ,oitaR ytiuqE ot tbeD latoT ,oitaR

.oitaR nigraM teN nad ,oitaR nigraM ssorG ,ytiuqE no nruteR lebairav utaS

nik nagnauek ajre dnert sirag naamasrep adap fitagen b ialin ikilimem

( nanurunep imalagnem ) utiay oitaR hsaC .


87

.B naitilenep nasatabreteK

nasatabretek aynada naka iradaynem silunep ini ispirks nasilunep malaD

m malad m utiay ,naitilenep nakukale aynsatabret hisa naitilenep edotem nad tala

nakanuggnem aynah siluneP .nakanugid gnay oisar malad oisar aparebeb

dnert sisilana atres satilibatner nad ,satilibavlos ,satidiukil .

.C naraS

:awhab naknaraynem silunep akam sata id sisilana lisah irad nakrasadreB

.1 suM .TP ajreniK dap nagnauek naropal sisilana nakrasadreb kbT utaR akit a

7002 nuhat - aparebeb adA .0102 nagnauek ajrenik lebairav imalagnem gnay

( utiay nakianek tessA latoT oT latipaC gnikroW ,oitaR kciuQ ,oitaR tnerruC

o nruteR fo etaR ,tnemsevnI no nruteR fo etaR ,oitaR nigraM ssorG ,ytiuqE n

oitaR nigraM teN nad ,oitaR ) akitsuM .TP helo naknahatrepid ulrep ini lah

.kbT utaR kutnu ipatet nakA oitaR tessA ot tbeD latoT nad ot tbeD latoT

oitaR ytiuqE tapad raga neisife araces gnatu alolegnem surah naahasurep

a naklisahgnem .raseb hibel gnay avitk ajrenik lebairav utas nakgnadeS

utiay nanurunep imalagnem nagnauek oitaR hsaC ini lah uti anerak helo ,

.igal naktakgnitid ulrep

.2 gnay nagnauek ajrenik lebairav aynkiabes ,ayntujnales naitilenep igaB

ep ajrenik ialinem kutnu nakanugid lebairav nagned habmat id naahasur

.nial gnay ajrenik


97

AKATSUP RATFAD

.7002 .iniraggnA atinuY nad nawanuG ,ortupasidA sinsiB naraggnA nakateC ..ATRAKAYGOY NPKY MITS PPU :tibreneP .amatreP

.4002 .rahoJ ,nifirA L sisilanA ap naro K nagnaue B sisabre K retupmo :atrakaJ .

rG kopmoleK odnitupmoK aideM kelE .TP tibreneP atoggnA ,aidema.IPAKI

.6002 .notsuoH nad eneguE ,mahgnirB rasaD - nagnaueK nemejanaM rasaD isidE .

.tapmE abmelaS :tibreneP .01

.1102 .mahrI ,imhaF nagnaueK ajreniK sisilanA .atebaflA tibreneP :gnudnaB .

.5002 .milaH ludbA nad hudmaM ,ifanaH ropal sisilanA nagnauek na isidE .PMA nakatecreP nad tibreneP tinU :atrakaygoY .audek - .NPKY

.7002 .irfayS nayfoS ,paharaH nagnaueK naropaL satA sitirK sisilanA :atrakaJ .

.adasreP odnifarGajaR .TP

.8991 .nansuH K nemejanaM nagnaue EFPB :atrakaygoY .2 ukuB . -.ATRAKAYGOY

I .4991 .aisenodnI isnatnukA natak nagnaueK isnatnukA radnatS tibreneP :atrakaJ .

tapmE abmelaS .

.9991 .omopuS gnabmaB nad ruN ,orotnairdnI sinsiB naitileneP igolodoteM .EFPB :atrakaygoY .amatreP isidE - .ATRAKAYGOY

.4002 .otnayigoJ nsiB naitileneP igolodoteM si :atrakaygoY .amatreP nakateC .

EFPB - .ATRAKAYGOY

.4002 .yeslaH nad maynamarbuS ,nhoJ sisylanA tnemetatS laicnaniF ehT .warGcM - .cnI ,seinapmoC lliH

.1002 .idayluM nemejanaM isnatnukA .tapmE abmelaS :tibreneP .3 isidE .

02 .riwanuM 10 . L asilanA a aueK narop nagn . .tapmeek isidE .ytrebiL :atrakaygoY

,notsimrO .4002 .resarF nagnaueK naropaL imahameM :atrakaJ .maneeK isidE .

.SKEDNI .TP

.5002 .ytnailuJ akfiR nad iwD ,owotsarP nagnaueK naropaL sisilanA isidE ..NPKY naahasureP nemejanaM imedakA :atrakaygoY .audek


08

.0102 .otoT ,idahirP isakilpA nad iroeT nagnaueK naropaL sisilanA .1 nakateC ..MPP tibreneP :atrakaJ

.0002 .otnukirA ,imisrahuS naitileneP nemejanaM AKENIR TP tibreneP :atrakaJ .

.ATPIC

.0102 .otnukirA ,imisrahuS naitileneP rudesorP P tibreneP :atrakaJ . AKENIR T.ATPIC

.5002 .kkd nhoJ ,dliW nagnaueK naropaL sisilanA tibreneP :atrakaJ .8 isidE ..tapmE abmelaS

.3002 .onoyraH ,pusuY rasaD - .I diliJ isnatnukA rasaD EITS :tibreneP .6 isidE

.atrakaygoY NPKY


NARIPMAL


18

NARIPMAL

OISAR SISILANA NAGNUTIHREP

.1 oitaR hsaC

lebaT 4

nagnutihreP oitaR hsaC

kbT utaR akitsuM .TP

7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT agrahreB taruS+saK racnaL gnatuH oisaR

7002 865.134.489.78 45,682

8002 175.908.372.401 27,932

9002 404.083.429.09 36,332

02 01 981.599.489.28 92,712

.2 oitaR tnerruC

lebaT 5

nagnutihreP tnerruC oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT racnaL avitkA racnaL gnatuH oisaR

7002 20,867

8002 60,136

9002 88,717

0102 43,167

558.460.607.03

827.272.894.34

547.231.819.83

144.895.091.83

634.994.928.532 558.460.607.03

825.906.894.472 827.272.894.34

935.766.683.972 547.231.819.83

381.664.167.092 144.895.091.83


28

.3 oitaR kciuQ

lebaT 6

nagnutihreP kciuQ oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT racnaL avitkA naaidesreP racnaL gnatuH oisaR

7002 49,906

8002 78,225

9002 69,906

0102 95,536

.4 oitaR tessA latoT oT latipaC gnikroW

lebaT 7

nagnutihreP oT oT latipaC gnikroW oitaR tessA lat


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT racnaL avitkA racnaL gnatuH avitkA latoT oisaR

7002 29,46

8002 11,56

9002 77,56

0102 73,56

558.460.607.03634.994.928.532 704.540.045.84

827.272.894.34825.906.894.472 993.421.850.74

547.231.819.83935.766.683.972 151.203.100.24

144.895.091.83381.664.167.092 933.535.520.84

634.994.928.532 558.460.607.03 856.227.779.513

825.906.894.472 827.272.894.34 269.326.087.453

935.766.683.972 547.231.819.83 339.717.536.563

381.664.167.092 144.895.091.83 519.244.253.683


38

.5 oitaR tessA oT tbeD latoT

lebaT 8

tessA oT tbeD latoT nagnutihreP oitaR

TP kbT utaR akitsuM .

7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT gnatuH latoT avitkA latoT oisaR

7002 35,11

8002 24,41

9002 64,31

0102 46,21

.6 oitaR ytiuqE oT tbeD latoT

lebaT 9

ytiuqE oT tbeD latoT nagnutihreP oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT gnatuH latoT ladoM oisaR

7002 30,31

8002 48,61

9002 55,51

0102 74,41

856.227.779.513081.453.624.63

269.326.087.453735.289.541.15

339.717.536.563380.803.112.94

519.244.253.683752.668.828.84

081.453.624.63 874.863.955.972

735.289.541.15 524.146.226.303

380.803.112.94 058.904.214.613

752.668.828.84 856.675.115.733


48

.7 oitaR tnemsevnI nO nruteR

lebaT 01

tnemsevnI nO nruteR nagnutihreP oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT hisreB abaL avitkA latoT oisaR

7002 25,3

8002 82,6

9002 57,5

0102 23,6

.8 oitaR ytiuqE nO nruteR

lebaT 11

ytiuqE nO nruteR nagnutihreP oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT hisreB abaL ladoM oisaR

7002 89,3

8002 43,7

9002 46,6

0102 32,7

856.227.779.513699.900.031.11

269.326.087.453707.760.092.22

339.717.536.563027.648.610.12

519.244.253.683039.697.814.42

699.900.031.11 874.863.955.972

707.760.092.22 524.146.226.303

027.648.610.12 058.904.214.613

039.697.814.42 856.675.115.733


58

.9 nigraM ssorG oitaR

lebaT 21

nigraM ssorG nagnutihreP oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT rotoK abaL hisreB nalaujneP oisaR

7002 85,55

8002 76,55

9002 64,65

0102 00,65

.01 oitaR nigraM teN

lebaT 31

nigraM teN nagnutihreP oitaR

itsuM .TP kbT utaR ak

7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT hisreB abaL hisreB nalaujneP oisaR

7002 14,4

8002 42,7

9002 80,6

0102 16,6

475.928.221.252644.871.531.041

987.062.408.703203.550.653.171

463.358.575.543200.242.021.591

388.470.663.963372.492.248.602

699.900.031.11 475.928.221.252

707.760.092.22 987.062.408.703

027.648.610.12 463.358.575.543

039.697.814.42 388.470.663.963


68

NARIPMAL

DNERT SISILANA KINKET NAGNUTIHREP

41 lebaT

dnerT oitaR hsaC


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT r hsac=Y oita X 2X YX Xb+a=Y 7002 45,682 -3 9 - 26,958 63,672 8002 27,932 -1 1 - 27,932 89,452 9002 36,332 1 1 36,332 6,332 0102 92,712 3 9 78,156 22,212 latoT 81,779

02 - 48,312

Xb + a = Y :dnerT naamasreP

= a n / Y 592,442 =

= b / YX ²X = - 296,01

Xb + a = Y :dnerT naamasreP Y 92,442 = - 96,01 X

:nuhat pait dnert ialiN a b X Y : 7002 nuhaT 92,442 - 96,01 -3 63,672 : 8002 nuhaT 92,442 -1 96,0 -1 89,452 : 9002 nuhaT 92,442 - 96,01 1 6,332 : 0102 nuhaT 92,442 - 96,01 3 22,212

0

05

001

051

002

052

003

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar hsac

oitar hsac


78

51 lebaT

tnerruC dnerT oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT oitar tnerruc =Y X ²X YX xB+a=Y 7002 20,867 -3 9 - 60,4032 55,907 8002 60,136 -1 1 - 60,136 32,617 9002 88,717 1 1 88,717 19,227 0102 43,167 3 9 20,4822 95,927 latoT 3,8782

02 87,66

:tukireb iagabes halada b nad a ialin akam sata id lebat adap atad nakrasadreB

= a n / Y = 575,917

= b / YX ²X = 933,3

Xb + a = Y :dnerT naamasreP Y X43,3 + 75,917 =

:nuhat pait dnert ialiN a b X Y Xb+a= : 7002 nuhaT 75,917 43,3 -3 55,907 : 8002 nuhaT 75,917 ,3 43 -1 32,617 : 9002 nuhaT 75,917 43,3 1 19,227 : 0102 nuhaT 75,917 43,3 3 95,927

596

007

507

017

517

027

527

037

537

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar tnerruc

oitar tnerruc


88

61 lebaT

kciuQ dnerT oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT kciuq=Y

oitar X ²X YX Xb+a=Y 7002 49,906 -3 9 - 28,9281 99,965 8002 78,225 -1 1 - 78,225 93,685 9002 69,906 1 1 69,906 97,206 0102 95,536 3 9 77,6091 91,916 latoT 63,8732

02 40,461


= a n / Y = 95,495

= b / YX ²X = 202,8


:nuhat pait dnert ialiN a b X Y Xb+a= : 7002 nuhaT 95,495 2,8 -3 99,965 : 8002 nuhaT 95,495 ,8 2 -1 93,685 : 9002 nuhaT 95,495 2,8 1 97,206 : 0102 nuhaT 95,495 2,8 3 91,916

045055065075085095006016026036

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar kciuq

oitar kciuq


98

71 lebaT

dnerT kroW tessA latoT oT latipaC gni oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT

gnikrow=Y ot latipac tessa latot


02 10,2


= a n / Y = 5292,56

= b / YX ²X = 5001,0


:nuhat pait dnert ialiN a b X Y Xb+a= : 7002 nuhaT 92,56 1,0 -3 99,46 : 8002 nuhaT 92,56 1,0 -1 91,56 : 9002 nuhaT 92,56 1,0 1 93,56 : 0102 nuhaT 92,56 1,0 3 95,56

%0

%02

%04

%06

%08

%001

7002 8002 9002 0102

ot latipac gnikrow latot oitar tessa

tessa ot latipac gnikrowoitar


09

81 lebaT

tessA oT tbeD latoT dnerT oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT

latot =Y ot tbedoitar tessa X ²X YX Xb+a=Y

7002 35,11 -3 9 - 95,43 56,21 8002 24,41 -1 1 - 24,41 98,21 9002 64,31 1 1 64,31 31,31 0102 46,21 3 9 29,73 73,31 latoT 50,25

02 73,2


= a n / Y = 5210,31

= b / YX ²X = 5811,0


:nuhat pait dnert ialiN a b X Y Xb+a= : 7002 nuhaT 10,31 21,0 -3 56,21 : 8002 nuhaT 10,31 1,0 2 -1 98,21 : 9002 nuhaT 10,31 21,0 1 31,31 : 0102 nuhaT 10,31 21,0 3 73,31

2,214,216,218,21312,314,316,31

7002 8002 9002 0102




19

91 lebaT

dnerT oitaR ytiuqE tbeD latoT


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT tbed latot =Y

oitar ytiuqe ot X ²X YX Xb+a=Y 7002 30,31 -3 9 - 90,93 25,41 8002 48,61 -1 1 - 48,61 28,41 9002 55,51 1 1 55,51 21,51 0102 74,41 3 9 14,34 24,51 latoT 98,95

02 30,3


= a n / Y = 5279,41

= b / YX ²X = 5151,0


:nuhat pait dnert ialiN a b X Y Xb+a= : 7002 nuhaT 79,41 51,0 -3 25,41 : 8002 nuhaT 79,41 1,0 5 -1 28,41 : 9002 nuhaT 79,41 51,0 1 21,51 : 0102 nuhaT 79,41 51,0 3 24,51

412,414,416,418,41512,514,516,51

7002 8002 9002 0102




29

02 lebaT

tnemsevnI nO nruteR dnerT oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT IOR =Y X ²X YX Xb+a=Y 7002 25,3 -3 9 - 65,01 3,4 8002 82,6 -1 1 - 82,6 80,5 9002 57,5 1 1 57,5 68,5 0102 23,6 3 9 69,81 46,6 latoT 78,12

02 78,7


= a n / Y = 5764,5

= b / YX ²X = 5393,0



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

7002 8002 9002 0102

IOR

IOR


39

12 lebaT

ytiuqE nO nruteR dnerT oitaR


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT EOR =Y X ²X YX Xb+a=Y 7002 89,3 -3 9 - 49,11 59,4 8002 43,7 -1 1 - 43,7 58,5 9002 46,6 1 1 46,6 57,6 0102 32,7 3 9 96,12 56,7 latoT 91,52

02 50,9


= a n / Y = 5792,6

= b / YX ²X = 5254,0



0123456789

7002 8002 9002 0102

EOR

EOR


49

22 lebaT

dnerT oitaR nigraM ssorG


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT

ssorg =Y nigram

oitar X ²X YX Xb+a=Y 7002 85,55 -3 9 - 47,661 36,55 8002 76,55 -1 1 - 76,55 38,55 9002 64,65 1 1 64,65 30,65 0102 65 3 9 861 32,65 latoT 17,322

02 50,2


= a n / Y = 5729,55

= b / YX ²X = 5201,0



2,55

4,55

6,55

8,55

65

2,65

4,65

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar nigram ssorg

oitar nigram ssorg


59

32 lebaT

dnerT oitaR nigraM teN


7002 nuhaT - 0102

nuhaT

ten =Y nigram


02 44,5


= a n / Y = 580,6

= b / YX ²X = 272,0



012

3456

789

7002 8002 9002 0102

oitar nigram ten

oitar nigram ten


69


79


89


99


001


101


201


301


401


501


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