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i

MARGORP HURAGNEP ( 3K NAD AJREK NATAMALESEK

AJREK NATAHESEK ) AHRET PAD AJRENIK NAWAYRAK idutS aK uraBudaM .TP sus

nakodaP – olomrinotriT nahisaK B lutna atrakaygoY

ISPIRKS

nakujaiD kutnU utaS halaS ihunemeM tarayS helorepmeM raleG anajraS imonokE

margorP idutS nemejanaM

nususiD : helO

itranuS irS anahoY

412270 : MIN 090

NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP NEMEJANAM NASURUJ

IMONOKE SATLUKAF AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY 102 3

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

ii

ispirkS

MARGORP HURAGNEP ( 3K MARGORP NAD AJREK NATAMALESEK

AJREK NATAHESEK ) NAWAYRAK AJRENIK PADAHRET

AM .TP UD NAKODAP URAB – LUTNAB NAHISAK OLOMRINOTRIT

ATRAKAYGOY

: helO

irS anahoY itranuS

70 : miN 0904122

: helo iujutesid haleT

ii

ispirkS




ATRAKAYGOY

: helO

irS anahoY itranuS

70 : miN 0904122


ii

ispirkS




ATRAKAYGOY

: helO

irS anahoY itranuS

70 : miN 0904122



iii


vi

ottom

halada niramek halada gnarakes..harajes

..…iretsim halada kose..naataynek

yawa si ereht lliw a si ereht

D I I ,o ’ gnizamA m

: adapek nakhabmesrep uka ini ispirkS

sutsirK suseY nahuT atnicret gnay amam nad apaP

araduaS - ukaraduas amrad atanaS satisrevinU retamamlA


v

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

IMONOKE SATLUKAF

NEMEJANAM NASURUJ - NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP

SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NATAYNREP

: luduj nagned ispirkS awhab nakataynem ayas ,ini hawabid nagnat adnatreb gnaY

NATAHESEK NAD NATAMALESEK( 3K MARGORP HURAGNEP )AJREK NAWAYRAK AJRENIK PADAHRET URAB UDAM .TPNAKODAP - ATRAKAYGOY LUTNAB NAHISAK OLOMRINOTRIT

.ayas ayrak lisah halada 3102 sutsugA 72 laggnat adap ijuid kutnu nakujaid naD

huggnus nagned nakataynem ayas ,ini nagneD - ini ispirks malad awhab huggnus tapadret kadit libma ayas gnay nial gnaro nasilut naigabes uata nahurulesek

lobmis uata tamilak naiakgnar kutneb malad urinem uata ,nilaynem arac nagned gnay nial silunep irad narikimep uata tapadnep uata nasagag nakkujnunem gnay

haloes iuka ayas - yas nasilut iagabes halo naigab tapadret kadit uata nad ,iridnes a nasilut irad libma ayas uata ,urit ayas ,nilas ayas gnay nasilut nahurulesek uata adap )isnerefer malad naktubesid( naukagnep nakirebmem apnat nial gnaro

.aynilsa silunep

et ayas awhab itkubret irah naidumekid aliB tubesret nakadnit nakukalem ataynr raleg nad nakrugugid ini ispirks utiay isknas amirenem aidesreb ayas akam naruta nagned iauses sesorpid atres naklatabid ).E.S( helorep ayas gnay kimedaka

gnadnurep - ad 52 lasap ,3002 nuhaT 02 .oN UU( ukalreb gnay nagnadnu lasap n.)07

,atrakaygoY 03 3102 sutsugA ,naataynrep taubmem gnaY

itranus irS anahoY

090412270 ; MIN


iv

ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMELSIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawbid nagnat adnatreb gnaY :

itranus irS anahoY : amaN

090412270 : miN

naakatsuprep adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD: ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

NAD AJREK NATAMALESEK( 3K MARGORP HURAGNEPAJRENIK PADAHRET )AJREK NATAHESEK NAWAYRAK

NAKODAP URAB UDAM .TP - NAHISAK OLOMRINOTRITATRAKAYGOY LUTNAB

ayas naikimed nagneD .) ada alib ( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseB kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem

,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutneb malad aynalolegnem kutnu nial aidem uata tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,atad naijakgnep itlayor nakirebmem nupuam ayas irad nizi atnimem apnat simedaka nagnitnepek

.silunep iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek

ynrep naikimeD ,aynranebes nagned silut ayas ini naata

atrakaygoY id taubiD

laggnat adaP 03 sutsugA 3102

nakataynem gnaY

itranuS irS anahoY


iiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK

ainurak sata asE ahaM gnaY nahuT adapek rukuys ijup nad hisak amireT

tapad silunep aggnihes ,ayNtamhar nad ludujreb gnay ispirks nakiaseleynem

padahreT )ajreK nataheseK naD ajreK natamaleseK( 3K margorP huragneP“

nakodaP uraB udaM .TP nawayraK ajreniK – lutnaB nahisaK olomrinotriT

”atrakaygoY helorepmem kutnu tarays utas halas iagabes silutid ini ispirkS .

aleg imonokE satlukaF nemejanaM idutS margorP adap imonokE anajraS r

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

iagabreb nautnab takreb kiab nagned iaseles tapad ini ispirks siluneP

: adapek hisakamiret nakpacugnem nigi silunep uti kutnU ,kahip

.1 diraM yrreH .rD kapaB imonokE satlukaF nakeD ukaleS .iS.M ,oj

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.2 idutS margorP auteK ukaleS .iS.M ,E.S ,otnaawruP sakuL .rD kapaB

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU nemejanaM

.3 aguj gnay ,I gnibmibmeP nesoD ukaleS .A.B.M ,idatuS .hT .srD kapaB

nad nakharagnem hale .itah nahuggnusek nagned silunep gnibmibmem

.4 aguj gnay ,II gnibmibmep ukales .iS.M ,otonraH gnabmaB .L .srD kapaB

idajnem ini ispirks aggnihes silunep gnibmibmem nad nakharagnem halet

.anrupmes hibel

.5 mit atoggna ukaleS .iS ,M ,itnadraH iniR .arD ubI halet gnay ijugnep

.anugreb tagnas gnay nakusam rebmem


iiiv

.6 arap nad uraB udaM .TP isalatsnI gabaK ukales .R kifuaT kapaB

utnabmem nad nizi nakirebmem halet gnay isalatsni nuisats nawayrak

akamiret ,ini naitilenep nakukalem tapad silunep aggnihes itrareb tagnas his

.aynamasajrek sata

.7 atanaS satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF nawayraK nad nesoD panegeS

nanayalep nad agrahreb gnay narajagnep nakirebmem halet gnay amrahD

supmakid umli hupmenem silunep amales nasekreb tagnas gnay

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.8 auT ganarO audeK ayas gnay meyimuT .hT nad odnowuS .xF kapaB uk

itneh kadit nad nakirebid halet gnay gnayas hisak sata hisakamirt ,iatnic -

.silunep adapek nagnukud nad aod nakirebmem aynitneh

.9 araduaS - ulales gnay leunammI nad adnaW ,aisuL kida ,ayas araduas

nukud nakirebmem .ini taas iapmas tagnames nad aod nag

.01 sata aguj nad ini amales silunep utnabmem kaynab halet gnay senaH saM

.aynaod

.11 .nameT hisakamiret ,7002 NAM silunep nagnaujrepes nameT

.21 tabahaS – ,ybeD ,oroksaB ,tigiW ,gnanaN ,ijA ,ateD ,eifA ,uktabahas

sata hisA ,irtuP atres nakirebid gnay tagnames nad aynnautnab

atik taub seskuS .atrakaygoY id adareb silunep amales naamasrebek

.aumes

.31 gnay ini ispirks nanusuynep malad utnabmem halet gnay kahip aumeS

utas naktubesid tapad kadit - .utasrep


xi

ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP nasatabretek anerak nagnarukek kaynab ini

nakparahgnem silunep ,uti anerak helO .silunep ikilimid gnay namalagnep nad

nakanrupmeynem anug acabmep arap irad nugnabmem gnay naras nad kitirk

m nahab idajnem tapad nad taafnamreb ini ispirks agomeS .ini ispirks nakusa

naker igab - .ispirks nsusuynem malad naker

,atrakaygoY 03 3102 sutsugA

silunep


x

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH …………………………………………………… i

…………………………GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ii

..………………………………………… NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH iii

…………………………………………NAHABMESREP NAMALAH vi

v ..……………………… SILUT AYRAK NAATAYNREP NAMALAH

SREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL AMALAH ..ISAKILBUP NAUJUTE iv

iiv .…………………………………… RATNAGNEP ATAK NAMALAH

x ……………………………………………… ISI RATFAD NAMALAH

LEBAT RATFAD NAMALAH iiix …………………………………………

vix ..…………………………………… RABMAG RATFAD NAMALAH

vx ..………………………………… NARIPMAL RATFAD NAMALAH

ivx ..……………………………………………… KARTSBA NAMALAH

NAULUHADNEP .I BAB

.A ………………………………………… halasaM gnakaleB rataL 1

.B …………………………………………… halasaM nasumuR .… 4

.C 4 .…………………………………………… halasaM nasatabmeP

.D ..……………………………………………… naitileneP naujuT 5 .E ...…………………………………………… naitileneP taafnaM 6

AKATSUP NAIJAK .II BAB

.A .………………………………………………… iroeT nasadnaL 8 .1 ..………..………………aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM 8 .2 naitregneP ..………………………… ...……………ajreniK 8 .3 naakalecek naitregneP ……………………………………… 21 .4 rotkaF - naakaleceK rotkaf .…….……………………………. 21 .5 ...……………ajreK nataheseK nad natamaleseK naitregneP 51

.a ………………………………………ajreK natamaleseK 61

.b …………………………………………ajreK nataheseK 91 .6 maleseK naujuT ajreK nataheseK nad nata .………………… 52


ix

.7 3K nemejanaM metsiS …...………………………………… 72

.8 3K margorP .………………………………………………… 82

.9 ..………………………………………3K mukuH nasadnaL 23 .B .…………...……………………………… uluhadreT naitileneP 33 .C akgnareK lautpesnoK ……………………………………...…… 53 .D sisetopiH ...……………………………………………………… 63

NAITILENEP KINHET NAD EDOTEM .III BAB

.A ………………………………………………… naitileneP sineJ 73

.B .……………………………………naitileneP kejbO nad kejbuS 73

.C ……………………………………naitileneP isakoL nad utkaW 73

.D ………………………………………………naitileneP lebairaV 83 .E maS nad isalupoP .……………………………………………lep 83

.1 ..…………………………………………………… isalupoP 83

.2 ……………………………………………………… lepmaS 93

.3 ..……………………………… lepmaS nalibmagneP kinkeT 04 .F ..……………………………………………………ataD rebmuS 14

.a ..………………………………….….………… remirP ataD 14

.b .………………………………… ..….………rednukeS ataD 14 .G ………………………………………ataD nalupmugneP kinheT 24 .H ..…………………………...………………lebairaV lanoisarepO 54

.1 ………………………………………… lebairaV isakifitnedI 54 .a .……………………………………tnednepednI lebairaV 54 .b ………………………………………tnednepeD lebairaV 54

.2 ..………………………………lebairaV lanoisarepO isinifeD 54 .a orP marg ajrek natahesek nad natamaleseK ……………… 54 .b amaleseK isakilbuP ajreK nat …………………………… 64 .c ajreK nagnukgniL lortnoK ……………………………… 74 .d ..………………………………nilpisiD nad nasawagneP 84 .e ………………………………3K naradaseK natakgnineP 94 .f ……………………………………………………ajreniK 05

.I emurtsnI naijugneP kinnkeT ……………………………………n 45 .1 satidilaV ijU ..…………………………………………… 45 .2 .……………………….……………….… satilibaeR ijU . 55 .3 ...…………………………………… kisalK ismusA ijU 56

.J ..……………………..…………………… ataD sisilanA kinkeT 06 .1 ………………………… adnagreb reinil iserger sisilanA 06 .2 ..…..……………………… erauqS R nad R iju sisilanA 16 .3 U ..……………………………………………laisraP T ij 26

NAITILENEP KEYBUS MUMU NARABMAG .VI BAB

.A ……………………………………… naahasureP mumU harajeS 56

.B .……………………………………………… naahasureP isakoL 76


iix

.C …………………………………………………… isiM nad isiV 86

.D 07 ……………………………………………… isasinagrO rutkurtS .E ..………………………………………… aisunaM ayaD rebmuS 47 .F .………………………………………………………… iskudorP 08 .G .……………………………………………………… narasameP 38 .H ...…………………… nagnukgniL aniB nad naartimeK margorP 48

ATAD SISILANA .V BAB

.A ……………………………………………… ataD nadilaveK ijU 58 .1 .…………………………………… satidilaV ………………. 58 .2 ………..………………………………………… satilibaileR 88

.B …………………………………… naitileneP lebairaV ispirkseD 98 .1 …………………………………………………nimaleK sineJ 98 .2 .……..……………………………………………………aisU 09 .3 ..…………………………………………nakididneP takgniT 09

.C .………………………………………………… naitileneP lisaH 19 .1 nahitaleP ...…..………………………………… natamalesek 19 .2 ………………………………… ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 29 .3 …………………………………… ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 39 .4 .……………………………………nilpisid nad nasawagneP 49 .5 ...…………………………………3K naradasek natakgnineP 59 .6 ..………………………………………………………ajreniK 69

.D K ismusA ijU ..………………………………………………kisal 79 .4 .……………………………………………… satilamroN ijU 79 .5 ……………………………………… satisitsadeksoreteH ijU 89 .6 ………………………………………… satiraenilokitluM ijU 99 .7 ..…………………………………………… isalerokotuA ijU 001

.E ……………………………………………… fitatitnauK sisilanA 101

.F geR sisilanA lisaH …………………………………………… iser 201 .1 .………………………………………… sisetopiH naijugneP 301

.a ..…………………………………………………… F ijU 301

.b ……………………………………………………… t ijU 501 .G ...…………………………………………………… nasahabmeP 701

NARAS NAD NALUPMIS .V BAB

.A .……………………………………………………… nalupmiS 111

.B naraS …………………………………………………………… 211 ..............................................................................AKATSUP RATFAD 501

........................................................................................... NARIPMAL 701


iiix

ebaT ratfaD l

lebaT luduJ namalaH 1.3 adaP isalupoP halmuJ …………………… omsikudaM.TP 93 2.3 ................................. uraB udaM .TP adaP lepmaS halmuJ 14 1.4 halmuJ ……………………………… nanipmiP nawayraK 57 2.4 halmuJ ……………………………… anaskalep nawayraK 67 3.4 nawayrak halmuJ ……… nagnaueK nad isnatnukA naigaB 67 4.4 nawayrak halmuJ ..…………………… narasameP naigaB 77 5.4 nawayrak halmuJ .……………………… namanaT naigaB 77 6.4 ................ natukgnA nad gnabeT naigaB nawayrak halmuJ 77 7.4 atsnI naigaB nawayrak halmuJ ...................................... isal 77 8.4 .............................. GP isakirbaP naigaB nawayrak halmuJ 87 9.4 ....................... sutripS isakirbaP naigaB nawayrak halmuJ 87 1.5 satidilav set namukgnaR 3K margorP …………………… 78 2.5 gnaR ajreniK satidilav set namuk nawayrak ..…………… 88 3.5 satilibailer iju lisah namukgnaR ………………………… 98 4.5 nimaleK sineJ rasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK .……… 98 5.5 nawayraK aisU nakrasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK .… 09 6.5 nednopseR kitsiretkaraK nakididneP takgniT nakrasadreB 09 7.5 lebairaV ispirkseD X( natamalesek nahitaleP 1) .………… 19 8.5 lebairaV ispirkseD X( ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 2) …… 29 9.5 ispirkseD X( ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 3) ..……………… 39 01.5 ispirkseD X( nilpisid nad nasawagneP 4) ………………… 49 11.5 ispirkseD X( 3K naradasek natakgnineP 5) .……………… 59 21.5 lebairaV ispirkseD )Y( ajreniK …………………………… 69 31.5 enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS ………………… 89 41.5 atiraenilokitluM ijU 001 ……………………………………… 51.5 isalerok otuA ijU 101 ………………………………………… 61.5 adnagreB reiniL iseregeR lisaH namukgnaR 201 …………… 71.5 H gnuti lisaH F 401 ……………………………………………


vix

rabmaG ratfaD

rabmaG luduJ namalaH

1.II aahasureP ayaiB ……… ajreK naakaleceK tabikA n 31

2.II nareK akg ……………………………… lautpesnoK 53

1 .VI O rukurtS ……………… uraB udaM .TP isasinagr 07

1 .V satisitsadeksoreteH ijU …………………………… 99


vx

NARIPMAL RATFAD luduJ naripmaL romoN

namalaH

611 …………………………………… naitilenep renoiseuk I naripmaL

II naripmaL 121 . .…………………………… nednopseR satitnedI ataD

III naripmaL 521 …………………… nednopser satitbedI isubirtsiD ataD

721 ..…………………………… nednopseR lebairaV ataD VI naripmaL

V naripmaL 941 ……………………… nednopseR lebraV irogetaK ataD

51 …………………………… satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU IV naripmaL 1

IIV naripmaL 861 ...…………………………………… kisalK ismusA ijU

IIIV naripmaL 571 ………………………………………………… isergeR

XI naripmaL 381 …………………………………… naitileneP nijI taruS


ivx

KARTSBA

NAD AJREK NATAMALESEK( 3K MARGORP HURAGNEP )AJREK NATAHESEK NAWAYRAK AJRENIK PADAHRET

NAKODAP URAB UDAM .TP – NAHISAK OLOMRINOTRITATRAKAYGOY LUTNAB

itranuS irS anahoY

amrahD atanas satisrevinU atrakaygoY

3102

padahret 3K margorp nagnubuh iuhatgnem kutnu naujutreb ini naitilenePK ajreni K , uraB udaM .TP nawayra es ini naitilenep lepmaS .atrakaygoY kaynab

et ,isalatsni naigab irad nawayrak 59 k halada aynlepmas nalibmagnep kingnilpmas modnar deifitarts etanoitroporp naitileneP . naumet naklisahgnem ini

awhab natlumis araces nad nataheseK lebairav K natamalese K eb ajre huragneprnakifingis padahret K ajreni K nawayra ini naitilenep laisrap araces nakgnadeS .

huragnepreb ajreK natamaleseK nahitaleP )1( elbairav awhab naklisahgnem kadit natamaleseK isakilbuP )2( ,nawayraK ajreniK padahret nakifingis araces

araces huragnepreb lortnoK )3( ,nawayraK ajreniK padahret nakifingis ajreniK padahret nakifingis araces huragnepreb kadit ajreK nagnukgniL nakifingis araces huragnepreb kadit nilpisiD nad nasawagneP )4( ,nawayraK

araces huragnepreb 3K naradaseK )5( ,nawayraK ajreniK padahret nakifingis naklupmisid tapad akam sataid naitilenep lisah iraD .nawayraK ajreniK padahret ,uraB udaM .TP nawayraK ajreniK padahret huragnepreb 3K margorp awhab

.atrakaygoY idni iraD k ,irad iridret gnay 3K margorp rota P nahitale K ,natamaleseP isakilbu K ese natamal K ,ajre K lortno L nagnukgni K ,ajre P nad nasawagneD nad nilpisi K nahitaleP aynah 3K naradase K nad natamalese K naradase K gnay 3

padahret huragnepreb K .atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP ajreni


iivx

ARTSBA TC

EHT KROW EFAS DNA HTLAEH FO TCAPMI EHT NO MARGORP .dtL NAKODAP URAB UDAM TA ECNAMROFREP SREKROW

OLOMRINOTRIT – NAHISAK – LUTNAB – ATRAKAYGOY

itranuS irS anahoY amrahD atanaS ytisrevinU

atrakaygoY 3102

eht fo tcapmi eht yfitnedi ot saw hcraeser eht fo esoprup ehT lanoitapuccO nakodaP uraB udaM ta ecnamrofrep srekrow eht no margorp ytefaS dna htlaeH fo srekrow 59 fo detsisnoc hcraeser eht rof elpmas ehT .atrakaygoY ,dtL etanoitroporp eht saw euqinhcet gnikat elpmas ehT .tnemtraped noitalatsnI

pmas modnar deifitarts nil .g eht ,ylsuoanetlumis taht dewohs hcraeser ehT eht no tcapmi tnacifingis evah did selbairav ytefaS dna htlaeH lanoitapuccO gniniarT )1( :,yllaitrap taht dewohs hcraeser eht ,saerehw ecnamrofrep srekrow

tcapmi tnacifingis a dah ytefaS lanoitapuccO no eht fo ecnamrofrep eht noytefaS lanoitapuccO fo noitacilbuP ehT )2( ;srekrow tnacifingis a evah ton did

lortnoC )3( ;srekrow eht fo ecnamrofrep eht no tcapmi tnemnorivnE gnikroW fo )4( ;srekrow eht fo ecnamrofrep eht no tcapmi tnacifingis a evah ton did ecnamrofrep eht no tcapmi tnacifingis a evah ton did enilpicsiD dna noisivrepuS a dah ytefaS dna htlaeH lanoitapuccO no ssenerawA ehT )5( ;srekrow eht fo taht dedulcnoc hcraeser ehT .ecnamrofrep srekrow eht no tcapmi tnacifingis

faS dna htlaeH lanoitapuccO srekrow eht no tcapmi evah did margorp yte lanoitapuccO evif fo tuO .ynapmoC ehT ta ecnamrofrep ytefaS dna htlaeH

gnitsisnoc smargorp lanoitapuccO gniniart ytefaS lanoitapucco fo noitacilbup ,sid dna noisivrepus ,tnemnorivne gnikrow revo lortnoc .ytefas dna ,enilpic

gniniarT ylno ,ytefaS dna htlaeH lanoitapuccO fo ssenerawa lanoitapuccO no eht decneulfni ytefaS dna htlaeH lanoitapuccO no ssenerawA ehT dna ytefaS

.ynapmoC ehT ta ecnamrofrep srekrow


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

gnay ajrek nagnapal,tatek tagnas ajrek ainud isnetepmok ini taas adaP

gned nakgnidnabid licek hibel aidesret .nakhutubid gnay ajrek aganet na

awayrak gnaroeS nagned ajrekeb naka aynasaib n huggnus - huggnus , alib

malad nahutubek ihunemem tapad akerem ajrekeb - .aynpudih nahutubek

t naktahilrepmem surah naahasureP .aynnawayrak nahutubek takgni

rebmus nakulremem utnet hadus sativitka nakukalem malaD gnay ayad

gro utaus nakpatetid halet gnay naujut naiapacnep ahasu gnukudnem .isasina

B rebmus aynhiggnac nad pakgnel nupanamiaga - aisunam non ayad rebmus

naahasurep igab nanimaj idajnem halkadit naahasurep utaus helo ikilimid gnay

.nalisahrebek utaus iapacnem kutnu tubesret K hibel naahasurep nalisahrebe

rebmus helo nakutnetid kaynab nad ,alolegnem gnay aisunam ayad

rebmus nakanugayadnem - ,ikilimid gnay aisunam non ayad rebmus helo

uata nairtsudnirep ainud id gnitnep tagnas nawayrak halasam uti anerak

.naahasurep

naujamek malad gnitnep rotkaf utas halas nakapurem nawayrak ajreniK

utaus nanurunep anerak gnitnep tagnas idajnem nawayrak ajreniK .naahasurep

tapad naahasurep utaus malad kopmolek nupuam udividni kiab ajrenik

idayuS turuneM .naahasurep utaus malad itrareb gnay kapmad irebmem

y ajrek lisah halada ajrenik ,) 9991( onotnesoriwarP helo iapacid tapad gna


2

nad gnanewew nagned iauses isasinagro utaus malad kopmolek uata gnaroeses

gnisam bawaj gnuggnat - naujut iapacnem ayapu akgnar malad ,gnisam

iauses nad mukuh raggnalem kadit ,lagel araces natukgnasreb isasinagro

.akite nad larom nagned ajrenik padahret huragnepreb naka udividni ajreniK

nakparahid gnay ajrenik atpicret ragA .fisnehrepmok araces naahasurep

ajrek nagnukgnil nakatpicnem tapad surah nemejenam kahip akam naahasurep

naahasureP .nawayrak isidnok padahret akep nad fisudnok gnay surah aguj

halasam isatagnem asib - nagnubuhreb gnay lucnum gnires gnay halasam

.udividni ajrenik ihuragnepmem gnay lah kaynaB .nawayrak ajrenik nagned

halada aynaratnaiD )ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek( 3K margorp .

naahasureP m nad nakitahrepmem ulrep aguj e adapek nagnasgnar irebm

wayrak ed ajrekeb uam nawayrak raga ,na aggnihes ayapu nad ayad alages nagn

.kiab nagned anaskalret tapad nakirebid gnay nabijawek nad sagut rotkaF -

aganet nagned nagnubuhreb gnay rotkaf halada nakitahrepid ulrep gnay rotkaf

uti ajrek naahasurep nagnukgnil nagned nagnubuhreb gnay nupuam iridnes

nanimaj : aynlasim ,nahurulesek araces naahasurep nakajibek nad

,ajrek nagnukgnil ,)ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek( 3K margorp,laisos

,nipilsid ,nakididnep ,nalipmaretek ,igolonket ,nalisahgnep natapmesek

nial nad isatserpreb - .nial B be ulrep gnay tubesret rotkaf apare tapadnem

,laisos nanimaj halada naitahrep .ajrek nagnukgnil nad 3K margorp margorP

.aynsativitka nakukalem maladid nawayrak ihuragnepmem gnay halini 3K

gned iauses kadit 3K alibapA kam,aynkayales gnay isidnok na idajret tapad a

nahulek - nahulek tagnames naktakgninem malad nawayrak uggnaggnem gnay


3

nad nawayrak ajrek aynririd igab kiab fitagen kapmadreb igab nupuam iridnes

ajrek naanaskalep apureb tapad tubesret kurub kapmad,isasinagro kurub gnay

,nawayrak ajrenik uata ajrek isatserp ihuragnepmem naka aguj gnay

nasob naasarep naklubminem . magorp nakukalem naahasurep nagned ipateT

akam kiab nagned 3K agned n uata ignarugnem tapad naikimed arac

k nad ,ayaib nad utkaw nasorobmep iradnihgnem ,nama asarem naka nawayra

gnudnilret , aynnatamalesek nimajret nad nakanaskalem tapad atres

naktakgninem tapad gnusgnal kadit araces nad kiab nagned aynnaajrekep

.nawayrak ajrenik

uraB udaM .TP nakodaP - nahisaK olomrinotriT , atrakaygoY lutnaB

ynab ikilimem atres iskudorp nataigek gnajnunem gnay iawagep ka

ajrekeb gnay nawayrak aynkaynab nagneD .naahasurep naujut ayniapacret

malad naujut nad fitom iaynupmem nawayrak paites akam ,naahasurep adap

na nahutubek anerak idajret tapad ini lah ,adebreb gnay naajrekep udividni arat

macamreb tagnas ajrekeb malad nial gnay nagned utas - .isairavreb nad macam

uraB udaM .TP gnadib malad karegreb gnay naahasurep utas halas iagabes

iskudorp ,alug iapacnem kutnu nad aynahasu nataigek naknalajnem malad

et tagnas naahasurep naujut .nawayrak ukalirep nad sativitka adap gnutnagr

aynnataigek naknalajnem malaD udaM .TP B ura irad sapelret kadit

nakbabesid gnay hadner ajrenikreb nawayrak itrepes halasam iagabreb

3K margorp malad kiab kadit )ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek(

aynnaparenep P . ukalirep aparebeb helo aynlucnumid kaynab ajrenik nanurune

natabmalretek takgnit lasiM .rihkaret utkaw aparebeb malad nawayrak


4

naklubminem naka ini halasaM .takgninem gnurednec gnay nawayrak

ab gnaruk ajrekeb gnay nawayrak raga aynarac anamiagab naaynatrep tapad ki

.naahasurep nakparahid gnay naujut iapacnem anug aynajrenik ikiabrepmem

kutnu kiratret itilenep ,ini naitilenep malad akam sataid naiaru iraD

: ianegnem naitilenep nakukalem “ MARGORP HURAGNEP 3K

( AJREK NATAHESEK NAD AJREK NATAMALESEK ) PADAHRET

NIK NAWAYRAK AJRE URAB UDAM .TP nakodaP – olomrinotriT

”atrakaygoY lutnaB nahisaK

.B halasaM nasumuR

B naiaru nakrasadre - naiaru id sata malad halasam nasumur akam ,

: halada ini naitilenep

.1 3K margorp rotakidni hakapA )ajreK natamaleseK nad nataheseK( ,

k nahitaleP nagnukgnil lortnoK , natamalesek isakilbuP , ajrek natamalese

nilpisid nad nasawagneP , ajrek , nad 3K naradasek natakgnineP araces

natlumis ,uraB udaM .TP nawayrak ajrenik padahret huragnepreb

atrakaygoY ?

.2 hakapA p ajrek natamalesek nahitale laisrap araces b padahret huragnepre

?atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP nawayrak ajrenik

.3 hakapA natamalesek isakilbuP laisrap araces ajrenik padahret huragnepreb

?atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP nawayrak

.4 hakapA ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK laisrap araces padahret huragnepreb

awayrak ajrenik ?atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP n


5

.5 hakapA nilpisid nad nasawagneP laisrap araces padahret huragnepreb


.6 hakapA 3K naradasek natakgnineP laisrap araces padahret huragnepreb


.C meP halasaM nasatab

malad ek naitilenep nasatab irebmem itilenep ini naitilenep malaD

: tukireb iagabes lah aparebeb

.1 nah nakukalid ini naitileneP .TP pukgnil satabes ay udaM B ura nakodaP –

notriT lutnaB nahisaK olomri .

.2 leneP ayrak adap nakukalid ini naiti gab naw nai natawarep gnay

natamaleseK( 3K nakamatugnem nad )ajreK nataheseK .

.D naitileneP naujuT

.1 iuhategnem kutnU huragnep rotakidni natlumis araces 3K margorp

)ajreK natamaleseK naD nataheseK( “ ,ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP

agnukgnil lortnoK ,natamalesek isakilbuP ajrek n nad nasawagneP ,

nilpisid , nad 3K naradasek natakgnineP ” .TP nawayrak ajrenik padahret

.atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM

.2 huragnep iuhategnem kutnU ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP ajrenik padahret

atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP nawayrak .

.3 huragnep iuhategnem kutnU kilbuP natamalesek isa ajrenik padahret

ak .atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP nawayr


6

.4 huragnep iuhategnem kutnU k ajrek nagnukgnil lortno ajrenik padahret


.5 huragnep iuhategnem kutnU p nilpisid nad nasawagne ajrenik padahret

ak daM .TP nawayr .atrakaygoY ,uraB u

.6 huragnep iuhategnem kutnU 3K naradasek natakgnineP ajrenik padahret


.E P taafnaM naitilene

.1 P igaB naahasure .TP( uraB udaM )

H am nahab iagabes ini naitilenep lisa .TP igab nagnabmitrep nad nakus

uraB udaM m, natamaleseK( 3K margorP nagnubuh anam huajes ianegne

nagned )ajreK nataheseK nad ajrenik .nawayrak

.2 U igaB mum takaraysaM /

margorP ianegnem nasawaw habmanem tapad nakparahid ini naitileneP

3K nakukalem kutnu isnerefer iagabes nakanugid tapad nad acabmep igab

gnatnet tujnal hibel naitilenep 3K margorP .

.3 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU igaB

isamrofni nad nasawaw habmanem asib nakparahid ini naitileneP

ianegnem 3K margorP naitilenep nakukalem kutnu isnerefer idajnem atres ,

ianegnem 3K margorP .

.4 P igaB itilene

hibel kutnU natahesek( 3K margorP rotkaf aratna nagnubuh iuhategnem

ned )ajreK natamalesek nad nag ajrenik .TP nawayrak udaM uraB .


7

.5 L itileneP igaB nia

ta naijak nakukalem malad isnerefer nakidajid tapaD a nagned naitilenep u

abes atres amas gnay gnay nahalasamrep kokop igab nakusam nahab iag

kahip - .ini naitilenep nagned gnusgnal nagnitnepekreb gnay kahip


8

II BAB

AKATSUP NAIJAK

.A iroeT nasadnaL

.1 aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM

malad igetarts utaus halada ,)8002( idnayfoS namreH turuneM

isgnuf nakparenem - utiay nemejanam isgnuf ,gnidnel ,gnizinagro ,gninnalp

gnillortnoc nad anoisarepo isgnuf/sativitka paites malad , irad ialum MDS l

gnay ,natapmenep ,nagnabmegnep nad ,nahitalep ,iskeles ,nakiranep

nairebmep ,ajrenik naialinep ,refsnart nad ,isomed ,isomorp itupilem

gnay ,ajrek nagnubuh nasutumep aggnih ,lairtsudni nagnubuh ,isasnepmok

irtnok natakgninep igab nakujutid isasinagro MDS irad fitkudorp isub

.neisife nad fitkefe hibel araces isasinagro naujut naiapacnep padahret

.2 ajreniK naitregneP

lisah nakapurem aisunam ayad rebmus nemejanam turunem ajreniK

d gnaroeses nakajrekid ,nakukalid halet gnay irad iapacid halet gnay mala

ajrenik ,)9991( onotnesoriwarP idayuS turuneM .aynsagut nakanaskalem

malad kopmolek uata gnaroeses helo iapacid tapad gnay ajrek lisah halada

gnisam bawaj gnuggnat nad gnanewew nagned iauses isasinagro utaus -

naujut iapacnem ayapu akgnar malad ,gnisam natukgnasreb isasinagro

.akite nad larom nagned iauses nad mukuh raggnalem kadit ,lagel araces

d nakanuggnem ini silunep naitilenep malaD turunem ajrenik isnemi

: itupilem )632 : 8002( idayuS


9

.a naajrekep halmuJ

tiakreb ini laH :nawayrak sativitkudorp takgniT satitnauk nagned na

gnaroes helo nakiaselesid upmam gnay naajrekep lisah )halmuj(

.nawayrak

.b .naajrekep satilauK

gnay naitiletek irad naigab halada naajrekep lisah sata nakecegneP

.natukgnasreb nawayrak helo ikilimid

.c sagut sata nauhategneP

es nauhategneP idajnem gnay naajrekep gnatnet nawayrak gnaro

.aynbawaj gnuggnat

.d amas ajreK

,ialinid ulrep nawayrak gnaroes irad nial gnaro adapek nagnutnagreteK

( nairidnamek nagned natiakreb anerak ecnedifnoc fles gnaroeses )

.aynnaajrekep nakanaskalem malad

.e awaj gnuggnaT b

lawdaj nad naanacnerep taubmem nawayrak naupmameK

ihuragnepmem naka babes gnitnep ialinid ini lah ,aynnaajrekep

isah utkaw natapetek gnaroes bawaj gnuggnat idajnem gnay naajrekepl

.nawayrak

.f ajrek pakiS

K nakajibe uata tnemgduj gnay hairulan tafisreb gnay gnaroes ikilimid

iaynupmem aid anerak ,ajrenik ihuragnepmem tapad nawayrak


01

gnajnunem malad aynsagut ialinem nad nakiauseynem naupmamek

.isasinagro naujut

.g fitaisinI

nakiapmaynem naupmamek nagned iatresid tapar malad naridaheK

nasagag - naro adapek aynnasagag iridnesret ialin iaynupmem nial g

.nawayrak gnaroes ajrenik ialinem malad

.h sinket nalipmareteK

gnaroes sagut idajnem gnay naajrekep sata sinket nauhategneP

naajrekep utum nagnednatiakreb ini lah anerak ,ialinid surah nawayrak

nawayrak gnaroes natapecek nad gnay naajrekep utaus nakiaseletnem

.aynbawaj gnuggnat idajnem

.i .halasam nakiaseleynem uata nasutupek libmagnem naupmameK

ialinem malad ialinid surah gnay rotkaf idajnem nanipmimepeK

.nawayrak gnaroes ajrenik

.j nanipmimepeK

gnaroes irad isakinumokreb naupmameK nagned kiab ,nawayrak

ihuragnepmem tapad aynnasata nagned nupuam nawayrak amases

.aynajrenik

.k isartsinimdA

gnaro nagned nawayrak gnaroes amas ajrekeb naupmameK - nial gnaro

.aynajrenik nakutnenem malad narepreb tagnas


11

.l sativitaerK

rekep rutagnem naupmameK ,aynbawaj gnuggnat idajnem gnay naaj

ajrenik ihuragnepmem aynmumu ,ajrek lawdaj taubmem kusamret

nawayrak gnaroes .

.3 naakalecek naitregneP

ikadnehekid kadit nad agudid kat naidajek utaus halada naakaleceK

id halet gnay sativitka utaus sesorp nakuacagnem gnay onomskaluS( ruta

malad halada ajrek naakalecek ,)5002( gneguS turuneM .)4002 ,osotnaS

nakigurem gnay naknigniid kadit gnay awitsirep uata naidajek utaus

.sesorp padahret naigurek uata adneb atrah kasurem ,aisunam padahret

gabid ajrek naakalecek mumu araceS : utiay ,nagnolog aud idajnem i

.a irtsudni naakaleceK )tnedicca lairtsudni( idajret gnay naakalecek utiay

.ajrek ayahab uata ayahab rebmus aynada anerak ajrek tapmet id

.b nanalajrep malad naakaleceK )tnedicca ytinummoc( naakalecek utiay

met raulid idajret gnay aynada nagned natiakreb gnay ajrek tap

.ajrek nagnubuh

akalec ripmah naadaeK raen( - )tnedicca uata naidajek utaus halada

tikides gnay naadaek nagned anamid naknigniid kadit gnay awitsirep

atrah kasurem ,aisunam padahret ayahab naktabikagnem naka adebreb

eb .)5002 ,gneguS( sesorp padahret naigurek uata adn

ipatet nakparahid kadit nad agudid apnat idajret naakaleceK

ini nahagecnep nad hagecid tapad aynpisnirp adap ajrek naakalecek


21

SBN ttenneB turunem malad bawaj gnuggnat nakapurem )4002( osotnaS

rejanam arap .nasuru alapek aguj nad alapek ,rodnam ,aileynep ,inil

.4 rotkaF - naakaleceK rotkaf

)1391( hcirnieH onimoD iroeT alad naktubeynem )5002( idrauS

amil tapadret aredec naklubminem gnay naakalecek paites adap awhab

agabes nakrabmagid naturureb araces gnay rotkaf gnay onimod amil i

nad nataubrep ,gnaroeses nahalasek ,naasaibek : utiay ,rajajes iridreb

hcnirnieH .aredec atres naakalecek ,)drazah( nama kat isidnok

halada aynicnuk ,naakalecek aynidajret hagecnem kutnu nakakumegnem

babes naiakgnar naksutumem nagned - ika gnaubmem nagned ,aynlasiM .tab

drazah .aynaratnaid onimod utas

)7691( nosreteP driB .E knarF malad iroet isakifidomem )5002( idrauS

nakisireb gnay nemejanam iroet nakakumegnem nagned hcirnieH onimoD

ejanam : utiay naakalecek utaus naturu malad rotkaf amil rebmus ,nem

awhab nakakumegnem sdriB .naigurek nad katnok ,alajeg ,rasad babeynep

ialum nagned lisahreb tapad aynah ajrek naakalecek nahagecnep ahasu

utas paiteS .ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek nemejanam ikiabrepmem

dajek 01 helo iatresid tareb naakalecek naidajek 03 ,nagnir naakalecek nai

naidajek 006 nad adneb atrah nakasurek naklubminem gnay naakalecek -

tabika naahasurep nakraulekid gnay ayaiB .akalec repmah naidajek

kat ayaib nad gnusgnal ayaib nakgnidnabmem nagned ajrek naakalecek

5 : 1 halada gnusgnal – tapad se gnunug iagabes nakrabmagid nad ,05

adap tahilid .1 rabmaG


31

rabmaG . II )7691 ,driB( ajreK naakaleceK tabikA naahasureP ayaiB .1

ttenneB turuneM malad S af tapme tapadret )4002( osotna k rot

babeynem tapad gnay iatnareb nautasek utas malad karegreb nak

.aisunam nad ayahab ,natalarep ,nagnukgnil : utiay ,naakalecek

naakalecek aynidajret naknikgnumem gnay babes aparebeb adA

utiay aynaratnaid )1002 ,aragenukgnaM( iawagep natahesek nauggnag nad

:

.a ajreK nagnukgniL tapmeT naadaeK

)1 anapmiynep nad nanusuyneP gnarab n - gnay ayahabreb gnay gnarab

.aynnanamaek nakgnutihrepid gnaruk

)2 .kases nad tadap ulalret gnay ajrek gnauR

)3 .ayntapmet adap kadit gnay habmil nad narotok nagnaubmeP

.b aradU narutagneP

)1 .kiab kadit gnay ajrek gnaur id aradu naitnagreP

)2 adit gnay aradu uhuS .aynnarutagnep nakisidnokid k

.c nagnareneP narutagneP

)1 .tapet kadit gnay ayahac rebmus naanuggnep nad narutagneP


41

)2 .ayahac gnaruk gnay ajrek gnauR

.d ajreK natalareP naiakameP

)1 .kasur uata gnasu hadus gnay ajrek natalarep namagneP

)2 nortkele tala nad nisem naanuggneP .kiab gnay namagnep apnat ki

.e iawageP latneM nad kisiF isidnoK

)1 .libats kadit gnay iawagep animats nad aredni tala nakasureK

)2 ,hupar gnay iawagep naidabirpek ,libats kadit gnay iawagep isomE

ajrek isavitom ,hamel gnay ispesrep naupmamek nad rikipreb arac

dner nauhategnep gnaruk nad hoborec gnay iawagep pakis ,ha

satilisaf amaturet ajrek satilisaf naanuggnep malad gnay ajrek

.ayahab okiser awabmem

tapmet id naakalecek rasad nasala agit ada ,)7991( relsseD turuneM

: utiay ajrek

.a .nalutebek tafisreb gnay naidajeK

.b K : nama kadit isidno

)1 .iadamem kadit gnay gnudnilep natalareP

)2 .kasur natalareP

)3 uata nisem ratikesid uata ,adap ,malad ayahabreb gnay rudesorP

.natalarep

)4 .hunep ulalret nad kepmus ,nama kadit gnay gnaduG

)5 .iadamem kadit gnay nagnareneP

)6 .iadamem kadit isalitneV

.c nakadniT - : nawayrak nakukalid gnay nama kadit gnay nakadnit


51

)1 nahab gnaubmeM - nahab

)2 .nama kadit gnay natapecek nagned ajrekeb uata isareporeB

)3 .kiab nagned isareporeb kadit nanamaek natalarep taubmeM

)4 .nama kadit gnay natalarep nakanuggneM

)5 rudesorp nakanuggneM .nama kadit gnay

)6 .nama kadit isisop libmagneM

)7 .tapet kadit araces takgnagneM

)8 ,hisilesreb ,tegak ,naanughalaynep ,nauggnag ,uacak narikiP nad

.rasak naniamrep

.5 ajreK nataheseK nad natamaleseK naitregneP

i nakapurem ini asawed ajrek natahesek nad natamaleseK gnay halits

natamaleseK nad nataheseK ,)9991( noskcaJ turuneM .relupop tagnas

isidnok halada ajreK - sigoloisif isidnok - ajrek aganet sigolokisp nad lakisif

.naahasurep helo nakaidesid gnay ajrek nagnukgnil helo naktabikaid gnay

,)2002( aragenukgnaM turuneM ajrek natahesek nad natamaleseK

nad nahutuek nimajnem kutnu ayapu nad narikimep utaus halada

adap ajrek aganet hainahor nupuam hainamsaj kiab naanrupmesek

kutnu ayadub nad ayrak lisah ,aynmumu adap aisunam nad ,aynsusuhk

.rumkam nad lida takaraysam ujunem

gnay ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek )5991( ,ihalaliS turuneM

nagned halada ajrek naakalecek ignaluggnanem arac awhab nakatagnem

nakadagnem uata nad naakalecek babeynep rusnu nakadainem

.tatek gnay nasawagnep


61

.a ajreK natamaleseK

a )1891( rum’amuS.rD turuneM natiakreb gnay natamalesek halad

,aynnahalognep sesorp nad nahab ,ajrek tala ,tawasep ,nisem nagned

arac atres aynnagnukgnil nad ajrek tapmet nasadnal - nakukalem arac

.naajrekep

rum’amuS.rD turunem aisenodnI id ajrek natamaleseK naialineP

)1891(

.1 atamaleseK nahagecnep kutnu amatu anaras halada ajrek n

,naakalecek .ajrek naakalecek tabika iagabes naitamek nad tacac

.2 akgna nakrasadreb lanoisan araces naakalecek sisilanA - gnay akgna

aynisasnepnok atad nad naakalecek ropal bijaw rasad sata kusam

haloes ini asawed -o nagned nakgnidnabid hadner evitaler hal

.ajrek aganet maj aynkaynab

.3 isnetoP - adap natamalesek macnagnem gnay ayahab isnetop

.isavresboid tapad salej imonoke nataigek rotkes iagabreb

.4 naakaecek kutnu isnewkerf akgna ,isavresbo turuneM - naakalecek

t gnay nagnir aynah ipatet ajrek irah ayngnalih nakbabeynem kadi

.iggnit ulalret hisam ajrek maj

.5 paites kutnu awhab naktahilrepmem naakalecek asilanA

.aynbabeynep rotcaf ada naakalecek

.6 s irad %58 babe - kaf halada naakalecek babes aisunam rot .

.7 ayapu nupilakeS - hagecnep ayapu naakalecek ,lamiskam halet na

nanarep raseb halada ,ini lah malad nad ,idajret nikgnum hisam


71

igab laisos nanimaj iges utaus iagabes naakalecek isasnepmok

.atirednep nabeb naknagnirem

atak utiay sirggnI asahab irad lasareb natamaleseK ’ytefas‘ nad

aynasaib irad gnaroeses aynsabebret naadaek nagned naktiakid ulales

akalec awitsirep )tnedicca( akalec sirayn uata raen( - .)ssim adap idaJ

nupuam naumliek natakednep utaus iagabes natamalesek ayntakekah

rotkaf irajalepmem sitkarp natakednep utaus iagabes - gnay rotkaf tapad

nakgnabmegnem ayapureb nad naakalecek aynidajret nakbabeynem

aynidajret okiser licekrepmem kutnu natakednep nad arac iagabreb

tapad gnay rotkaf rotkaf irajalepemem malaD .naakalecek

gnabmekreb halini nakalecek imalagnem aisunam nakbabeynem

iagabreb naakalecek gnatnet iroet nad pesnok .)seiroeht tnedicca(

nagned lanekid hibel tubesret halitsi irtsudni ainud maladid nakhaB

nad ajrek natahesek ,natamalesek aynitra gnay L3K natakgnis

nad natahesek nagned aynnatiak malad nagnukgnil kepsA .nagnukgnil

lesek malad numan ,gnitnep gnay lah nakapurem aguj natama

halada aynamatu sukof idajnem naka gnay tukireb nasahabmep

.ajreK nataheseK nad natamaleseK

adap aynnaitahrep naktasumem gnay ada aynmumu tubesret iroeT

k arac uata naajrekep adap ada gnay babeynep rotkaf gnay ada ,ajre

ada nakhab ajrek natalarep adap babeynep rotkaf nakitahrepmem hibel

adap babeynep rotkaf adap aynnaitahrep naktasumem gnay alup

.aynaisunam ukalirep


81

.a tarayS - ajrek natamalesek tarays

.1 ;naakalecek ignarugnem nad hagecneM

.2 nad ignarugnem ,hagecneM ;narakabek nakmadamem

.3 naakalecek adap nagnolotrep nakirebmeM

.4 tala irebmeM - ;ajrekep arap adap irid nagnudnilrep tala

.5 rabeynem uata aynlubmit nakiladnegnem nad hagecneM

,sag ,pau ,pasa ,narotok ,ubed ,nababmelek ,uhus aynsaul

dar ranis,acauc ,nigna nasubmeh narateg nad araus,isai

.6 ajrek tabika tikaynep aynlubmit nakiladnegnem nad hagecneM

;naralunep nad iskefni ,nanucarek ,sikisp nupuam kisif kiab

.7 ;iauses nad pukuc gnay nagnarenep helorepmeM

.8 ;kiab gnay aradu babmel nad uhus nakaraggneleyneM

.9 ep nakaraggneleyneM ;pukuc gnay nahageyn

.01 ;nabitretek ,nahisrebek ,natahesek arahilemeM

.11 ;aynajrek sesorp sata naisaresek helorepmeM

.21 ,gnaro natukgnagnep racnalrepmem nad naknamagneM

;gnarab uata namanat ,gnatanib

.31 ,gnaro natukgnagnep racnalrepmem nad naknamagneM

amanat ,gnatanib ;gnarab uata n

.41 ;ayahabreb gnay kirtsil narila anekret hagecneM

.51 adap natamagnep nakanrupmeynem nad nakiauseyneM

habmat idajnem aynnaakalecek ayahabreb gnay naajrekep

)5991( nansuH dauS .iggnit


91

.b ajreK natamaleseK naujuT

.1 alesek kah sata ajrek aganet ignudnileM malad aynnatam

nad pudih naarethajesek kutnu naajrekep nakukalem

.lanoisan sativitkudorp atres iskudorp naktakgninem

.2 tapmet id adareb gnay nial gnaro paites natamalesek nimajneM

.ajrek

.3 nad nama araces nakanugrepid nad arahilepid iskudorp rebmuS

rD .neisife )1891( rum’amuS.

.c nemelE - ajreK natamaleseK margorP nemele

.1 .kacnup nemejanam helo gnukudiD

.2 .natamalesek rutkerid gnaroes nakkujnuneM

.3 .nama araces kadnitreb gnay isarepo nad kirbap nataubmeP

.4 .nama nagned kadnitreb kutnu nawayrak arap kididmeM

.5 ecek asilanagneM .naakal

.6 .ajrek natamalesek /nanamaek naabmolrep nakaraggneleyneM

.7 narutarep naknaljneM - .ajrek natamalesek kutnu narutarep

.b ajreK nataheseK

sirggnI asahab irad lasareb nataheseK ,’htlaeh‘ ini asawed gnay

tikaynep irad gnaroeses aynsabebret itrareb aynah kadit ipatet ,

aguj nad latnem ,kisif araces tahes ankam iaynupmem tahes naitregnep

hutu araces tahes naitregnep naikimed nagneD.laisos araces tahes

arethajes naitregnep nakkujnunem llew( - .)gnieb iagabes nataheseK

karp natakednep nupuam naumliek natakednep utaus ayapureb aguj sit


02

rotkaf irajalepmem - aisunam nakbabeynem tapad gnay rotkaf

nakgnabmegnem kutnu ayapureb sugilakes nad tikas atirednem

kadit aisunam raga hagecnem kutnu natakednep uata arac iagabreb

.tahes hibel idajnem nakhab ,tikas atirednem

les nataheseK gnorodnem naka ajrekeb gnay nawayrak huru

malad naklisahid gnay kudorp satilauk nupuam satitnauk natakgninep

ayniapacret aggnihes naahasurep utaus nagnabmekrep ucamem

gnay kudorp satilauk nupuam naahasurep adap naarethajesek isargetni

.naklisahid

nataheseK itamkinem tapad atik raga gnitnep rsusnu nakapurem

,satilaukreb gnay pudih .naajrekep malad nupuam hamur id kiab

kaf idajnem aguj nataheseK nagnusgnalek agajnem malad gnitnep rot

)6002( yeldiR nhoJ .isasinagro haubes pudih

.1 ajreK naarahilemeP naitregneP

laD ma sos nanimaj naanaskalep margorp ,ajrek aganet lai

nad nagnaluggnanep ayapu halada natahesek naarahilemep

nakulremem gnay natahesek nauggnag nahagecnep

,naaskiremep nalimahek kusamret natawarep nad natabognep

.nanilasrep nad

.2 ajrek natahesek rusnU

taheseK gnay kisif natahesek :utiay ,sinej 2 pukacnem ajrek na

nad nanucarek uata tikas apureb nauggnag imalagnem tapad

apureb nauggnag imalagnem tapad gnay latnem natahesek


12

,nawayrak apminem gnay nagnagetek nakulrepid aggnihes

anem anug terknok hibel gnay margorp halasam inagn

.tubesret natahesek

akam tubesret natahesek nauggnag isatagnem kutnU

rep naahasurep kaf aparebeb nakgnabmitrepmem ul gnay rot

anaras nad utkaw utiay ini natahesek margorp gnajnunem

hesek margorp nemele terknok hibel araceS .natahesek nata

alejid tukireb iagabes naks :

.a ilak amatrep nawayrak utkaw adap natahesek naaskiremeP

; ajrek amiretid

.b araces icnuk nawayrak arap nahurulesek naaskiremeP

;kidoirep

.c aumes kutnu alerakus araces natahesek naaskiremeP

; kidoirep araces nawayrak

.d ad natalarep aynaidesreT ; pukuc gnay sidem ffats n

.e nad sitametsis gnay naitahrep nairebmeP fitneverp padahret

yrtsudni nagnagetek halasam )sserts lairtsudni ( ;

.f padahret cidoirep nad sitametsis gnay naaskiremeP

nataraysrep - onodnapunaR( kiab gnay isatinas nataraysrep

,nansuH nad .)362:0991

ahasu nakgnadeS - nakiladnnem nad hagecnem ktnu ahasu

nay sserts arac nagned nakukalid idajret g :

.a ; tubesret sserts irad rebmus iracneM


22

.b sserts narabeynep tala idajnem gnay aidem idajneM

; tubesret

.c irednem gnay nawayrak adap susuhk natawarep irebmeM at

; tubesret sserts anerak

.3 hakgnaL - ajrek natahesek margorp hakgnal

hakgnal nagned nakukalid ajrek natahesek margorP - hakgnal

: tukireb iagabes

.a raneb gnay sesorp uata naadaek lanegneM - raneb

.ayahab isnetop iaynupmem

.b it tubesret ayahab anamiagab isaulavegneM nagned lubm

gnay isidnok uata taz utaus irad tafis irajalepmem

malad nasawagnep nakukalem nagned okiser gnudnagnem

nahab nakanuggnem - adap uata ayahabreb gnay nahab

.idajret ayahab anamid nagnukgnil

.c nagned okiser licekrepmem kutnu edotem nakgnabmegneM

alem nahab naanuggnep sata nasawagnep nakuk - gnay nahab

.idajret ayahab anamid nagnukgnil adap uata ayahabreb

halitsI K“ nad natamalese K natahese K ajre ” tapad ,

gnay naitregneP .naitregnep isis aud iaynupmem gnadnapid

takednep utaus iagabes itra gnudnagnem amatrep haimli na

)hcaorppa cifitneics( naitregnep iaynupmem nial isisid nad

iaynupmem gnay margorp utaus uata naparet utaus iagabes

ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek uti aneraK .utnetret naujut


32

naparet umli utaus iagabes nakgnologid tapad deilppa(

.)ecneics gnadnaP nataheseK nad natamaleseK tahilem gnay na

kapmat haimli natakednep utaus iagabes akgnarek malad ajreK

:tukireb isinifed adap aynlasim itrepes

fo noitacilppa eht nrecnoc ytefaS dna htlaeH lanoitapuccO

sir fo erutan eht gnidnatsrednu ni selpicnirp cifitneics eht ot k

non & lairtsudni htob ni ytreporp dna elpoep fo ytefas

noisseforp yranilpicsid itlum si tI .stnemnorivne lairtsudni

laroivaheb dna ygoloib ,yrtsimehc ,scisyhp nopu desab

egarots ,tropsnart ,gnirutcafunam ni snoitacilppa htiw secneics

gnildnah dna dna citsemod dna lairetam suodrazah fo

)ASU ,AHSO( .seitivitca lanoitaercer .

gnay naiaru aynada itamaid tapad tubesret isinifed iraD

nad natamaleseK irasadnem gnay haimli pisnirp naknakenem

idajnem gnay rasad naumliek atres ajreK nataheseK

.ayngnukudnep

eS nataheseK nad natamaleseK tahilem nagnadnap nakgnad

uata sitkarp natakednep utaus iagabes akgnarek malad ajreK

nad natamaleseK isinifed irad tahilid tapad margorp utaus

:iagabes ajreK nataheseK

fo eerged tsehgih eht fo ecnanetniam dna noitomorp ehT

acisyhp lla ni srekrow fo gnieb llew laicos dna latnem ,l

morf serutraped fo srekrow gnoma noitneverp eht ;snoitapucco


42

fo noitcetorp eht ;snoitidnoc gnikrow rieht yb desuac htlaeh

srotcaf morf gnitluser sksir morf tnemyolpme rieht ni srekrow

eht ;htlaeh ot esrevda rekrow eht fo ecnanetniam dna gnicalp

lacigoloisyhp sih ot detpada tnemnorivne lanoitapucco na ni

dna nam ot krow fo noitatpada eht :ezirammus ot ;tnempiuqe

)OHW & OLI :eettimmoc tnioJ( .boj sih ot nam hcae

awhab salej nikames idajnem naikimed nagneD

eseK nakapurem ayntakekah adap ajreK nataheseK nad natamal

utaus nakapurem sugilakes nad haimli natakednep utaus

.margorp

margorp utaus iagabes ajreK nataheseK nad natamaleseK

uata hagecnem ayapu malad haimli natakednep irasadid

ayahab aynidajret licekrepmem h( )draza okisir nad )ksir(

naigurek nupuam ,naakalecek nad tikaynep aynidajret - naigurek

awhab nakatakid tapad idaJ .idajret nikgnum gnay aynial

natakednep utaus halada ajreK nataheseK nad natamaleseK

isir nad ayahab isnetop isatagnem malad sitkarp nad haimli ok

atak nagneD .idajret nikgnum gnay natamalesek nad natahesek

halada ajreK nataheseK nad natamaleseK irad takekah nial

atik anamiagab naitregnep nagned adebreb kadit

okisir nakiladnegnem )tnemeganam ksir( lah idajret kadit raga

.naknigniid kadit gnay


52

dneP natake - pukgnil malad ada gnay haimli natakednep

umli adap satabret ajas kadit ajreK nataheseK nad natamaleseK

natamalesek )secneics ytefas( natahesek umli nad htlaeh(

)secneics ajrek natahesek umli itrepes htlaeh lanoitapucco(

)ecneics aumliek aguj ipatet , irtsudni eneigih :itrepes aynnial n

)eneigyh lairtsudni( ,igoloimedipe ,srotcaf namuh ,imonogre ,

asayaker ,naretkodek ,kitsitats )gnireenigne( ,aimik , htlaeh

noitomorp ukalirep nad laisos ,mukuh ,nemejanam ,igolokiskot ,

nial nad - med nagneD .ayniagabes nial nad natamaleseK naiki

gnay naparet umli iagabes gnadnapid tapad ajreK nataheseK

iagabreb namagarek nagned ayak gnay ,nilpisiditlum tafisreb

gnisam naumliek gnadib turunem natakednep - malad gnisam

.akalec nad tikas okiser nakiladnegnem ayapu

.6 tamaleseK naujuT ajreK nataheseK nad na

natahesek nad natamalesek naujut ,)1002( aragenukgnaM turuneM

: tukireb iagabes halada ajrek

.a ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek nanimaj tapadnem iawagep paiteS

.sigolokisp nad laisos ,kisif araces kiab

.b natalarep nad napakgnelrep paiteS nad aynkiabkiabes nakanugid ajrek

.nikgnum fitkefees

.c .aynnanamaek arahilepid iskudorp lisah aumeS

.d izig natahesek natakgninep nad naarahilemep sata nanimaj aynadA

.iawagep


62

.e .ajrek isapisitrap nad ajrek naisaresek ,nahariagek naktakgnineM irad

esek nauggnag isidnok uata nagnukgnil helo nakbabesid gnay natah

.ajrek

.f .ajrekeb malad ignudnilret nad nama asarem iawagep paiteS

ajrek natamalesek ayngnitnep nad naujut ,)6002( iaviR turuneM

: itupilem

.a ajrek irah halmuj aynnurunem anerak sativitkudorp ayntakgnineM

nay .gnalih g

.b .nemtimokreb hibel gnay ajrekep satilauk nad isneisife ayntakgnineM

.c ayaib aynnuruneM - .isnarusa nad natahesek ayaib

.d hibel gnay gnusgnal narayabmep nad ajrekep isasnepmok takgniT

.mialk naujagnep aynnurunem anerak hadner

.e libatpada nad satilibiskelF irad tabika iagabes raseb hibel gnay sati

.nakilimepek asar nad isapisitrap ayntakgninem

.f artic ayntakgninem anerak kiab hibel gnay ajrek aganet iskeles oisaR

.naahasurep

ayntareb nad takgnit naknurunem tapad gnay naahasureP

naakalecek - ep ,ajrek naakalecek lah nad tikayn - nagned natiakreb gnay lah

,aynajrekep arap ajrek napudihek satilauk naktakgninem upmam atres serts

.)6002 ,iaviR( fitkefe nikames naka tubesret naahasurep akam

ahasU - natamalesek naktakgninem malad nakulrepid gnay ahasu

em ajrek natahesek nad tukireb iagabes halada )1002( aragenukgnaM turun

:


72

.a .nakadelep nad narakabek naakalecek ignarugnem nad hagecneM

.b ajrekeb gnay iawagep kutnu irid nagnudnilrep natalarep nakirebmeM

.ayahabreb gnay nagnukgnil adap

.c p ,aradu nahisrebek ,nababmelek ,uhus rutagneM gnay nagnarene

.nagnisibek hagecnem atres nakkujeynem nad pukuc

.d .tikaynep aynlubmit padahret natawarep nakirebmem nad hagecneM

.e .ajrek nagnukgnil naisaresek nad nabitretek ,nahisrebek arahilemeM

.f ajrek tagnames nakhariaggnem gnay ajrek anasaus nakatpicneM

.iawagep

.7 3K nemejanaM metsiS

nagned ialumid 3K nemejanam adap metsis natakedneP

gnay natalarep nad kinket ,ajrek natamalesek naujut nakgnabmitrepmem

,aragenukgnaM( ajrek tapmet naanacnerep nad kudorp sesorp ,nakanugid

igab halada 3K nemejanam metsiS .)1002 araces nemejanam metsis irad na

,naanacnerep nataigek ,isasinagro rutkurts itupilem gnay nahurulesek

gnay ayadrebmus nad sesorp ,rudesorp ,naanaskalep ,bawaj gnuggnat

nakajibek naarahilemep nad naijakgnep ,nagnabmegnep igab nakhutubid

hesek nad natamalesek gnay okiser nailadnegnep akgnar malad ajrek nata

gnay ajrek nagnukgnil ayniapacret anug ajrek nataigek nagned natiakreb

.)4002 ,osotnaS ( fitkudorp nad neisife ,nama

metsys utaus nakatpicnem halada 3K nemejanam metsis naujuT

jrek natahesek nad natamalesek ,nemejanam erusnu naktabilem nagned a

malad isargetniret gnay ,ajrek nagnukgnil nad isidnok ,ajrek aganet


82

atres ajrek tabika tikaynep nad naakalecek ignarugnem nad hagecnem

,gneguS( fitkudorp nad neisife ,nama ,tahes gnay ajrek aganet aynatpicret

.)5002

.8 rP 3K margo

natamalesek gnatnet nemejanam margorp ,)5002( idrauS turuneM

: itupilem ajrek natahesek nad

.a .aynisartsinimda nad nanipmimepeK

.b .udapret gnay ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek nemejanaM

.c .nasawagneP

.d .larudecorp nad naajrekep sisilanA

.e ana nad naitileneP .naajrekep sisil

.f .ajrek aganet igab nahitaL

.g .ajrek natahesek nanayaleP

.h .irid gnudnilep tala naaideyneP

.i .ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek padahret naradasek natakgnineP

.j .naaskiremep metsiS

.k .naatadnep nad naropaL

irad 3K margorp halada ini tukireB noitanretnI lortnoC ssoL la

etutitsnI uata )ICLI( satireV eksroN teD : utiay ,)VND(

.a ( isartsinimda nad nanipmimepeK noitartsinimda dna pihsredaeL .)

.b ( nanipmimepek nahitaleP gniniart pihsredaeL .)

.c ( anacneret natawarep nad iskepsnI dna snoitcepsni dennalP

ecnanetniam .)


92

.d rP ( sisirk sagut asilana nad rudeso dna sisylana ksat lacitirC

serudecorp .)

.e ( nedisni uata naakalecek nakidileyneP noitagitsevni tnedicni/tnediccA .)

.f ( sagut nauatnamep uata isavresbO noitavresbo ksaT .)

.g ( tarurad naadaek ipadahgnem naagaiseK senderaperP ycnegremE s .)

.h ( ajrek nizi nad narutareP stimrep krow dna seluR .)

.i ( nedisni/naakalecek asilanA sisylana tnedecni/tnediccA .)

.j ( nalipmaretek nad nauhategnep nahitaleP lliks dna egdelwonK

gniniart .)

.k ( irid natamalesek gnudnilep talA tnempiuqe evitcetorp lanosreP .)

.l rtnogneP ( nahisrebek nad natahesek nalo lortnoc eneigyh dna htlaeH .)

.m ( metsis isaulavE noitaulave metsyS .)

.n ( nahaburep nad asayaker naalolegneP egnahc dna gnireenignE

tnemeganam .)

.o ( nagnarorep isakinumoK snoitacinummoc lanosreP .)

.p ( kopmolek isakinumoK itacinummoc puorG sno .)

.q ( mumu isomorP noitomorp lareneG .)

.r ( iawagep natapmenep nad naamireneP tnemecalp dna gniriH .)

.s ( asaj nad gnarab naalolegneP tnemeganam secivres dna lairetaM .)

.t ( ajrek maj raulid natamaleseK ytefas boj eht ffO .)

melpmi lortnokid surah ini 3K margorp aumeS araces aynisatne

adA .)5002 ,gneguS( nretske araces nupuam nretni araces kiab ,kidoirep

utiay ,3K halasam isatagnem kutnu nakanugid gnay kepsa aud ytefaS


03

ygolohcysP nad ygolohcysP lacinilC lairtsudnI reniM( malad ,mahlI

.)2002 ygolohcysP ytefaS rebkitinem hagecnem ahasu adap nakta

naakalecek anamiagab nad apanek itilenem nagned ,idajret uti naakalecek

.idajret ygolohcysP lacinilC lairtsudnI ajrenik adap naktarebkitinem

babes ,nurunem gnay nawayrak - anamiagab nad nanurunep babes

.aynisatagnem

d rotkaf rotkaF : tukireb iagabes halada tubesret kepsa audek ira

.a ygolohcysP ytefaS : utiay ,rotkaf mane irad iridret

)1 naakaleceK kitsitatS nad naropaL

idajret gnay naakalecek halmuj ianegnem kitsitats nad naropaL

kalecek kitsitats nad naropal aynada nagneD .ajrek tapmetid naa

isnetop ianegnem narabmag ikilimem naka naahasurep ,ajrek

.aynisapisitnagnem arac nad ajrek naakalecek aynidajret

)2 natamaleseK nahitaleP

aynidajret hagecnem kutnu naahasurep nakadaid gnay nahitaleP

.ajrek naakalecek

)3 natamaleseK setnoK nad isakilbuP

lbuP naktagnignem kutnu naujutreb ajrek natamalesek isaki

ayngnitnep naka iradaynem raga nawayrak isavitomem

ajrek natamalesek setnoK .ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek

3K nakparenem ulales araga nawayrak isavitomem kutnu naujutreb

.ajrekeb utkawes


13

)4 ahret lortnoK ajreK nagnukgniL pad

nawayrak ignudnilem kutnu naujutreb ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK

nad idajret nikgnum gnay ajrek naakalecek ayahab irad

nad nama gnay ajrek nagnukgnil uata isidnok nakatpicnem

.namayn

)5 nilpisiD nad iskepsnI

agnep halada nilpisid nad iskepsnI ajrek nagnukgnil padahret nasaw

.nawayrak ajrek ukalirep nad

)6 3K naradaseK natakgnineP

malad naahasurep ahasu nakapurem 3K naradasek natakgnineP

nad tauk gnay nemtimok aynadA .3K margorp nakseskusnem

omem tapad naahasurep nemejanam irad raseb gnay naitahrep isavit

aynnatahesek nad natamalesek nakamatugnem kutnu nawayrak

.ajrekeb utkawes

.b ygolohcysP lacinilC lairtsudnI : utiay ,rotkaf aud irad iridret

)1 gnilesnoK

naktakgninem kutnu naahasurep nakukalid gnay nagnibmibmeP

kid haletes nawayrak ajrek isavitom ilabmek aynada iuhate

.tubesret nawayrak irad sativitkudorp nanurunep

)2 margorP ecnatsissA eeyolpmE

inagnanem kutnu nakukalid gnay fisnetni araces nagnibmibmeP

gnay amaturet nawayrak ipadahid gnay halasam macam iagabreb

.nawayrak ukalirep nagned nagnubuhreb


23

.9 nasadnaL 3K mukuH

rasaD - aisenodnI id )3K( ajreK nataheseK nad natamaleseK mukuh rasad

gnadnu kutneb malad kiab naktibretid kaynab halet - narutareP ,gnadnu

naradE taruS nad iretneM nasutupeK ,nediserP nasutupeK ,hatniremeP

: tukireb iagabes ,)5002 ,gneguS(

.a gnadnU - nu aganeteK gnad 3002/31.oN naajrek

.b 2 nad 1 taya 72 lasap 5491 DUU

.c gnadnU - 0791/1.oN ajreK natamaleseK gnadnu

.d gnadnU - 2991/3 .oN ajreK aganeT laisoS nanimaJ gnatnet gnadnu

.e aganeT laisoS nanimaJ naaraggneleyneP gnatnet hatniremeP narutareP

3991/41.oN ajreK

.f tupeK nagnubuH aneraK lubmit gnay tikayneP gnatnet nediserP nasu

3991/22.oN ajreK

.g nahisrebeK ,nataheseK tarayS gnatnet nahurubreP iretneM narutareP

4691/7.oN ajreK tapmeT malad nagnareneP atres

.h nataheseK naaskiremeP gnatnet ajreK aganeT iretneM narutareP

aganeT 0891/2.oN ajreK natamaleseK naaraggneleyneP malad ajreK

.i nakropalem nabijaweK gnatnet ajreK aganeT iretneM narutareP

1891/1.oN ajreK tabikA tikayneP

.j ajreK nataheseK nanayaleP gnatnet ajreK aganeT iretneM narutareP

2891/3.oN

.k et ajreK aganeT iretneM nasutupeK tapmet id akisif rotkaf BAN gnatn

9991/15.oN ajrek


33

.l aradu id aimik rotkaf BAN gnatnet ajreK aganeT iretneM naradE taruS

.7991/1.oN ajrek nagnukgnil

.B uluhadreT naitileneP

nakukalid kutnu gnitnep tagnas aynmulebes nakukalid gnay naitileneP

kapid tapad anerak .anugreb tagnas gnay nauca nad isamrofni iagabes ia

irad aynmulebes naitilenep nauca nakanuggnem silunep ini naitilenep malaD

“ luduj nagned ,)1102( itayaH ikiR nowaB nataheseK naanaskaleP huragneP

maleseK nad raK ajreniK padahreT ajreK nata orp naigaB naway adaP iskud

gnadnaS irtsudnI .TP gnalaM gnawaL lataP tinU aratnasuN ” nagned

:tukireb iagabes nalupmisek nad natahesek lebairav iuhatekid naitilenep

gnay nawayrak ajrenik padahret nakifingis huragnepreb aj rek natamalesek

F > gnutihF ialin nagned nakkujnutid nakgnadeS .)762,3 > 381,34( lebat

gnisam hu ragnep aynraseb - tahilid tapad nahurulesek araces lebai rav gnisam

gnisam iserger neisifeok irad - natahesek naanaskalep lebairav utiay ,gnisam

)2X( ajrek natamalesek naanaskalep nad 505,0 rasebes utiay )1X( ajrek

hibel gnay ajrek natahesek naanaskalep lebai rav itrareb ini laH .222,0 rasebes

lisah iraD .iskudorp naigab nawayrak ajrenik padahret huragnepreb tauk

nanimaj nakirebmem kutnu ayapureb naahasurep kahip nakparahid naitilenep

rek natahesek ed nawayrak arap aj tapad naway rak arap sativitka naparah nagn

su rah nialeS .nakpatetid halet gnay anacne r nagned iauses nalajreb

ajrek natamalesek nad natahesek naanaskalep halasam nakitahrepmem


43

ajrekeb gnay aisunam ayad rebmus nakitah repmem surah aguj naahasurep

ab adap .aynnanilpisidek naktakgnitid hibel raga iskudorp naig

aynmulebes naitilenep nakanuggnem aguj silunep ini naitilenep malaD

irad aynmulebes nauca irad taugnep iagabes )8002( itaidraD “ luduj nagned

nawayrak ajrenik nad ajrek natamalesek ,natahesek huragneP iskudorp naigab

atres k huragnep natamalesek nad natahese rek nawayrak ajrenik padahret aj

”.otrekojoM perklopmeG .GP adap iskudorp naigab nalupmisek nagned

:tukireb iagabes whab nakkujnunem naitilenep lisaH nad nataheseK a

reK natamalesek iaynupmem aj agnep hur renik padahret nakifingis gnay aj

perklopmeG .GP adap nawayrak lisah helo gnukudid ini laH .otrekojoM

naklisahgnem gnay iserger nagnutihrep 913.0 = 1X kutnu iserger neisifeok

= 1X kutnu gnutih t lisah atres 661.0 = 2X nad hibel 325.3 = 2X nad 163.5

b .486.1 rasebes ,% 5 atayn farat adap lebat t irad rase rad nalupmiseK i

upmam ajrek natamaleseK nad nataheseK ,ini naitilenep naksalejnem

rak ajrenijk namagarek .% 78 rasebes utiay iskudorp naigab naway

irebid tapad gnay naras sata id nalupmisek nakrasadreB tagnignem : nak

nad natahesek rek natamalesek s aj ragnepreb tagna ajtenik padah ret hu

tapad ini lah nawayrak kutnu naahasurep igab nauca nad pesnok nakidajid

araces 3K nakansakalem malad nagned uatnamem surenem suret nad alakreb

atrepmem tapad kutnu naujut naknah gnay ajrenik naktakgninem nakhab

ulre aynkadneh naahasurep ,iapacid ini amales lanretni rotkaf nakitahrepmem

rotarepo aj rekep nahutapek nagned nagnubuh reb gnay iskudorp nemetraped

rosivrepus nasawagnep nad isarepo rudesorp itukignem malad adit kutnU .k


53

nahutapek naktakgninem kutnu nakayapuid aynulrep naknarasid uti ajrekep

bel nagned rotarepo rekep isavitom nakitahrepmem hi itukignem malad aj

desorp roivaheb margorp iulalem aynlasim ,isarepo ru - ;gniniart ytefas esab

didnep nakirebmem alep nad naki retam nagned nahit rp gnatnet nauhategnep i

rudeso kutnu isarepo rudesorp ihutamem kutnu ayngnitnep nad isarepo

,natamalesek rek nanamaek nad natahesek nakiabrep ;nagnukgnil atres aj

nasawagnep metsis id isarepo rudesorp naanaskalep nakitahrepmem nagned

apal natakgninep nad nagn naktakgninem akgnar malad ajrek mit narep

;isarepo rudesorp itukignem nahutapek epo rudesorp padahret isiver nad isar

kadit hadus nakasarid gnay .iauses

.C lautpesnoK akgnareK

nataheseK( 3K margorP huragneP ledoM )ajreK naamaleseK nadnawayrak ajreniK padahret

lautpesnoK akgnareK : 2.II rabmaG

nad natahesek( 3K margorPajrek natamalesek )

X( ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP 1)

isakilbuP X( natamalesek 2)

X( ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 3) nawayrak ajreniK )Y(

X( nilpisid nad nasawagneP 4)

3K naradasek natakgnineP X( 5)


63

.D sisetopiH

naitilenep halasam nasumur padahret aratnemes nabawaj halada sisetopiH

onoyiguS( , 002 7 : halada naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay sisetopih nupadA .)

H1 = hakapA 3K margorp rotakidni )ajreK natamaleseK nad nataheseK( ,

lortnoK , natamalesek isakilbuP , ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP

nilpisid nad nasawagneP , ajrek nagnukgnil , nad natakgnineP

3K naradasek natlumis araces ajrenik padahret huragnepreb

B udaM .TP nawayrak atrakaygoY ,ura .

H2 = hakapA ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP laisrap araces huragnepreb

atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP nawayrak ajrenik padahret .

H3 = hakapA natamalesek isakilbuP laisrap araces padahret huragnepreb

atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP nawayrak ajrenik .

H4 = hakapA ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK laisrap araces huragnepreb


H5 = hakapA nilpisid nad nasawagneP laisrap araces huragnepreb


H6 hakapA dasek natakgnineP 3K nara huragnepreb laisrap araces



73

III BAB

DOTEM E NAITILENEP

.A sineJ naitileneP

atad nalupmugnep edoteM nakanuggnem itilenep ,ini naitilenep malaD

naklupmukid isamrofni utiay yevruS naitilenep sinej nagned fitatitnauK

uata ,naaynatrep ratfad iulalem )nednopser( gnaro iaynanem nagned

noiseuk itilenep igab nauca sugilakes narabmag nakirebmem tapad raga ,re

lem malad usuynem atres naitilenep nakuka ; onoyiguS( .ispirks n 21 :9002 )

.B naitileneP kejbO nad kejbuS

gnaro halada naitilenep kejbuS - nednopser iagabes nakidajid gnay gnaro

S .)2002 ,otnukirA( atabes aynah ini naitilenep malad naitilenep kejbu s

nawayrak isalatsnI naigab uraB udaM .TP nakodaP - nahisaK olomrinotriT

B atrakaygoY lutna .

akitamelborp irad itni nakapurem gnay utauses halada naitilenep kejbO

002 ,otnukirA( naitilenep 2 .) itilenep kejbO halada ini naitilenep malad na

rgorP nad ajreK natamaleseK ma padahreT ajreK nataheseK nawayraK ajreniK

TP . uraB udaM nakodaP - rinotriT .atrakaygoY lutnaB nahisaK olom

.C naitileneP isakoL nad utkaW

naitilenep utkaW : iraurbeF - teraM 3102


83

eP isakoL naitilen : uraB udaM .TP nakodaP - nahisaK olomrinotriT ,

lutnaB , .atrakaygoY

.D naitileneP lebairaV

lenep malad itiletid gnay lebairaV aud malad nakakumekid ini naiti

.nedneped lebairav nad tnednepedni lebairav utiay lebairav

.1 nednepedni lebairaV )iridneS iridreB(

eM babes idajnem gnay uata ihuragnepmem gnay lebairav nakapur

v aynlubmit uata aynhabureb 9002 ,onoyiguS( nedneped lebaira malad ,)

nad nataheseK margorP halada aynnednepedni lebairav ini naitilenep

ajreK natamaleseK )X(

.2 nednepeD lebairaV T( )gnutnagre

nakapureM lebairav adap gnutnagret aynraseb gnay lebairav

gnay uata ihuragnepid nedneped lebairav nial atak nagned ,nednepedni

av aynada anerak tabika idajnem 9002,onoyiguS( nednepedni lebair .)

halada aynnedneped lebairav ini naitilenep malaD nawayraK ajreniK .)Y(

.E P lepmaS nad isalupo

.1 isalupoP

9002( onoyiguS turuneM gnay isasilareneg hayaliw halada isalupop ,)

kitsiretkarak nad satilauk iaynupmem gnay kejbus/kejbo : sata iridret

naidumek nad irajalepid kutnu itilenep helo nakpatetid gnay utnetret

aynnalupmisek kiratid keybo aguj ipatet ,gnaro aynah nakub isalupop idaJ .


93

adneb nad - gnay halmuj radekes nakub aguj isalupoP .nial gnay mala adneb

hurules itupilem ipatet ,irajalepid gnay kejbus/kejbo adap ada

malaD .uti kejbo uata kejbus helo ikilimid gnay tafis/kitsiretkarak

aynisalupop ini naitilenep halada iridret gnay ,isalatsni naigab nawayrak

.kirtsil nuisats nad nagniliG nuisats ,naletek nuisats irad uraB udaM .TP

nakodaP - .atrakaygoY ,lutnaB ,nahisaK olomrinotriT 031 halmujreb

.nawayrak

III lebaT 1. P isalupoP halmuJ da a TP omsikudaM .

3102 halo id remirp atad :rebmuS

.2 lepmaS

helo ikilimid gnay kitsiretkarak nad halmuj irad naigab halada lepmaS

p 9002 ,onoyiguS( tubesret isalupo .)611 : aS halada ini naitilenep lepm

I naigab nawayrak nuisats ,naletek nuisats irad iridret gnay ,isalatsn

.kirtsil nuisats nad nagniliG .TP uraB udaM nakodaP - olomrinotriT

nahisaK , lutnaB , .atrakaygoY

salupop irad lepmas halmuj nautnenep lebat adap nakrasadreB i

k farat nagned 9002( onoyiguS ,% 5 nahalase halmuj nagned akaM.)

isalupop 031 gnay lepmas halmuj akam ,% 5 nahalasek takgnit nad

halada ini naitilenep malad itilenep libmaid 59 .

.oN nakididneP halmuJ 1 1S 0 2 3D 0 3 AMS 79 6 PMS 42 7 DS 9 latoT 031


04

.3 kinkeT lepmas nalibmagneP

malad nakanugid naka gnay lepmas nalibmagnep kinkeT ini naitilenep

halada etanoitroporP deifitartS modnaR .gnilpmaS onoyiguS turuneM

9002( rusnu uata atoggna iaynupmem isalupop alib nakanugid ini kinket )

tapad lepmas raseB .lanoisroporp araces atartsreb nad negomoh kadit gnay

: sumur nagned iracid

n 1 =1

1

NN

n x 0

: anamid

n 1 = .natabaj / naigab pait adap nawayrak lepmas aynkaynaB

1N = .nawayrak hurules aynkaynaB

N1 = nawayrak aynkaynaB .natabaj / naigab pait adap

n 0 = idajnem libmaid naka gnay lepmas hurules aynkaynaB

.nednopser

irad lepmas nakiranep salejrepmem hibel kutnU naigab nawayrak

nuisats ,naletek nuisats irad iridret gnay ,isalatsnI nuisats nad nagniliG

.kirtsil TP . nakodaP uraB udaM - lomrinotriT ,lutnaB ,nahisaK o

.atrakaygoY M tukireb iagabes gnutihid tapad aka :

1S = 059031

0 x 0≈

3D = 059031

0 x 0≈

AMS = 488,075903179 x 17≈


14

PMS = 835,715903142 x 71≈

DS = 675,659031

9 x 7≈

III lebaT 2. P isalupoP halmuJ ada uraB udaM .TP

.oN nakididneP halmuJ 1 1S 0 2 3D 0 3 AMS 17 6 PMS 71 7 DS 7 latoT 59

3102 halo id remirp atad :rebmuS nednopser kitsiretkarak atad naripmal adap

.F ataD rebmuS

M atad sinej nakanuggnem ini naitilenep malad atad nalupmugnep edote

.rednukes atad nad remirp

.1 remirp ataD

remirp ataD kiab amatrep rebmus irad gnusgnal helorepid gnay atad utiay

naisignep lisah uata aracnawaw lisah itrepes ,kopmolek uata udividni irad

seuk apureb remirp atad ini naitilenep malaD .)2002( ramU niessuH .renoi

nawayrak arap irad renoiseuk nabawaj uraB udaM .TP nakodaP -

nahisaK olomrinotriT , atrakaygoY lutnaB , lebairav ianegnem utiay

ajreK natamaleseK nad nataheseK margorP nad , nawayraK ajreniK ajreK .

.2 rednukes ataD

rednukes ataD nad tujnal hibel haloid halet gnay remirp atad utiay

rednukes ataD .nial kahip uata atad lupmugnep kahip helo nakijasid


24

,ramU niessuH( margaid uata elbat kutneb malad nial aratna nakijasid

ay ini naitilenep malaD .)2002 halmuj halada rednukes atad nakapurem gn

nawayrak natawarep .TP uraB udaM nakodaP , - nahisaK olomrinotriT

,atrakaygoY lutnaB .nakididnep takgnit nakrasadreb

.G P kinkeT gne nalupmu ataD

kinket nakanuggnem itilenep ,nakulrepid gnay atad helorepmem kutnU

agabes : tukireb i

.1 aracnawaW

atad nalibmagnep edotem halada aracnawaw ,)6991( owobarP turuneM

aynarac ,nednopser gnaroeses adapek utauses nakaynanem arac nagned

pakacreb nagned halada - ini naitilenep malaD .akum patat araces pakac

iaracnawawem itilenep skes alapeK isatnemurtsnI nad kirtsil i TP . udaM

uraB nakodaP , - nahisaK olomrinotriT , atrakaygoY lutnaB natiakreb gnay ,

agned n wayrak I naigab alug iskudorp gnadib na isalatsn .

.2 renoiseuK

naaynatrep halmujes halada renoiseuk ,)2002( otnukirA imisrahuS

id gnay silutret itra malad nednopser isamrofni helorepmem kutnu nakanug

lah uata aynirid gnatnet naropal - .iuhatekid gnay lah iracid gnay ataD

nagned natiakreb ajreK natamaleseK nad nataheseK margorP nad ajreniK

uk anamid ,renoiseuK arac nagned helorepid ini ataD .nawayrak renoise

itilenep alib neisife gnay atad nalupmugnep kinket nakapurem tubesret

iuhategnem nad rukuid naka gnay lebairav itsap nagned iuhategnem gnay


34

akparahid asib gnay apa 9002 ,onoyiguS( nednopser irad n renoiseuK .)

ini naitilenep ser adapek nakirebid naka iagabes ajrekeb gnay nednop

nawayrak iskudorp gnadib isalatsnI naigab id .TP uraB udaM nakodaP -

nahisaK olomrinotriT , atrakaygoY lutnaB .

iagabes nakanugid gnay natakapesek nakapurem narukugnep alakS

a gnay lavretni aynkednep gnajnap nakutnenem kutnu nauca tala malad ad

naka narukugnep malad nakanugid alib tubesret ruku tala aggnihes ,ruku

d naklisahgnem 9002 ,onoyiguS( fitatitnauk ata ini naitilenep malaD .)

rukugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay alaks utiay ,trekiL alaks nakanuggnem

eses ispesrep nad tapadnep ,pakis gnatnet gnaro kopmolekes uata gnaro

9002 ,onoyiguS( laisos anemonef irad isadarg iaynupmem trekil alakS .)

akgna 5 nakanuggnem aynmumu adap fitagen tagnas iapmas fitisop tagnas

:utiay naitilenep

.1 roks nakirebid iggnit tagnaS 5 :

.2 roks nakirebid iggniT : 4

.3 roks nakirebid naksaumem pukuC 3 :

.4 roks nakirebid hadneR 2 :

.5 roks ialin nakirebid hadneR tagnaS 1 :

S natukgnasreb gnay udividni alaksnem naidumek ini trekil alak

atar ialiN .hilipid gnay nabawaj tobob habmanem nagned - m irad atar nisa g-

nednopser gnisam narukU .lavretni salek maladek nakkopmolekid tapad

utas lavretni gnatnet isamrofni nakirebmem kutnu nakanugid lavretni


44

aggnihes 5 salek halmuJ .nial keybo uata gnaro nagned keybo gnaro

: tukireb iagabes gnutihid tapad lavretni

iskam ialiN = lavretni saleK mum - muminim ialiN lavretni saleK

lavretnI 5 = – 8,0 = 1

5

: tukireb iagabes aynkiremun akam 8,0 alaks gnatner nagneD

.)1 7,1 d/s 00,1 lebairav roks alibapa )RS( hadneR tagnaS 0 gnay

jnunem aheseK margorP nakku ,ajreK natamaleseK nad nat

nawayrak ajreniK .hadner tagnas

.)2 hadneR ,1 lebairav roks alibapa )R( 71 5,2 d/s 0 gnay

nad ,ajreK natamaleseK nad nataheseK margorP nakkujnunem

nawayrak ajreniK .hadner

.)3 pukuC bairav roks alibapa )C( ,2 le 51 ,3 d/s 90 gnay


.nawayrak ajreniK .pukuc

.)4 ggniT ,3 lebairav roks alibapa )T( i 91 gnay 91,4 d/s


nawayrak ajreniK .iggnit

.)5 T tagnaS ,4 lebairav roks alibapa )TS( iggni 02 gnay 00,5 d/s


nawayrak ajreniK .takgninem


54

.H lebairaV isasilanoisarepO

.1 lebairaV isakifitnedI

aud malad nakakumekid ini naitilenep malad itiletid gnay lebairaV

av .nedneped lebairav nad tnednepedni lebairav utiay lebair

.a nednepedni lebairaV

idajnem gnay uata ihuragnepmem gnay lebairav nakapureM

,onoyiguS( nedneped lebairav aynlubmit uata aynhabureb babes

002 9 : halada aynnednepedni lebairav ini naitilenep malad ,)

.)1 margorP ajrek natahesek nad natamaleseK X( 1)

.b nednepeD lebairaV

M lebairav adap gnutnagret aynraseb gnay lebairav nakapure

uata ihuragnepid nedneped lebairav nial atak nagned ,nednepedni

nednepedni lebairav aynada anerak tabika idajnem gnay

002,onoyiguS( 9 aynnedneped lebairav ini naitilenep malaD .)

ajrenik halada awayrak n .)Y(

.2 lebairaV lanoisarepO isinifeD

nad susak ianegnem halasam nasumur halada lanoisarepo isinifeD

utnu iracid naka gnay lebairav ainudid naitilenep malad nakutnetid tapad k

.)3002 ,tigiS( imalaid tapad gnay nagnapalid uata siripme ainudid ,atayn

lebairaV : halada ini naitilenep malad itiletid gnay kurtsnok uata

.a margorP ajrek natahesek nad natamaleseK X( 1)

haladA nad nahutuek nimajnem kutnu ayapu nad narikimep utaus

adap ajrek aganet hainahor nupuam hainamsaj kiab naanrupmesek


64

kutnu ayadub nad ayrak lisah ,aynmumu adap aisunam nad ,aynsusuhk

m nad lida takaraysam ujunem .rumka naD .)2002 ,aragenukgnaM(

idajnem igabret 5 :rotakidni

)1 natamaleseK nahitaleP X( 1.1 :itupilem gnay )

)a rejanam kutnu susuhk nahitalep nakadagnem naahasureP nad

nawayrak X(. 1.1.1 )

)b tala naanuggnepnahitalep nakirebmem naahasureP - tala

ajrek natamalesek X( .1.1 2)

)c nad nahagecnep nahitalep nakirebmem naahasureP

narakabek ayahab nagnaluggnanep X( . 3.1.1 )

)d nakadaid gnay nahitalep irad taafnam nakasarem adnA

naahasurep X( .1.1 4)

)e naajrekep gnatnet isamrofni kaynab nakirebmem nahitaleP

adna X( .1.1 5)

alin naktapadnem kutnU nagned utiay ajrek tapmet naadaeK latot i

gnisam roks nakhalmujnem - ajrek tapmet naadaeK rotakidni gnisam

:ajrek tapmet naadaeK rotakidni halmuj nagned igabid naidumek

X 1.1 =5

..... 51.141.131.121..11.11 XXXXX

X 1.1 roks = natamaleseK nahitaleP

X 1.1.1 X , ,2.1.1 ..... X 5.1.1 . rotakidni roks =

)2 ajreK natamaleseK isakilbuP X( 2.1 ) :itupilem gnay ,

)a p adA isnetopreb gnay tapmet id natagnirep adnat nagnasame

ayahab X(. 1.2.1 )


74

)b gnatnet nasepnasep tapadret naahasurep nagnukgnil iD

ajrek natamalesek X(. 2..2.1 )

)c fni nakirebmem naahasureP ayahab takgnit gnatnet isamro

naajrekep X(. 3.2.1 )

)d arac gnatnet kiab gnay hotnoc nakirebmem adna nasatA - arac

tahes nad nama gnay ajrekeb X(. .2.1 4)

)e narutarep iaynupmem naahasureP - natamalesek narutarep

ajrek X(. .2.1 5)

latot ialin naktapadnem kutnU arep naiakameP ajrek natal utiay

gnisam roks nakhalmujnem nagned - rotakidni gnisam naiakameP

ajrek natalarep rotakidni halmuj nagned igabid naidumek naiakameP

ajrek natalarep :

X 2.1 =5

5.X.... 1.141.131.121..11.11 XXXX

X 2.1 roks = ajreK natamaleseK isakilbuP

X 2.1 1. X , 2.1 ,2. ..... X .1.1 5. rotakidni roks = ajreK natamaleseK isakilbuP

)3 ajreK nagnukgniL lortnoK X( .1 3) :itupilem gnay ,

)a kutnu irid gnudnilep tala nakaideynem naahasureP

ajrekeb X(. .1 3 1. )

)b kiab pukuc adna ajrek tapmet id nagnaur uhuS X(. .1 3 2.. )

)c m pukuc adna ajrek tapmet id nagnareneP naksaume X(. .1 3 3. )

)d hisreb pukuc adna ajrek tapmet nagnauR X(. .1 3.4)


84

)e id aidesret ajrek natamalesek nad nanamaek napakgnelreP

adna ajrek nagnukgnil X(. .1 3.5)

)f ajrek tapmet id K3P satilisaf iaynupmem naahasureP X( .1 3.6)

latot ialin naktapadnem kutnU rep naiakameP ajrek natala utiay



ajrek natalarep :

X 3.1 =6

...... 63.153.143.133.123.113.1 XXXXXX

X 3.1 roks = ajrek natalarep naiakameP

X 3.1 1. X , 3.1 ,2. ...... X 3.1 3. . rotakidni roks = ajrek natalarep naiakameP

)4 nilpisiD nad nasawagneP X( .1 4) :itupilem gnay ,

)a nisem nad ajrek natalarep mulebeS - nakukalid nakanugid nisem

uluhad hibelret nakecegnep X(. .1 41)

)b tala nakecegnep nakukalem naahasureP - ajrek natamalesek tala

itur araces n X(. .1 4 2.. )

)c )DPA( irid gnudnilep tala naanuggnep nakbijawem naahasureP

ajrekeb taas X(. .1 4 3. )

)d nahab padahret nasawagnep nakirebmem naahasureP - nahab

ayahabreb nad nucareb X( .1 4.4)

)e nawayrak natahesek naaskiremep nakadagnem naahasureP

nitur araces X( .1 4.5)

tnU latot ialin naktapadnem ku ajrek natalarep naiakameP utiay



94


ajrek natalarep :

X 4.1 =5

..... 54.144.1324.124.114.1 XXXXX

X 4.1 roks = nad nasawagneP nilpisiD

X 4.1 1. X , 4.1 ,2. ..... X 4.1 .5. rotakidni roks = nilpisiD nad nasawagneP

)5 3K naradaseK natakgnineP X( .1 5) :itupilem gnay ,

)a gnay naitahrep nakirebmem naahasureP halasam padahret raseb

nad natamalesek )3K( ajrek natahesek X(. .1 .5 1)

)b naktapmenem naahasureP iagabes 3K malad amatu satiroirp

ajrekeb X(. .1 5 2.. )

)c nakitahrepmem tagnas naahasureP natahesek nad natamalesek

adna ajrek . X( .1 3.5 )

)d nakusamnakusam naknignignem naahasureP tiakret adna irad

3K halasam nagned X( .1 4.5 )

latot ialin naktapadnem kutnU rep naiakameP ajrek natala utiay



ajrek natalarep :

X 5.1 =4

.... 45.135.125.115.1 XXXX

X 5.1 roks = 3K naradaseK natakgnineP

X 5.1 1. X , 5.1 ,2. ......... X .1 4.5 . rotakidni roks = 3K naradaseK natakgnineP


05

latot ialin naktapadnem kutnU margorP nad natamaleseK

ajrek natahesek gnisam roks nakhalmujnem nagned utiay - gnisam

rotakidni margorP ajrek natahesek nad natamaleseK igabid naidumek

: ajreK natamaleseK nad nataheseK margorP rotakidni halmuj nagned

X1 =5

5.14.13.12.11.1 XXXXX

X1 roks = margorP ajrek natahesek nad natamaleseK

X 1.1 X , 2.1 ...... X 5.1 rotakidni roks = ajrek natahesek nad natamaleseK

.b Y( ajreniK 1)

ay satitnauk nad satilauk araces ajrek lisah halada ajreniK gn

iauses aynsagut nakanaskalem malad iawagep gnaroes helo iapacid

,.M.P rawnA( aynadapek nakirebid gnay bawaj gnuggnat nagned

002 2 .)

ajrek lisah halada ajrenik ,)9991( onotneS oriwarP idayuS turuneM

s malad kopmolek uata gnaroeses helo iapacid tapad gnay utau

iauses isasinagro nagned gnisam bawaj gnuggnat nad gnanewew -

natukgnasreb isasinagro naujut iapacnem ayapu akgnar malad ,gnisam

nad larom nagned iauses nad mukuh raggnalem kadit ,lagel araces

akite . : halada ajrenik lebairav rotakidnI

jreniK rotakidnI 9991 ,idayuS( a : itupilem )

)1 Y( naajrekep halmuJ 1.1 )


15

nagned natiakreb ini laH :nawayrak sativitkudorp takgniT

nakiaselesid upmam gnay naajrekep lisah )halmuj( satitnauk

.nawayrak gnaroes helo

)a Y( naajrekep halmujes naiaseleyneP 1.1.1 )

)2 Y( naajrekep satilauK 2.1 )

naitiletek irad naigab halada naajrekep lisah sata nakecegneP

.natukgnasreb nawayrak helo ikilimid gnay

)a Y( tapet nad itilet nagned naajrekep naiaseleyneP 1.2.1 )

)3 ut naka nauhategneP Y( sag 3.1 )

gnay naajrekep gnatnet nawayrak gnaroes nauhategneP


)a Y( pukuc gnay nauhategneP 1.3.1 )

)4 Y( amas ajreK 4.1 )

lrep nawayrak gnaroes irad nial gnaro adapek nagnutnagreteK u

( nairidnamek nagned natiakreb anerak ,ialinid ecnedifnoc fles )

.aynnaajrekep nakanaskalem malad gnaroeses

)a Y( amas ajrekeb naupmameK 1.4.1 )

)5 Y( bawaj gnuggnaT 5.1 )

lawdaj nad naanacnerep taubmem nawayrak naupmameK

aajrekep ihuragnepmem naka babes gnitnep ialinid ini lah ,aynn

bawaj gnuggnat idajnem gnay naajrekeplisah utkaw natapetek

.nawayrak gnaroes


25

)a Y( sagut naka bawaj gnuggnaT 1.5.1 )

)6 Y( ajrek pakiS 6.1 )

fisreb gnay nakajibek uata tnemgduJ ikilimid gnay hairulan ta

aid anerak ,ajrenik ihuragnepmem tapad nawayrak gnaroes

aynsagut ialinem nad nakiauseynem naupmamek iaynupmem

.isasinagro naujut gnajnunem malad

)a Y( sagut adap isartnesnoK 1.6.1 )

)7 Y( fitaisinI 7.1 )

naupmamek nagned iatresid tapar malad naridaheK

nasagag nakiapmaynem - nial gnaro adapek aynnasagag

gnaroes ajrenik ialinem malad iridnesret ialin iaynupmem

.nawayrak

)a Y( sagut naknalajnem fitaisinI 1.7.1 )

)8 Y( sinket nalipmareteK 8.1 )

gnaroes sagut idajnem gnay naajrekep sata sinket nauhategneP

utum nagnednatiakreb ini lah anerak ,ialinid surah nawayrak

nakiaseletnem nawayrak gnaroes natapecek nad naajrekep

.aynbawaj gnuggnat idajnem gnay naajrekep utaus

)a p sinket nalipmareteK Y( naajreke 1.8.1 )

)9 nakiaseleynem uata nasutupek libmagnem naupmameK

Y( halasam 9.1 )


35

malad ialinid surah gnay rotkaf idajnem nanipmimepeK

.nawayrak gnaroes ajrenik ialinem

)a Y( nasutupek libmagnem naupmameK 1.9.1 )

)01 Y( nanipmimepeK 01.1 )

kiab ,nawayrak gnaroes irad isakinumokreb naupmameK

tapad aynnasata nagned nupuam nawayrak amases nagned

.aynajrenik ihuragnepmem

)a Y( gnibmibmem nad nakharagnem naupmameK 1.01.1 )

)11 Y( isartsinimdA 11.1 )

gnaro nagned nawayrak gnaroes amas ajrekeb naupmameK -

.aynajrenik nakutnenem malad narepreb tagnas nial gnaro

)a saguT - Y( isartsinimda sagut 1.11.1 )

)21 Y( sativitaerK 21.1 )

jnem gnay naajrekep rutagnem naupmameK gnuggnat ida

aynmumu ,ajrek lawdaj taubmem kusamret ,aynbawaj

.nawayrak gnaroes ajrenik ihuragnepmem

)a Y( naajrekep sativitaerK 1.21.1 )

Y1 =21

1.21.1..........2.1.11.1.1 YYY

: anamiD

Y 1 ajrenik rokS = ayrak naw

Y 1.1 X , 2.1 X ........ , 21.1 rotakidni rokS =


45

.I keT n emurtsnI naijugneP kin n

.1 satidilaV ijU

rukugnem tapad rukugnep tala utaus anam huajes farat halada satidilaV

,nednopser adapek nakrabesid renoiseuk mulebeS .rukuid aynsurahes gnay

idilav rukuid renoiseuk nakanuggnem ini satidilav narukugneP .aynsat

isalerok sumur nosraeP ( noitaleroC fo tneiciffeoC tnemoM tcudorP ,)

,onoyiguS( 9002 842: : )

: nagnareteK

r yx )y( lebairav nagned )x( ritub roks aratna anahredes isalerok neisifeok =

nednopser halmuj = N

x naaynatrep meti uata )x( ritub roks =

nednopser pait uata )y( lebairav latot roks = y

( ruku ilakes kinket nakanuggnem ini satidilav iju naanaskaleP eno

euqinhcet tohs nakigabid aynah renoiseuk ini edotem nagned anamid ,)

.nednopser adapek ajas ilak utas iradnihgnem kutnu nakanerakid ini laH

.nakujaid gnay naaynatrep irad amas gnay nabawaj irebmem nednopser

nakanugid naka sugilakes nednopser irad helorepid gnay nabawaj lisaH

.satilibailer nad satidilav sisilana malad nakusam iagabes

rtsni nakutnenem kutnU nakanugid ,kadit uata dilav tnemu

tukireb iagabes nautnetek

.a gnutih r akiJ ( %5 nakifingis farat nagned lebat r ≥ )%5= α

dilav nakatakid tnemurtsni


55

.b )%5= α( %5 nakifingis farat nagned lebat r < gnutih r akiJ

.dilav kadit nakatakid tnemurtsni

nakifingis uata atayn farat nakanugid ini naijugnep malaD

at uata %5 level aynitra ,%5 isnakifingis ijU .%59 naayacrepek far

rasebes nalupmisek nalibmagnep malad nahalasek nanikgnumek

gnarukes nalupmisek nalibmagnep malad raneb uata %5 -

%59 ayngnaruk

.2 satilibaileR ijU

lisah isnetsisnok takgnit iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid ini ijU

ep gnay alajeg hibel uata ilak aud atad narukugnep nakukalid alib narukugn

nakkujnunem gnay skedni haubes helo nakkujnutid aynlisaH .amas

kutnu nakparetid ini ijU .ayacrepid tapad ruku tala utaus huaj aparebes

natrep bawajnem halet nednopser hakapa iuhategnem naay - naaynatrep

tapad aynnabawaj nahuggnusek aggnihes,kadit uata netsisnok araces

.ayacrepid gnutihid naka nemurtsni satilibiler tahilem kutnU ahplA

hcabnorC gnisam - nakatakid lebairav otnukirA turuneM .nemurtsni gnisam

rC ahplA ialin ikilimem akij lebilaer hcabno > sumur nagned 06,0

tneiciffeoC ahplA s’hcabnorC nagned )2002 ,otnukirA imisrahuS(

: aynsumur

rtb

kk 2

11 1)1(

: anamiD

r 11 nemurtsni satilibilaer =


65

k naaynatrep ritub kaynab =

2t latot snairav halmuj =

2b ritub snairav halmuj =

utiay meti sisilana nakrasadreb nakukalid satidilav naijugneP

nahalmujnep lisah( lebairav roks nagned meti paites roks nakisalerokgnem

rok kinkeT .)naaynatrep meti roks hurules iakamem aynisale

noitalerroCnosraeP ikilimem alibapa dilav nakataynid naaynatrep metI .

r ialin gnutih r > lebat .

.a gnutih r akiJ ( %5 nakifingis farat nagned lebat r ≥ )%5= α

lebailer nakatakid tnemurtsni

.b )%5= α( %5 nakifingis farat nagned lebat r < gnutih r akiJ

sni kadit nakatakid tnemurt elbailer

.3 kisalK ismusA ijU

id gnay iserger sirag naamasrep awhab naknikayem kutnU halada helorep

naka akam ,nalamarep iracnem kutnu dilav nakanugrepid tapad nad raenil

iju ,satilamron iju nakanuggnem nagned utiay ,kisalk ismusa iju nakukalid

isalerokotua nad satireinolokitlum iju ,satisitsadekoreteh .

.a ijU kisalK ismusA satilamroN

n ijU ledom malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb satilamro

iserger ledoM .lamron isubirtsid ikilimem laudiser lebairav ,iserger

itakednem uata lamron gnay atad isubirtsid ikilimem kiab gnay

lamron isubirtsid ikilimem atad utaus hakapa naitkubmeP .lamron


75

id tapad nupuam margotsih adap aynatad isubirtsid kutneb adap tahil

tolp ytilibaborp lamron .

tubesret atad akij lamron isubirtsid nakatakid atad ,margotsih adaP

adap nakgnadeS .gnecnol itrepes kutnebreb ,tolp ytilibaborp lamron

beynep ada akij lamron nakatakid atad kitit nara - sirag ratikesid kitit

atad akiJ .lanogaid sirag hara itukignem aynnarabeynep nad lanogaid

akam lamron sirag hara itukignem nad lamron sirag ratikesid rabeynem

.satilamron ismusa ihunemem iserger ledom

.b satisitsadeksoreteH kisalK ismusA ijU

malaD ianegnem ijuid aguj ulrep adnagreb reinil iserger naamasrep

kadit uata amas snairav nagned utas gnay isavresbo laudiser irad

iaynupmem aynlaudiser akiJ .nial gnay isavresbo snairav tubesid amas

akij nad satisitsadeksomoh idajret snairav uata amas kadit ayn adebreb

9002 ,inoJ malad( otoynuS turuneM .satisitsadeksoreteh idajret tubesid

)84:

.satisitsadeksoreteh idajret kadit akij kiab gnay iserger naamasreP

: naklasiM

)1 07 ,37 ,17 ,96 ,07 utiay A salek awsisaham 5 irad kitsitats ialiN

a magares hibel gnurednec aynhisiles anerak isairavreb kadit uat

.satisitsadeksomoh tubesid ini naidajek ,licek

)2 04 ,08 ,06 ,09 ,03 utiay B salek awsisaham 5 irad kitsitats ialiN

aynhisiles anerak isairavreb tagnas uata magares kadit gnurednec

adeksoreteh tubesid ini naidajek ,raseb .satisits


85

iualem SSPS tuptuo lisah satisitsadeksoreteh ismusa iju sisilanA

kifarg tolprettacs Z aratna noitciderp iaynupmem gnay )DERPZ(

aynlaudiser ialin nad )iskiderp lisah Y = X ubmus( sabeb lebairav

derp Y = Y ubmus( takiret lebairav nakapurem )DISERS( iski – .)liir Y

adap akij idajret satisitsadeksomoH tolprettacs kitit - lisah kitit

hawabid rabeynem DISERS nad DERPZ aratna atad nahalognep

kadit nad Y ubmus adap )0 akgna( nigiro kitit sata id nupuam

akij idajret satisitsadeksoreteH .rutaret alop iaynupmem adap

tolprettacs kitit - ,tipmeynem kiab rutaret gnay alop iaynupmem aynkitit

gnabmolegreb nupuam rabelem - .gnabmoleg

.c satireinilokitluM kisalK ismusA ijU

)74: 9002 ,inoJ malad( otoynuS turunem ini sinej kisalk ismusa ijU

b iserger sisilana kutnu nakparetid aud sata irad iridret gnay adnagre

( sabeb lebairav hibel uata lebairav tnednepedni X( ) 1 X , 2 X , 3 X…, n ,)

uata nagnubuh )natareek( isaisosa takgnit rukuid naka anamid

neisifeok naraseb iulalem tubesret sabeb lebairav ratna huragnep

et nakatakiD .) r ( isalerok isalerok neisifeok akij ,satireinilokitlum idajr

X( sabeb lebairav ratna 1 X nad 2 X , 2 X nad ,3 raseb hibel )aynsuretes nad

idajret kadit nakatakiD .)09,0 nad 05,0 : nial tapadnep( 06,0 irad

hibel sabeb lebairav ratna isalerok neisifeok akij satireinilokitlum licek

r( 06,0 nagned amas uata .)06,0 ≤

tapad satireinilokitlum aynkadit ada nakutnenem malad uatA

: nagned utiay nial arac nakanugid


95

)1 ialiN ecnarelot nakranebid gnay nahalasek takgnit aynraseb halada

.)α( kitsitats araces

)2 ialiN rotkaf noitalfni ecnairav isalfni rotkaf halada )FIV(

.tardauk ukab nagnapmiynep

ialiN ecnarelot ialin nad rotkaf noitalfni ecnairav tapad )FIV(

tukireb iagabes tubesret ialin audek nakgnubaggnem nagned iracid

:

)a ialin raseB ecnarelot : )α(

FIV / 1 = α

)b ialin raseB talfni ecnairav rotkaf noi : )FIV(

α / 1 = FIV

α < gnutih α : akij satireinilokitlum imalagnem sabeb lebairaV

.FIV > gnutih FIV nad

gnutih α : akij satireinilokitlum imalagnem kadit sabeb lebairaV

.FIV < gnutih FIV nad α >

.d isalerokotuA kisalK ismusA ijU

iserger naamasreP halasam ikilimem kadit gnay halada kiab gnay

tubesret naamasrep akam isalerokotua idajret akij ,isalerokotua

halasaM .iskiderp iakapid kayal kadit uata kiab kadit idajnem

nahalasek aratna reinil araces isalerok ada akij lubmit urab isalerokotua

uggnaggnep t edoirep - .)aynmulebes( 1


06

utas halas awhab nakatagnem )25: 9002 ,inoJ malad( otoynuS

nagned isalerokotua halasam aynkadit ada nakutnenem malad naruku

nibruD iju - : tukireb iagabes nautnetek nagned )WD( nostaW

)1 WD ialin akij ,fitisop isalerokotua idajreT hawab id - < WD( 2 - )2

)2 aratnaid adareb WD ialin akij ,isalerokotua idajret kadiT - 2+ nad 2

uata - 2 2+ ≤ WD ≤

)3 > WD uata 2+ sata id WD ialin akij ,fitagen isalerokotua idajreT

2+

.J ataD sisilanA kinkeT

nagnutnagretek ianegnem iduts nakapurem iserger sisilanA lebairav

naujut nagned ,nednepedni lebairav hibel uata utas halas nagned nedneped

atar isamitsegnem kutnu - atar ialin uata isalupop atar - nedneped lebairav atar

sisilana irad lisaH .iuhatekid gnay nednepedni lebairav ialin nakrasadreb

apureb halada iserger gnisam kutnu neisifeok - .nednepedni lebairav gnisam

nedneped lebairav ialin iskiderpmem arac nagned helorepid ini neisifeoK

naujut aud nagned gnutihid iserger neisifeoK .naamasrep utaus nagned

d lautka ialin aratna nagnapmiynep nakmuminimem utiay ,sugilakes ialin na

.ada gnay atad nakrasadreb nedneped lebairav isamitse

.1 adnagreB reiniL isergeR sisilanA

halada sisetopih naijugep uata amatu nahalasamrep bawajnem kutnU

naka gnay naamasrep sumuR .isalerok nad adnagreb reinil iserger edotem

iagabes halada nakanugid : )15 : 7991 ,irafiglA( tukireb


16

b+a =Y 1X1 b+ 2X2 b+ 3X3 b+ 4X4 b+ 5X5 e+

: anamiD

A ( atnatsnoK = tpecretni )

b1-b6 laisrap iserger neisifeok =

Y = nawayrak ajreniK

X1 = natamaleseK nahitaleP

X2 = ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP

X3 = ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK

X4 = nilpisid nad nasawagneP

X5 = 3k naradasek natakgnineP

e Y nagned natiakreb gnay kaca nahalaseK =

kitsitats iju nakulrepid uti iserger naamasrep nahasbaek ijugnem kutnu

R( nanimreted neisifeok nakanuggnem utiay 2 nakkujnunem kutnu )

iausesek huaj aparebes nialeS .atad nagned tubesret iserger naamasrep na

irad adebreb aynneisifeok gnay sisetopih ijugnem kutnu t iju nakanugid uti

.lon

.2 amasreB( F ijU - R( erauqS R nad )amas 2)

lebairav hurules huragnep ada hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid ini ijU

dret gnay sabeb : irad iri natamaleseK nahitaleP , natamalesek isakilbuP

ajrek , ajrek nagnukgnil lortnok , nilpisid nad nasawagneP , nad

3k naradasek natakgninep )Y( tiakret lebairav padahret naamasreb araces ,

nawayrak ajreniK F nakgnidnabmem arac nagned gnutih F nagned bat le F ijU .


26

araces sabeb lebairav huragnep nakifingis ijugnem kutnu nakanugid

amasreb - tiakret lebairav padahret amas gnay nahalasek takgniT .

gnay nahalasek satilibaborp takgnit alibapa ,%5 = α rasebes nakanugid

H akam ,%5 irad gnaruk helorepid 0 H nad kalotid a aynkilabes nad amiretid

akam ,%5 irad hibel helorepid gnay nahalasek satilibaborp takgnit alibapa

H0 ad amiretid H n a .kalotid

R neisifeok helorepid naka iserger lisah iraD erauqs R( 2 R neisifeoK .) 2

naksalejnem malad ledom naupmamek raseb aparebes nakkujnunem

R raseb nikameS .tiakret lebairav isairav 2 tubesret ledom kiab nikames

ra ,lebairav isairav naksalejnem malad R ialin taked nikames aynit 2 nagned

.iakapid gnay ledom kococ uata tapet akam utas

.3 )laisraP( t ijU

sabeb lebairav huragnep ada hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid ini ijU

lebairav irad iridret gnay natamaleseK nahitaleP , natamalesek isakilbuP

ajrek , lortnok ajrek nagnukgnil , nilpisid nad nasawagneP , nad

3k naradasek natakgninep araces )X( , iridnes - padahret iridnes ajrenik

nawayrak t ialin nakgnidnabmem arac nagned gnutih t nagned lebat adap

hakgnal tukireB .utnetret nakifingis takgnit - kanuggnem malad hakgnal na

:t ijU

.1 sisetopih nakutneneM

aynneisifeok ialin alibapa atayn kadit huragnepreb sabeb lebairaV

atayn huragnepreb naka sabeb lebairav nakgnades ,lon nagned amas


36

sisetopiH .lon nagned amas kadit aynneisifeok ialin alibapa

ukireb iagabes halada aynpakgneles : t

.a H 0 b : 1 b ; 2 b ; 3 b ; 4 b ; 5 0 = aynitra natamaleseK nahitaleP ,

ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP , ajrek nagnukgnil lortnok ,

nilpisid nad nasawagneP , nad 3k naradasek natakgninep , araces

iridnes - padahret huragnepreb kadit iridnes nawayrak ajrenik .

.b Ha b : 1 b ; 2 b ; 3 b ; 4 b ; 5 ; 0 aynitra natamaleseK nahitaleP ,

ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP , ajrek nagnukgnil lortnok ,

nilpisid nad nasawagneP , nad 3k naradasek natakgninep , araces

iridnes – padahret huragnepreb iridnes nawayrak ajrenik .

.2 itirk haread nakutneneM s

t ialin helo nakutnetid sitirk hareaD lebat n utiay sabeb tajared nagned -

.%5 α atayn farat nad ,k

.3 t ialin nakutneneM gnutih

t ialiN - b neisifeok kutnu gnutih 1 b , 2 b , 3 b , 4 b , 5 b nad , 6 tapad

: tukireb iagabes naksumurid

t gnutih =

.4 utneneM nasutupek haread nak

H amirenem kutnu nasutupek hareaD 0 H kalonem uata 0 nagned

n utiay sabeb tajared - .%5 atayn farat nagned ,k

.5 .sisetopih naksutumeM

.a th t ≥ t adap t uata 50,0 h p adap - eulav H akam 50,0 ≤ 0 kalotid

H amirenem nad a.


46

.b th t < t adap t uata 50,0 h p adap - H akam 50,0 > eulav 0

H kalonem nad amiretid a.


56

VI BAB

NAITILENEP KEYBUS MUMU NARABMAG

.A naahasureP mumU harajeS

padret ,adnaleB aidniH nahatniremep namaj adaP 71 hibel gnaruk ta

,alug kirbap GP ,nakiseG GP ,narujnaG GP ,nakodaP GP : aynaratnaid

a ini aumeS .iradeM GP nad ,nagnobeC GP ,italeM GP ,notadeK kutneb halad

2491 nuhat adaP .adnaleB aidniH hatniremep helo alolekid nad ahasu

hila libmagnem nad aisenodnI hayaliw ek kusam gnapeJ hatniremep

i taas anerak ,numaN .tubesret alug kirbap aumes adap naklimepek malad ut

ggnihes gnarep isautis pad kadit gnapeJ aynaumes naknahatrepmem ta

ek nakhilaid gnay ubet laera anerak helO .kirbap 21 asisret aynah aggnihes

tubesret kirbap aumes kadit aggnihes idap itrepes ,ajiwalap namanat

iapmas gnapeJ aratnet naulrepek kutnu manatid ini namanaT .ubet gniliggnem

naakedremek ,uti taas adaP .5491 sutsugA 71 nakisamalkorpid aisenidnI

iapmas tubesret alug kirbap aumes nakrucnahgnem nad tuberem aisenodnI

.asisret gnay nuptikides kadit ,0591 nuhat nalajreb nahatniremep naidumeK

maH natluS irS ,5591 nuhat adap iapmas ilabmek lamron XI onowuB ukgne

bmem kutnu iasrakarpmem :naujut nagned alug kirbap nugna

.1 nagnalihek gnay alug kirbap sakeb hurub arap gnupmanem kutnU

.naajrekep

.2 .taykar narumkamek nad naarethajesek habmaneM

.3 .haread nupuam tasup kiab ,hatniremep natapadnep habmaneM


66

G kirbaP ialum nad siraton etka nagned iridreb omsikudaM alu

nagned satabreT nagnaroesrep kutnebreb 5591 inuJ 41 laggnat adap nugnabid

alug kirbaP sakebid nugnabid ini kirbaP .uraB udaM aluG kirbaP aman

natamaceK ,olomrinotriT naharuleK ,nakodaP aseD ,nakodaP

hisaK .atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD isniporP ,lutnaB netapubaK,na

XI onowuB ukgnemaH natluS irS helo iasrakarpid ini kirbap nanugnabmeP

rumiT namreJ ira nasuahregnaS keirbaF enihcaM amatu rotkartnok nagned

keoS nediserP helo 8591 ieM 92 laggnat adap nakimserid nad kirbaP .onra

kirbaP nad )8591( aluG kirbaP kokop ahasu ikilimem uraB udaM aluG

gnaulep nad isnetop nagned )9591( omsikudaM sutirips /lohokla

kutnu natapmesek ikilimem hisam laisnetop gnay ahasu nagnabmegnep

irtsudni orga utaus idajnem gnabmekreb nad hubmut nad ubet sisabreb gnay

kid oni nad lanoiseforp araces alole nagned labolg nagniasrep ipadahgnem fitav

kaynab ayrak tadap naahsurep iagabeS .itajes artim iagabes inatep

.atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD isniporp irad ajrek aganet gnupmanem

a adap mahas nakilimepeK ikilimid raseb naigabes ini naahasureP iridreb law

IR hatniremep nad %57 utiay ,XI onowuB ukgnemaH natluS irS helo

idajnem habureb halet ini taas ,numaN .%52 )IR nahatniremeP nemetrepeD(

kilim %53 nad XI onowuB ukgnemaH natluS irS helo ikilimid %56

niremep haubeS ,aisenodnI aratnasuN ilawajaR TP adapek iasaukid( hat

nemejanam nahaburep nad naahasurep metsis igolonork tukireB .)NMUB

aggnihis iridnam gnay naahasurep idajnem :

5591 nuhaT - :2691 atsawS naahasureP


76

2691 nuhaT - :6691 ageN naahasureP nagned gnubagreb hawabid ar UPB -

mumU nanipmiP nadaB ( NPP - )arageN naahasureP

aynada anerak ycilop hila libagnem gnay IR hatniremeP

.aisenodnI id naahasureP aumes

:6691 nuhaT UPB - rabub NPP GP - hilimem helob aisenodnI id GP

nem raulek uata arageN naahasureP iagabes patet idaj

uraB udaM TP .)TP( atsawS naahasurep

.atsawS naahasurephilimem

6691 nuhaT - :4891 atsawS naahasureP idajnem ilabmek uraB udaM TP

natluS irS helo nipmipiD gnay iskeriD nanusus nagned

.rutkeriD nediserP iagabes XI onowuB ukgnemaH

4891 nuhaT - :4002 D kadai ilawajaR .TP nagned nemejanam kartnok na

)IRN( aisenodnI artnasuN kilim NMUB utas halas utiay

.IR nagnaueK nemetrapeD

4002 nuhaT - gnay iridnaM naahasurep idajnem uraB udaM TP : gnarakes

aces alolekid .tnednepedni nad lanoiseforp ar

.B naahasureP isakoL

hilimeP nem malad gnitnep tagnas isakol na nagnusgnalek nakutne

irad ahasu naharuleK id isakolreb omsikudaM GP .iridnes uti naahasurep

nagned YID isniporP ,lutnaB netapubaK ,nahisaK natamaceK ,olomrinotriT

nahal saul al aratna ini isakol nahilimep nasalA .ratkeh 82± :ni


86

.1 nagnubuhreP anaraS

aggnihes atrakaygoY atoK nagned taked hibel gnutihret nakodaP

.nawayrak nad isatropsart nasuru igab nakgnutnugnem

.2 ukab nahab naaideynep nagned takeD

tagnas ,nahawasrep haread nakapurem kirbap ratikes iD

tapet tagnas /nakgnutnugnem ubet namanat kutnu kiab nad

.kirbap isatropsnart ayaib nakenem tapad aggnihes

.3 ajrek aganet nagned takeD

kaynab tagnas uraB udaM .TP id ajrek aganet naka nahutubeK

aganet kiab ,lutnaB hayaliw irad libmaid kaynab ajrek aganet nad

ek aganet nupuam rasak ajrek kirbap ratikes kududneP .ilha ajr

.ubet mananem namalagnepreb halet aguj

.4 riA rebmuS

taked anerak nakgnutnugnem tagnas uraB udaM .TP isakoL

ihunemem pukuc gnadnapid gnay ognoniW iagnus nagned

utnabmem tagnas aggnihes pau naklisahgnem kutnu ria nahutubek

lad .idaj kudorp sesorp ma

.C isiV isiM nad

.1 isiV

id luggnu gnay irtsudnI orgA naahasureP idajnem uraB udaM TP

.itajes artim iagabes inatep nagned aisenodnI


96

.2 M isi

.a M ihunemem kutnu satilaukreb gnay lonahte nad alug nkalisahgne

nI irtudni nad takaraysam naatnimrep .aisenod

.b gnay ujam igolonket naktaafnamem nagned kudorp naklisahgneM

nakirebmem ,fitavoni nad lanoiseforp araces alolekid ,ngnukgnil hamar

nakamatugnem atres naggnalep adapek amirp gnay nanayalep

.inatep nagned naartimek

.c y urab sinsib /kudorp nakgnabmegneM .itni sinsib gnukudnem gna

.d naad nawayrak naktapmeneM redloh ekats naigab iagabes aynnial

nad naahasurep naluggnuek naatpicnep sesorp malad gnitnepret

naiapacnep eulav redloh erahs s.


07

.D sasinagrO rutkurtS i

sirasimoK

rabmaG 1 .VI uraB udaM .TP isasinagrO rukurtS

gnisam isgnuf nad sagut raseb sirag araceS - udaM GP malad id natabaj gnisam

: tukireb iagabes halada uraB

.1 reganaM lareneG

.a nakanaskalem kutnu nahurulesek araces naahasurep alolegneM

.mahas gnagemep mumu tapar nakajibek

.b .naahasurep naujut naksumureM

.c .naahasurep naujut iapacnemkutnu igetarts nakpateneM

naweD sirasimoK

ok

tahesaneP

mokeD .keS

rutkeriD

lareneGreganaM

alapeK IPS

fatS susuhk

DTS

alapeK naigaBnarasameP

alapeK naigaBisalatsnI

alapeK naigaBisakirbaP

alapeK naigaB

sutirips

alapeK naigaBnamanaT

alapeK naigab & tkA

.ueK

alapeK naigab & MDS

mumU


17

.d .naahasurep gnajnap akgnaj anacner nsusuyneM

.e nakajibek nakpateneM – namodep nad nakajibek - namodep

.nanuhat naraggna nanusuynep

.f ksumureM nakajibek na - ,nagnauek gnadib malad nakajibek

.mumu nad ,kinket,iskudorp,ailanosrep

.g tsinimda igab nakajibek nakpateneM malad rutar

id ada gnay iskes nad ,naigab,isivid aumes nakisanidrookgnem

.naahasurep

.2 nagnaueK nad isnatnukA naigaB alapeK

.a ek nakanaskaleM malad rutartsinimda nautnetek nad iskerid nakajib

atres mumu nad ,isnatnuka ,ailanosrep ,nagnauek ,naraggna gnadib

naujut iapacnem kutnu nagnauek nad isnatnuka isivid nipmimem

.naahasurep narasas nad

.b utartsinimda nautnetek nad iskerid nakajibek naknalajneM malad r

isnatnuka atad nahalognep ,ailanosrep ,nagnauek gnadib

nial nad ,naahasurep - .nial

.c .aynisivid naraggna anacner nsusuyneM

.d .aynivid malad nawayrak ajrek nilpisid nakkageneM

.3 ailanosreP alapeK

.a malad nagnauek nad isnatnuka isivid alapek utnabmeM

naskalem rutartsinimda mumu nautnetek nad iskerid nakajibek naka

kutnu ailanosrep naigab nipmimem atres ailanosrep gnadib malad

.naahasurep narasas naujut iapacnem


27

.b .nawayrak nolac gniturker nakanaskaleM

.c nautnetek nakanaskaleM - ahital ,nakididnepp ianegnem nautnetek n

.nawayrak nagnabmegnep nad

.d kah ,laisos nanimaj ,hapu ,ijag ianegnem nautnetek nakanaskaleM

.nawayrak ajrek natamalesek nad natahesek nanayalep nad ,ituc

.e sagut nakanaskaleM - .isivid alapek helo nakpatetid gnay nial sagut

.4 ripS nad aluG kirbaP naigaB alapeK suti

.a malad rutartsinimda nautnetek nad iskerid nakajibek nakanaskaleM

.sutirips nad alug iskudorp gnadib

.b nagnauek nad isnatnuka isivid alapek nagned amas ajrekeB

malad rutartsinimda nautnetek nad iskerid nakajibek nakanaskalem

nad utnabmep nahab naadagnep .kirbap nisem gnadac ukus

.c .kudorp utum nailadnegnep nad iskudorp isneisife naktakgnineM

.d .gnilig asam aynrihkareb nad ialumem taas nakpatenem utnabmeM

.5 namanaT naigaB alapeK

.a iskerid nakajibek nakanaskalem malad rutartsinimda utnabmeM

d namananep gnadib malad nakausamep ,ubet tibib naaideynep na

sinket nhuluynep ,)IRT( isakifisnetnI taykaR ubeT laera

ntaigek nad ,ubet natukgna nad ,gnabet anacner ,ubet namananep

ukab nahab iagabes ubet ylppus naaideynep tukgnaynem gnay nial

iskes nipmimem atres alug kirbap - kes is aynnaigab malad ada gnay

.nakpatetid halet gnay narasas nad naujut iapacnem kutnu


37

.b tibib ubet namananep tegrat naiapacnep naanaskalep utnabmeM

.gnilig ubet nad

.c ,namananep lawdaj ,ubet sinej isisopmok nakpatenem utnabmeM

.ubet tukgna nad ,gnabet

.d nakukaleM rednis naanibmep nad nasawagnep - malad noyar rednis

.ubet inatep nipmimem

.6 mumU naigaB alapeK

.a nautnetek nad iskerid nakajibek nakanaskalem malad isgnufreB

nanamaek nad naaradnek naanuggnep gnadib malad rutartsinimda

u naigab nipmimem atres naahasurep kisif iapacnem kutnu mum

.nakpatetid halet gnay narasas nad naujut

.b naaradnek naarahilemep irad naiakamep narutagnep utnabmeM

.naahasurep

.c .naahasurep kisif nanamaek agajnem nad nakatpicnem utnabmeM

.7 muirotarobaL naigaB alapeK

.a tala nad anaras arahilemeM - obal ntala .muirotar

.b .iskudorp lisah alug utum naijugnep nakanaskaleM

.c nautnetek nagned iauses inatep alug lisah naigab ratfad taubmeM

.ukalreb gnay

.8 iskeS naigaB alapeK

.a gnisam naigab alapek utnabmem isgnufreB - malad gnisam

em atres amatU iskerid nakajibek nakanaskalem ayniskes nipmim

.naahasurep narasas nad naujut iapacnem malad


47

.b .naigab alapek adapek bawaj gnuggnatreB

.c .ayniskes ajrek naracnalek sata bawaj gnuggnatreB

.d nagnacnar nsusuynem malad naigab alapek utnabmem sagutreB

.aynaigab naraggna

.e od inagnatadnanem gnanewreB nagned iauses naropal nad nemuk

.ukalreb gnay satiroyo metsis

.E aisunaM ayaD rebmuS

.1 : irad iridret nawayrak nagnologgneP

.a : patet nawayraK

)1 nanipmiP nawayraK

)2 anaskalep nawayraK

.b : patet kadiT nawayraK

)1 adap ajrekeb aynah ( TWKK / utnetreT utkaW ajreK nawayraK

am )iskudorp as

)2 )gnorob naajrekep ada alib ajrekeb aynah ( gnoroB nawayraK

.2 nawayraK halmuJ

: idajnem nakadebid uraB udaM GP ajrek aganeT

.a gnay nawayrak utiay ,patet nawayrak uata anaskalep nawayraK

gnay utnetret kadit utkaw nagned naahasurep helo nakajrekepid

K .nalub 3 naabocrep asam nagned iuluhadid a araces ijagid nawayr

.nanalub

.b gnay nawayrak utiay ,kirbap raul TWKK ota namisum nawayraK

iskudorp sesorp nagned nagnubuhreb kadit ipatet naahasurepid ajrekeb


57

nad ,lekgnebmaptas ,naaradnek tenrek nad ripos itrepes nial - .nial

araces ijagid nad gnilig asam ilak utas halada ajrek utkaw akgnaJ

.nanalub

.c paites ajrekeb gnay nawayrak utiay ,)sapelnairah ( nagnorob nawayraK

akubmam sagutreb nagnorob nawayraK .nairah araces ijagid nad irah

bmep ,kupumem ,ubet mananem ,hanat ,ubet gnabenem ,sopmok natau

nial nad ,kirbap nanugnab ,kirbap natalarep naarahilemep - .nial

.lebaT .IV 1

3102,uraB udaM .TP rebmuS

.I NANIPMIP NAWAYRAK HALMUJ ATOT L

.a rutkeriD gnaro 1

.b MG gnaro 0

.c IPS gnaro 3

.d mumU nad MDS fatS nawayraK gnaro 3

.e .ueK naD .tkA fatS nawayraK ro 11 gna .f narasameP fatS nawayraK gnaro 3 .g namanaT fatS nawayraK gnaro 71 .h nad gnabeT fatS nawayraK

natukgnA gnaro 0

.i isalatsnI fatS nawayraK gnaro 6

.j isakirbaP fatS nawayraK gnaro 7 .k sutiripS .P fatS nawayraK gnaro 4 .II RIARONOH NAWAYRAK

: NANIPMIP

.a aP mak gnaro 0 NANIPMIP NAWAYRAK HALMUJ gnaro 55


67

2 .VI lebaT : ANASKALEPNAWAYRAK.III

HALMUJ LATOT

.1 IPS NAIGAB .a IPS gnaro 1

.2 MUMU & MDS NAIGAB .a ailanosreP naigaB gnaro 4 .b naijaggneP .eiS gnaro 5 .c nakididneP nahitaL nad gnaro 0 .d sidiruY gnaro 0 .e kinilkilop eiS gnaro 4 .f tairaterkeS /mumU .eiS gnaro11 .g TR /atasiW orgA .eiS gnaro 1 .h nanamaeK .eiS gnaro91

HALMUJ gnarO 54

3102,uraB udaM .TP rebmuS

3.VI lebaT

.3 UEK & TKA NAIGAB . HALMUJ LATOT

.a isnatnukA .eiS gnaro 1

.b KPA /naraggnA .eiS gnaro 3

.c ayaiB isnatnukA .eiS gnaro 4

.d taykaR ubeT .mdA .eiS gnaro 1

.e gnissesorP atad yrtnE .eiS gnaro 2 .f ubeT gnabmiT .eiS gnaro 2 .g arahadneB .eiS gnaro 2 .h nailebmeP .eiS gnaro 3 .i tasuP gnaduG .eiS gnaro 9 .j aduG .eiS aluG .dG/iaseleS lisaH gn gnaro 3 .k lohoklA gnaduG eiS gnaro 3 .l LBKP eiS gnaro 1

HALMUJ gnaro 43

uraB udaM .TP : rebmuS , 3102


77

4 .VI lebaT .4 NARASAMEP NAIGAB HALMUJ LATOT

.a narasameP .eiS gnaro 2

.b selaS gnaro 0

.c isartsinimdA .eiS gnaro 0 ALMUJ H gnaro 2

uraB udaM .TP : rebmuS , 3102

5 .VI lebaT .5 NAMANAT NAIGAB HALMUJ LATOT

.a lutnaB noyaR gnaro 81

.b namelS noyaR gnaro 31

.c gnalegaM noyaR 7 gnaro

.d ogorP noluK noyaR gnaro 01

.e ojerowruP noyaR 6 gnaro .f isartsinimdA 8 gnaro .g naraS aniB .eiS inaT a gnaro 61 .h DLT .eiS 1 gnaro

HALMUJ gnaro 97 uraB udaM .TP : rebmuS , 3102

6. VI lebaT .6 NATUKGNA & GNABET NAIGAB HALMUJ LATOT

.a naabliaR gnaro 3

.b nagnabeT gnaro 21 HALMUJ gnaro 51 3102 ,uraB udaM .TP : rebmuS

7 .VI lebaT .7 ISALATSNI NAIGAB HALMUJ LATOT

.a naleteK .tS gnaro 32

.b nagniliG .tS gnaro 22

.c ariN hisrebmep .tS gnaro 4

.d napaugneP .tS gnaro 5

.e nalanogoJ riA apmoP .tS gnaro 3 .f nubeK riA apmoP.tS gnaro 4 .g nakasaM .tS gnaro 8 .h nignidneP .tS gnaro 4 .i naretuP .tS gnaro 5 .j irtsiL .tS k gnaro 31 .k nemurtsnI .tS gnaro 3


87

.l enibruT .tS gnaro 3 .m LKS leseiD.tS gnaro 1

.n nanugnaB .tS gnaro 8

.o lekgneB /ilaseB .tS gnaro 7

.p isalatsnI UT gnaro 1

.q rabmaG uruJ gnaro 0 .r nayaleP gnaro 0 .s isimeR gnaro 7 .t naaradneK gnaro 32 .u rotkarT gnaro 8

J HALMU 251gnaro

3102 ,uraB udaM .TP :rebmuS

8 .VI lebaT .8 GP ISAKIRBAP NAIGAB HALMUJ LATOT

.a muirotarobaL gnaro 5

.b nahalogneP gnaro 2 LLP gnaro 1

HALMUJ gnaro 8 3102,uraB udaM .TP : rebmuS

9.VI lebaT .9 SUTRIPS ISAKIRBAP HALMUJ LATOT .a isakirbaP .eiS SP gnaro 11 .b isalatsnI .eiS gnaro 51 .c SP isartsinimdA gnaro 1

HALMUJ gnaro 72 3102,uraB udaM .TP : rebmuS

.3 ajrek maJ

UU nagned iauses naahasurep nakpatetid halet gnay ajrek maJ

nakrasadreb atres hatniremep helo nakpatetid halet gnay naiawagepeK

reP metsis ,patet kadit iawagep kutnU .naahasureP kokoP naruta

:tukireb iagabes ,tfihs 3 irad iridret aynajrek


97

.a pateT nawayraK

nineS – utbaS : 03.60 – 00.51

03.11 : taharitsI – 03.21

.b pateT kadit nawayraK

: igap tfihS 00.60 – 00.41

gnais tfihS : 00.41 – 00.22

: malam tfihS 00.22 – 00.60

.4 laisoS nanimaJ

.a nawayrak aumes kutnu KETSOSMAJ margorP .

.b )anaskalep nad nanipmip ( patet nawayrak kutnu nuisnep kaH .

.c ) auT iraH naarethajeseK isnarusA nagnubaT ( taksat margorP

.eynapmak nawayrak kutnu

.d repoK .uraB udaM .TP nuisnep nad nawayraK isa

.e .pateT nawayraK kutnu saniD nahamureP

.f nad nawayraK aumes kutnu naahasureP BK kinilk nad kinilkiloP

.agrauleK

.g kanaK nsmaT – .mumU nad nawayraK kutnu naahasureP kanaK

.h mU nad nawayraK kutnu nainesek nad agarhalO anaraS .mu

.i .namisuM nad eynapmaK ,pateT nawayraK kutnu saniD naiakaP

.j natabogneP ayaiB

.k .agrauleK nad nawayraK isaerkeR


08

.F iskudorP

.1 uraB udaM GP iskudorP

daeH repuS ( SHS satilauk risap alug halada uraB udaM GP amatu kudorP

.) hituP latsirK aluG ( PKG uata )raguS iskudorpmem aguj uti nialeS

.)%49( radak rakab sutrips nad )%59 ( inrum lohokla

.2 amatU ukaB nahaB

satilauk ikilimem gnay ubet halada alug nataubmep amatu ukab nahaB

ubeT .luggnu ubet sinej uata - alibapa kiab paggnaid tubesret ubet

halet gnay tarays ihunemem takgnit uata rumu ,taz radak itrees nakutnetid

.nainrumek nad ,)namedner ( alug radak takgnit ,nagnatamek

.3 gnoloneP nahaB

ria ,gnareleb ,gnipmag utab halada nakanugid gnay gnolonep nahaB

halet gnay nagnidnabrep nagned tapsohp masa nad ,nalukolf ,isibibmi

d .satilaukreb gnay alug naklisahgnem tapad aggnihes nakutneti

.4 iskudorP sesorP

nial gnay gnolonep nahab nad ubet ,iskudorp sesorp nakukalem mulebeS

iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb inI .muirotarobal id uluhad hibelret ijuid

pacnem tapad raga mumiskam alug manadner iggnites alug iskudorp ia -

pahat nupadA .ayniggnit - : uraB udaM alug nataubmep sesorp pahat

.a ubeT nagnabmineP sesorP

,gnilig satisapak gnutihgnem kutnu nakukalid ubet nagnabmineP

naidumek ,gnabmitid haleteS .ayniagabes nial nad ,gnabmit sokgno


18

jem ek awabid gnotopid kutnu ubet a - apnat nahipres idajnem gnotop

.naharemep idajret

.b ( ariN naharemeP sesorP noitcartxE )

nuisats ek mirikid gnabetid halet gnay ubet ,ini naigab adaP

gnay nariac nad sapma naigab uti haleteS .gniligid kutnu nagniliggnep

( alug gnudnagnem %03 rasebes sapmA .nakhasipid ) hatnem arin

,letek nuisats rakab nahab kutnu nakanugid ubet irad helorepid gnay

haloid kutnu nainrumep naigab ek mirikid hatnem arin nakgnades

.tujnal hibel

.c ariN nainrumeP

naigab nakgnalihgnem kutnu naujutreb arin nainrumeP - nakub naigab

.arin malad gnayalem nad ,gnupagnem ,padnegnem gnay alug

ariN .) nahinrejnep ( isatiflus metsis nagned nakukalid arin nainrumeP

,rupak ria nagned nakiskaerid ,naksanapid ,gnabmitid hatnem

OS sag habmatid naidumek 2 abmek naksanapid ,)gnareleb( ilabmek il

ariN .rotok arin nad hanrej arin naklisahgnem raga nakpadneid ulal

hinrej ariN .kinagro kupup iagabes nakanugid tapad )gnotoib( rotok

.napaugnep nuisats ek mirikid helorepid gnay

.d ariN napaugneP

s nakpaugnem kutnu utiay arin napaugnep irad naujuT gnay ria halmuje

hinrej ariN .latnek arin idajnem ayapus recne arin malad id gnudnakret

metsis nagned nakpauid nad naksanapid tceffe elpitlum tapad raga

%61 turalret natadap nagned recne ialiN .naitnagreb araces nakhisrebid


28

besid nad %26 idajnem kian tapad pais ini latnek ariN .latnek arin tu

gnay latnek ariN .nakasam uata isasilatsirk nuisats id nakisasilatsirkid

OS sag irebid ini paleg anrawreb 2 iagabes gnicaelb nad )natacumep(

.naklatsirkid pais

.e isasilatsirK

auid naidumek napaugnep nuisats irad latnek ariN malad id igal nakp

.alug latsirk lubmit aggnihes hunej tawel iapmas isasilatsirk nap

nakukalid akam ,iggnit sanap anek tabika kasur kadit asorkas ayapuS

nasanamep rifsomta hawab id nanaket nagned pau nakanuggnem

aynhidid uhus aggnihes ,gHmc 56 mukav nagned aynlisaH .%56 aynah

id nakhasipid mulebeS .natural nad alug latsirk narupmac apureb

.naknignidid uluhad hibelret alug naretup

.f ( aluG naretuP lagufirtneC )

aynnatural nagned alug nakhasimem halada ini tala irad isgnuF

ayag nagned )poorts( lagufirtnec jrekeb , nad iggnit natapecek nagned a

ragA .aynnariac nad alug nahasimep nakhadumem kutnu sitamoto

hibel aynalug nakgnades ilak 2 rtupid ini nakasam akam takep etartlif (

tubesid igal naklatsirkid asib kadit hadus gnay rihkaret ) natural asis

( setet esallom lanif )s ukab nahab igabes naktaafnamid gnay ,

.sutirips uata lohokla nataubmep

.g aluG gnaduG nad naiaseleyneP sesorP

nad hasab naadaek malad hisam naratup irad nakraulekid gnay aluG

.samekid mulebes uluhad hibelret nakgnirekid surah aggnihes tekgnel


38

iregnep sesorP maladid anamid gniregnep tala nagned nakukalid nagn

gnay gnirek alug tapadid gnnihes sanap gnirek aradu irilaid ini tala

naretup irad SHS alug ,alug gniregnep tala nagneD .tekgnel kadit

naidumeK .lamron alug nad ,rasak alug ,sulah alug aratna nakhasipid

ug kitsalp gnurak malad samekid nad alug gnadug ek mirikid lamron al

.otten gk 05 satisapak nagned

atar lisaH - 000.004 ubet ukab nahab nagned alug kirbap kutnu nuhat rep atar -

rep not 000.53 hibel gnaruk naklisahid gnay SHS alug lisah nad not 000.005

s .nuhat udaM GP irad setet ukab nahab nagned sutirips kirbap kutnu nakgnade

nakalisahid gnay lohokla lisah nad nuhat rep not 000.52 hibel gnaruk uraB

5,7 - 5 ratikes iskudorp asam .nuhat rep retil atuj 8 - suret nuhat rep nalub 6

ieM naluB aratna nakukalid surenem - O ,tubesret nalub nialeS .rebotk

,nakiabrep ,isiver ,sivres itrepes kirbap nisem arahilemem kutnu nakanugid

nial nad naitnaggnep - nial .

.G narasameP

ilebid uraB udaM GP alug iskudorp lisah aumes ,7991 nuhat mulebeS

itsigoL nasurU nadaB iulalem hatniremeP helo agrah nagned ,)GOLUB( k

alug isubirtsid naidumeK .hatniremep helo nakutnetid gnay 8991 nuhat kajes

,sabeb laujid .omsikudaM GP hel iridnes laujid omsikudaM kilim alug

000.051 satisapak nagned A alug gnadug utiay alug gnadug haub 2 tapadreT

ug gnadug nad uk lohokla kutnU .uk 000.05 satisapak nagned B al

lasareb gnay rotubirtsid iulalem naahasurep helo iridnes rutaid aynnarasamep


48

satisapaK .atrakaygoY nad ,ayabaruS ,oloS ,gnarameS ,lageT ,atrakaJ irad

iridret retil 063.366.2 sutirirps nad lohokla gnadug kutnu .ikgnat 52 irad

.H margorP K naartime nagnukgniL aniB nad

apureb ,isarpoK nad liceK irtsudnI aparebeb anibmem aguj naahasureP

nial nad ajrek ladom namajnip nautnab - hatniremep helo naksiragid gnay nial

s takaraysam nad laisos isidnok natakgninep margorp atres .naahasurep ratike

aratna hatniremep margorp padahret isapisitrapreb naahasurep aguj uti nialeS

:nial

.1 kutnu anaras iagabes ’’atasiW orgA“ margorp nakadagneM

atres ,lohokla nad alug nataubmep igolonket naktakaraysamem

.atasiwirap nakkalaggnem

.2 sek nakirebmeM awsisaham nupuam awsis arap adapek natapme

.akerem nsaupmamek satabes ,ketkarp ajrek nakanaskalem gnay


58

V BAB

ATAD SISILANA

.A ataD nadilaveK ijU

nagnutihrep margorp nakanugid ini naitilenep malaD )SSPS( retupmoc

amales helorepid gnay atad satilibailer nad satidilav iju nakukalem kutnu

kaynabes nakhutubid gnay .naitilenep 59 kayal naidumek gnay nednopser

kutnu .tujnal hibel sisilanaid tapad ayntujnales gnay aynatad nadilavek rukuid

.1 satidilaV

nagned halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay satidilav ijU

.nosraep tnemom tcudorp isalerok kinket nakanuggnem

aynhadner iggnit rukugnem kutnu nakanugid satidilav ijU satidilav

kadit nad lupmukret gnay atad anam huajes nakkujnunem gnay tnemurtsni

.duskamid gnay lebairav gnatnet rabmag irad gnapmiynem

isalerok natakednep nagned nakukalid satidilav ijU tcudorp

tnemom gnisam ratna - lebairav utaus rukugnem gnay meti gnisam nagned

%5 = α nakanuggnem ini naitilenep malaD .tubesret lebairav latot roks

halada dilav paggnaid kutnu nemurtsni utaus muminim tarays aggnihes

isaleroK sumuR .50,0 irad licek hibel gnutih r irad isakifingis takgnit akij

81:9991 ,onoyiguS( tnemoM tcudorP : utiay )2

r yx =))(())((

)()(2222 yynxxn

yxyxn


68

: anamiD

r yx tnemoM tcudorP isaleroK =

lepmas halmuJ = n

Σ ritub roks halmuJ = x

Σ latot roks halmuJ = y

Σ latot roks nagned ritub roks nailakrep halmuJ = yx

Σx 2 ritub roks tardauk halmuJ =

Σy 2 latot roks tardauk halmuJ =

gnisam irad isalerok ialin kitsitats araceS - tubirta uata ritub gnisam

.)50,0( %5 isakifingis ialin adap aynsitirk ialin nagned nakgnidnabid surah

alibmagneP < isalerok neisifeok akij ,ini naitilenep malad nalupmisek n

neisifeok akij ,aynkilabes aguj utigeB .dilav nakatakid atad akam 50,0

dilav kadit nakatakid atad akam 50,0 > isalerok . nakanugid gnay airetirK

r( isalerok neisifeok ialin alib halada gnutih nreb ) raseb hibel nad fitisop iali

r irad lebat = N nagneD .dilav nakataynid meti itrareb , 59 nad iju( 50,0 =

r ialin halorepid )isis utas lebat .702,0 rasebes satidilav naijugnep lisaH

lebat adap nakijas d nemurtsni


78

V lebaT 1.

satidilav set namukgnaR rgorP )ajrek natamalesek nad natahesek( 3K ma nawayrak URAB UDAM .TP

lebairaV rotakidnI rituB r lebat r sutatS

3K margorP natahesek(

nad natamalesek

)X( ajrek

natamalesek nahitaleP 1 0 458. ** 102,0 dilaV 2 0 418. ** 102,0 dilaV 3 0 438. ** 102,0 dilaV 4 0 068. ** 102,0 dilaV 5 0 508. ** 102,0 dilaV

ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 1 0 977. ** 102,0 dilaV 2 .0 218 ** 102,0 dilaV 3 0 376. ** 102,0 dilaV 4 0 057. ** 102,0 dilaV 5 0 817. ** 102,0 dilaV

ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 1 0 965. ** 102,0 dilaV 2 0 367. ** 102,0 dilaV 3 0 667. ** 102,0 dilaV 4 0 877. ** 102,0 dilaV 5 0 447. ** 102,0 dilaV 6 0 987. ** 102,0 dilaV

nilpisid nad nasawagneP 1 0 914. ** 102,0 dilaV 2 0 207. ** 102,0 dilaV 3 0 996. ** 102,0 dilaV 4 0 708. ** 102,0 dilaV 5 0. 857 ** 102,0 dilaV

3K naradasek natakgnineP 1 0 697. ** 102,0 dilaV 2 0 448. ** 102,0 dilaV 3 0 318. ** 102,0 dilaV 4 0 128. ** 102,0 dilaV

remirP ataD: rebmuS 3102 noitaleroc naripmal


88

V LEBAT 2.

ajreniK satidilav set namukgnaR P nawayrak URAB UDAM .T atrakaygoY ,

lebairaV rotakidnI rituB r r elbat sutatS

)Y( ajreniK

naajrekep halmuJ 1 0 676. ** 102,0 dilaV naajrekep satilauK 2 0 957. ** 102,0 dilaV

sagut naka nauhategneP 3 0 927. ** 102,0 dilaV amas ajreK 4 0 37. 0 ** 102,0 dilaV

bawaj gnuggnaT 5 0 786. ** 102,0 dilaV ajrek pakiS 6 0 216. ** 102,0 dilaV

fitaisinI 7 0 086. ** 102,0 dilaV sinket nalipmareteK 8 0 997. ** 102,0 dilaV

libmagnem naupmameK uata nasutupek

halasam nakiaseleynem

9 0 518. ** 102,0 dilaV

K nanipmimepe 01 0 646. ** 102,0 dilaV isartsinimdA 11 0 615. ** 102,0 dilaV

sativitaerK 21 0 566. ** 102,0 dilaV remirP ataD : rebmuS 3102 noitaleroc naripal

nakrasadreB V lebaT 2.1 nad 1. satidilav iju lisah nakrasadreB

kujnunem , lebaT adap nemurtsni ikilimem meti aumes awhab nak

r( isalerok neisifeok gnutih r irad raseb hibel nad fitisop ialinreb ) lebat 02,0 = 1

.dilav itrareb gnay

.2 satilibaileR

ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay satilibailer ijU kinket halada

hcabnorC sisilana pad renoiseuk utauS .ahplA alibapa lebailer nakatakid ta

ahpla iaynupmem adap nakijasid satilibailer iju lisah .6,0 ≥ V lebaT 3.


98

V LEBAT 3.

satilibailer iju lisah namukgnaR

lebairaV ahplA sutatS natamalesek nahitaleP X( 1) 0 988. lebaileR

ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP X( 2) 0 108. R lebaile ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK X( 3) 0 338. lebaileR

nilpisid nad nasawagneP X( 4) 0 217. lebaileR 3K naradasek natakgnineP X( 5) 0 438. lebaileR

ajreniK )Y( 0 498. lebaileR remirP ataD rebmuS 3102 ytilibilaer naripmal

iraD V lebaT ilid tapad 3. naaynatrep ritub hurules awhab tah

ahpla ialin iaynupmem ruku tala awhab naklupmisid tapad aggnihes ,6,0 ≥

.)782 : 2991 ,narakeS( lebailer nakataynid tubesret

.B naitileneP lebairaV ispirkseD

atar ialin ,naitilenep lebairav nakispirksednem malaD - gnisam atar - gnisam

gnisam adap nednopser - malad )isasirogetak( nakkopmolekid lebairav gnisam

.III baB adap naksalejid halet gnay amron nakrasadreb ,salek 5

kutnu utiay ini naitilenep malad fitpirksed sisilana irad naujuT

itnedi nagned nagnubuhreb gnay atad sisilanagnem gnay nednopser sat

ek sinej itupilem nakididneP takgniT ,aisu ,nimal

.1 nimaleK sineJ

V LEBAT 4.

nimaleK sineJ rasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK

oN nimaleK sineJ nednopseR halmuJ akgnA malaD

nednopseR halmuJ esatnesreP

1 ikaL - ikal 86 6.17 % 2 upmereP na 72 4.82 %

halmuJ 59 %001 3102 remirP ataD : rebmuS nednopser kitsiretkarak atad naripmal


09

rasadreB V lebaT 4. gnay nednopser 59 irad awhab iuhatekid tapad sataid

6 tapadret lepmas nakidajid 8 7 uata gnaro 6.1 ikal nednopser % - 2 nad ikal 7

gnaro 2 uata 4.8 .nednopser latot irad naupmerep nednopser %

.2 nawayraK aisU

V LEBAT 5.

nawayraK aisU nakrasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK

oN aisU nednopseR halmuJ akgnA malaD

nednopseR halmuJ esatnesreP

1 ht 71 - ht22 51 8.51 % 2 ht32 - 82 ht 81 9.81 % 3 ht92 - 33 ht 91 0.02 % 4 ht 43 sataiD 34 3.54 % halmuJ 59 %001

3102 remirP ataD : rebmuS nednopser kitsiretkarak atad naripmal

nakrasadreB V lebaT 5. halmuj irad awhab iuhatekid tapad sata id

aratna aisu nakrasadreb nednopser ht 71 - 22 kaynabes ht 51 aro uata gn

8.51 aratna aisu, % ht32 - 82 ht kaynabes 81 uata gnaro 2 9.81 ,% ht92 - 33

ht kaynabes 91 uata 0.02 d aratna aisu nad % ht 43 satai kaynabes 43 gnaro

uata .54 3 .nednopser latot irad %

.3 nakididneP takgniT

V LEBAT 6.

niT nakrasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK nakididneP takg

oN naajrekeP nednopseR halmuJ akgnA malaD

halmuJ esatnesreP

1 DS tamaT 2 1.2 % 2 PTLS tamaT 21 6.21 % 3 ATLS tamaT 47 9.77 % 4 kimedakA uata iggniT naurugreP tamaT 7 4.7 % halmuJ 59 %001


19

3102 remirP ataD : rebmuS atad naripmal nednopser kitsiretkarak

nakrasadreB V lebaT 6. nednopser kopmolek awhab iuhatekid tapad sata id

.2 uata gnaro 2 kaynabes DS tamat gnay 1 uata gnaro 21 PTLS tamat ,%

1 6.2 kaynabes ATLS tamat ,% 47 7 uata 9.7 iggnit naurugrep tamat nad ,%

.7 uata gnaro 7 kaynabes 4 .lepmas halmuj nahurulesek irad nednopser ,%

.C naitileneP lisaH

.1 X( natamalesek nahitaleP 1)

lebairaV X( natamalesek nahitaleP 1) nagned rukuid 5 .naataynrep meti

ek haleteS 5 atarid ini meti - lebairav ispirksed akam isakifisalkid nad atar

atamalesek nahitaleP X( n 1) adap nakijasid V lebaT 7.

V lebaT 7.

lebairaV ispirkseD X( natamalesek nahitaleP 1 )

lavretnI irogetaK isneukerF )%(esatnesreP

00,1 – 97,1 tagnaShadner

2 1.2

08,1 – 95,2 hadneR 5 3.5 06,2 – 93,3 lamroN 2 1.2 04,3 – 91,4 iggniT 13 6.23 02,4 – 0,5 0 iggnit tagnaS 55 9.75

halmuJ 001 0,001 ataR - = atar 8511.4

:rebmuS 3102 halo id remirp atad nednopser atad naripmal

nakrasadreB V lebaT 7. irad awhab tahilid tapad , 59 gnay nednopser

meti padahret napaggnat irebmem - lebairav naataynrep meti nahitaleP

ek X( natamales 1) nakumetid , 2 ( nednopser .2 1 ikilimem gnay )% nahitaleP

X( natamalesek 1) “ gnologret hadner tagnas ,” 5 ( gnaro .5 3 )% gnologret


29

2 ,”hadneR“ ( gnaro .2 1 “ gnologret )% lamroN ,” 3 1 ro 3( gna 6.2 )%

5 nad ,”iggniT“ gnologret 5 5( gnaro 9.7 gnaS“ gnologret )% ”iggniT ta .

atar ialiN - rasebes helorepid atar .4 8511 gnatner malad adareb ini ialiN .

04,3 – 91,4 “ itrareb gnay iggnit awhab nakkujnunem inI .” nahitaleP

X( natamalesek 1) adap naahasurep uraB udaM .tP atrakaygoY , gnologret

iggniT nakkujnunem naikimed nagneD . awhab X( natamalesek nahitaleP 1)

adap awhab ispesrep iaynupmem naahasurep TP uraB udaM . atrakaygoY ,

iaynupmem X( natamalesek nahitaleP 1) nagned iauses gnay naanaskalep

.3K margorp

.2 X( ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 2)

lebairaV P X( ajrek natamalesek isakilbu 2) nagned rukuid 5 meti

ek haleteS .naataynrep 5 atarid ini meti - akam isakifisalkid nad atar

lebairav ispirksed P X( ajrek natamalesek isakilbu 2) adap nakijasid lebaT

V 8.

V lebaT 8. lebairaV ispirkseD X( ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 2)

lavretnI irogetaK sneukerF i )%(esatnesreP

00,1 – 97,1 tagnaShadner

0 0

08,1 – 95,2

hadneR 1 1.1

06,2 – 93,3 lamroN 5 3.5 04,3 – 91,4 iggniT 13 6.23 02,4 – 00,5 iggnit tagnaS 85 1.16

halmuJ 59 0,001 ataR - = atar 1242.4

:rebmuS 3102 halo id remirp atad nopser atad naripmal ned nakrasadreB V lebaT 8. irad awhab tahilid tapad , 59 gnay nednopser

meti padahret napaggnat irebmem - lebairav naataynrep meti isakilbuP


39

X( ajrek natamalesek 2) gnay )%0( nednopser ada kadit nakumetid ,

ikilimem X( ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 2) “ gnologret as hadner tagn ,” 1

( gnaro 1.1 )% 5 ,”hadneR“ gnologret ( gnaro .5 3 “ gnologret )% lamroN ,” 13

ro .23( gna 6 5 nad ,”iggniT“ gnologret )% 8 gnologret )%1.16( gnaro

”iggniT tagnaS“ atar ialiN . - rasebes helorepid atar 242.4 1 adareb ini ialiN .

gnatner malad 02,4 – 00,5 ay “ itrareb gn iggnit tagnas nakkujnunem inI .”

awhab X( ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 2), adap naahasurep TP uraB udaM . ,

atrakaygoY gnologret tagnaS iggniT nakkujnunem naikimed nagneD .

awhab X( ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 2), adap awhab ispesrep iaynupmem

hasurep naa TP uraB udaM . atrakaygoY , iaynupmem isakilbuP

X( ajrek natamalesek 2), iggnit nagned iauses gnay .3K margorP

.3 X( ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 3)

lebairaV ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK X( 3 ) nagned rukuid 6 .naataynrep meti

ek haleteS 6 atarid ini meti - alkid nad atar lebairav ispirksed akam isakifis

ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK X( 3 ) adap nakijasid V lebaT 9.

V lebaT 9. ispirkseD X( ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 3)

lavretnI irogetaK isneukerF )%(esatnesreP 00,1 – 97,1 hadner tagnaS 1 1.1

08,1 – 95,2

hadneR 4 2.4

06,2 – 93,3 roN lam 91 0.02 04,3 – 91,4 iggniT 84 5.05 02,4 – 00,5 iggnit tagnaS 32 2.42

halmuJ 59 0,001 ataR - = atar 2367.3



49


t napaggnat irebmem meti padahre - lebairav naataynrep meti lortnoK

ajrek nagnukgnil X( 3) nakumetid , 1 ( nednopser 1.1 ikilimem gnay )%

ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK X( 3) “ gnologret hadner tagnas ,” 4 ( gnaro 2.4 )%

91 ,”hadneR“ gnologret ( gnaro 2 0.0 “ gnologret )% lamroN ,” 48 ro gna

( %5.05 32 nad ,”iggniT“ gnologret ) 2( gnaro 2.4 tagnaS“ gnologret )%

”iggniT atar ialiN . - rasebes helorepid atar 7.3 236 malad adareb ini ialiN .

gnatner 04,3 – 91,4 “ itrareb gnay iggnit awhab nakkujnunem inI .” lortnoK

ajrek nagnukgnil X( 3 ) adap naahasurep B udaM .tP ura atrakaygoY ,

gnologret iggniT awhab nakkujnunem naikimed nagneD . lortnoK

ajrek nagnukgnil X( 3 ) adap awhab ispesrep iaynupmem naahasurep TP .

uraB udaM atrakaygoY , iaynupmem ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK X( 3 iggnit )

nagned iauses gnay .3K margorp

.4 ad nasawagneP X( nilpisid n 4)

lebairaV X( nilpisid nad nasawagneP 4) nagned rukuid 5 .naataynrep meti

ek haleteS 5 atarid ini meti - lebairav ispirksed akam isakifisalkid nad atar

X( nilpisid nad nasawagneP 4) adap nakijasid V lebaT 01.

V lebaT 01.

ispirkseD id nad nasawagneP X( nilpis 4)

lavretnI irogetaK isneukerF )%(esatnesreP 00,1 – 97,1 hadner tagnaS 0 0 08,1 – 95,2 hadneR 1 1.1 06,2 – 93,3 lamroN 9 5.9 04,3 – 91,4 iggniT 83 0.04 02,4 – 00,5 iggnit tagnaS 74 5.94

halmuJ 59 0,001 ataR - = atar 9730.4

:rebmuS mirp atad 3102 halo id re nednopser atad naripmal


59


meti padahret napaggnat irebmem - lebairav naataynrep meti nasawagneP

X( nilpisid nad 4) ikilimem gnay )%0( nednopser ada kadit nakumetid ,

ad nasawagneP X( nilpisid n 4) “ gnologret hadner tagnas ,” 1 ( gnaro 1.1 )%

,”hadneR“ gnologret 9 ( gnaro 5.9 “ gnologret )% lamroN ,” 38 ro gna

4 nad ,”iggniT“ gnologret )%0.04( 7 ( gnaro 5.94 tagnaS“ gnologret )%

”iggniT atar ialiN . - rasebes helorepid atar 0.4 73 9 adareb ini ialiN . malad

gnatner 04,3 – 91,4 “ itrareb gnay iggnit awhab nakkujnunem inI .”

X( nilpisid nad nasawagneP 4) adap naahasurep uraB udaM .tP atrakaygoY ,

gnologret iggniT awhab nakkujnunem naikimed nagneD . nad nasawagneP

X( nilpisid 4) adap awhab ispesrep iaynupmem ep naahasur TP uraB udaM . ,

atrakaygoY iaynupmem X( nilpisid nad nasawagneP 4) iggnit iauses gnay

nagned .3K margorp

.5 X( 3K naradasek natakgnineP 5)

lebairaV 3K naradasek natakgnineP X( 5) nagned rukuid 4 .naataynrep meti

ek haleteS 4 atarid ini meti - lkid nad atar lebairav ispirksed akam isakifisa

3K naradasek natakgnineP X( 5 ) adap nakijasid V lebaT 6.

V lebaT 11. ispirkseD X( 3K naradasek natakgnineP 5)

lavretnI irogetaK isneukerF )%(esatnesreP 00,1 – 97,1 hadner tagnaS 0 0 08,1 – 95,2 hadneR 8 4.8 06,2 – 93,3 roN lam 4 2.4 04,3 – 91,4 iggniT 74 5.94 02,4 – 00,5 iggnit tagnaS 63 9.73

halmuJ 59 0,001 ataR - = atar 4869.3



69


ret napaggnat irebmem meti padah - lebairav naataynrep meti natakgnineP

3K naradasek X( 5) ikilimem gnay )%0( nednopser ada kadit nakumetid ,

3K naradasek natakgnineP X( 5) “ gnologret hadner tagnas ,” 8 ( gnaro 4.8 )%

4 ,”hadneR“ gnologret ( gnaro .4 2 “ gnologret )% lamroN ,” 47 ro gna

( .94 5 3 nad ,”iggniT“ gnologret )% 6 .73( gnaro 9 tagnaS“ gnologret )%

”iggniT atar ialiN . - rasebes helorepid atar 69.3 84 malad adareb ini ialiN .

gnatner 04,3 – 91,4 “ itrareb gnay iggnit awhab nakkujnunem inI .”

3K naradasek natakgnineP X( 5) adap naahasurep udaM .tP uraB ,

atrakaygoY gnologret iggniT awhab nakkujnunem naikimed nagneD .

3K naradasek natakgnineP X( 5) adap awhab ispesrep iaynupmem

naahasurep TP uraB udaM . atrakaygoY , iaynupmem natakgnineP

3K naradasek X( 5) iggnit nagned iauses gnay .3K margorp

.6 ajreniK

raV lebai ajreniK nagned rukuid 21 ek haleteS .naataynrep meti 21 meti

atarid ini - lebairav ispirksed akam isakifisalkid nad atar ajreniK nakijasid

adap V lebaT 21.

V lebaT 21. lebairaV ispirkseD ajreniK ( )Y

lavretnI irogetaK isneukerF )%(esatnesreP 00,1 – 97,1 hadner tagnaS 0 0 08,1 – 95,2 hadneR 0 0

06,2 – 93,3 lamroN 5 3.5 04,3 – 91,4 iggniT 16 2.46 02,4 – 00,5 iggnit tagnaS 92 5.03

halmuJ 59 0,001 ataR - = atar 0360.4



79

nakrasadreB V lebaT 21. tapad , irad awhab tahilid 59 gnay nednopser

meti padahret napaggnat irebmem - lebairav naataynrep meti satilauK

nanayalep ikilimem gnay )%0( nednopser ada kadit nakumetid , ajreniK

“ gnologret hadneR nad hadner tagnas ,” 5 ( gnaro .5 3 gnologret )%

“ lamroN ,” 16 ro 6( gna .4 2 2 nad ,”iggniT“ gnologret )% 9 03( gnaro 5. )%

”iggniT tagnaS“ gnologret atar ialiN . - rasebes helorepid atar 0360.4 ialiN .

gnatner malad adareb ini 04,3 – 91,4 “ itrareb gnay iggnit inI .”

awhab nakkujnunem ajreniK adap naahasurep uraB udaM .tP atrakaygoY ,

et gnologr iggniT awhab nakkujnunem naikimed nagneD . nawayrak

naahasurep TP uraB udaM . atrakaygoY , iaynupmem ajreniK iggnit gnay

naparah nagned iauses .nawayrak

.D kisalK ismusA ijU

malad nakanugid naka gnay citsitats sisilana nakutnenem kutnU

am ,ini naitilenep isnednepedni nakitkubmem kutnu naijugnep nakukalid ak

gnisam - atad nahalognep nakrasadreB .itiletid gnay sabeb lebairav gnisam

margorp nakanuggnem nagned swodniw roF 0.91 SSPS nakukalid tapad ,

.tukireb iagabes naijugnep

.1 satilamroN ijU

satilamron ijU kukalid ialin padahret na dezidradnats laudiser

nakanuggnem vorogomloK elpmaS enO - tseT vonrimS nakifingis nagned

%5 rasebes


89

V lebaT 31. enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS

dezidradnatSlaudiseR

N 59 sretemaraP lamroN b,a naeM 0000000.

noitaiveD .dtS 0379. 6804 emertxE tsoM

secnereffiD etulosbA 511.

evitisoP 601. evitageN - 511.

vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 421.1 2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 061.

.lamroN si noitubirtsid tseT .a .atad morf detaluclaC .b

akrasadreB V elbat adap naijugnep lisah n 31. naijugnep lisah , enO

vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS naklisahgnem ecnacifingis citotpmysa

50.0 ≥ .0 ,utiay 061 . naklupmisid tapad akam tubesret lisah nakrasadreB

.nalamronek ismusa ihunemem halet iserger ledom awhab

.2 sadeksoreteH ijU ti is sat

sadekoreteh ijU sit sati nakukalid malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu

utas irad laudiser snairav naamas kaditek idajret iserger haubes

non halada kiab gnay iserfger ledoM .nial natamagnep ek natamagnep

ada tahilem nagned halada nasutupek nalibmagnep rasaD .sitadeksoreteh

tna utnetret alop aynkadit .laudiser nagned iskiderp id gnay Y ara

)a kitit itrepes utnetret alop ada akiJ – kutnebmem ada gnay kitit

.sitadeksoreteh idajret akam rutaret gnay utnetret alop utaus

)b kitit atres salej gnay alop ada akiJ – id nad sata id rabeynem kitit

t akam ,0 akgna hawab .sitadeksoreteh idajret kadi


99

nahalognep lisah nakrasadreB swodniw roF 0.91 SSPS naktapadid

satisadeksoreteh naijugnep avruk

satisitsadeksoreteH ijU 1 .V rabmaG

id gnay Y ialiN( Y ubmus ialin aratna kifarg rabmag lisah iraD

er ialiN( X ubmus nad )iskiderp ,salej kadit gnay alop nakujnunem )laudis

rutaret kadit araces Y ubmus hawab id nad sata id rabeynem kitit atres

satisitsadeksoreteh aynidajret kadit nakujnunem aggnihes

.3 atiraenilokitluM ijU

ledom ada hakapa ijugnem kutnu nakukalid satiraenilokitlum ijU

r iserger ledoM .sabeb lebairav ratna isalerok aynada nakumetid iserge

aynraseb helo akutnetid ini sisilanA .raenilokitlum non halada kiab gnay

( FIV ialin rotcaF noitalfnI snairaV nad ) cnareloT ledom utaus namodeP .e

halada satiraeilokitlum sabeb gnay iserger ladit gnay FIV ialin iaynupmem

akgna iaynupmem nad 01 irad hibel ecnarelot .1.0 irad gnaruk kadit


001

nahalognep lisah nakrasadreB swodniw roF 0.91 SSPS naktapadid

( FIV ialin rotcaF noitalfnI snairaV nad ) ecnareloT gnisam kutnu - gnisam

lbat adap sabeb lebairav :ini tukireb e

V lebaT 41.

atiraenilokitluM ijU

ledoM

ecnareloT FIV 1 )tnatsnoC(

natamalesek nahitaleP 427. 083.1 ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 236. 185.1

ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 515. 449.1 nilpisid nad nasawagneP 523. 870.3

natakgnineP 3K naradasek 455. 608.1 diserba :elbairaV tnednepeD .a

FIV ialin aynraseb awhab iuhatekid tapad sata id elbat nakrasadreB

( rotcaF noitalfnI snairaV gnisam irad ) - nednepedni lebairav gnisam

nad 01 irad hibel kadit FIV ialin ikilimem ecnarelot k kadit .1,0 irad gnaru

ialin hadner nikames akam FIV ialin ialin iggnit nikameS ecnarelot

nakujnunem kadi lebairav hurules awhab naklupmisid tapad aggnihes

.satiraenilokitlum aynada

.4 isalerokotuA ijU

alerok aynkadit ada iuhategnem kutnu akukalid isalerokotua ijU is

ggnep lebairav ratna gned utnetret edoirep adap ugna lebairav lebairav na

non halada kiab gnay iserger ledoM .aynmulebes edoirep uggnaggnep

.isalerokotua


101

malad tapad isalerokotua halasam aynkadit ada isketednem kutnU

akgnidnabmem arac nagned iserger ledom nibruD( WD ialin n - )nostaW

.elbat WD ialin nad citsitats

V lebaT 51. isalerok otuA ijU

ledoM nibruD - nostaW

1 654.1 isakilbuP , 3K naradasek natakgnineP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

tnoK , natamalesek nahitaleP , ajrek natamalesek nagnukgnil lornilpisid nad nasawagneP , ajrek diserba :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

nibruD ialin helorepid ,sata id tuptuo adaP - rasebes nostaW 4.1 65

= )k( lebairav halmuj nagned 5 lepmas halmuj nad 59 id iju nakrasadreB .

ckitsitats ialin awhab kapmat sata ruD nib - rasebes nostaW .1 4 65 id katelret

akgna aratna - iserger ledom awhab naklupmisid tapad aggnihes 2 nad 2

.isalerokotua kisalk ismusa irad sabebret adnagreb raenil

.E fitatitnauK sisilanA

aynkadit ada sisetopih ijugnem kutnu nakujutid fitatitnauk sisilanA

p huragne 3K margorP utiay , natamalesek nahitaleP ajrek X( 1) , isakilbuP

natamalesek X( 2) ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK , X( 3) nilpisid nad nasawagneP ,

X( 4 nad ) 3K naradasek natakgnineP X( 5 padahret ) ajreniK )Y( adap nawayrak

atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP naahasurep . nakukalid sisetopih naijugneP

reinil iserger sisilana kinket nagned adnagreb margorp nakanuggnem

retupmok esaeleR swodniW rof SSPS 91


201

.F isergeR sisilanA lisaH

α=Y 0 β + 1X 1 β + 2Χ2 β + 3X 3 β + 4X4 β + 5X5

: anamiD

Y ajreniK utiay nedneped lebairaV=

X1 = aleP ajrek natamalesek nahit

X2 = natamalesek isakilbuP

X3 = ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK

X4 = nilpisid nad nasawagneP

X5 = 3K naradasek natakgnineP

α0 atnatsnoK =

β1 β , 2 β , 3 β , 4 β , 5 neisifeoK = - laisrap iserger neisifeok

rger sisilana nakukalid haleteS α ialin naktapadid SSPS nagned ise 0 661.2 ,

β ialin 1 0 721. β rasebes ialin , 2 0 050. , β rasebes ialin 3 0 100. β ialin , 4 rasebes - -

0 180. β ialin , 5 rasebes 0 673. ialiN . - adap tahilid tapad tubesret ialin V lebaT 8.

.SSPS lisah

V LEBAT 61. iseregeR lisaH namukgnaR adnagreB reiniL

Β rorrE dradnatS t giS atnatsnoK 661.2 0 563. 739.5 0 000.

natamalesek nahitaleP 0 721. 0 060. 301.2 0 830. ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 0 050. 0 590. 0 425. 0 206.

ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 0 100. 0 080. 0 610. 0 789. nilpisid nad nasawagneP -0 180. 0 021. -0 576. 0 205.

3K naradasek natakgnineP 0 673. 0 080. 086.4 0 000. : erauqS R detsujdA 0 243. : etamitsE fo rorrE dradnatS 0 95273. : F 232.9 : giS 000,0

remirP ataD : rebmuS isergeR naripmal 3102


301

: sisilana lisah isaterpretnI

= 2R ialin tapadid sataid lebat iraD 0 243. uata 2.43 halada( %

natardaukgnep ,isalerok neisifeok irad 0 485. 0 x 485. = 0 243. asib erauqs r ,)

neisifeok tubesid nitra ,isanimreted awhab ay 2.43 naksalejid asib Y lebairav %

helo amil elbairav helo naksalejid aynasis nakgnades ,sataid )X( sabeb

%001( nial lebairav - 2.43 = % 8.56 iapmas 0 akgna adap rasikreb erauqs R .)%

natatac nagned ,1 nubuh hamel nikames ,erauqs R akgna licek nikames nag

audek elbairav tubesret

rasebes )EES( etamitse fo rorre dradnatS 93673.0 naka EES licek nikam .

.nedneped lebairav iskiderpmem malad tapet nikames iserger ledom taubmem

adap nagnutihrep lisah iraD V lebaT 61. iserger naamasrep naksilutid tapad

reb reinil : tukireb iagabes adnag

= Y .2 661 + 0 21. 7X1 + 0 0. 05 X2 + 0 00. 1X3 + (-0 180. )X4 + 0 73. 6X5

rasebes atnatsnoK 302.2 akam 0 = x akij awhab nakataynem ajreniK )Y(

atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP naahasurep adap nawayrak 302.2

.1 sisetopiH naijugneP

.a )tset F( F ijU

aijugneP araces huragnep iuhategnem kutnu nakduskamid ini n

katneres rotakidni 3K margorp ( ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP X( 1) ,

natamalesek isakilbuP X( 2) ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK , X( 3) ,

nilpisid nad nasawagneP X( 4 nad ) 3K naradasek natakgnineP X( 5). )


401

padahret ajreniK )Y( ,uraB udaM .TP naahasurep adap nawayrak

atrakaygoY .

V LEBAT 71. gnutih F lisaH

AVONA b

ledoM fo muS

serauqS Df erauqS naeM F .giS 1 noissergeR 804.6 5 282.1 232.9 000. a

laudiseR 553.21 98 931. latoT 367.81 49

nineP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a , ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP , 3K naradasek natakg nilpisid nad nasawagneP , ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK , natamalesek nahitaleP

ajreniK :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

remirP ataD :rebmuS iserger naripmal 3102

F nakgnidnabmem nagned nakukalid F ijU gnutih F nagned lebat .

F awhab nakkujnutid sataid lebat nakrasadreB gnutih rasebes 232.9 ,

F lisah nakgnades lebat nahalasek takgnit nagned isubirtsid lebat adap

F itrareb ini laH .90,3 rasebes halada %5 gnutih F > lebat .)90,3 > 101,71(

kujnunem tubesret nagnutihreP lebairav awhab nak 3K margorp

( ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP X( 1) natamalesek isakilbuP , X( 2) lortnoK ,

ajrek nagnukgnil X( 3) nilpisid nad nasawagneP , X( 4 nad ) natakgnineP

3K naradasek X( 5) ). amasreb araces - gnay huragnep iaynupmem amas

nakifingis nad fitisop lebairav padahret ajreniK )Y( adap nawayrak

1 sisetopih aggnihes atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP naahasurep tapad

amiretid


501

.b )tset t( t ijU

X kutnu isalerok neisifeok ialin padahret isnakifingis iju lisaH 1

( ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP s neisifeok ialin nakujnunem ) rasebe

0 721. adnatreb fitisop ,00.91 SSPS atad nahalognep lisah irad .

rasebes eulav p ialin helorepid 0 830. < tnednepedni lebairav akam 50.0

X1 ( ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP laisrap/laudividni araces )

( Y padahret huragnepreb nawayrak ajrenik .)

u lisah iraD X kutnu isalerok neisifeok ialin padahret isnakifingis ij 2

( natamalesek isakilbuP rasebes neisifeok ialin nakujnunem ) 0 050.

adnatreb fitisop ialin helorepid ,00.91 SSPS atad nahalognep lisah irad .

eulav p 0 206. > X tnednepedni lebairav akam 50.0 2 ( sakilbuP i

natamalesek laisrap/laudividni araces ) kadit araces huragnepreb sop itif

( Y padahret nawayrak ajrenik .) isakilbup nakanerakid idajret ini laH

raga nawayrak isavitomem tapad muleb natamalesek naka iradaynem

ajrek natahesek nad natamalesek ayngnitnep ak nad muleb aguj nawayr

tapad ajrekeb utkawes 3K nakparenem tapadret nupiksem :aynhotnoc ,

anegnem kutnu nauabmih retsop gnires ajrekeb amales mleh nak

nawayrak arap helo nakuarihid .

X kutnu isalerok neisifeok ialin padahret isnakifingis iju lisaH 3

( kgnil lortnoK ajrek nagnu rasebes neisifeok ialin nakujnunem ) 0 100.

ialin helorepid ,00.91 SSPS atad nahalognep lisah irad .fitisop adnatreb

eulav p 0 789. > X tnednepedni lebairav akam 50.0 3 ( lortnoK

ajrek nagnukgnil laisrap/laudividni araces ) kadit araces huragnepreb


601

p ( Y padahret fitiso nawayrak ajrenik .) nakanerakid idajret ini laH

naka imahamem muleb nawayrak gnay ajrek naakalecek ayahab

nad idajret nikgnum aynatpicret ayngnaruk ukgnil uata isidnok nagn

aynatpicret gnaruk adap hotnoc ,namayn nad nama gnay ajrek

nukgnil gnaruk asarem nawayrak ,namayn nad nama gnay ajrek nag

gnay nisem isidnok nakanerakid gnay ajrekeb malad namayn nad nama

saw asar nakirebmem ini lah gnasu nad aut ialum hadus - malad saw

nawayrak gnaroes ajrekeb nawayrak ajrenik naknurunem aggnihes .

ah iraD X kutnu isalerok neisifeok ialin padahret isnakifingis iju lis 4

( nilpisid nad nasawagneP rasebes neisifeok ialin nakujnunem ) -0 180.

adnatreb fitagen . D helorepid ,00.91 SSPS atad nahalognep lisah ira

eulav p ialin 0 205. > X tnednepedni lebairav akam 50.0 4 ( nasawagneP

nilpisid nad laisrap/laudividni araces ) kadit huragnepreb Y padahret

( nawayrak ajrenik .) ayngnaruk nakanerakid idajret ini laH nasawagnep

.nawayrak ajrek ukalirep nad ajrek nagnukgnil padahret aggniheS

em nakukalid halet gnay apa asarem nawayrak gnay lisah nakapur

:hotnoc ,lamiskam muleb asarem naahasurep nakgnades lamiskam

ada kadit nad ajrekeb amales adnacreb nawayrak rugenem gnay

kof gnaruk aggnihes naigurek naktabikagnem nad ajrekeb malad su

.)naakelecek( nawayrak igab

t isnakifingis iju lisaH X kutnu isalerok neisifeok ialin padahre 5

( 3K naradasek natakgnineP rasebes neisifeok ialin nakujnunem ) 0 673.

ialin helorepid ,00.91 SSPS atad nahalognep lisah irad .fitisop adnatreb


701

eulav p 0 0. 00 X tnednepedni lebairav akam 50.0 < 5 ( natakgnineP

naradasek 3K fitisop araces huragnepreb laisrap/laudividni araces )

( Y padahret nawayrak ajrenik .)

.G nasahabmeP

naijugnep lisaH sisetopih amatrep awhab nakumetid 3K margorp

,)ajreK natamaleseK nad nataheseK( irad iridret gnay natamalesek nahitaleP

ek isakilbuP , ajrek nad nasawagneP , ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK , natamales

nad ,nilpisid 3K naradasek natakgnineP natlumis araces araces huragnepreb

padahret nakifingis ajrenik padahret .

helo nakukalid gnay uluhadret naitilenep gnukudnem ini naitileneP nowaB

itayaH ikiR adap nuhat 1102 “ luduj nagned , nataheseK naanaskaleP huragneP

maleseK nad raK ajreniK padahreT ajreK nata adaP iskudorp naigaB naway

gnadnaS irtsudnI .TP gnalaM gnawaL lataP tinU aratnasuN ) iaynupmem gnay ,

utiay amas gnay lisah tamaleseK nad nataheseK( 3K margorp ,)ajreK na gnay

irad iridret lortnoK , natamalesek isakilbuP , ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP

nad ,nilpisid nad nasawagneP , ajrek nagnukgnil 3K naradasek natakgnineP

natlumis araces padahret nakifingis araces huragnepreb ajrenik padahret lisaH .

dnem aguj ini helo nakakumek id gnay iroet gnuku gneguS ( 5002 gnay )

awhab nakataynem emejanam metsis naujuT utaus nakatpicnem halada 3K n

is atahesek nad natamalesek mets rusnu naktabilem nagned ajrek n ,nemejanam

argetniret gnay ,ajrek nagnukgnil nad isidnok ,ajrek aganet hagecnem malad is

aganet aynatpicret atres ajrek tabika tikaynep nad naakalecek ignarugnem nad


801

fitkudorp nad neisife ,nama ,tahes gnay ajrek .

naijugnep lisaH sisetopih audek awhab nakumetid natamalesek nahitaleP

ajrek laisrap araces k padahret huragnepreb ,uraB udaM .TP nawayrak ajreni

atrakaygoY nagned awhab itrareb ini laH . ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP gnay

akam kiab tapad ecnem ajrek naakalecek aynidajret hag nawayrak malad

aggnihes ajrek sativitka naktakgninem ajrenik nawayrak .

t gnukudnem aguj ini lisaH nakakumek id gnay iroe reniM malad ( mahlI )2002

a utiay utiay ,3K halasam isatagnem kutnu nakanugid gnay kepsa aud ad ytefaS

ygolohcysP nad ygolohcysP lacinilC lairtsudnI . ygolohcysP ytefaS

aakalecek hagecnem ahasu adap naktarebkitinem itilenem nagned ,idajret uti n

.idajret naakalecek anamiagab nad apanek ygolohcysP lacinilC lairtsudnI

babes ,nurunem gnay nawayrak ajrenik adap naktarebkitinem - babes

aynisatagnem anamiagab nad nanurunep .

naijugnep lisaH sisetopih ek agit awhab nakumetid up natamalesek isakilb

laisrap araces kadit ,uraB udaM .TP nawayrak ajrenik padahret huragnepreb

atrakaygoY awhab itrareb ini laH . ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP gnay naujutreb

ayngnitnep naka iradaynem raga nawayrak isavitomem naktagnignem kutnu

k nad natamalese tapad kadit ajrek natahesek nupuam naktakgninem

takgnit naknurunem nawayrak ajrenik , nakanerakid nawayrak gnaruk

isakilbup nakuarihgnem kadit hibel nad isakilbup aynada iradaynem

.ada hadus gnay ajrek natamalesek

naijugnep lisaH sisetopih ek tapme akumetid awhab n nagnukgnil lortnok

ajrek laisrap araces kadit udaM .TP nawayrak ajrenik padahret huragnepreb


901

atrakaygoY ,uraB aynatpicret awhab itrareb ini laH . ukgnil uata isidnok nagn

namayn nad nama gnay ajrek naktakgninem tapad kadit nawayrak ajrenik .

l lortnoK nawayrak ajrenik padahret huragnepreb kadit gnamem nagnukgni

imed kiab gnay nagnukgnil lortnoK nakirebmem patet naahasurep kahip ipatet

kiabret gnay nawayrak ajrenik aynatpicret .

naijugnep lisaH sisetopih ek amil awhab nakumetid awhab nakumetid

d nasawagnep nilpisid na laisrap araces kadit ajrenik padahret huragnepreb

atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP nawayrak awhab itrareb ini laH . nasawagnep

nawayrak ajrek ukalirep nad ajrek nagnukgnil padahret kadit tapad

naknurunem .nawayrak ajrenik naktakgninem nupuam nasawagneP nad

nilpisid kahip ipatet nawayrak ajrenik padahret huragnepreb kadit gnamem

nakirebmem patet naahasurep nilpisid nad nasawagnep aynatpicret imed

kiabret gnay nawayrak ajrenik .

naijugnep lisaH sisetopih ek mane awhab nakumetid natakgninep

3K naradasek aces laisrap ar udaM .TP nawayrak ajrenik padahret huragnepreb

atrakaygoY ,uraB nagned awhab itrareb ini laH . malad naahasurep ahasu

3K margorp nakseskusnem tapad nawayrak ajrenik naktakgninem ini lisaH .

nakakumek id gnay iroet gnukudnem aguj malad reniM mahlI ( )2002 utiay

a utiay ,3K halasam isatagnem kutnu nakanugid gnay kepsa aud ad ytefaS

ygolohcysP nad ygolohcysP lacinilC lairtsudnI . ygolohcysP ytefaS

itilenem nagned ,idajret uti naakalecek hagecnem ahasu adap naktarebkitinem

naakalecek anamiagab nad apanek .idajret ygolohcysP lacinilC lairtsudnI

babes ,nurunem gnay nawayrak ajrenik adap naktarebkitinem - babes


011

aynisatagnem anamiagab nad nanurunep tapad nawayrak ajrenik aggnihes

takgninem .


111

V BAB I

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

.A nalupmiseK

aparebeb kiratid tapad akam VI baB adap sisilana lisah nakrasadreB

:tukireb iagabes nalupmisek

.1 3K margorP itupilem gnay ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP , X( 1) ,

natamalesek isakilbuP X( 2) ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK , X( 3),

nilpisid nad nasawagneP X( 4 nad ) 3K naradasek natakgnineP X( 5 )

natlumis araces adap ajrenik padahret nakifingis huragnepreb .TP

atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM . gnukudid 1 sisetopih naikimed nagned

.2 ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP nakifingis araces huragnepreb ajrek

t adap ajrenik padahre atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP naikimed nagned ,

.gnukudid 2 sisetopih

.3 natamalesek isakilbuP b kadit nakifingis araces huragnepre padahret

adap ajrenik atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP sisetopih naikimed nagned ,

3 kadit .gnukudid

.4 agnukgnil lortnoK ajrek n kadit nakifingis araces huragnepreb padahret


4 kadit .gnukudid

.5 nilpisid nad nasawagneP kadit nakifingis araces huragnepreb padahret

adap ajrenik atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP d nagned , sisetopih naikime

5 kadit .gnukudid


211

.6 3K naradasek natakgnineP nakifingis araces huragnepreb padahret


6 .gnukudid

.B naraS

nakaraynem itilenep akam VI baB adap sisilana lisah nakrasadreB , TP .

atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM nakitahrepmem hibel raga natamalesek isakilbuP ,

ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK nad , nilpisid nad nasawagneP anamid gnay

ek agit tubesret elbairav nawayrak helo nakitahrepid gnaruk anug

.aynnawayrak ajrenik natakgninep

eneP uti irad akaM hibel nasatA raga naras nakirebmem itil

susak malad hibelret amaskes hibel aynahawab nakitahrepmem udaM .TP

atrakaygoY ,uraB nakitahrepmem hibel surah nanipmip gnaroes kosos ini

aynnahawab , :arac nagned

.1 maladid awhab atkaf tahileM atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP , nahitalep

akam nawayrak ajrenik padahret huragnep iaynupmem natamalesek

itrepes natamalesek nahitalep raga naknaraynem silunep iagabes ayas

nahitalep nakadagnem ,tnardyh iulalem ipa nakmadamem :aynlah

apmeg( naakalecek utaus idajret akij isaukave sesorp nad narakabek ,

nial - mulebes naakalecek nabrok adap amatrep nanagnanep ,)nial

anerak alakreb araces nakukalid ulrep tagnas tikas hamurek awabid

.nawayrak ajrenik ucamem tapad


311

.2 malad awhab atkaf tahileM natakgninep ,atrakaygoY ,uraB udaM .TP

mem 3K naradasek akam nawayrak ajrenik padahret huragnep iaynup

es naahasurep raga naknaraynem silunep iagabes ayas r nakadagnem gni

nahuluynep nad nakamatugnem kutnu nawayrak isavitomem

ajrekeb utkawes aynnatahesek nad natamalesek .


411

AKATSUP RATFAD

,aragenukgnaM ubarP rawnA ,naahasureP aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM TP2002 ,gnudnaB ,ayrakadsor ajamer

.imisrahuS ,otnukirA ketkarP natakedneP utauS naitileneP rudesorP , isidE

2002 ,atpiC akeniR :atrakaJ ,isiveR

akatsuP aidemarG TP .aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM .7991 .G ,relsseD.atrakaJ ,amatU

.ramU niesuH sinsiB tesiR edoteM .2002 ,atrakaJ ,amatU akatsuP aidemarG .TP ;

eK dabA ipadahgneM - 12 aggnalrE :atrakaJ .

diR nhoJ natahesek )6002( yel

TP .naahasureP aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM .1002 .A.A ,aragenukgnaM.gnudnaB ,ayraK adsoR ajameR

aracnawaw )6991( owobarP

iroeT irad naahasureP kutnu aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM .6002 .V ,iaviR

asreP odnifarG ajaR TP .kitkarP ek .atrakaJ ,ad

isatserP .ajreK nataheseK nad natamaleseK nemejanaM .4002 .G ,osotnaS.atrakaJ ,akatsuP

.9991 .noskcaJ .E nasuS nad .S lladnaR ,reluhcS ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM

aisunaM

laisoS :naitileneP igolodoteM ratnagneP . idraheoS ,tigiS - nemejanaM sinsiB satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF natibreneP naigaB :atrakaygoY

3002 .awsisnamaT atayiwanajraS

nad natamaleseK nemejanaM .5991 ,gnadnomuR ihalaliS nad tenneB ihalaliS.atrakaJ ,odnisserP namaniB akatsuP .TP ,ajreK nataheseK

idnayfoS , namreH . 8002 . nemejanaM aisunaM ayaD rebmuS .aharG ,atrakaygoY ;

umlI

)5991( nansuH dauS

tibreneP .ajreK nataheseK nad natamaleseK nemejanaM metsiS .5002 .R ,idrauS.atrakaJ ,MPP


511

nadaB .audeK isidE KK & sekrepiH iapmaR agnuB .5002 .kkd ,.M.A ,gneguSgenopiD satisrevinU tibreneP .gnarameS ,oro

,onoyiguS ,sinsiB naitileneP edoteM 9002 ,gnudnaB ,atebaflA

amuS ' rum ( .csM ,rD ,.K.P 1891 ,) ajreK natamaleseK nahagecneP nad

atrakaJ : gnugA gnunuG okoT .TP .,naakaleceK

nugnabmeM taiK ,nawayraK ajreniK nakajibeK .onotnesoriwarP idayuS

9991 ,EFPB .ainuD sabeB nagnagadreP gnalejneM fititepmoK isasinagrO


611

1 NARIPMAL RENOISEUK


711

I NAIGAB

NEDNOPSER SATITNEDI

kitit halisi uata )*adnat kutnu ulrep kadit gnay teroC - gnalis adnat halireb uata kitit

adna naadaek nagned iauses gnay nabawaj fitanretla utas halas adap )X( gnay

.aynranebes

.1 (.....................................……………… :amaN isiid kadit heloB )

.2 )*P / L : nimaleK sineJ

.3 :rumU

.a ht 71 - ht22

.b ht32 - 82 ht

.c ht92 - 33 ht

.d ht 43 sataiD

.4 nakididneP

.a DS tamaT

.b PTLS tamaT

.c ATLS tamaT

.d kimedakA uata iggniT naurugreP tamaT


811

II NAIGAB

NEMUSNOK PAKIS GNATNET

nagned iauses nabawaj irebmem adnA nakalis II ek naigab naaynatrep kutnU

tsil kcehc adnat irebmem arac nagned adnA tapadnep ( )√ gnay nabawaj adap

itanretla 5 iaynupmem naaataynrep paiteS .iauses gnilap paggna adnA :nabawaj f

- )SS( ujuteS tagnaS - )ST( ujuteS kadiT

- )S( ujuteS - )STS( ujuteS kadiT tagnaS

- ugaR - ugaR ( RR )

.A natamaleseK nahitaleP

oN naataynreP SS S N ST STS 1 em naahasureP rejanam kutnu susuhk nahitalep nakadagn

nad 3K tiakret nawayrak nad

2 tala naanuggnepnahitalep nakirebmem naahasureP - talaajrek natamalesek

3 nad nahagecnep nahitalep nakirebmem naahasurePnarakabek ayahab nagnaluggnanep

4 nakadaid gnay nahitalep irad taafnam nakasarem adnAnaahasurep

5 nahitaleP naajrekep gnatnet isamrofni kaynab nakirebmemadna

.B ajreK natamaleseK isakilbuP

oN naataynreP SS S N ST STS

1 p adA gnay tapmet id natagnirep adnat nagnasameayahab isnetopreb

2 nasep tapadret naahasurep nagnukgnil iD - gnatnet nasepajrek natamalesek

3 ayahab takgnit gnatnet isamrofni nakirebmem naahasurePnaajrekep

4 arac gnatnet kiab gnay hotnoc nakirebmem adna nasatA -tahes nad nama gnay ajrekeb arac

5 narutarep iaynupmem naahasureP - natamalesek narutarepajrek

.C ajreK nagnukgniL lortnoK


1 ajrekeb kutnu irid gnudnilep tala nakaideynem naahasureP 2 kiab pukuc adna ajrek tapmet id nagnaur uhuS


911

3 naksaumem pukuc adna ajrek tapmet id nagnareneP 4 tapmet nagnauR hisreb pukuc adna ajrek 5 id aidesret ajrek natamalesek nad nanamaek napakgnelreP

adna ajrek nagnukgnil

6 ajrek tapmet id K3P satilisaf iaynupmem naahasureP

.D nilpisiD nad nasawagneP

oN naataynreP SS S N ST STS 1 natalarep mulebeS nisem nad ajrek - nakanugid nisem

uluhad hibelret nakecegnep nakukalid

2 tala nakecegnep nakukalem naahasureP - natamalesek talanitur araces ajrek

3 irid gnudnilep tala naanuggnep nakbijawem naahasurePajrekeb taas )DPA(

4 naahasureP nahab padahret nasawagnep nakirebmem - nahabayahabreb nad nucareb

5 nawayrak natahesek naaskiremep nakadagnem naahasurePnitur araces

.E 3K naradaseK natakgnineP


1 gnay naitahrep nakirebmem naahasureP raseb padahretnad natamalesek halasam )3K( ajrek natahesek

2 iagabes 3K naktapmenem naahasureP malad amatu satiroirpajrekeb

3 nakitahrepmem tagnas naahasureP nad natamalesekadna ajrek natahesek

4 nakusamnakusam naknignignem naahasureP irad adna3K halasam nagned tiakret

.F nawayraK ajreniK

.oN naaynatreP SS S N ST STS .1 d adnA gnay naajrekep halmujes nakiaseleynem tapa


.2 adnA d tapet nad itilet nagned naajrekep nakiaseleynem tapa gnay iauses .nakparahid


021

.3 m adnA / sagut gnatnet pukuc gnay nauhategnep ikilime itakednem aggnihes aynnakukalem nad aynnabijawek

.adnA isnatsni / naahasurep radnats

.4 m adnA nial gnaro nagned amas ajrekeb naupmamek ikilime malad fitkurtsnok gnay pakis nad .mit

.5 m adnA sagut nakanaskalem malad bawaj gnuggnat ikilime.naajrekep /

.6 m adnA nad nakgnaneynem gnay ajrek pakis ikilime.sagutep igab isartnesnok ahasureb

.7 m adnA / sagut naknalajnem malad fitaisini ikilime fitaler gnay naajrekep .aynigab urab

.8 adnA m nakiaseleynem kutnu sinket nalipmaretek ikilime.naajrekep

.9 adnA m uata nasutupek libmagnem naupmamek ikilime.halasam nakiaseleynem

.01 m adnA gnibmibmem nad nakharagnem naupmamek ikilime nial iawagep / nawayrak nad isneisife iapacnem kutnu

.sativitkefe

.11 adnA m sagut nakiaseleynem naupmamek ikilime - sagut.isartsinimda

.21 m adnA naajrekep nakiaseleynem kutnu sativitaerk ikilime.kiab hibel gnay lisah iapacnem kutnu


121

II NARIPMAL ATAD

SATITNEDINEDNOPSER


221

oN amaN nimaleK sineJ rumU nakididneP

1 otnamhaR L b b 2 P c c 3 onoyirpuS L d c 4 P c c 5 P d c 6 L a d 7 onoyirT sugA L b c 8 idapI aytesarP L c c 9 idayirkuS pusuY L b c 01 idayiR temalS L b c 11 inoamsiraC L b c 21 S iraH osotna L d d 31 otnayraM L c c 41 idikuS L d c 51 idajuS L c c 61 ojimuT L c c 71 onoyhaC L c c 81 otnawsirK L d a 91 irdnA yreV L d c 02 namhoR ludbA L d a 12 otnasuS L d c 22 idnawuS L b c 32 idayirpuS L b b 42 W gnabmaB L c c 52 drahaM .huM i L b c 62 ojeB L c c 72 ikusaB temalS L d c 82 imawaD L d c 92 namtayuS L d c 03 idabuM L d c 13 ladrapuS L d c 23 otnasuS L d c 33 ijamraD L d c 43 ohorguN L d c 53 otnayiW .M L d c 63 namijaW L d d 73 P d c 83 L a b 93 P c b


321

04 P d c 14 P c b 24 L a c 34 L a c 44 L a b 54 L a b 64 P a b 74 L a b 84 L b c 94 L b c 05 P a c 15 P a c 25 P a c 35 L a c 45 P a c 55 L b c 65 L a c 75 idahoR qifuoT L c c 85 L b d 95 TS niduruN L c d 06 L d c 16 P b c 26 P d c 36 P d c 46 L d c 56 idayruM L b c 66 L a c 76 P d c 86 anayraM L d c 96 P d c 07 P d c 17 L d c 27 L d c 37 L b b 47 L c c 57 P d c 67 L d c 77 namalaS L c b 87 L d b 97 L c c 08 L d c


421

18 L d d 28 P d c 38 P b c 48 P d c 58 P d d 68 P b c 78 L d c 88 L b c 98 P d c 09 L d c 19 L c c 29 L d c 39 L c c 49 P c c 59 P d c


521

III NARIPMAL ISUBIRTSID ATAD

I SATITNEDNEDNOPSER


621

70000RAV 60000RAV 50000RAV=SELBAIRAV SEICNEUQERF .SISYLANA=REDRO/

seicneuqerF )1 scitsitatS

nimalek sineJ rumU nakididneP N dilaV 59 59 59

gnissiM 0 0 0

elbaT ycneuqerF

)2 nimalek sineJ

ycneuqerF tnecreP tnecreP dilaV evitalumuC

tnecreP dilaV ikaL - ikal 86 6.17 6.17 6.17

naupmereP 72 4.82 4.82 0.001 latoT 59 0.001 0.001

)3 rumU

ycneuqerF tnecreP tnecreP dilaV

evitalumuCtnecreP

dilaV ht 71 - ht22 51 8.51 8.51 8.51 ht32 - 82 ht 81 9.81 9.81 7.43 ht92 - 33 ht 91 0.02 0.02 7.45

3 sataiD ht 4 34 3.54 3.54 0.001 latoT 59 0.001 0.001

)4 nakididneP

ycneuqerF tnecreP

dilaVtnecreP

evitalumuCtnecreP

dilaV DS tamaT 2 1.2 1.2 1.2

PTLS tamaT 21 6.21 6.21 7.41 ATLS tamaT 47 9.77 9.77 6.29

uata iggniT naurugreP tamaTkimedakA

7 4.7 4.7 1 0.00

latoT 59 0.001 0.001


721


721

VI NARIPMAL D ATA V LEBAIRA

R NEDNOPSE


821

3k naradasek natakgnineP

1.5X 2.5X 3.5X 4.5X 5X 1 4 4 4 4 61 2 5 5 5 5 02 3 4 4 4 4 61 4 4 4 4 4 61 5 4 4 4 4 61 6 4 4 4 4 61 7 4 4 4 4 61 8 4 4 4 4 61 9 4 5 5 4 81 01 3 3 2 2 01 11 4 4 4 4 61 21 5 4 3 2 41 31 3 3 3 3 21 41 4 4 4 4 61 51 5 4 5 5 91 61 4 4 4 4 61 71 4 5 4 4 71 81 4 5 5 4 81 91 2 2 2 2 8 02 3 4 4 3 41 12 4 4 4 4 61 22 3 3 4 4 41 32 5 4 5 4 81 42 5 4 5 4 81 52 2 2 2 3 9 62 3 3 2 2 01 72 4 4 4 3 51 82 4 4 4 4 61 92 4 4 4 3 51 03 4 4 4 4 61 13 5 4 5 4 81 23 5 4 5 4 81 33 4 4 4 4 61 43 4 4 5 4 71 53 5 4 4 4 71 63 4 3 4 2 31 73 4 4 4 4 61 83 3 4 5 4 61 93 3 4 4 4 51


921

04 4 4 4 3 51 14 5 5 5 4 91 24 5 4 5 4 81 34 5 4 4 4 71 44 4 4 4 4 61 54 4 5 4 3 61 64 4 5 4 3 61 74 4 5 4 3 61 84 4 4 3 5 61 94 4 4 5 4 71 05 5 4 4 4 71 15 5 5 5 5 02 25 5 5 5 5 02 35 5 5 5 4 91 45 5 4 4 4 71 55 2 4 3 2 11 65 5 4 3 3 51 75 3 3 3 3 21 85 4 4 4 4 61 95 4 4 4 2 41 06 4 5 4 4 71 16 5 5 4 4 81 26 2 2 4 2 01 36 4 4 4 4 61 46 4 4 4 4 61 56 5 4 5 5 91 66 4 5 5 4 81 76 4 4 4 4 61 86 5 4 4 5 81 96 4 4 4 2 41 07 4 4 4 3 51 17 4 4 4 4 61 27 4 4 3 4 51 37 3 4 2 5 41 47 3 2 3 2 01 57 4 4 4 4 61 67 4 2 2 1 9 77 4 5 5 4 81 87 4 4 4 4 61 97 5 4 4 4 71 08 4 4 4 4 61


031

18 4 4 4 4 61 28 4 4 4 4 61 38 4 5 5 4 81 48 4 5 5 4 81 58 4 5 5 4 81 68 4 4 4 4 61 78 4 5 5 4 81 88 5 5 4 5 91 98 4 5 5 4 81 09 4 5 4 5 81 19 5 5 4 4 81 29 2 2 4 2 01 39 4 4 4 4 61 49 4 4 4 4 61 59 5 4 5 5 91

halmuJ 483 583 583 453 8051 ataR - atar 501240.4 236250.4 236250.4 7.3 61362 86378.51


131

oN nilpisid nad nasawagneP 1.4X 2.4X 3.4X 4.4X 5.4X 4X

1 5 5 5 5 5 52 2 5 5 4 5 4 32 3 4 4 5 4 4 12 4 4 4 4 4 4 02 5 5 5 4 5 5 42 6 4 4 4 4 1 71 7 5 5 5 5 5 52 8 4 4 4 4 4 02 9 4 5 5 5 5 42 01 5 3 4 4 2 81 11 4 5 4 4 5 22 21 5 4 4 3 2 81 31 3 4 4 4 4 91 41 4 4 4 4 4 02 51 4 5 5 4 5 32 61 4 4 4 4 4 02 71 4 5 5 5 5 42 81 4 5 4 4 5 22 91 4 4 4 4 4 02 02 3 3 3 3 3 51 12 4 3 2 3 3 51 22 4 4 4 2 2 61 32 4 4 5 4 5 22 42 5 5 5 5 4 42 52 5 3 3 4 2 71 62 4 5 2 3 3 71 72 5 4 4 4 3 02 82 4 4 4 4 4 02 92 5 4 3 4 3 91 03 4 4 5 4 2 91 13 4 4 5 5 4 22 23 5 5 4 4 4 22 33 4 4 5 4 4 12 43 4 4 2 4 4 81 53 4 4 4 4 5 12 63 4 5 4 4 5 22 73 4 4 4 4 4 02 83 5 4 4 4 3 02 93 4 4 4 4 4 02


231

04 4 4 4 3 3 81 14 5 4 5 5 4 32 24 5 4 5 5 4 32 34 5 5 4 4 4 22 44 4 4 3 4 3 81 54 4 5 3 4 5 12 64 5 5 4 3 5 22 74 4 4 4 4 4 02 84 4 2 4 4 3 71 94 5 5 4 5 3 22 05 4 2 5 4 3 81 15 5 4 5 5 4 32 25 4 4 4 4 5 12 35 4 5 5 4 4 22 45 5 4 5 5 5 42 55 5 4 3 3 2 71 65 5 5 4 5 3 22 75 4 2 2 2 3 31 85 4 4 4 4 4 02 95 4 4 4 4 4 02 06 4 4 4 4 4 02 16 4 4 5 4 5 22 26 2 4 2 4 4 61 36 4 4 4 4 4 02 46 4 4 4 4 4 02 56 4 4 5 5 5 32 66 4 4 5 5 4 22 76 4 2 4 2 1 31 86 4 4 4 4 4 02 96 5 4 5 4 1 91 07 5 2 3 4 4 81 17 5 2 4 4 4 91 27 5 4 4 4 4 12 37 4 2 4 2 2 41 47 4 3 2 2 1 21 57 4 4 5 4 4 12 67 4 4 4 1 1 41 77 4 4 5 4 5 22 87 5 4 4 4 4 12 97 4 4 4 4 5 12 08 5 4 4 4 4 12


331

18 5 4 4 4 4 12 28 4 4 4 4 4 02 38 5 5 5 4 4 32 48 5 5 5 5 5 52 58 5 4 4 4 4 12 68 4 3 4 4 2 71 78 5 5 5 4 4 32 88 5 5 4 4 4 22 98 5 5 5 4 4 32 09 5 4 5 4 4 22 19 4 4 5 4 5 22 29 2 4 2 4 4 61 39 4 4 4 4 4 02 49 4 4 4 4 4 02 59 4 4 5 5 5 32

halmuJ 904 483 983 873 853 8191 ataR - atar 362503.4 501240.4 737490.4 749879.3 124867.3 4981.02 7


431

oN ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 1.3X 2.3X 3.3X 4.3X 5.3X 6.3X 3X

1 5 5 5 5 5 5 03 2 5 5 5 4 4 4 72 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 03 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 7 5 4 4 4 4 4 52 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 9 5 3 3 4 5 5 52 01 4 4 4 3 3 2 02 11 5 5 4 4 5 4 72 21 5 4 3 2 2 3 91 31 3 3 3 3 3 3 81 41 4 3 4 4 4 4 32 51 5 3 4 4 5 5 62 61 4 3 4 4 5 3 32 71 5 3 3 4 5 5 52 81 5 3 3 4 5 5 52 91 3 3 3 3 4 1 71 02 3 3 3 3 3 3 81 12 4 3 3 3 3 3 91 22 5 2 2 2 2 4 71 32 5 3 3 3 4 4 22

24 5 4 4 4 4 4 52 52 4 4 4 3 3 2 02 62 4 2 3 5 2 2 81 72 4 4 3 3 4 4 22 82 4 2 4 2 4 2 81 92 4 2 4 3 4 3 02 03 5 4 4 4 4 4 52 13 5 4 4 4 5 4 62 23 5 4 4 4 5 4 62 33 4 4 4 2 4 4 22 43 4 4 4 5 4 4 52 53 5 4 4 3 4 4 42 63 4 4 4 3 4 4 32 73 4 4 4 4 4 4 42


531

83 4 4 5 5 4 4 62 93 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 04 5 4 4 3 3 4 32 14 4 3 4 3 4 4 22 24 5 3 3 4 3 4 22 34 5 4 3 3 3 5 32 44 4 3 4 4 3 4 22 54 4 3 3 4 5 5 42 64 5 4 4 2 4 5 42 74 4 3 3 4 4 3 12 84 4 4 2 1 1 4 61 94 3 5 4 3 3 5 32 05 5 3 3 2 2 4 91 15 5 2 2 2 4 4 91 25 5 2 2 2 4 4 91 35 5 2 4 4 4 4 32 45 5 4 3 3 4 5 42 55 3 4 5 2 2 5 12 65 5 4 4 4 3 3 32 75 4 2 5 2 2 2 71 85 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 95 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 06 4 2 4 2 4 4 02 16 5 4 4 4 4 5 62 26 4 2 2 2 2 2 41 36 5 4 4 4 4 4 52 46 5 4 4 4 4 4 52 56 4 4 5 4 4 5 62 66 5 4 4 4 5 5 72 76 2 1 2 2 2 2 11 86 4 5 5 4 5 5 82 96 5 2 2 2 4 2 71 07 4 4 3 2 4 4 12 17 4 4 3 2 4 4 12 27 5 3 4 3 4 4 32 37 4 2 2 2 5 2 71 47 4 2 2 2 2 3 51 57 4 4 4 3 4 3 22 67 5 5 4 4 4 5 72 77 5 4 4 4 4 5 62 87 4 4 4 4 4 4 42


631

97 5 4 4 4 5 5 72 08 4 2 4 4 4 4 22 18 4 2 4 4 4 4 22 28 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 38 4 4 5 4 4 5 62 48 4 4 5 5 4 5 72 58 5 4 5 4 5 4 72 68 4 4 4 2 4 4 22 78 4 4 5 4 4 5 62 88 4 4 5 4 4 5 62 98 4 4 5 4 4 5 62 09 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 19 5 4 4 4 4 5 62 29 4 2 2 2 2 2 41 39 5 4 4 4 4 4 52 49 5 4 4 4 4 4 52 59 4 4 5 4 4 5 62

halmuJ 014 133 353 223 953 073 5412 ataR - atar 987513.4 112484.3 987517.3 474983.3 749877.3 737498.3 59875.22


731

oN ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 1.2X

4.2X 5.2X 2X

1 5 5 5 5 5 52 2 5 4 4 4 4 12 3 5 4 4 4 4 12 4 4 4 4 4 4 02 5 5 5 5 5 5 52 6 4 4 4 4 4 02 7 5 5 5 5 4 42 8 4 4 4 4 4 02 9 5 4 4 5 4 22 01 3 4 4 4 3 81 11 5 4 5 4 4 22 21 4 3 4 5 5 12 31 3 3 4 3 2 51 41 4 5 4 5 4 22 51 5 4 5 5 4 32

16 4 4 4 4 4 02 71 5 4 4 4 5 22 81 5 4 4 5 4 22 91 3 4 4 4 4 91 02 4 3 3 4 3 71 12 3 3 3 3 3 51 22 4 4 4 5 5 22 32 5 4 4 5 4 22 42 5 5 4 5 4 32 52 5 4 4 5 4 22 62 4 4 4 4 4 02 72 5 4 4 4 4 12 82 4 4 4 4 4 02 92 5 4 4 3 4 02 03 4 4 4 4 4 02 13 5 5 5 5 4 42 23 4 4 2 4 5 91 33 4 4 4 5 4 12 43 4 4 4 5 4 12 53 4 4 4 4 5 12 63 5 5 5 5 5 52 73 4 4 4 4 4 02 83 4 5 4 4 5 22 93 4 4 4 4 4 02


831

04 5 5 4 4 5 32 14 5 2 3 4 5 91 24 5 5 5 5 5 52 34 5 5 5 4 4 32 44 4 5 4 4 4 12 54 4 4 4 5 5 22 64 4 4 4 4 4 02 74 4 4 4 5 5 22 84 5 5 5 4 4 32 94 5 5 5 5 4 42 05 4 5 5 4 4 22 15 5 4 5 5 5 42 25 5 4 4 4 4 12 35 5 5 5 5 5 52 45 5 5 5 4 5 42 55 5 5 4 4 4 22 65 5 4 4 4 4 12 75 4 4 4 4 4 02 85 4 4 4 4 4 02 95 4 4 4 4 4 02 06 4 4 4 4 4 02 16 4 4 4 4 5 12 26 4 4 4 4 4 02 36 5 5 5 4 4 32 46 4 4 4 4 4 02 56 4 5 5 4 4 22 66 5 5 5 5 4 42 76 2 4 2 1 1 01 86 4 4 3 2 3 61 96 5 5 5 4 4 32 07 5 4 3 2 4 81 17 3 4 3 2 4 61 27 5 5 4 4 4 22 37 4 4 2 2 4 61 47 5 4 4 5 5 32 57 5 4 4 4 5 22 67 5 4 4 5 4 22 77 5 5 5 5 5 52 87 4 4 4 4 4 02 97 5 5 5 5 4 42 08 4 4 4 4 4 02


931

18 4 4 4 4 4 02 28 4 4 4 4 4 02 38 5 5 5 4 5 42 48 5 5 5 4 5 42 58 5 4 2 5 4 02 68 4 4 4 4 4 02 78 5 5 5 4 5 42 88 5 5 5 4 5 42 98 5 5 5 4 5 42 09 5 5 5 4 5 42 19 4 4 4 4 5 12 29 4 4 4 4 4 02 39 5 5 5 4 4 32 49 4 4 4 4 4 02 59 4 5 5 4 4 22

024 704 593 493 993 5102

350124.4 112482.4 598751.4 863741.4 2.4 35012.12


041

oN nahitaleP

natamalesek 1.1X 2.1X 3.1X 4.1X 5.1X 1X

1 5 5 5 5 5 52 2 4 4 4 4 4 02 3 4 4 4 4 4 02 4 4 4 4 4 4 02 5 5 5 5 5 5 52 6 1 4 1 1 1 8 7 5 4 4 4 4 12 8 5 4 4 4 4 12 9 5 5 4 5 5 42 01 4 4 4 4 4 02 11 5 5 4 5 5 42 21 4 5 5 3 4 12 31 4 4 4 4 4 02 41 5 4 5 4 4 22 51 4 5 4 4 4 12 61 4 5 5 4 5 32 71 5 4 5 5 4 32 81 4 2 4 4 3 71 91 3 2 3 3 3 41 02 4 4 4 4 4 02 12 4 4 4 4 4 02 22 4 5 5 4 5 32 32 4 5 5 4 4 22 42 5 5 4 4 4 22 52 5 5 5 4 5 42 62 5 5 5 4 5 42 72 4 4 4 5 4 12 82 5 4 4 4 4 12 92 3 4 5 5 4 12 03 4 4 4 4 4 02 13 4 5 5 4 5 32 23 4 5 5 5 4 32 33 4 4 4 4 4 02 43 4 4 4 4 4 02 53 4 4 4 4 3 91 63 4 4 4 4 4 02 73 4 4 4 4 4 02 83 4 4 5 4 4 12


141

93 5 5 5 5 5 52 04 5 4 4 4 4 12 14 5 4 3 2 5 91 24 5 5 5 4 4 32 34 5 5 5 3 3 12 44 4 4 4 4 4 02 54 4 5 4 4 5 22 64 4 5 4 4 4 12 74 4 5 4 4 5 22 84 5 5 5 4 4 32 94 5 4 4 3 3 91 05 4 5 5 3 4 12 15 4 4 4 4 4 02 25 5 5 5 4 4 32 35 5 5 5 4 4 32 45 5 5 5 4 4 32 55 4 4 4 5 5 22 65 5 4 4 5 5 32 75 4 4 4 4 4 02 85 4 4 4 4 4 02 95 4 4 4 4 4 02 06 4 4 4 4 4 02 16 5 4 4 5 5 32 26 4 4 4 4 4 02 36 5 5 4 4 4 22 46 5 5 5 5 5 52 56 5 4 5 5 4 32 66 4 5 4 4 5 22 76 1 2 4 1 1 9 86 5 4 5 3 2 91 96 4 4 4 5 4 12 07 4 5 4 4 4 12 17 4 4 3 4 4 91 27 4 4 4 4 4 02 37 2 2 2 2 2 01 47 5 5 4 3 3 02 57 4 4 4 4 4 02 67 1 1 2 1 1 6 77 4 4 4 4 4 02 87 1 4 2 4 4 51 97 4 4 4 4 5 12


241

08 1 2 2 2 4 11 18 1 2 2 2 4 11 28 4 4 4 4 4 02 38 4 5 5 5 5 42 48 4 5 5 5 5 42 58 5 5 4 5 4 32 68 2 4 2 2 2 21 78 4 5 5 5 5 42 88 4 5 5 5 5 42 98 4 5 5 5 5 42 09 5 5 5 5 5 52 19 5 4 4 5 5 32 29 4 4 4 4 4 02 39 5 5 4 4 4 22 49 5 5 5 5 5 52 59 5 4 5 5 4 32

halmuJ 193 404 593 973 683 5591 ataR - atar 987511.4 236252.4 598751.4 474989.3 851360.4 59875.02


341

ajrenik ataD

oN 1.1Y 2.1Y 3.1Y 4.1Y 5.1Y 6.1Y 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 3 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 9 5 5 4 5 5 4 01 4 4 4 4 4 4 11 4 4 4 4 4 4 21 5 4 3 2 3 4 31 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 51 5 4 5 5 5 4 61 4 4 4 4 4 4 71 5 4 5 5 5 4 81 5 4 4 5 5 4 91 3 2 4 4 4 4 02 3 4 3 4 3 3 12 4 4 4 4 4 4 22 4 4 4 4 4 4 32 4 5 4 4 5 5 42 4 4 4 4 4 4 52 4 4 4 5 4 5 62 4 4 4 4 4 4 72 4 4 4 5 4 4 82 5 4 4 4 4 4 92 4 4 4 4 4 4 03 4 4 4 3 4 4 13 4 5 5 5 4 4 23 4 4 5 4 4 4 33 4 4 4 4 4 4 43 4 4 4 4 4 4


441

53 4 5 4 4 4 5 63 4 4 5 4 4 2 73 4 4 4 4 4 4 83 5 5 5 5 5 5 93 3 3 4 4 4 4 04 4 4 4 4 4 4 14 5 5 4 4 5 5 24 4 4 4 5 4 4 34 4 4 3 3 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 5 4 54 4 4 4 4 5 4 64 4 5 5 4 4 4 74 4 4 4 4 5 5 84 5 4 4 4 4 4 94 3 4 3 3 4 5 05 4 4 4 4 4 4 15 4 4 4 4 4 4 25 4 4 4 5 4 4 35 4 4 4 3 4 4 45 4 3 3 5 5 4 55 3 4 4 3 4 4 65 3 3 3 3 3 3 75 4 4 3 3 4 4 85 4 4 4 4 4 4 95 4 4 4 4 4 4 06 4 4 4 4 4 4 16 4 4 4 4 5 4 26 4 4 4 3 4 4 36 4 4 4 4 4 4 46 4 4 4 4 4 4 56 5 5 5 5 5 5 66 5 4 4 5 5 4 76 4 4 4 4 4 4 86 4 4 5 5 5 2 96 5 5 5 5 5 4 07 4 4 4 4 4 4


541

17 4 4 4 3 4 4 27 4 4 4 4 4 4 37 4 4 4 4 3 4 47 4 4 5 4 3 4 57

4 4 4 4 4

67 4 4 3 4 5 4 77 4 4 4 4 4 5 87 4 4 4 4 4 4 97 5 5 4 4 4 5 08 4 4 4 4 4 4 18 4 4 4 4 4 4 28 4 4 4 4 4 4 38 5 5 5 5 5 5 48 5 5 4 4 5 5 58 5 5 5 5 5 5 68 4 4 4 4 4 4 78 5 5 5 5 5 5 88 5 5 5 5 5 5 98 5 5 5 5 5 5 09 5 5 5 5 5 5 19 4 4 4 4 5 4 29 4 4 4 3 4 4 39 4 4 4 4 4 4 49 4 4 4 4 4 4 59 5 5 5 5 5 5

halmuj 193 293 883 983 993 093


641

oN 7.1Y 8.1Y 9.1Y 01.1Y 11.1Y Y 21.1 Y 1 2 2 2 5 5 5 33 2 5 5 5 5 4 5 95 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 15 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 24 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 05 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 9 4 5 5 4 5 5 65 01 4 4 4 5 4 4 94 11 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 21 5 4 3 4 3 4 44 31 4 4 4 4 3 4 74 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 51 4 5 5 4 5 4 55 61 4 4 4 4 5 5 05 71 4 5 5 5 4 5 65 81 5 5 5 5 4 4 55 91 3 3 3 2 2 1 53 02 4 3 4 4 5 4 44 12 4 4 4 4 3 4 74 22 4 4 2 4 4 4 64 32 4 4 5 4 4 5 35 42 4 4 4 3 4 4 74 52 4 5 4 4 3 5 15 62 4 4 4 4 3 4 74 72 4 4 4 4 4 4 94 82 4 4 4 4 5 4 05 92 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 03 4 4 4 4 4 4 74 13 4 4 4 5 4 5 35 23 5 5 4 4 4 4 15 33 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 43 4 4 4 4 4 4 84


741

53 4 4 4 4 4 5 15 63 4 4 4 4 4 4 74 73 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 83 4 5 5 4 5 5 85 93 4 3 3 5 5 5 74 04 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 14 5 4 4 4 3 4 25 24 3 4 5 5 4 5 15 34 4 4 3 3 3 4 24 44 4 4 4 4 3 4 84 54 4 5 4 4 3 5 05 64 3 4 4 4 3 4 84 74 4 5 4 4 3 4 05 84 4 4 4 3 3 5 84 94 4 4 3 2 3 4 24 05 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 15 4 4 4 3 3 4 64 25 4 4 4 3 4 4 84 35 4 4 4 3 4 4 64 45 4 4 5 4 4 3 84 55 4 4 3 1 2 3 93 65 3 3 3 3 3 3 63 75 4 4 3 3 3 4 34 85 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 95 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 06 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 16 4 4 4 5 4 4 05 26 4 3 4 3 3 4 44 36 4 4 4 5 5 5 15 46 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 56 5 5 5 5 5 5 06 66 5 5 4 3 4 5 35 76 4 4 4 2 2 4 44 86 4 4 3 3 3 5 74 96 4 4 4 4 4 4 35 07 4 4 4 4 3 4 74


841

17 4 4 4 4 3 4 64 27 4 4 4 4 3 4 74 37 4 3 4 3 3 3 34 47 4 5 3 4 4 4 84 57 4 4 4 4 4 5 54 67 4 2 2 1 1 2 63 77 4 5 4 5 4 4 15 87 4 4 4 2 4 4 64 97 4 4 4 4 4 5 25 08 4 4 4 2 4 4 64 18 4 4 4 2 4 4 64 28 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 38 5 5 5 5 4 5 95 48 5 5 5 5 4 5 75 58 5 5 5 5 4 5 95 68 4 4 4 5 5 4 05 78 5 5 5 5 4 5 95 88 5 5 5 5 4 5 95 98 5 5 5 5 4 5 95 09 5 4 4 4 4 5 65 19 4 4 4 5 4 4 05 29 4 3 4 3 3 4 44 39 4 4 4 5 5 5 15 49 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 59 5 5 5 5 5 5 06

J halmu 983 093 083 173 163 104 1464


941

V NARIPMAL

ATAD

LEBAIRAV IROGETAKNEDNOPSER


841

.ETUCEXE

f e d c b a=SELBAIRAV SEICNEUQERF .SISYLANA=REDRO/

seicneuqerF

)1 scitsitatS

nahitaleP

natamalesekajrek

isakilbuP natamalesek

ajrek

lortnoK nagnukgnil

ajrek nasawagneP

nilpisid nad

natakgnineP naradasek

3K ajreniK N dilaV 59 59 59 59 59 59

gnissiM 0 0 0 0 0 0

elbaT ycneuqerF

)2 ajrek natamalesek nahitaleP


evitalumuCtnecreP

dilaV ujutes kadit tagnaS 2 1.2 1.2 5.9 ujutes kadiT 5 3.5 3.5 4.7

lamroN 2 1.2 1.2 1.2 ujuteS 13 6.23 6.23 0.001

utes tagnaS uj 55 9.75 9.75 4.76 latoT 59 0.001 0.001

)3 ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP


evitalumuCtnecreP

dilaV ujutes kadit tagnaS 0 0 0 5.9 ujutes kadiT 1 1.1 1.1 4.7

lamroN 5 3.5 3.5 1.2 ujuteS 13 6.23 6.23 0.001

es tagnaS ujut 85 1.16 1.16 4.76 latoT 59 0.001 0.001


941

)4 ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK


evitalumuCtnecreP

dilaV ujutes kadit tagnaS 1 1.1 1.1 3.52 ujutes kadiT 4 2.4 2.4 2.42

lamroN 91 0.02 0.02 0.02 ujuteS 84 5.05 5.05 0.001

ujutes tagnaS 32 2.42 2.42 5.94 latoT 59 0.001 0.001

)5 nilpisid nad nasawagneP


evitalumuCtnecreP

dilaV ujutes kadit tagnaS 0 0 0 0 ujutes kadiT 1 1.1 1.1 4.7

lamroN 9 5.9 5.9 1.2 ujuteS 83 0.04 0.04 0.001

ujutes tagnaS 74 5.94 5.94 4.76 latoT 59 0.001 0.001

)6 3K naradasek natakgnineP


evitalumuCtnecreP

dilaV ujutes kadit tagnaS 0 0 0 0 ujutes kadiT 8 4.8 4.8 4.7

lamroN 4 2.4 2.4 1.2 ujuteS 74 5.94 5.94 0.001

aS ujutes tagn 63 9.73 9.73 4.76 latoT 59 0.001 0.001


051

)7 ajreniK


evitalumuCtnecreP

dilaV ujutes kadit tagnaS 0 0 0 0 ujutes kadiT 0 0 0 4.7

lamroN 5 3.5 3.5 1.2 ujuteS 16 2.46 2.46 0.001

ujutes tagnaS 92 5.03 03 5. 4.76 latoT 59 0.001 0.001

5X 4X 3X 2X 1X=SELBAIRAV SEVITPIRCSED

.XAM NIM VEDDTS NAEM=SCITSITATS/

sevitpircseD

)8 scitsitatS evitpircseD N muminiM mumixaM naeM noitaiveD .dtS

natamalesek nahitaleP 59 02.1 00.5 8511.4 32947. amalesek isakilbuP ajrek nat 59 00.2 00.5 1242.4 40605.

ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 59 00.1 00.5 2367.3 09076. nilpisid nad nasawagneP 59 04.2 00.5 9730.4 83165.

3K naradasek natakgnineP 59 00.2 00.5 4869.3 13246. )esiwtsil( N dilaV 59


151

NARIPMAL IV U IJ V SATIDILA D NA

R SATILIBAILE


SNOITALERROC 1X 5.1x 4.1x 3.1x 2.1x 1.1x=SELBAIRAV/ GISON LIATOWT=TNIRP/ .ESIWRIAP=GNISSIM/

snoitalerroC

snoitalerroC 1.1x 2.1x 3.1x 4.1x 5.1x natamalesek nahitaleP

1.1x noitalerroC nosraeP 1 836. ** 017. ** 936. ** 035. ** 458. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59

2.1x noitalerroC nosraeP 836. ** 1 736. ** 855. ** 985. ** 418. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59

3.1x noitalerroC nosraeP 017. ** 736. ** 1 636. ** 705. ** 438. **

2( .giS - deliat ) 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59

4.1x noitalerroC nosraeP 936. ** 855. ** 636. ** 1 547. ** 068. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59

5.1x noitalerroC nosraeP 035. ** 985. ** 705. ** 547. ** 1 508. **

2( .giS - liat )de 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59

natamalesek nahitaleP noitalerroC nosraeP 458. ** 418. ** 438. ** 068. ** 508. ** 1

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59


snoitalerroC 1.1x 2.1x 3.1x 4.1x 5.1x natamalesek nahitaleP


2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59

2.1x noitalerroC nosraeP 836. ** 1 736. ** 855. ** 985. ** 418. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59


2( .giS - deliat ) 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59

4.1x noitalerroC nosraeP 936. ** 855. ** 636. ** 1 547. ** 068. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59


2( .giS - liat )de 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59

natamalesek nahitaleP noitalerroC nosraeP 458. ** 418. ** 438. ** 068. ** 508. ** 1

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59

2( level 10.0 eht ta tnacifingis si noitalerroC .** - liat .)de


2X 5.2x 4.2x 3.2x 2.2x 1.2x=SELBAIRAV/ GISON LIATOWT=TNIRP/ .ESIWRIAP=GNISSIM/

snoitalerroC snoitalerroC

1.2x 2.2x 3.2x 4.2x 5.2x ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP


2( .giS - at )deli 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

2.2x noitalerroC nosraeP 334. ** 1 936. ** 632. * 682. ** 376. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 120. 500. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59


2( .giS -t )delia 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

4.2x noitalerroC nosraeP 184. ** 632. * 405. ** 1 294. ** 057. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 120. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59


2( .giS - )deliat 000. 500. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP noitalerroC nosraeP 977. ** 376. ** 218. ** 057. ** 817. ** 1

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59


snoitalerroC 1.2x 2.2x 3.2x 4.2x 5.2x ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP


2( .giS - at )deli 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

2.2x noitalerroC nosraeP 334. ** 1 936. ** 632. * 682. ** 376. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 120. 500. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59


2( .giS -t )delia 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

4.2x noitalerroC nosraeP 184. ** 632. * 405. ** 1 294. ** 057. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 120. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59


2( .giS - )deliat 000. 500. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP noitalerroC nosraeP 977. ** 376. ** 218. ** 057. ** 817. ** 1

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

vel 10.0 eht ta tnacifingis si noitalerroC .** 2( le - .)deliat 2( level 50.0 eht ta tnacifingis si noitalerroC .* - .)deliat


SNOITALERROC 3X 6.3x 5.3x 4.3x 3.3x 2.3x 1.3x=SELBAIRAV/ GISON LIATOWT=TNIRP/ .ESIWRIAP=GNISSIM/

snoitalerroC

snoitalerroC

1.3x 2.3x 3.3x 4.3x 5.3x 6.3x gnukgnil lortnoK ajrek na 1.3x noitalerroC nosraeP 1 903. ** 471. 892. ** 624. ** 944. ** 965. **

2( .giS - )deliat 200. 290. 300. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59

2.3x noitalerroC nosraeP 903. ** 1 526. ** 564. ** 273. ** 275. ** 367. ** 2( .giS - )deliat 200. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 3.3x noitalerroC nosraeP 471. 526. ** 1 316. ** 734. ** 294. ** 667. **

2( .giS - )deliat 290. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59

4.3x noitalerroC nosraeP 892. ** 564. ** 316. ** 1 665. ** 654. ** 877. ** iS 2( .g - )deliat 300. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 5.3x noitalerroC nosraeP 624. ** 273. ** 734. ** 665. ** 1 484. ** 447. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59


6.3x noitalerroC nosraeP 944. ** 275. ** 4. 29 ** 654. ** 484. ** 1 987. ** 2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK noitalerroC nosraeP 965. ** 367. ** 667. ** 877. ** 447. ** 987. ** 1

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 95 59 59 59

2( level 10.0 eht ta tnacifingis si noitalerroC .** - .)deliat


SNOITALERROC 4X 5.4x 4.4x 3.4x 2.4x 1.4x=SELBAIRAV/ GISON LIATOWT=TNIRP/ .ESIWRIAP=GNISSIM/

snoitalerroC

snoitalerroC

1.4x 2.4x 3.4x 4.4x 5.4x

nasawagneP nad nilpisid

1.4x noitalerroC nosraeP 1 291. 713. ** 042. * - 730. 914. **

2( .giS - )deliat 260. 200. 910. 427. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

2.4x noitalerroC nosraeP 291. 1 982. ** 134. ** 074. ** 207. **

2( .giS - )deliat 260. 400. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 95 59 59 59


2( .giS - )deliat 200. 400. 000. 100. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

4.4x noitalerroC nosraeP 042. * 134. ** 974. ** 1 685. ** 708. **

2( .giS - )deliat 910. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

5.4x noitalerroC nosraeP - 730. 074. ** 723. ** 685. ** 1 857. **

2( .giS - )deliat 427. 000. 100. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59


nilpisid nad nasawagneP noitalerroC nosraeP 914. ** 207. ** 996. ** 708. ** 857. ** 1

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59 59

2( level 10.0 eht ta tnacifingis si noitalerroC .** - .)deliat 2( level 50.0 eht ta tnacifingis si noitalerroC .* - .)deliat


SNOITALERROC 5X 4.5x 3.5x 2.5x 1.5x=SELBAIRAV/ GISON LIATOWT=TNIRP/ SIM/ .ESIWRIAP=GNIS

snoitalerroC

snoitalerroC

1.5x 2.5x 3.5x 4.5x

natakgnineP 3K naradasek

1.5x noitalerroC nosraeP 1 875. ** 125. ** 725. ** 697. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59

2.5x noitalerroC nosraeP 875. ** 1 716. ** 785. ** 8. 44 **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59

3.5x noitalerroC nosraeP 125. ** 716. ** 1 435. ** 318. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59

4.5x noitalerroC nosraeP 725. ** 785. ** 435. ** 1 128. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59

3K naradasek natakgnineP noitalerroC nosraeP 697. ** 448. ** 318. ** 128. ** 1

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59


snoitalerroC

1.5x 2.5x 3.5x 4.5x

natakgnineP 3K naradasek

1.5x noitalerroC nosraeP 1 875. ** 125. ** 725. ** 697. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59

2.5x noitalerroC nosraeP 875. ** 1 716. ** 785. ** 8. 44 **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59

3.5x noitalerroC nosraeP 125. ** 716. ** 1 435. ** 318. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59

4.5x noitalerroC nosraeP 725. ** 785. ** 435. ** 1 128. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59

3K naradasek natakgnineP noitalerroC nosraeP 697. ** 448. ** 318. ** 128. ** 1

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000.

N 59 59 59 59 59

2( level 10.0 eht ta tnacifingis si noitalerroC .** - .)deliat


SNOITALERROC RAV/ Y 21.1y 11.1y 01.1y 9.1y 8.1y 7.1y 6.1y 5.1y 4.1y 3.1y 2.1y 1.1y=SELBAI GISON LIATOWT=TNIRP/ .ESIWRIAP=GNISSIM/

snoitalerroC

snoitalerroC

1.1y 2.1y 3.1y 4.1y 5.1y 6.1y 7.1y 8.1y 9.1y 01.1y 11.1y 21.1y ajreniK 1.1y nosraeP

noitalerroC 1 395. ** 64. 7 ** 654. ** 325. ** 524. ** 385. ** 535. ** 405. ** 642. * 041. 752. * 676. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 610. 571. 210. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59

2.1y nosraePnoitalerroC

395. ** 1 416. ** 354. ** 225. ** 326. ** . 116 ** 345. ** 375. ** 092. ** 081. 115. ** 957. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 400. 080. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59


764. ** 416. ** 1 556. ** 045. ** 743. ** 564. ** 906. ** 565. ** 933. ** 132. * 363. ** 927. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 100. 000. 000. 000. 100. 420. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59


654. ** 354. ** 556. ** 1 366. ** 133. ** 704. ** 265. ** 426. ** 733. ** 392. ** 043. ** 037. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 100. 000. 000. 000. 100. 400. 100. 000.


N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 5.1y nosraeP

noitalerroC 325. ** 225. ** 045. ** 366. ** 1 484. ** 165. ** 855. ** 675. ** 212. * 240. 162. * 786. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 0. 00 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 930. 686. 110. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59


524. ** 326. ** 743. ** 133. ** 484. ** 1 755. ** 925. ** 694. ** 612. * 740. 262. * 216. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 100. 100. 000. 000. 0. 00 000. 630. 256. 010. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59


385. ** 116. ** 564. ** 704. ** 165. ** 755. ** 1 316. ** 074. ** 732. * 901. 723. ** 086. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 120. 492. 100. 0. 00 N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59


535. ** 345. ** 906. ** 265. ** 855. ** 925. ** 316. ** 1 246. ** 104. ** 372. ** 884. ** 997. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 700. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59


405. ** 375. ** 565. ** 426. ** 675. ** 694. ** 074. ** 246. ** 1 384. ** 404. ** 734. ** 518. **

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 95


642. * 092. ** 933. ** 733. ** 212. * 612. * 732. * 104. ** 384. ** 1 726. ** 375. ** 646. **


2( .giS - )deliat 610. 400. 100. 100. 930. 630. 120. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59

11.1y nosraePtalerroC noi

041. 081. 132. * 392. ** 240. 740. 901. 372. ** 404. ** 726. ** 1 245. ** 615. **

2( .giS - )deliat 571. 080. 420. 400. 686. 256. 492. 700. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59


752. * 115. ** 363. ** 043. ** . 162 * 262. * 723. ** 884. ** 734. ** 375. ** 245. ** 1 566. **

2( .giS - )deliat 210. 000. 000. 100. 110. 010. 100. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59

ajreniK nosraePnoitalerroC

676. ** 957. ** 927. ** 037. ** 786. ** 216. ** 086. ** 997. ** 518. ** 646. ** 615. ** 566. ** 1

2( .giS - )deliat 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. N 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59

2( level 10.0 eht ta tnacifingis si noitalerroC .** - .)deliat a tnacifingis si noitalerroC .* 2( level 50.0 eht t - .)deliat


561

YTILIBAILER 4.1x 3.1x 2.1x 1.1x=SELBAIRAV/

5.1x LLA )'SELBAIRAV LLA'(ELACS/ .AHPLA=LEDOM/

ytilibaileR SELBAIRAV LLA :elacS

)3 yrammuS gnissecorP esaC N %

sesaC dilaV 59 0.001 dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 59 0.001 selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

.erudecorp eht ni

)4 sitatS ytilibaileR scit

s'hcabnorCahplA smetI fo N

988. 5


5.2x LLA )'SELBAIRAV LLA'(ELACS/ .AHPLA=LEDOM/

SELBAIRAV LLA :elacS


6.3x 5.3x LLA )'SELBAIRAV LLA'(ELACS/ EDOM/ .AHPLA=L

ytilibaileR




latoT 59 0.001 ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

.erudecorp eht

)6 scitsitatS ytilibaileR


338. 6



latoT 59 0.001 selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

.erudecorp eht ni

)2 scitsitatS ytilibaileR s'hcabnorC

ahplA smetI fo N 108. 5


661

YTILIBAILER

4.4x 3.4x 2.4x 1.4x=SELBAIRAV/5.4x

LLA )'SELBAIRAV LLA'(ELACS/ .AHPLA=LEDOM/

ytilibaileR


)9 yrammuS gnissecorP esaC

N % sesaC dilaV 59 0.001

dedulcxE a 0 0. latoT 59 0.001

selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a.erudecorp eht ni

)01 R scitsitatS ytilibaile


217. 5

YTILIBAILER 4.5x 3.5x 2.5x 1.5x=SELBAIRAV/ LLA )'SELBAIRAV LLA'(ELACS/

.AHPLA=LEDOM/

tilibaileR


YTILIBAILER 4.1y 3.1y 2.1y 1.1y=SELBAIRAV/

y 8.1y 7.1y 6.1y 5.1y 11.1y 01.1y 9.121.1y

LLA )'SELBAIRAV LLA'(ELACS/ .AHPLA=LEDOM/

ytilibaileR




latoT 59 0.001 ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

.erudecorp eht

)21 eR scitsitatS ytilibail s'hcabnorC




latoT 59 0.001 lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

ecorp eht ni selbairav .erud

)8 scitsitatS ytilibaileR s'hcabnorC



761

N 2- deliat 1- deliat N 2- deliat 1- deliat 3 9699.0 7789.0 35 4072.0 2822.0 4 0059.0 0009.0 45 9762.0 1622.0 5 3878.0 4508.0 55 4562.0 0422.0 6 4118.0 3927.0 65 0362.0 9122.0 7 5457.0 4966.0 75 7062.0 9912.0 8 7607.0 5126.0 85 4852.0 0812.0 9 4666.0 2285.0 95 2652.0 1612.0 01 9136.0 4945.0 06 0452.0 3412.0 11 1206.0 4125.0 16 9152.0 5212.0 21 0675.0 3794.0 26 942.0 9 7012.0 31 9255.0 2674.0 36 9742.0 0902.0 41 4235.0 5754.0 46 9542.0 4702.0 51 0415.0 9044.0 56 0442.0 7502.0 61 3794.0 9524.0 66 1242.0 1402.0 71 1284.0 4214.0 76 3042.0 6202.0 81 3864.0 0004.0 86 5832.0 1102.0 91 0 5554. 7883.0 96 8632.0 6991.0 02 8344.0 3873.0 07 1532.0 1891.0 12 9234.0 7863.0 17 4332.0 7691.0 22 7224.0 8953.0 27 8132.0 3591.0 32 2314.0 5153.0 37 2032.0 0491.0 42 4404.0 8343.0 47 6822.0 6291.0 52 1693.0 5633.0 75 1722.0 3191.0 62 2883.0 7923.0 67 6522.0 0091.0 72 9083.0 3323.0 77 1422.0 8881.0 82 9373.0 2713.0 87 6222.0 6781.0 92 3763.0 5113.0 97 2122.0 4681.0 03 0163.0 1603.0 08 8912.0 2581.0 13 0553.0 9003.0 18 5812.0 481.0 0 23 4943.0 0692.0 28 1712.0 9281.0 33 0443.0 3192.0 38 8512.0 7181.0 43 8833.0 9682.0 48 5412.0 6081.0 53 8333.0 6282.0 58 2312.0 6971.0 63 1923.0 5872.0 68 0212.0 5871.0 73 6423.0 6472.0 78 7012.0 5771.0 83 2023.0 0 9072. 88 5902.0 4671.0 93 0613.0 3762.0 98 4802.0 4571.0 04 0213.0 8362.0 09 2702.0 4471.0 14 1803.0 5062.0 19 0602.0 5371.0 24 4403.0 3752.0 29 9402.0 5271.0 34 8003.0 2452.0 39 8302.0 6171.0 44 3792.0 2152.0 49 202.0 7 7071.0 54 0492.0 3842.0 59 6102.0 7961.0 64 7092.0 5542.0 69 6002.0 8861.0 74 6782.0 9242.0 79 5991.0 0861.0 84 5482.0 3042.0 89 5891.0 1761.0 94 6182.0 7732.0 99 5791.0 2661.0 05 7872.0 3532.0 001 5691.0 4561.0 15 9572.0 9232.0 101 5591.0 6461.0 25 2372.0 6032.0 201 6491.0 8361.0

TNEMOM TCUDORP NOSRAEP ISALEROK LEBAT ADAP % 5


861

IIV NARIPMAL A ISMUS K KISAL


961

STSET RAPN K/ - 1_ERZ=)LAMRON(S .SISYLANA GNISSIM/

stseT raPN

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS

dezidradnatSlaudiseR

N 59 sretemaraP lamroN b,a naeM 0000000.

noitaiveD .dtS 68040379. emertxE tsoM

secnereffiD etulosbA 511.

evitisoP 601. evitageN - 511.

vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 421.1 2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 061.

.lamroN si noitubirtsid tseT .a .atad morf detaluclaC .b


071

NOISSERGER ESIWTSIL GNISSIM/ LOT NILLOC AVONA R STUO FFEOC SCITSITATS/ )01.(TUOP )50.(NIP=AIRETIRC/ NIGIROON/ DISERBA TNEDNEPED/ 5X 4X 3X 2X 1X RETNE=DOHTEM/ )DERPZ*, DISERS*(=TOLPRETTACS/ .)DISERZ(BORPMRON SLAUDISER/

noissergeR )1 devomeR/deretnE selbairaV b

ledoM deretnE selbairaV selbairaV

devomeR dohteM 1 isakilbuP , 3K naradasek natakgnineP

, natamalesek nahitaleP , ajrek natamalesek nad nasawagneP , ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK

nilpisid

. retnE

.deretne selbairav detseuqer llA .a DISERBA :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

)2 yrammuS ledoM b

ledoM R erauqS R R detsujdA

erauqS fo rorrE .dtS

etamitsE eht D nibru -

nostaW 1 753. a 821. 670. 39732. 164.1

natamalesek isakilbuP , 3K naradasek natakgnineP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a nad nasawagneP , ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK , natamalesek nahitaleP , ajrek

nilpisid diserba :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

)3 yrammuS ledoM b



etamitsE eht 1 853. a 821. 970. 83532.


171

)2 yrammuS ledoM b



etamitsE eht D nibru -

nostaW 1 753. a 821. 670. 39732. 164.1

isakilbuP , 3K naradasek natakgnineP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a nagnukgnil lortnoK , natamalesek nahitaleP , ajrek natamalesek

nilpisid nad nasawagneP , ajrek epeD .b DISERBA :elbairaV tnedn

)4 AVONA b

ledoM serauqS fo muS fd erauqS naeM F .giS 1 noissergeR 527. 5 541. 616.2 030. a

laudiseR 139.4 98 550. latoT 656.5 49

, ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP , 3K naradasek natakgnineP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .aahitaleP nilpisid nad nasawagneP , ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK , natamalesek n

DISERBA :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

)5 stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

dezidradnatsnUstneiciffeoC

dezidradnatSstneiciffeoC

t .giS

ytiraenilloCscitsitatS

B rorrE .dtS ateB cnareloT

e FIV 1 tnatsnoC( ) - 524. 132. - 248.1 960.

natamalesek nahitaleP 940. 830. 151. 892.1 891. 427 083.1 ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 080. 060. 561. 033.1 781. . 185.1

ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK - 910. 050. - 150. - 073. 317. 515. 449.1 nilpisid nad nasawagneP 290. 70. 6 112. 712.1 722. 523. 870.3

3K naradasek natakgnineP - 930. 150. - 301. - 477. 144. 455. 608.1 DISERBA :elbairaV tnednepeD .a


271

)6 scitsongaiD ytiraenilloC a

doMle

isnemiDno

avnegiEeul

itidnoC noxednI

snoitroporP ecnairaV

natsnoC()t

nahitalePalesek am nat

sakilbuP i

malesek nata ajrek

lortnoKnukgnil

nag ajrek

sawagneP nad na nilpisid

akgnineP nat

aradasek 3K n

1 1 539.5 000.1 00. 00. 00. 00. 00. 00 2 320. 131.61 00. 06. 10. 40. 10. 81. 3 710. 997.81 22. 80. 60. 44. 00. 10. 4 410. 239.02 40. 03. 11. 22. 00. 34. 5 700. 860.92 16. 20. 04. 81. 71. 00. 6 400. 587.63 31. 00. 34. 11. 18. 93.

DISERBA :elbairaV tnednepeD .a

)7 scitsitatS slaudiseR a

muminiM mumixaM naeM noitaiveD .dtS N eulaV detciderP - 7621. 6434. 6562. 08780. 59 V detciderP .dtS eula - 864.4 529.1 000. 000.1 59

eulaV detciderP fo rorrE dradnatS 720. 951. 450. 420. 59 eulaV detciderP detsujdA - 2522. 6224. 5062. 47890. 59

laudiseR - 24053. 00279. 00000. 40922. 59 laudiseR .dtS - 984.1 921.4 000. 379. 59 laudiseR .dutS - 745.1 492.4 010. 600.1 59

laudiseR deteleD - 25873. 32150.1 50500. 13542. 59 laudiseR deteleD .dutS - 065.1 697.4 810. 630.1 59

ecnatsiD .lahaM 022. 399.14 749.4 184.6 59 ecnatsiD s'kooC 000. 152. 210. 330. 59

eulaV egareveL deretneC 200. 744. 350. 960. 59

peD .a DISERBA :elbairaV tnedne


371

strahC 1 . rabmaG


471

2 .rabmaG


571

IIIV NARIPMAL R ISERGE


NOISSERGER

ESIWTSIL GNISSIM/ LOT NILLOC AVONA R STUO FFEOC SCITSITATS/ )01.(TUOP )50.(NIP=AIRETIRC/ NIGIROON/ Y TNEDNEPED/ 5X 4X 3X 2X 1X RETNE=DOHTEM/ NIBRUD SLAUDISER/ .DISER EVAS/

noissergeR

)1 devomeR/deretnE selbairaV b

ledoM elbairaV deretnE s selbairaV

devomeR dohteM 1 , 3K naradasek natakgnineP

, ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP , natamalesek nahitaleP

, ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK nilpisid nad nasawagneP

. retnE

.deretne selbairav detseuqer llA .a ajreniK :elbairaV tnednepeD .b


)2 edoM yrammuS l b



etamitsE eht nibruD -nostaW

1 485. a 243. 503. 95273. 654.1 natamalesek isakilbuP , 3K naradasek natakgnineP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

, ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK , natamalesek nahitaleP , ajrek nad nasawagneP nilpisid


)3 AVONA b

ledoM fo muS

serauqS fd erauqS naeM F .giS 1 noissergeR 804.6 5 282.1 232.9 000. a

laudiseR 553.21 98 931. latoT 367.81 49


)3 AVONA b

ledoM fo muS

serauqS fd erauqS naeM F .giS 1 noissergeR 804.6 5 282.1 232.9 000. a

laudiseR 553.21 98 931. latoT 367.81 49

, 3K naradasek natakgnineP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a nahitaleP , ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP nilpisid nad nasawagneP , ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK , natamalesek


)4 stneiciffeoC a

ledoM stneiciffeoC dezidradnatsnU


t .giS scitsitatS ytiraenilloC

B .dtS rorrE ateB ecnareloT FIV 1 )tnatsnoC( 661.2 563. 739.5 000.

natamalesek nahitaleP 721. 060. 312. 301.2 830. 427. 083.1 ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 050. 590. 750. 425. 206. 236. 185.1

ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 100. 080. 200. 610. 789. 515. 9.1 44 nilpisid nad nasawagneP - 180. 021. - 201. - 576. 205. 523. 870.3

3K naradasek natakgnineP 673. 080. 145. 086.4 000. 455. 608.1


)4 stneiciffeoC a

ledoM stneiciffeoC dezidradnatsnU


t .giS scitsitatS ytiraenilloC

B .dtS rorrE ateB ecnareloT FIV 1 )tnatsnoC( 661.2 563. 739.5 000.

natamalesek nahitaleP 721. 060. 312. 301.2 830. 427. 083.1 ajrek natamalesek isakilbuP 050. 590. 750. 425. 206. 236. 185.1

ajrek nagnukgnil lortnoK 100. 080. 200. 610. 789. 515. 9.1 44 nilpisid nad nasawagneP - 180. 021. - 201. - 576. 205. 523. 870.3

3K naradasek natakgnineP 673. 080. 145. 086.4 000. 455. 608.1 ajreniK :elbairaV tnednepeD .a


)5 scitsongaiD ytiraenilloC a

ledoM noisnemiD ulavnegiE

e noitidnoC

xednI

itroporP ecnairaV sno

)tnatsnoC( nahitaleP

natamalesek

isakilbuP natamalesek

ajrek

lortnoK nagnukgnil

ajrek nasawagneP nilpisid nad

natakgnineP naradasek

3K 1 1 539.5 000.1 00. 00. 00. 00. 00. 00.

2 320. 131.61 00. 06. 10. 40. 10. 81. 3 710. 997.81 22. 80. 0. 6 44. 00. 10. 4 410. 239.02 40. 03. 11. 22. 00. 34. 5 700. 860.92 16. 20. 04. 81. 71. 00. 6 400. 587.63 31. 00. 34. 11. 18. 93.

ajreniK :elbairaV tnednepeD .a


)6 scitsitatS slaudiseR a

muminiM mumixaM naeM noitaiveD .dtS N eulaV detciderP 5341.3 5405.4 1170.4 01162. 59

laudiseR - 65604.1 20827. 00000. 45263. 59 detciderP .dtS

eulaV - 355.3 066.1 000. 000.1 59

laudiseR .dtS - 577.3 459.1 000. 379. 59 ajreniK :elbairaV tnednepeD .a


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