wpa sho p4
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Work place assignmentrTRANSCRIPT
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Report of Hazards
at the Construction Site
of NS Construction Sdn. Bhd.
By
Index No: NS4367
IC NO: 620121-71-5465
Safety and Health Office !xa"ination #2$200%&
'a(e III 'at 2: )o*(lace +,,in"ent
1% ./ne 2007- 31 ./ne 2007
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PERAKUAN TUGASAN TEMPAT KERA
!"RKP#ACE ASS$GNMENT %ER$&$CAT$"N
+dalah denan ini ,aya "ena*/ ahaa do*/"en ini di,edia*an /nt/* 'e(ei*,aan
'eaai e,ela"atan dan e,ihatan adalah eda,a*an ha,il *ea a,al ,aya ,endii *ec/ali
,ed/tan ata/ (eti*an
I heey cetify that thi, doc/"ent (e(aed fo the Safety and Health Office !xa"ination
i, a,ed on "y oiinal o* exce(t fo citation and /otation "ade
andatanan :
Sinat/e
No ad 'enenalan :
ICNo
No Inde*, :
Index No
ai*h : 21 ./ly 2007
8ate
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Ta'(e of Contents
No Tit(e Pa)e
!"RKP#ACE ASS$GNMENT %ER$&$CAT$"N 2
10 ABSTRACT 4
20 $NTR"*UCT$"N 5
30 "BECT$%E %
40 METH"* 9
41 Haad Identification 9
42 ;i,* +,,e,,"ent 10
50 RESU#T AN* *$SCUSS$"N 14
51 <i,t of Haad, 14
52 'ioitiin Haad 14
53 I"(act on the "o,t citical haad 1%
60 REC"MMEN*AT$"N 19
61 Contol =ea,/e, 19
62 ;e>ie 22
63 Benefit, 23
70 RE&ERENCES+RES"URCES 24
%0 APPEN*$, A - "RGAN$AT$"N CHART
APPEN*$, B - SA&ET/ AN* HEA#TH C"MM$TTEE CHART
APPEN*$, C - P$CTURES
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10 ABSTRACT
hi, e(ot atte"(t, to identify all haad, at a cho,en o*(lace that lead, to i,*,
and ho ,afety and health "ea,/e, co/ld in ao/t eneficial end e,/lt, y
containin o (e>entin the,e i,*, fo" inin ha" to the o*e, and the
oaniation he o*(lace identified in the a,,in"ent that co/ld conti/te to
hih i,*, and ha" i, the ?)o*in +t Heiht@ and ?Noi,e@ at a Con,t/ction Site
he e(ot ,et, o/t to identify the "any fo", of haad, at the o*(lace and a fe
,/itale techni/e, that ee ,elected to ta/late the i,*, in>ol>ed he i,*
a,,e,,"ent (oce,, a, /,ed a, the "ain techni/e to acce,, and e>al/ate the i,*,
of the haad, identified +"on the,eA the "o,t citical haad a, ,een to e the
o*in at heiht fo ,afety haad and noi,e fo health haad he contol
"ea,/e, to eli"inate o ed/ce thi, citical haad ae then eco""ended a,ed on
the findin,A e,/lt, and e>ie, otained ith a((o(iate efeence,$,o/ce, and
a((endice,
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20 $NTR"*UCT$"N
NS Con,t/ction Sdn Bhd a, e,tali,hed in 1974 ith it, coe /,ine,, ein the
B/ildin Con,t/ction o* a(at fo" dealin in othe tade, he co"(any a,
e,t/ct/ed in 1994 and had ,ince een "anaed y the (e,ent Boad of 8iecto,
he nat/e of /,ine,, i, B/ildin Con,t/ction and Ci>il )o*,
"r)anization Chart
Acti0ities
hee ae a lot of acti>itie, done in the con,t/ction ,iteA /t fo the (/(o,e of thi,
a,,in"ent only /ildin o*, ae di,c/,,ed he acti>itie, that ae di,c/,,ed in
thi, e(ot ae on ho /ildin o*, ae caied o/tA eection of ,caffoldinA
in,tallation of oof t/,,e, and oof co>ein,
eneal =anae
8iecto
Site =anae
Site !ninee
Stoe*ee(e
<oy 8i>e
Site S/(e>i,o
+,,i,tantSite
S/(e>i,o
/antity S/>eyo
+,,i,tant /antityS/>eyo
Safetyand
HealthOffice
'oectCoodinato
+,,i,tantStoe*ee(e
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!or1 En0iron2ent
he entie (oce,, and acti>itie, ha, >aio/, haad, )e "ay o,e>e thei
exi,tence fo" the initial ,tae of the /ildin o*, he haad identified ae
o*in at heiht that can ca/,e fallin fo" heihtA fallin oectA ,li(A ti( and fall
fo" ,caffoldA heat ,te,,A ex(o,ed to eathe condition, #ainA dile, etc& and
health haad, d/e to inhalation of d/,t,
!or1 Process
a Befoe the o* ,tat ,afety ind/ction ill e i>en to all ,/(e>i,o, and
o*e, fo the o* that in>ol>e,
Daication of oof t/,,e, and oof co>ein ae done in the factoy
accodin to the ,(ecification ,ti(/lated in the Contact, 8oc/"ent
c +fte the faication of oof ,t/ct/e co"(letedA the oof ,t/ct/e ill e
tan,(oted to ,ite and a 20 tone "oile cane i, e/ied to hoi,t the oof
t/,,e, and co>ein
d Scaffoldin eection o* i, e/ied to o* at heiht fo the in,tallation of
the oof ,t/ct/e
e )eldin and (aintin o*, on the oof t/,,e, ae done on the o/nd
efoe in,tallin the"
f )hen the oof i, co"(letedA (la,tein and (aintin o*, ill follo ,/it
)hen all the /ildin o*, ae co"(letedA di,"antlin o* fo the
,caffoldinA cleanin and cleain o* at ,ite ill co""ence ;et/nin of
tool, and e/i("ent, to tool, ,toe e/ie, >ey ,tict o* /lin he
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,/(e>i,ion of the entie (oce,, i, >ey citical to a>oid any accident,
tho/h caele,, action of the o*e,
30 "BECT$%E
+ n/"e of oecti>e, ill e f/lfilled in thi, a,,in"entA a, follo,:
a Identification of ,inification ,afety and health i,*, (o,ed at the o*(lace
Identification of o*(lace ,afety and health i,*, and haad,
c !,ti"ation of ,e>eity of the ,afety and health i,*, fo" each of the ,afety
and health haad,
d Ba,ed on thei i,* atinA dete"ine the li*elihood and ,e>eity of each
,afety and health haad y the /,e of /alitati>e and /antitati>e ;i,*
ale
e 8i,c/,, contol "ea,/e, to eli"inate o ed/ce the i,* of "o,t citical
,afety and health haad,
f ;eco""end (o,t analy,i, of (oa" to en,/e contin/ity of effecti>ely
"anain Safety and Health at the o* (lace
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40 METH"*
41 Hazard $dentification
he fi,t ,te( in the "anain i,* i, tho/h haad identification at the o*(lace
+ll the,e haad, can e cateoied into 5 cateoie,:
a Mechanica( Hazard
=achineyA it, (at,A tool,A oect, and "ateial, (oce,,ed o /,ed in the
o* (oce,, ae often a ,o/ce of "echanical haad, leadin to in/ie,
Ph3sica( Hazard
+ny haad a,,ociated ith that co/ld ca/,e (hy,ical ha"A incl/din /t not
li"ited to coo,i>e,A fla""ailityA o ex(lo,ion haad, hi, haad can
ca/,e ex(lo,ion,A fie,A >iolent che"ical eaction,A o othe haado/,
,it/ation,
c Che2ica( Hazard
+ che"ical haad i, any ,/,tance that can ca/,e ha" Che"ical, hich
ae ,toed in the o*(lace and at the ho/,e and can e,/lt in ,eio/, in/ie,
if ee not (o(ely handled
d Bio(o)ica( Hazard
+ ioloical haad o iohaad i, an oani,"A o ,/,tance dei>ed fo"
an oani,"A that (o,e, a theat to #(i"aily& h/"an health hi, can incl/de
"edical a,teA ,a"(le, of a "icooani,"A >i/, o toxin #fo" a ioloical
,o/ce& that can i"(act h/"an health It can al,o incl/de ,/,tance, ha"f/l
to ani"al, he te" and it, a,,ociated ,y"ol ae eneally /,ed a, a
aninA ,o that tho,e (otentially ex(o,ed to the ,/,tance, ill *no to
ta*e (eca/tion,
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e Er)ono2ic Hazard
!ono"ic Haad, incl/de, o*(lace haad hich elated eteen "an
and "achine =ateial Handlin and Bac* In/ie, (o>ide, info"ation on
ac* elt,A liftinA (/,hin and (/llinA and "ateial handlin aid,
;e(etiti>e =otion In/ie, (o>ide, info"ation on "/,c/lo,*eletal in/ie,A
i,* facto,A de,in haad,A i,t ,(lint,A and eono"ic hand tool,
Haad, co/ld e identified tho/h "any "ethod, ,/ch a, identificationA
in,(ectionA data analy,i,A inte>ie,A o haad e(otin ,y,te" y o*e,
411 $dentification Method
ho/h thi, "ethodA e can ea,ily identify any haad exi,t at the o*(lace
!>ey o (efo"ed "/,t e cla,,ified into >aio/, ,te(, to en,/e the haad,
co/ld e identified incl/din the i,*
412 $nspection Method
By doin in,(ection at the o*(laceA e co/ld al,o identify haad, In,(ection
,ho/ld e done on ,ched/le a,i, o y ad-hoc
412 *ata Ana(3sis Method
ho/h thi, "ethodA all data ,/ch a, the accident data co/ld (o>ide /, the
info"ation on the exi,tin haad occ/,E it incl/de, al,o the nea "i,, and the
di,ea,e, infection data
42 Ris1 Assess2ent
+ll haad, identified "/,t e a,,e,,ed of it, i,* ;i,* a,,e,,"ent ill e
(efo"ed tho/h i,* e,ti"ation and i,* e>al/ation hi, >al/e i, e(e,ented y
to (aa"ete, that ae (oaility and ,e>eity !>ey (oaility and ,e>eity i,
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>al/ed accodinly y hih o lo of the haado/, e>ent a, (e Di/e 1 and
Di/e 2
';OB+BI<IF 8!DINIIONGey li*ely Can ha((en fe/ently
<i*ely Co/ld ha((en occa,ionally
nli*ely Co/ld ha((enA /t not aely
Hihly /nli*ely Co/ld ha((enA /t (oaly ne>e ill
Di/e 1 Gal/ation on 'oaility
S!G!;IF 8!DINIION
Datality 8eath
Seio/, In/y Sic* lea>e fo "oe than 4 day,$(e"anentdi,aility
In/y Sic* lea>e "axi"/" of 4 day,$(e"anent
di,aility
S"all In/y Nea "i,,$Di,t +id
Di/e 2 Gal/ation on Se>eity
hi, ty(e of a,,e,,"ent i, called /alitati>e ;i,*
!>ent, o ,it/ation, a,,e,,ed a, >ey li*ely ith fatality con,e/ence, ae the "o,t
,eio/, #HIH& i,* and tho,e a,,e,,ed a, hih /nli*ely ith neliile in/ie, ae
the lea,t ,eio/, #<O)& i,* hi, can e ,een on Di/e 3 elo fo the /alitati>e
;i,* ale
Con,e/ence, <i*elihood
Gey li*ely <i*ely nli*ely Hihly /nli*ely
Datality Hih Hih Hih =edi/"=ao in/ie, Hih Hih =edi/" =edi/"
=ino in/ie, Hih =edi/" =edi/" <o
Neliile in/ie, =edi/" =edi/" <o <o
Di/e 3 /alitati>e ;i,* ale
Do" definitionA
;i,* J Con,e/ence, K <i*elihood
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In eal ,cenaioA e co/ld not ex(lain the i,* y ,ayin hih o lo eca/,e
,o"eti"e, thee ae exi,tin to ty(e, of haad and ith the ,a"e le>el of i,*
hihA /t the /e,tion i, ho hih it i, So to diffeentiate the le>el of i,*A the
e,ti"ate i,*, ee e(e,ented y n/"e, N/"e, ae i>en to (e,ent the le>el
of ?li*elihood@ and ?,e>eity@ hi, n/"e, can e "/lti(lyA and an*ed y >al/e
fo 4 hihe and 1 lo
hi, ty(e of a,,e,,"ent i, then called /antitati>e ;i,* hi, can e ,een on Di/e
4 and 5 elo
G+<! ';OB+BI<IF 8!DINIION
4 Gey li*ely Can ha((en fe/ently
3 <i*ely Co/ld ha((en occa,ionally
2 nli*ely Co/ld ha((enA /t not aely
1 Hihly /nli*ely Co/ld ha((enA /t (oaly ne>e ill
Di/e 4 Gal/ation on 'oaility
G+<! S!G!;IF 8!DINIION4 Datality 8eath
3 Seio/, In/y Sic* lea>e fo "oe than 4 day,$(e"anent
di,aility
2 In/y Sic* lea>e "axi"/" of 4 day,$(e"anent di,aility
1 S"all In/y Nea "i,,$Di,t +id
Di/e 5 Gal/ation on Se>eity
Do exa"(le:
<i*elihood: Gey <i*ely #8aily& J 4
<i*ely #)ee*ly& J 3
nli*ely #=onthly& J 2
Hih nli*ely #Fealy& J 1 and
Se>eity Datality o 'e"anent 8i,aility J 4
=ao In/ie, #"oe than 4 day, =C& J 3
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=ino In/ie, #le,, than 0 4 day, =C& J 2
Neliile In/ie, #fi,t aid and nea "i,,& J 1
Calc/lation exa"(le:
<i*elihood of haad i, e,ti"ated J 2
he ,e>eity i, e,ti"ated J 4
henA the i,* ill e J 2 K 4 J %
hi, i,* a,,e,,"ent can e ,een on 2 8 =atix ale on Di/e 6 elo
Conse4uences #i1e(ihood
Gey li*ely
#4&
<i*ely
#3&
nli*ely
#2&
Hihly /nli*ely
#1&
Datality
#4&
Hih
#16&
Hih
#12&
Hih
#%&
=edi/"
#4&
=ao in/ie,
#3&
Hih
#12&
Hih
#9&
=edi/"
#6&
=edi/"
#3&
=ino in/ie,
#2&
Hih
#%&
=edi/"
#6&
=edi/"
#4&
<o
#2&
Neliile in/ie,#1& =edi/"#4& =edi/"#3& <o#2& <o#1&
Di/e 6 - ;i,* +,,e,,"ent on 2 8 =atix ale
50 RESU#T AN* *$SCUSS$"N
51 #ist of hazards
+fte (efo"in the haad identification and i,* a,,e,,"entA hee ae li,t, of
haad fo/nd on the o* aea he,e haad, ee cateoied on the le>el of thei
i,* he hihe the i,*A the haad ill e (laced on to( a"on the"
a Safet3 Hazard
i )o*in at heiht
ii !ection of ,caffoldin$oof ,t/ct/e
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iii )eldin
i> <oadin$nloadin "ateial,
Hea(th Hazard
> Noi,e
>i Heat Ste,,
52 Prioritizin) Hazard
'ioitiation of haad, a, cond/cted y a((lyin i,* a,,e,,"ent "ethod ;i,*
+,,e,,"ent =atix de,ined fo each haad at the o*(lace ho/h thi, "atixA
all haad, that ee identified tho/h the ao>e "ethod, ee eihted y thei
i,* ele"ent, tho/h e,(ecti>e data and tale,A thei (o,,ile occ/ence, and i,*,
in>ol>ed he co"ination of all co"(onent, in each acti>ity a, ale to (o>ide a
co"(ehen,i>e ta/lation a, on Di/e 7 elo #fo" de,cendin ode&:
y(e of haad Haad Se>eity <i*elihood ;i,* Gal/e
Safety haad )o*in at heiht 4 4 16 Hih
!ection
,caffoldin$oof
,t/ct/e
4 3 12 Hih
)eldin 3 3 9 Hih
<oadin$/nloadin of
"ateial
2 2 4 =edi/"
Health haad Noi,e 4 4 16 Hih
Heat Ste,, 4 3 12 Hih
Di/e 7 Haad <i,t and ;i,* Gal/e ale
52 $2pact on the 2ost critica( hazard
a !or1in) at hei)ht 5safet3 hazard6
;i,* J 'oaility K Se>eity
#16& J 4 K 4
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Hazard Effect
!ffect on thi, haad ill ca/,e ,e>ee in/ie, and ,o"eti"e, ca/,in death
to the >icti" =o,t of the o* (oce,,e, ee done at heiht he o*
en>ion"ent con,i,t, of o*in on hih i,e /ildin o eection toe he
chance, o (oaility of ettin in>ol>ed in chance, of fall fo" heiht ae
>ey eat and e >al/ed a, 4 #can ha((en fe/ently& and the ,e>eity a,
al,o hih and >al/ed a, 4 #fatality&
c Noise 5hea(th hazard6
;i,* J 'oaility K Se>eity
#16& J 4 K 4
Noi,e i, the "o,t co""on haad in the o*(lace It co"e, fo" the
"achine !ffect on thi, haad i, >ey ,e>ee he da"ae i"(act on the ea
ta*e, on ad/ally effect itho/t the *nolede of the o*e =o,t of the
da"ae i, (e"anent
60 REC"MMEN*AT$"N
61 Contro( 2easures
he "o,t citical haad eithe ,afety o health "/,t e contolled he contol
"ea,/e, of the,e haad, ee done in accodin ith "ean, of hieachy of
contol he ,te(, ae a, follo,:
a !or1in) at hei)ht 5Safet3 Hazard6
i E(i2ination
hi, "ethod of contol of haad i, the "o,t effecti>e ay of
contollin By eli"inatin the haad then thee ill e no "oe
haad, exi,t B/t it i, i"(o,,ile to /,e thi, "ethod eca/,e e ha>e
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to o* at heiht !>en tho/h thi, "o,t effecti>e "ethodA /t it i,
athe /n(actical to execi,e No o*in at heiht "ean, no hih
i,e /ildin ill exi,t So e ha>e to o to the next "ethod
ii Su'stitution
hi, ,econd "ethod of contol /nde the hieachy of contol i, y
,/,tit/tin the haad, No e *no that the haad i, o*in at
heiht )hat can e do to ,/,tit/te y not o*in at heihtL he
entie o, (efo"ed ae on the hih i,e /ildin )hethe e li*e
o not the old todayA e "/,t /ild hih i,e /ildin to ,a>e aea
hee i, no othe "ean, of technoloy to e(lace hih i,e /ildin
fo (eo(le to o* ith So to e(lace o*in at heiht ith othe
"ean, of technoloy i, i"(o,,ile S/,tit/tion of othe "ethod, i,
/n(actical e>en tho/h i, ood So e ha>e to o the next "ethod
that i,olation
iii $so(ation
hi, "ethod i, athe (actical to (efo" )e cannot i,olate (eo(le
fo" o*in ith heiht In con,t/ction ind/,tyA "o,t of the o,
ae o*in at heiht if e ant to eect ne /ildin Ho can e
(efo" o/ o ,/ch a, in,tallin oof ,t/ct/e fo hih i,e /ildin
y o*in fo" the o/nd le>elL )e ha>e to o /( he only ay
e can do i, y i,olatin othe (eo(le ho ae not in>ol>ed ith the
ta,* to o* at heihtA /t o*in at heiht fo the concened
o*e, "/,t e done hi, "ethod i, not (actical
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i> Ad2inistrati0e Contro(
ho/h thi, contolA e can ad"ini,te the o*e, ho "/,t o*
at heihtA y a/thoiin de,inated o*e, ho "/,t o* at heiht
to o* on that heiht Do non-concened o*e, e "/,t e,tict
the" to o* at heiht, )e "/,t (e"it cetain o*e, only y
i,,/in the" (e"it to o* ith heiht Do tho,e ho ae itho/t
(e"it ae not a/thoied to o* at heiht
> En)ineerin) Contro(
he next "ethod i, enineein contol !nineein contol y
aicade and /adin the entance of /ildin to (e>ent
/na/thoied (e,onnel to o* at heiht Sinae, "/,t e (o,ted to
info" o*e, ho ae not in>ol>ed ith o*in at heiht to clea
off fo" the /ildin
>i Persona( Protecti0e E4uip2ent
hi, i, the la,t e,ot of contollin "ethod o do thi,A e ha>e to
i,,/e all (e,onnel ho ae o*in at heiht ith (o(e ''! ,/ch
a, f/ll ody hane,, +ll o*e, ho ae o*in at heiht ae to
en,/e to /,e thi, ''! fo thei on ,afety =onitoin and
,/>eillance "/,t e done a, e/la a, (o,,ile to en,/e the,e
o*e, oey the /le, to /,e thi, ''! By eain thi, ''!A haad,
of fallin fo" heiht can e ed/ced )o*e, "/,t e ta/ht to /,e
thi, hane,, and ho to ta*e cae of thi, ''! Once the ''! i,
da"aeA e"(loye "/,t e(lace the" a, ,oon a, (o,,ile
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Noise 5Hea(th Hazard6
i E(i2ination
ho/h thi, "ethod e ha>e to eli"inate all "achineie, that
(od/ce noi,e at the o*(lace +ll "achine, (od/ce noi,e It i,
i"(o,,ile to (actice ,ince e ha>e to /,e the "achine to (efo"
o/ ta,*A e>en tho/h tho/h eli"ination e can eli"inate the noi,e
haad,
ii Su'stitution
S/,tit/tion "ethod i, y ,/,tit/tin all "achine, hich ae "/ch
/iete than the exi,tin "achine, It can e done /t it ill co,tly to
e(lace the "achine, )e ha>e to con,ide the a"o/nt e ha>e to
,(end on /yin ne and /iete "achine, hi, "ethod i, ood /t
co,tly
iii $so(ation
By i,olatin the "achine, fo" the o*(lace i, athe /n(actical
he only ay e can do i, y i,olatin non-in>ol>ed (e,onnel fo"
the noi,y aea B/t hat ao/t the o*in (e,onnel ho i, diectly
in>ol>ed ith the "achine,L o do thi, e ha>e to /,e othe contol
to o>eco"e thi, SoA i,olation i, ood /t need, othe contol
"ethod, to "a*e it ette
i> En)ineerin) Contro(
ho/h thi, contol it can e done y de,inin noi,e a,o(tion
de>ice on the "achineie, ,o that the noi,e ceated can e ed/ced
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!>en tho/h y doin thi, i, (actical /t the co,t that "a*e, it had
to con,ide hen e ha>e to o to the next contol "ethod
> Ad2inistrati0e Contro(
hi, "ethod of contol ill in>ol>e "anae"ent ho/h thi,
"ethod e ha>e to li"it the ex(o,/e of noi,e to o*e,A in,tall
(o(e ,inae on noi,eA "onitoin on o*e, condition and healthA
and cond/ct tainin on noi,e fo o*e, ,/ch a, o* ,afe
(oced/e and noi,e con,e>ation (oa"
>i Persona( Protecti0e E4uip2ent
hi, "ethod of contol i, the la,t e,ot on contollin i,* !>ey
o*e "/,t e (o>ided ith ''! ,/ch a, ea "/ff o ea (l/
hene>e they ae in>ol>ed ith noi,y aea
62 Re0ie7
;e>iein on the eco""endation fo i"(o>in any lac*in and to en,/e the
effecti>ene,, of the contol "ea,/e, (o(o,ed "/,t e (efo"ed hi, e>ie
(oce,, "/,t e done onoin in accodance ith nece,,ity ,/ch a, fo exa"(le if
thee i, a chane in the o* (oce,, o o* (oced/e he e>ie (oce,, ,ho/ld
e done tho/h:
a ;efein to the accident ecod, fo co"(ai,on fo" ti"e to ti"e
ettin feedac* fo" o*e, on the effecti>ene,, of the contol "ea,/e,
tho/h di,c/,,ionA "eetinA /e,tionnaie, and e(ot,
c =edical ecod, of o*e, fo" Occ/(ational Health 8octo
d S/>eillance and i"(le"entation on /,in of ''! ith o*e, hethe they
ae ,/it to the"A *no, ho they ae ein /tiliedA ta*in cae and /,ed
1%
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63 Benefits
a o the Co"(any
i ill incea,e (od/cti>ity
ii ill i>e ood e(/tation to the Co"(any
iii ill ed/ce the n/"e of accident
i> ill follo all the la, and e/lation,
Do )o*e,
i ill incea,e aaene,, and *nolede on the i"(otance of
(acticin ,afety and health at the o*(lace
ii ill ed/ce accident to the o*e,
iii ill (od/ce a ood o*in en>ion"ent
i> ill en,/e the ,afety and health of o*e, ein ta*in cae of
> ill follo the e/ied la, and e/lation, of the o>en"ent
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70 RE&ERENCES+S"URCES
a I<BSA Occ/(ational Safety and Health +ct 1994 #+ct 514& M ;e/lation,
and Ode,A Intenational <a Boo* Se>ice
I<BSA Dactoie, and =achiney +ct 1967 ith ;e/lation,A Intenational
<a Boo* Se>ice
c NIOSHA =od/le 1 Occ/(ational Safety and Health =anae"entA NIOSH
'/li,heA 2004
d /ideline, on )o*in at Heiht y 8OSH