teknik b julai 2011

SECTION B SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL (SPS)

SPS 20062006 20072007 20020088

20092009 20102010

INFERENCES (3K) 4 4 2 2 4VARIABLES (4K) 2 6 6 6 6HYPOTHESIS (2K) 4 3 3 1 1PREDICTING (2K) 2 2 3 3 2INTERPRETING DATA (4K) 8 5 6 8 7TOTAL (15K) 20 20 20 20 20

YEAR Var Aim Rel Trend Conc Rel/H Rea ObsTS Pre

2008 6 2 0 2 1 3 2 1 3

2009 6 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 3

2010 6 2 2 1 2 1 4 1 2

TABURAN SOALAN BAHAGIAN B (8 JENIS)

BAHAGIAN B – SAINS KEMAHIRAN PROSES SAINS (KPS)

KPS 20062006 20072007 20020088

20092009 20102010

INFERENS(3K) 4 4 2 2 4P. UBAH (4K) 2 6 6 6 6HIPOTESIS (2K) 4 3 3 1 1MERAMAL (2K) 2 2 3 3 2MENTAFSIR MAKLUMAT (4K) 8 5 6 8 7JUMLAH (15K) 20 20 20 20 20

YEAR PU Tuju Hub Cor Kes Hub/H Seb Pemer Rama

2008 6 2 0 2 1 3 2 1 3

2009 6 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 3

2010 6 2 2 1 2 1 4 1 2

TABURAN SOALAN BAHAGIAN B (8 JENIS)

BAHAGIANB

PERNYATAAN PU

T

JADUALRAJAH

CARTA PALANG

U

P

U P

U

P

BERBEZA KEPUTUSAN

SAMA

P

U

1

2

3

4

Key Word How To Find The Answer

WTC What is changed? (different)

WTO The result of the experiment. The data recorded or collected.

Observation / measurement

WTKS What remains the same / similar / identical,

1. Baca sekali lalu keseluruhan soalan 1. Baca sekali lalu keseluruhan soalan (pantas).(pantas).

2. Perhatikan dan fahami Rajah/ Jadual/ 2. Perhatikan dan fahami Rajah/ Jadual/ Carta palang / Lain-lain bentuk Carta palang / Lain-lain bentuk ransangan.ransangan.

3. Kaitkan dengan dengan tajuk (Learning Area) (Learning Area) yang telah dipelajari.yang telah dipelajari.

B. PROSES STEM SOALAN

1. Baca dan 1. Baca dan fahami stem soalan dengan teliti.dengan teliti.

2. Kenal pasti pembolehubah daripada stem soalan dengan daripada stem soalan dengan cara cara mengecam perkataan atau atau ayat yang memberi ayat yang memberi petunjuk kepada pembolehubah. kepada pembolehubah.

Contoh petunjuk: Contoh petunjuk:

i) different quantity of yeast kuantiti yiskuantiti yis yang yang berbeza

ii) same volume of watervolume of water isipadu airisipadu air yang yang sama

iii) the time taken for the water to boil is recorded

masa yang diambil untuk air mendidih masa yang diambil untuk air mendidih direkodkan

Apa yang diubah

Apa yang ditetapkan

Apa yang diukur / perhati


iv) similar boxes boxes

kotakkotak yang yang serupa

v) identical cups cups

cawancawan yang yang serupa


vi) Each box has has 8 holes

setiap kotak mempunyai mempunyai 8 lubang

vii) cupscups of of different sizes sizes

cawancawan yang yang berlainan saiz saiz

5. 5. Gariskan perkataan perkataan petunjuk dan dan tandakan dengan singkatan tandakan dengan singkatan pembolehubah yang diamalkan oleh pembolehubah yang diamalkan oleh guru anda. [Contoh : WTC = What to guru anda. [Contoh : WTC = What to change (apa yang diubah / change (apa yang diubah / pembolehubah dimanipulasi)]pembolehubah dimanipulasi)]

6. 6. Gariskan juga kata kunci lain yang juga kata kunci lain yang penting.penting.

What is changed , observed and kept the same must be written in the proper way such as :-

[Parameter + object / substance]

How to write a variable?

Apa yang diubah, diperhati/ ukur dan ditetapkan mesti ditulis dengan cara yang betul :-

[Parameter + objek / bahan]

Bagaimana menulis pembolehubah?

PARAMETER OBJECTS

Size of sponge

Volume of water

Type of toy car

Number of marble

Time

Day

Week

Month

Year

No parameter

Parameter + Object

Size ball

+of

Ball X Ball Y Ball Z

Parameter + Objek

Saiz bola

+

Bola X Bola Y Bola Z

Examples of Examples of parameter parameter :-:-

TypeShape Height Number

Base area

Temperature Volume

Weight

Size

Distance Presence Ability Time Mass QuantityAmountStabilityLength

Contoh-contoh Contoh-contoh parameter parameter :-:-

JisimBentukKetinggianJenis

Luas tapak

SuhuIsipadu

Berat

Saiz

JarakKehadiranKebolehanMasaBilanganKuantitiJumlahKestabilanPanjang

Examples of Examples of object / substance object / substance :-:-

Bottle BeakerAnimalPlant

Container

Bread Book

Toy car

Ball

Battery

Water

Food Aquarium

Balloon Floor

Bulb

Contoh Contoh objek / bahan objek / bahan :-:-

Botol BikarHaiwanTumbuhan

Bekas

Roti Buku

Kereta mainan

Bola

Bateri

Air

MakananAkuarium

BelonLantai

Mentol

More examples :-More examples :-

ParameterParameter Object / SubstanceObject / Substance

Shape of containerVolume of waterType of beakerTime taken for ice to melt

CONTOHCONTOH

ParameterParameter Objek / PeristiwaObjek / Peristiwa

Bentuk bekas

Isipadu airJenis bikarMasa diambil

untuk ais melebur

What are the suitable What are the suitable parameter parameter for containerfor container

Container

Type of Shape of Colour of Number of

Base area of

Temperature of Volume of

Weight of

Size of

Apakah Apakah parameter parameter yang yang sesuaisesuai

Bekas

JenisBentukWarnaBilangan

Luas tapak

SuhuIsipadu

Berat

Saiz

Walaubagaimanapun , ada juga pembolehubah yang tidak ada ukuran atau cirinya . Contohnya yang berkaitan tempoh atau masa seperti:-

Masa , Hari , Minggu , Bulan , Tahun .

ObservationObservation VariablesVariablesPlant X can produce Plant X can produce more flowersmore flowers than than plant Yplant Y

Number // Amount // Number // Amount // Quantity of flower Quantity of flower producedproduced

Car P can Car P can travelled travelled furtherfurther than car Qthan car Q

The The distance distance travelled by the travelled by the carcar

Balloon S is Balloon S is biggerbigger than than balloon Tballoon T

The The sizesize of of balloonballoon

Animal X is Animal X is heavierheavier than than animal Yanimal Y

The The weightweight of of animalanimal

Pernyataan Pernyataan PemerhatianPemerhatian

Pemboleh ubahPemboleh ubah

Tumbuhan X Tumbuhan X menghasilkan menghasilkan lebih lebih bungabunga daripada daripada tumbuhan Y.tumbuhan Y.

Bilangan/Jumlah/ Bilangan/Jumlah/ Kuantiti bunga Kuantiti bunga dihasilkandihasilkan

Kereta P bergerak Kereta P bergerak lebih jauhlebih jauh daripada daripada kereta Qkereta Q

Jarak dilalui Jarak dilalui oleh oleh keretakereta

Belon S Belon S lebih besar lebih besar daripada belon Tdaripada belon T

SaizSaiz belon belon

Haiwan X Haiwan X lebih lebih beratberat daripada daripada haiwan Yhaiwan Y

Berat haiwanBerat haiwan

Pernyataan ayat Jawapan lengkap pembolehubah

Makanan sama Makanan sama

banyakKuantiti makanan

Cepat buah membesar

Masa buah membesar

Dekat guli bergolek

Jarak guli bergolek

Besar bola Saiz bola

Panas air Suhu air

Remember :- What is changed , measured or kept the same must be written in the correct way :-

Parameter + Object / substance

Type shape

+of

Ingat :- Apa yang diubah, diukur dan ditetapkan mesti ditulis dengan betul :-

Parameter + Objek / bahan

Jenis bentuk

+

Contoh 1 :Contoh 1 :

1 Yasmin carries out an investigation to see the

effect of yeast on dough. Different quantities of yeast is mixed into four dough, Q, R, S and T.

Diagram 1 shows the height of the dough after 30 minutes.

UPSR 2009 – NO. 1

WTC

WTO/M


1 Yasmin menjalankan satu penyiasatan untuk

mengkaji kesan yis ke atas adunan tepung.

Kuantiti yis yang berbeza dimasukkan ke

dalam empat adunan tepung Q, R, S dan T.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan ketinggian adunan

selepas 30 minit.

UPSR 2009 – NO. 1

WTC

WTO/M

2 Diagram 5 shows an investigation about the time taken to plough paddy field using two different methods.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu penyiasatan tentang masa yang diambil untuk membajak sawah padi menggunakan dua kaedah yang berbeza.

3 Four similar pieces of wet handkerchief, Q, R, S and T are hung under fans of different speeds respectively. Each handkerchief has mass of 100 g. After one hour, the mass of each handkerchief is recorded as shown in Table 3.

3 Empat helai sapu tangan basah yang serupa, Q, R, S dan T masing-masing disidai di bawah kipas yang berlainan kelajuan. Jisim setiap sapu tangan itu ialah 100 g. Selepas 1 jam, jisim setiap sapu tangan itu direkodkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 3.

4. A pupil released toy car X down an inclined ramp. This activity is repeated with toy car Y. Distance travelled by both cars is recorded. Seorang murid telah melepaskan kereta

mainan X menuruni satu landasan condong. Aktiviti ini diulangi dengan kereta mainan Y. Jarak pergerakan kedua-dua kereta itu direkodkan.

5 Fendi investigates the change of state of

liquid X. The result of this investigation is

shown in the flow chart below.

Fendi menyiasat tentang perubahan

keadaan cecair X.

Keputusan penyiasatan ini ditunjukkan

dalam carta alir di bawah.

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

6 A group of pupils uses different objects to measure the length of a desk. Table 2 shows the result of this investigation. Sekumpulan murid menggunakan objek yang berbeza untuk mengukur panjang sebuah meja. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan.

UPSR 2009 – NO. 3

7 Diagram 3 shows an investigation about two models made from different number of rolls of papers. The papers are the same type. Both the models were blown using a fan with the same speed. Rajah 3 menunjukkan suatu penyiasatan tentang dua model yang diperbuat daripada bilangan gulungan kertas yang berlainan. Kertas itu adalah jenis yang sama. Kedua-dua model itu ditiup menggunakan kipas dengan laju yang sama.

WTC

WTKS

WTKS

WTC

WTKS

WTKS

C. PROSES RAJAH

7. Perhatikan rangsangan 7. Perhatikan rangsangan rajah yang yang diberikan. Fahami maklumat yang diberikan. Fahami maklumat yang terdapat pada rajah.terdapat pada rajah.

8. 8. Kenal pasti pembolehubah daripada daripada

gambarajah. .

Perbezaan yang dapat diperhati yang dapat diperhati (dibuat) adalah (dibuat) adalah petunjuk kepada kepada “what to change” (WTC - apa yang (WTC - apa yang diubah /pembolehubah dimanipulasi).diubah /pembolehubah dimanipulasi).

Perubahan yang berlaku adalah “what yang berlaku adalah “what to observe/ measure” (WTO/M - apa to observe/ measure” (WTO/M - apa yang diperhati/ diukur)yang diperhati/ diukur)

Persamaan yang dapat diperhati yang dapat diperhati adalah adalah petunjuk kepada kepada “what is kept the same”

(WTKS - (WTKS - apa yang ditetapkan /sama/ /sama/ kekal/ pembolehubah yang kekal/ pembolehubah yang dimalarkan / constant variable)dimalarkan / constant variable)

9. 9. Catatkan maklumat penting seperti seperti bilangan dll. atau maklumat dari stem bilangan dll. atau maklumat dari stem soalan.soalan.

10. Labelkan singkatan pembolehubah singkatan pembolehubah (WTC/ WTO/WTM/ WTKS - Ikut (WTC/ WTO/WTM/ WTKS - Ikut singkatan yang digunakan oleh guru singkatan yang digunakan oleh guru anda).anda).

11. 11. Catatkan singkatan pembolehubah pembolehubah berkaitan pada rajah yang diberikan. berkaitan pada rajah yang diberikan.

1 Yasmin carries out an investigation to see the

effect of yeast on dough. Different quantities of yeast is mixed into four dough, Q, R, S and T.

Diagram 1 shows the height of the dough after 30 minutes.

UPSR 2009 – NO. 1

WTC

WTO/M


1 Yasmin menjalankan satu penyiasatan untuk

mengkaji kesan yis ke atas adunan tepung.

Kuantiti yis yang berbeza dimasukkan ke

dalam empat adunan tepung Q, R, S dan T.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan ketinggian adunan

selepas 30 minit.

UPSR 2009 – NO. 1

WTC

WTO/M

UPSR 2009– NO. 1

WTC

WTO

QUANTITY OF YEAST

HEIGHT OF DOUGH

UPSR 2009– NO. 1

WTC

WTO

Kuantiti yis

Ketinggian doh

UPSR 2008 – NO. 2

2 2 2

3 2 1

WTKS

WTC

TREND = INCREASES / BERTAMBAH

WTO/M = The brightness of bulbs / Kecerahan mentol

WTO/M

1 1 1WTKS

Contoh Rajah 2: Contoh Rajah 2:

UPSR 2008 – NO. 2

WTC = Type of circuits / Jenis litar

Series circuitLitar bersiri

Parallel circuit /Litar selari

WTO/M = The brightness of bulbs /Kecerahan mentol

33

22 WTKS

WTKS

5. Diagram 4 shows an investigation carried out at a particular place in Penang.

UPSR 2006 – NO. 5

West East West

WestWest

East

EastEast

WTKS = Type of liquid / Jenis cecair

WTC = Temperature of liquid X / Suhu cecair X

WTO/M = The state of liquid X /Keadaan cecair X

Liquid X

Temperature 100°C Temperature 0°C

Gas Solid

WTKS = Type of liquid / Jenis cecair

WTC = Temperature of liquid X / Suhu cecair X

WTO/M = The state of liquid X /Keadaan cecair X

Cecair X

Suhu 100°C Suhu 0°C

Gas Pepejal

Diagram 1 shows an investigation on the height of shadow when the distance of an object from a screen is changed.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan penyiasatan tentang ketinggian bayang-bayang apabila jarak antara objek dari skrin diubah.

WTC

WTO

WTC

WTO

WTC WTC

WTOWTO

WTKS

UPSR 2009 – NO. 3


UPSR 2009– NO. 2

WTC

WTKS

Topic : Stability WTO/M

WTC = THE BASE AREA OF THE MODEL/

THE NUMBER OF ROLLS OF PAPER

WTKS = THE HEIGHT OF THE MODEL

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

WTC

WTKS

Tajuk : Kestabilan WTO/M

U = Luas tapak model / Bilangan gulungan kertas

T = Ketinggian model

5. Diagram 5 shows two similar books, J and K. The books are pushed briefly using the same amount of force.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua buah buku yang serupa, J dan K. Kedua-dua buku itu ditolak dengan cepat menggunakan daya yang sama.

WTC

WTKS

WTKS

WTKS

WTC = The method to push the book / Amount of friction

U = Kaedah menolak buku / Jumlah geseran

WTKS

WTKS

i. What is changed

ii What is observed iii What is kept the same

50 g100g

150g

The mass of the object

The length of the spring

Type of spring

Size of the spring

i) Apa yang diubah :

ii) Apa yang diperhati / diukur : iii) Apa yang ditetapkan :

50 g100g

150g

Jisim objek

Panjang spring

Jenis spring

Saiz spring

4. A group of pupils investigated an eclipse of the Sun. The diagrams below show the time at different stages of the eclipse.

UPSR 2007 – NO. 4

WTC

WTO/M

WTCWTO/M

Sekumpulan murid menjalankan penyiasatan mengenai gerhana Matahari. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan waktu bagi peringkat-peringkat yang berlainan tentang gerhana itu.

UPSR 2007 – NO. 4

WTC

WTO/M

WTCWTO/M

D. PROSES JADUAL

12. 12. Perhatikan dan fahami jadual yang dan fahami jadual yang

diberikan.diberikan.

13. 13. Labelkan singkatan pembolehubah singkatan pembolehubah (WTC/ WTO/WTM/ WTKS) pada jadual. (WTC/ WTO/WTM/ WTKS) pada jadual.

Jadual ruang – WTC kiri, WTO kanan.Jadual ruang – WTC kiri, WTO kanan.

Jadual baris – WTC atas, WTO bawah.Jadual baris – WTC atas, WTO bawah.

14. 14. Lengkapkan tajuk jadual WTC jika jika

tidak lengkap. tidak lengkap.

[Contoh tiada parameter : [Contoh tiada parameter :

“ “Animal”(Animal”(haiwanhaiwan) – Lengkapkan ) – Lengkapkan

kepada : “Size of animals” (saizkepada : “Size of animals” (saiz

haiwanhaiwan)] (biasanya tajuk WTO/M )] (biasanya tajuk WTO/M

sudah lengkap)sudah lengkap)

15. 15. Ubah tajuk WTC jika tidak sesuai / WTC jika tidak sesuai /

tidak berkaitan dengan apa yang dengan apa yang

disiasat (what is changed).disiasat (what is changed).

Tidak sesuai jika WTC tidak berkaitan Tidak sesuai jika WTC tidak berkaitan mengubah WTO/Mmengubah WTO/M

YearYear

TahunTahun 19901990 19941994 19981998 20022002 20062006

Average air pollutionAverage air pollution

indexindex

Purata indeks Purata indeks pencemaran udarapencemaran udara

3232 7676 100100 130130 200200

WTC

WTO / M

UPSR 2010 – NO. 1

UPSR 2010 – NO. 1

UPSR 2010– NO. 2

Number of marbles

Bilangan guli

Volume of water in measuring cylinder (ml)

Isipadu air dalam silinder penyukat (ml)

10 20

15 30

25 50

WTC WTO

UPSR 2010 – NO. 2

UPSR 2010 – NO. 3

Number of pumps

Bilangan mengepam

5 10 20

Size of balloon

Saiz belon

WTC

WTO

UPSR 2010 – NO. 3

UPSR 2010 – NO. 4

Time

Masa 8.40 pm 9.30 pm 10.30 pm 11.30 pm 12.10 pm

Stages of Eclipse of the Moon

Peringkat gerhana Bulan

WTC

WTO

UPSR 2010 – NO. 4

UPSR 2010 – NO. 5

Method of ploughing

Kaedah membajak

Time taken

Masa yang diambil

One day

Satu hari

Two hours

Dua jam

WTC WTO/M

UPSR 2010 – NO. 5

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

Object

Objek

Number of measurements taken

Bilangan ukuran yang diambil

18

8

5

WTC WTO/ M

The length of object Panjang objek

Tajuk WTC tidak lengkap/ perlu dilengkapkan dengan “ukuran/ parameter”

UPSR 2009 – NO. 3


UPSR 2009– NO. 2

WTC

WTKS


WTC = THE BASE AREA OF THE MODEL/

THE NUMBER OF ROLLS OF PAPER

WTKS = THE HEIGHT OF THE MODEL

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

WTC

WTKS

Tajuk : Kestabilan WTO/M

U = Luas tapak model / Bilangan gulungan kertas

T = Ketinggian model

Model

Model

X Y

Stability

Kestabilan

Fall

Jatuh

Still stand Masih berdiri

UPSR 2009– NO. 3

WTC

WTO/ M

The base area of model

Luas tapak modelSmallKecil

BigBesar

UPSR 2009– NO. 5

Book

Buku

Distance travelled / cm

Jarak yang dilalui /cm

J 10

K 30

The method to push the bookKaedah menolak buku

WTC WTO/ M

The figure shows an investigation carried out by a group of students. Three identical pieces of paper were folded into shapes X, Y and Z.Rajah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan yang telah dijalankanoleh sekumpulan pelajar.Tiga keping kertas yang serupa masing-masing dilipat kepada bentuk X, Y dan Z.

UPSR 2004 – NO. 4DIAGRAM

Identical

Serupa

Type of paper /book

Jenis kertas/ buku

Size of paper / book

Saiz kertas/ buku

Thickness of paper / book

Ketebalan buku

UPSR 2004 – NO. 4

Several book were placed on top of each of the paper. The result is as follows:Beberapa buah buku diletakkan di atas setiap kertas. Keputusan adalah seperti berikut.

Shape X – Unable to support any book Bentuk X – Tidak dapat menampung bukuShape Y – Able to support one book Bentuk Y – Dapat menampung satu bukuShape Z – Able to support two booksBentuk Z – Dapat menampung dua buku

Different number of folds / Bilangan lipatan yang berbeza

Number of folds

Bilangan lipatan

The number of books that can be supported

Bilangan buku yang dapat ditampung

1 0

3 1

4 2

Self-made table/ Jadual yang dibina sendiri

UPSR 2004 – NO. 4

WTC WTC

WTOWTO

WTKS

The distance between the object and the screen / cm

Jarak antara objek dengan skrin / cm 15 10

The height of the shadow / cm

Ketinggian bayang-bayang / cm 6 4

E. PROSES CARTA PALANG

16. Perhatikan dan fahami carta palang yang 16. Perhatikan dan fahami carta palang yang

diberikan.diberikan.

17. 17. Kenalpasti pembolehubah daripada daripada tajuk

carta palang (paksi X dan Y). Jangan silap/ (paksi X dan Y). Jangan silap/

terbalik kedudukan. terbalik kedudukan. Mulakan dari dari tajuk di di

bawah WTC dan kemudian tajuk di atas dan kemudian tajuk di atas

WTO/M.WTO/M.

18. 18. Labelkan singkatan pembolehubah (WTC/ pembolehubah (WTC/

WTO/WTM) pada carta palang. WTO/WTM) pada carta palang.

19. 19. Lengkapkan tajuk carta palang - WTC carta palang - WTC jika

tidak lengkap [Contoh tiada objek / perkara : [Contoh tiada objek / perkara :

“ “Speed”(Speed”(kelajuankelajuan) – Lengkapkan kepada ) – Lengkapkan kepada

“ “Speed of toy car” (Speed of toy car” (kelajuan kereta mainankelajuan kereta mainan)] )]

WTO/M

WTC

UPSR 2008– NO. 5

WTO

Mass of salt /g

Jisim garam / g

Time taken for eggs to spoil / month

Masa yang diambil untuk telur rosak / bulan

WTC

UPSR 2009– NO. 4

WTC

WTO/M

Number of days/ Bilangan hari

Number of extinct animal species

Tahun

Contoh 3 : UPSR 2004 – NO. 1

05

101520253035404550

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

WTCWTO/M

increases

incre

ases

Contoh 4: UPSR 2004 – NO. 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2 4 6 8 10 12

Speed

Number of batteries

i) What is changed : ………………………………………………….

i) What is observed: ………………………………………………….

Number of batteries

Speed of the toy car

Contoh 4: UPSR 2004 – NO. 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2 4 6 8 10 12

Kelajuan

Bilangan bateri

i) What is changed : ………………………………………………….

i) What is observed: ………………………………………………….

Bilangan bateri

Kelajuan kereta mainan

1. VARIABLES (Pembolehubah)

(a) What to change? (WTC)

(diubah / dimanipulasi / manipulated )

Perkara / Faktor yang kita kawal

supaya berbeza untuk melihat kesannya /sebab berlakunya perubahan kepada WTO/M). Cari apa yang diubah(berbeza).

(b) What to observe / measure?

(WTO/M)

(apa yang diperhati/ diukur/

pembolehubah bergerak

balas/ responding variable)

(Perubahan / pemerhatian diakhir

penyiasatan ,akibat / kesan

perubahan WTC)

(c) What is kept the same? (WTKS)

(apa yang ditetapkan/ sama/

kekal / dimalarkan/ constant

variable)- (Perkara / bahan / faktor yang

dikekalkan sama / tidak berubah supaya tidak mempengaruhi

hasil penyiasatan).

- Cari apa yang sama.

(d) Information / Maklumat ?

(i) What is changed (WTC ) @

(ii) What is observed/measured

(WTO/M) @

iii) What is kept the same (WTKS)

* Keutamaan WTO/M dan WTC.

VARIABLES RELATIONSHIP PURPOSE / AIM

WTC WTO WTKS As the WTC TREND, the WTO TREND

To investigate the relationship between WTC and WTO

MENGAPA PENTING KUASAI MENCARI PEMBOLEHUBAH?

INFORMATION CONCLUSION RELATIONSHIP

(Hypothesis)

WTC WTO WTKS As the WTC TREND, the WTO TREND

To investigate the relationship between WTC and WTO


PEMBOLEHUBAH HUBUNGAN TUJUAN

U

(PM)

P

(PB)

T

(PML)

Semakin CORAK U (PM), semakin CORAK P (PB)

Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara U (PM) dengan P (PB)


MAKLUMAT KESIMPULAN HUBUNGAN

(Hipotesis)U

(PM)

P

(PB)

T

(PML)

Semakin CORAK U (PM), semakin CORAK P (PB)

Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara U (PM) dengan P (PB)


2. AIM/ PURPOSE/ FIND OUT (Tujuan)

Ayat utama untuk menjawab :

• To investigate the relationship between WTC and WTO/M.

• Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara WTC dengan/dan WTO/M.

Kesilapan Aim/ Purpose (Tujuan)

1.Tidak dapat kenal pasti pemboleh ubah (WTC & WTO/M) daripada stem soalan, gambarajah, jadual, carta palang dll.

2.Tidak tahu menggunakan ayat “tujuan” yang betul.

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

Object

Objek



18

8

5

WTC WTO/ M


CONTOH :

UPSR 2009

(a) What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?

• To investigate the relationship between the length of object and the number of measurement taken. • Untuk menyiasat hubungan di antara panjang objek dengan bilangan ukuran.

3. TREND / PATTERN / CHANGES

(Corak/ Pola)

Increases / Menaik/ bertambah

Decreases / Menurun/ Berkurang

Constant (Does not change) / Tidak berubah / mendatar .

UPSR 2009– NO. 4

WTC

WTO/M

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(b)

(b) What is the trend of change in the sizes of the phases of the Moon during this investigation? Apakah corak perubahan saiz fasa Bulan sepanjang tempoh penyiasatan ini?

Increases and decreases Bertambah dan berkurang

UPSR 2008 – NO. 2

2 2 2

3 2 1

WTKS

WTC

TREND = INCREASES / BERTAMBAH

WTO/M = The brightness of bulbs / Kecerahan mentol

WTO/M

Contoh RAJAH 1 - yang telah diproses

UPSR 2008– NO. 2

(b) What is the trend of changes in brightness of the bulbs in circuits, R, S and T? Apakah corak perubahan kecerahan mentol- mentol dalam litar, R, S dan T?

Increases // Bertambah

UPSR 2008– NO. 2

Kesilapan 2 – Soalan 2 (b)1. Tidak dapat kenal pasti maklumat (ayat) corak yang ada pada gambarajah. 2. Tidak menyatakan corak kecerahan yang betul dari 3 hingga 1 mentol.

Kesilapan / Trend/ Pattern (Corak)

1. Tidak dapat kenal pasti maklumat (ayat) corak yang ada pada gambarajah, jadual, carta palang dll. 2. Tidak memberi perhatian kepada soalan, sama ada corak keseluruhan atau sebahagian.

4. RELATIONSHIP (INTERPRETING DATA)

HUBUNGAN (MENTAFSIR MAKLUMAT)

Relationship between “number of batteries” and “brightness of bulbs”.

DINYATAKAN apakah WTC dan WTO/M.

4. RELATIONSHIP / HUBUNGAN

(a) The more/less* WTC, the more/less* WTO/M. (*bertukar ikut kesesuaian e.g. “greater”, “ further”, “higher”)

Semakin bertambah/ berkurang WTC, semakin bertambah/ berkurang WTO/M.

4. RELATIONSHIP

(b) As/ If/ When the WTC increases/ decreases, the WTO/M increases/ decreases.

Jika /Apabila WTC bertambah/ berkurang, WTO/M bertambah/ berkurang .

4. RELATIONSHIP

(c) Different WTC …… different WTO/M.

Jika WTC berlainan/ berbeza, WTO/M berlainan/ berbeza.

(Awas! Terhad penggunaannya. Jalan terakhir)

(Biasanya jika WTC adalah “Type of …../ Jenis …..”

Contoh :

Different type of animals have different number of resting heart beats.

Jenis haiwan yang berlainan mempunyai bilangan degupan jantung

semasa rehat yang berlainan.

Kesilapan / Relationship/ Hubungan / hypothesis

1. Tidak menulis ayat yang mengaitkan perubahan WTC(PM) dengan perubahan WTO/M (PB) dengan tepat.

2. Menulis pembolehubah WTC yang salah / tidak lengkap atau kedudukan PU yang salah.

3. Menulis corak perubahan yang salah bagi satu atau kedua-dua pemboleh ubah.

UPSR 2009– NO. 2(c)


UPSR 2009– NO. 2c

WTC

WTKS


UPSR 2009– NO. 2c

(c) What is relationship between the size of the model and the stability? Apakah hubungan antara saiz model dengan kestabilan?

UPSR 2009– NO. 2c

1. The bigger the base area / size of base, the more stable the model. Semakin bertambah/ besar luas tapak, semakin

bertambah kestabilan model. 2. As the size of base area increases, the stability of the model increases. Semakin bertambah saiz/besar tapak, semakin bertambah kestabilan model.

RELATIONSHIP (HYPOTHESIS)

HUBUNGAN (HIPOTESIS)

Relationship between “what is changed” and “what is observed/ measured”.

Tidak dinyatakan apakah WTC dan WTO/M.

1.1. The further The further or or

2.2. The nearerThe nearer

Distance Distance

1.1. The more The more oror

2.2. The less The less

Quantity , Quantity ,

volume , volume , number of number of objectobject

1.1. The higher The higher oror

2.2. The lower The lower

TemperatureTemperature

1.1. The faster orThe faster or

2.2. The slower The slower Time Time taken , taken ,

speed speed

Sample question :

What is the relationship between what is changed and what is measured ?

Change or Change or measuremeasure Relationship Relationship 1. The 1. The weight of weight of objectobject

•The heavier the object… The heavier the object… or or •The lighter the object The lighter the object ….….

2. The 2. The height of height of objectobject

•The higher the object orThe higher the object or•The lower the object …..The lower the object …..

3. The 3. The temperatutemperature of water re of water

•The higher the The higher the temperature of water …temperature of water …or or •The lower the The lower the temperature of water temperature of water …..…..

4. The size of 4. The size of object object

•The bigger the size of The bigger the size of object orobject or•The smaller the size of The smaller the size of object ..object ..

Change or Change or measuremeasure

Relationship/ ConclusionRelationship/ Conclusion

1. The 1. The number number of of objectobject

•The more the number The more the number object… or object… or •The less the number The less the number object ….object ….

3. The 3. The volume of volume of water water

•The more the volume The more the volume of water …or of water …or •The less the volume of The less the volume of water …..water …..

4. The 4. The quantity // quantity // amount of amount of food food

•The more the quantity // The more the quantity // amount of food oramount of food or•The less the quantity // The less the quantity // amount of food ..amount of food ..

60

20

0 20 40 60 80 100

Height of shadow /cm

40

80 Distance between the object and the light source /cm

(c) What is the relationship between

the variable that is changed and the

variable that is observed ?

The ………………the distance between the object and the source of light , the ………….. height of shadow

100

60

20

020 40 60 80 100

Height of shadow

40

80

Distance between the object and the light source

(c) Relationship between what is

changed and what is observed.

Increases

Decreases

100

Height of shadow (cm)

Distance between the object and the light source /cm

What is the relationship between the variable that is changed and the variable that is observed?

As the distance between the object and the light source increases , the height of shadow decreases.

20

60

0 20 40 60 80 100

40

80

100

c . Answer relationship :-

The ………….. the distance between the object and the light source, the …………. the height of the shadow OR As the distance between the object and the light source ………….. , the height of the

shadow ……………

further shorter

increasesdecreas

es

60

20

0 20 40 60 80 100


40

80 Distance between the object and the source of light (cm)

RIGHT OR WRONG

As the distance between the object and the light source increases , the height of shadow increases .

100

60

20

0 20 40 60 80 100


40

80 Distance between the object and the source of light (cm)

RIGHT OR WRONG

As the height of the shadow decreases , the distance between the object and the light source increases .

100

What is the relationship between the variable that is changed and the variable that is measured?

Apakah hubungan di antara apa yang diubah dan apa yang diukur?

The longer the distance between the torchlight and the iron rod, the smaller the size of the shadow .

Semakin bertambah jarak di antara lampu suluh dengan batang besi, semakin kecil saiz bayang-bayang.

As the distance between the torchlight and the iron rod increases , the size of the shadow decreases.

Apabila jarak di antara lampu suluh dengan batang besi bertambah, saiz bayang-bayang berkurang.

UPSR 2008– NO. 2

Kesilapan - Relationship

* Bagi soalan yang WTC TIADA corak

1. Menulis corak WTC yang sebenarnya tidak berlaku.

5. Diagram 4 shows an investigation carried out at a particular place in Penang.

UPSR 2006 – NO. 5

West East West

WestWest

East

EastEast

Azman conducts an investigation on the direction of a shadow at different times. He observes the shadow of a pole outside his house and records the result in the table below.

Azman menjalankan satu penyiasatan tentang arah bayang-bayang pada masa yang berbeza. Dia memerhati sebatang tiang di luar rumahnya dan merekodkan keputusan dalam jadual di bawah.

Position of the Sun

Kedudukan Matahari

East

Timur

East

Timur

Straight above the pole

Tegak di atas tiang

West

Barat

West

Barat

Direction of the shadow

Arah bayang-bayang

West

Barat

West

Barat

No shadow

Tiada bayang-bayang

East

Timur

East

Timur

Problem?

(a) State the relationship between the time and the length of the shadow in the morning.

(b) State the relationship between the time and the length of the shadow in the evening.

(c) State the relationship between the time and the length of the shadow.

As the time increases, the length of the shadow

decreases until 1.30 pm. and increases after

that.

UPSR 2006 – NO. 5

(d) State the relationship between the position of the Sun and the direction of the shadow?

Sample answer :

1. When the Sun is on the west , the direction of the shadow is on the east.

2. When the Sun is on the east , the direction of the shadow is on the west.

3. When the Sun is directly above the pole , the (direction) of the shadow is the same as that of the pole / there is no shadow.

4. Combination of 1 & 2.

UPSR 2006 – NO. 5

(d) Nyatakan hubungan antara kedudukan Matahari dengan arah bayang?

Contoh jawapan :

1. Apabila Matahari di sebelah barat, arah bayang-bayang di timur.

2. Apabila Matahari di sebelah timur, arah bayang-bayang di barat.

3. Apabila Matahari tegak di atas tiang, (arah) bayang sama dengan tiang / tiada.

4. Gabungan jawapan 1 & 2.

2. Ajeet carried out an investigation to test the

ability of a number of objects to light up a bulb. Ajeet prepared the following circuit. Each object was connected to the circuit.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 2

Ajeet's results are shown below.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 2

Keputusan Ajeet ditunjukkan di bawah.

(b) What is the relationship between the two variables that you have mentioned in (a)?

• If the object is a conductor / insulator the bulb lights up/ does not light up.

• If the object conducts the electricity the bulbs lights up. // vice versa

• Object Q lights up bulb.• Type of object affects lights up the bulb.

# CORRECT = Object Q / magnetic/ iron / metal lights up the bulb. * “List” …… lights up the bulb.

* Non-magnetic material lights up the bulb.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 2

(b) Apakah hubungan antara kedua-dua pembolehubah yang kamu nyatakan di

(a)?• Jika objek bahan konduktor maka mentol

akan menyala.• Jika objek bahan penebat maka mentol

tidak menyala.• Jika objek mengalirkan arus elektrik

maka mentol akan menyala.• Jenis objek mempengaruhi nyalaan

mentol.

# BETUL = Objek Q / bahan magnet/ besi / logam mentol menyala * “Senarai” …… mentol menyala.

* Bahan bukan magnet menyala.

5. CONCLUSION / KESIMPULAN

(conclude/ find out/ learnt)

Jawapan seperti “hypothesis” atau “relationship” atau pernyataan yang dibuat berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen (tumpukan kepada corak WTC dan corak WTO/M).

(a) The more/less* WTC, the more/less* WTO/M.

(*bertukar ikut kesesuaian e.g. “greater”, “ further”, “higher”)

(b) As/ If/ When the WTC increases/ decreases, WTO/M increases/ decreases.

Semakin bertambah/ berkurang WTC semakin bertambah/ berkurang WTO/M.

(*SYARAT : Jika kedua-dua WTC & WTO/M ada corak perubahan “increases/decreases”)

(c) Jika tiada corak perubahan WTC dan WTO/M - gunakan ayat yang berkaitan dengan fakta sains penyiasatan itu.

Contoh : “Plants need sunlight to grow”

“ The bulbs in parallel circuit are brighter than the bulbs in series circuit”

(d) Ayat : Diferent WTC different WTO/M (Jika WTC adalah “Type of …..” – (Awas! Terhad)

Contoh : Different type of plants have different ways of seeds dispersal

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(d)

Kesilapan 3 – Soalan 2 (c) / CONCLUSION (KESIMPULAN)

1. Menggunakan pemboleh ubah WTC yang tidak lengkap. (WTC ………Object)

2. Corak yang terdapat dalam ayat tidak berlaku. (pemilihan “jenis”)

Contoh : Semakin bertambah jenis objek, semakin berkurang bilangan ukuran.

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(d)

Kesilapan 4(d) - CONCLUSION (KESIMPULAN)

1. Tidak menyatakan kedua-dua corak WTC dan WTO yang berlaku dalam carta palang.

2. Tidak menulis WTC dan WTO yang lengkap.

60

20

0 20 40 60 80 100

Height of shadow

40

80 Distance between the object and the light source

What can you conclude from this investigation?

Relationship between what is changed and what is observed.

100

CONCLUSION ADA TREND WTC & WTO

60

20

0 20 40 60 80 100

Height of shadow

40



Relationship between the distance between the object and the light source and the height of shadow .

100

60

20

020 40 60 80 100

Height of shadow

40

80

Distance between the object and the light source


Increases

Decreases

100

60

20

0 20 40 60 80 100

Height of shadow ( cm )

40


The further the distance between the object and the light source, the shorter the height of shadow .

100

(d) What can you conclude from this

investigation?

60

20

0 20 40 60 80 100

Height of shadow ( cm )

40


(d) What can you conclude from this

investigation

The distance between the object and the light source will affect the height of shadow .

100

UPSR 2009– NO. 2(c)

(d) What conclusion can be made from this investigation? Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada penyiasatan ini?

UPSR 2008– NO. 4(d)


UPSR 2009– NO. 2(c)

1. The longer the length of object, the less the number of measurement. Semakin bertambah panjang objek, semakin berkurang bilangan ukuran yang diambil.

2. When the length of object increases, the number of measurement decreases. Apabila panjang objek bertambah, bilangan ukuran yang diambil berkurang.

*3. Object used are non-standard measurement tools. Objek yang digunakan adalah alat ukur yang bukan piawai.

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(d)

CONCLUSION ( 2 PATTERNS)

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(d)


Another conclusion question , last year UPSR 2009 The more the day , the bigger the size of the phases of the Moon RIGHT OR WRONG ANSWER

Another conclusion question , last year UPSR 2009 Semakin bertambah hari semakin besar saiz fasa Bulan. BETUL atau SALAH

Another conclusion question , last year UPSR 2009 The size of the phases of the Moon increases until day 15 and decreases after that .

Another conclusion question , last year UPSR 2009 Saiz fasa Bulan bertambah sehingga hari ke-15 dan berkurang selepas itu.

Another conclusion question , last year UPSR 2009 The size of the phases of the Moon is the biggest on day 15.

Another conclusion question , last year UPSR 2009 Saiz fasa Bulan paling besar pada hari ke-15.

UPSR 2008– NO. 4(d)

1. The size of the phases of the Moon is the biggest on day 15. Saiz fasa bulan paling besar pada hari ke-15.

2. The size of the phases of the Moon increases until day 15 and decreases after that. Saiz fasa bulan bertambah sehingga hari ke-15 dan berkurang selepas itu.

UPSR 2008– NO. 4(d)

*3. As the day increases, the size of the phases of the Moon increases until day 15 and decreases after that. Semakin bertambah hari semakin bertambah saiz fasa bulan sehingga hari ke-15 dan berkurang selepas itu.

Date according Date according

to Lunar Calendarto Lunar Calendar

Phase of the MoonPhase of the Moon

55thth day day

1010thth day day

1515thth day day

2020thth day day

2525thth day day

4. 20034. 2003WTC WTO

Tarikh mengikut Tarikh mengikut Takwim QamariTakwim Qamari

Fasa bulanFasa bulan

5 5 haribulan

10 10 haribulan

15 15 haribulan

20 20 haribulan

25 25 haribulan

4. 20034. 2003WTC WTO

(b) State one conclusion that can be made from information in Table 4.

# [Summary of the correct observation] . Example:

1. Shape/ size/ phase of the moon largest/fullest on the 15th day/ middle of the month. // Shape/ size/ phase of the moon smallest at the beginning / 5th day and at the end of the month / 25th day.

* The word “and” is compulsory.

UPSR 2003 – NO. 4

2. Shape/ size/ phase of the moon became bigger until the 15th day/ middle of the month and became smaller after that / 15th day.

3. On the 15th day/ middle of the month the

shape of the moon is spherical/ circular/ fullmoon and at the beginning/ 5th day and end of month/ 25th day, the shape is crescent.

UPSR 2003 – NO. 4

(b) Nyatakan satu kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 4.

# [Rumusan tentang pemerhatian yang betul]

1. Bentuk/saiz/ fasa Bulan paling besar/penuh pada 15 haribulan / pertengahan bulan // Bentuk/Saiz/Fasa Bulan paling kecil pada awal bulan/ 5 haribulan dan akhir bulan/ 25 haribulan.

* “dan” wajib ada

….sambungan

2. Bentuk/saiz/fasa Bulan semakin membesar sehingga 15 haribulan/ pertengahan bulan dan semakin mengecil selepas tarikh tersebut.

3. Pada 15 haribulan / pertengahan bulan, Bulan berbentuk sfera/bulat/purnama dan pada awal bulan/5 haribulan dan akhir bulan/25 haribulan, (Bulan) berbentuk sabit.

4. A group of pupils investigated an eclipse of the Sun. The diagrams below show the time at different stages of the eclipse.

UPSR 2007 – NO. 4

WTC

WTO/M

WTCWTO/M

Sekumpulan murid menjalankan penyiasatan mengenai gerhana Matahari. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan waktu bagi peringkat-peringkat yang berlainan tentang gerhana itu.

UPSR 2007 – NO. 4

WTC

WTO/M

WTCWTO/M

Number of flowers produced

Volume of water / ml100 200 300 400 500 600

WTC

WTO

produced is the mostwhen

The number of flowers volume of water is 300 to 400 ml

Focus here

When the volume of water is 300 and 400 ml (WTC), the number of flowers produced (WTO) is the most.

UPSR 2008– NO. 2(d)

(d) Diagram 2.2 shows the arrangement of bulbs in two different circuits. The brightness of the bulbs are recorded. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan susunan mentol dalam dua litar yang berlainan. Kecerahan mentol-mentol itu direkodkan.

CONCLUSION (COMPARING)

UPSR 2010 – NO. 4

Time

Masa 8.40 pm 9.30 pm 10.30 pm 11.30 pm 12.10 pm

Stages of Eclipse of the Moon

Peringkat gerhana Bulan

WTC

WTO

(b) What conclusion can be made from

this investigation?

Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat

daripada penyiasatan ini?

1. Total Moon/Lunar Eclipse occurs at 10.30 p.m //

Gerhana bulan penuh berlaku pada pukul 10.30 malam.

The moon cannot be seen at 10.30 pm.

Bulan tidak kelihatan pada pukul 10.30 malam.

2. The duration of eclipse of the Moon occurs within 3 hours 30 minutes //

Masa/ tempoh gerhana Bulan berlaku selama 3 jam 30 minit.

3. Eclipse of the moon starts at 8.40 p.m. and finishes at 12.10 a.m.//

Gerhana Bulan bermula pada 8.40 p.m. dan berakhir pada 12.10 pagi.

4. When the Sun, Earth and the Moon in a straight line eclipse occurs //

Eclipse of the moon occurs when the Moon is in the shadow of the Earth.

5.1 As the time increase, stages of eclipse

of the moon increase until 10.30 p.m.

and then decreases //

From time 8.40 to 10.30 p.m. the stages

of the eclipse increases and time

10.30/11.30 to 12.10 stages of eclipse

decrease.

5.2 As the time increase, the part of the

moon that can be seen decrease until

10.30 then increase.

5.3 As the time increase the dark part of

the moon increase until 10.30 then

decrease.

UPSR 2008 – NO. 2(d)

WTC = Type of circuits / Jenis litar

Series circuitLitar bersiri

Parallel circuit /Litar selari

WTO/M = The brightness of bulbs /Kecerahan mentol

33

22 WTKS

WTKS

UPSR 2008– NO. 2(d)

(d) What can you conclude from this investigation? Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh kamu buat berdasarkan penyiasatan ini?

The bulbs in a parallel circuit are brighter than the bulbs in a series circuit.

Mentol dalam litar selari lebih cerah daripada mentol dalam litar bersiri.

UPSR 2008– NO. 2(d)

Kesilapan 2(d) 2008/ Conclusion (Kesimpulan)

* Bagi soalan yang WTC TIADA corak

1. Menulis corak jenis litar WTC(PM) yang sebenarnya tidak berlaku.

2. Tidak menulis nama kedua-dua jenis litar dalam jawapan (litar bersiri dan litar selari).

State one conclusion based on the information given .White screen ] Iron rod Iron rod

Torchlight Torchlight

10 cm

5cm

Make a relationship between changed and observed .

State one conclusion based on the information given .

White screen ] Iron rod Iron rod


10 cm

5cm

Opaque object can form a shadow , but transparent object cannot form a shadow




10 cm

5cm The more the type of an object , the more the formation of shadow .

Right or Wrong




10 cm

5cm

If the type of an object increases, the formation of shadow will increases Right Or Wrong

6. HYPOTHESIS (RELATIONSHIP 2) Sama dengan “relationship” & “conclusion”.

* Istilah yang digunakan UPSR 2008/ 2009

Relationship

State the relationship between the variable that is changed and the variable theat is observed.Nyatakan hubungan di antara pembolehubah yang diubah dan pembolehubah yang diperhati/ diukur.

7. REASON (INFERENCE) / Why / Explain Sebab/ Alasan

- Penerangan tentang “observation” / pemerhatian yang munasabah.

# Observation to support your answer Pemerhatian untuk menyokong sebab/ inferens kamu.

7.1 # Observation to support your answer. Pemerhatian untuk menyokong sebab/ sebab (inferens)

• Disoal selepas soalan Reason (inference)/ Sebab.

Kesilapan Reason (Inference) / sebab (inferens)

1.Tidak pasti apakah pemerhatian utama daripada jadual untuk memberikan inferens (kesimpulan awal/ penerangan).

2.Memberi inferens yang tidak berkaitan pemerhatian utama.

3. Menyatakan pemerhatian bukan sebab/ inferens

3. Jadual 2 menunjukkan catatan pemerhatian ke atas bahan makanan, P dan Q selepas seminggu

Bahan Makanan Pemerhatian selepas seminggu

P

1. Terdapat tompok-tompok

hitam.

2. Berbau busuk

Q Tiada perubahan

Bahan Makanan Pemerhatian selepas seminggu

P

1. Terdapat tompok-tompok

hitam.

2. Berbau busuk

Q Tiada perubahan

UPSR 2002

(a) Berikan dua sebab/ inferens untuk bahan makanan P berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 2.

[Penerangan tentang pemerhatian yang munasabah]

Terdapat bakteria // kulat Tidak diawetkan // Tidak dibekukan //

Tidak ditinkan (sebarang kaedah pengawetan yang sesuai)

Telah basi / rosak Terkena air / lembap (menunjukkan kehadiran air)

Terdedah pada udara / Tidak dibungkus

Tolak –melepasi tarikh luputpanassuhu tidak sesuaimakanan hancur terbiar / dibiarkan

Cage A Cage B

Observation : The cat in cage A is bigger than in cage B

Reason (Inference) : Because the cat in cage A gets more food than the cat in cage B.

Another observation : Cat in cage A is more active compared to cat in cage B.

REASON /SEBAB (INFERENCE)

80

60

40

20

Jan Feb Mac Apr Mei Months

Diagram 2 shows a graph about the remaining number of animal X for five months . State one reason about the number of animal X from January to May based on the information given in Diagram 1.

The number of animals X left 100

Based on facts

Sebab (Inferens) :-

80

60

40

20

Jan Feb MacApr Mei Bulan

Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) tentang bilangan haiwan X yang tinggal dari bulan Januari hingga Mei berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 1.

Bilangan haiwan X yang tinggal 100

Berdasarkan fakta

Reason / Inference

80

60

40

20 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Month

The number of animal X left decreases because the increase in illegal hunting / illegal logging/ destruction of their habitat // not getting enough food // more competition with other animals.

Remaining number of animal X 100

Sebab (Inferens)

80

60

40

20

Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Bulan

Bilangan haiwan X yang tinggal semakin berkurangan kerana semakin banyak pemburuan haram /pemusnahan habitat // Persaingan untuk dapat makanan meningkat

Bilangan haiwan X yang tinggal 100

4. Amir dan Ah Meng are carrying out an investigation. Figure (i) shows Ah meng pulling a load. He find it difficult to pull the load.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 4

Ah Meng designs a trolley to help him to pull the load.Figure (ii) shows that Ah Meng finds it easier to pull the load using te trolley.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 4

Compare the two situation when Ah Meng pulls the load.

Bandingkan dua situasi apabila Ah Meng menarik beban.

(a) State two reasons (inferences) based on your

observations. Nyatakan dua sebab (inferens)

berdasarkan pemerhatian.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 4

Sebab berdasarkan fakta

• More friction on the load without trolley.• Tanpa troli, lebih banyak geseran pada

beban.

• Less force is needed when trolley is used.• Kurang daya diperlukan apabila troli

digunakan.

• Use of trolley makes the work easier.• Penggunaan troli memudahkan kerja.

• Use of trolley makes the work lesser.• Penggunaan troli mengurangkan kerja.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 4

Without trolley With trolley

1. More friction …less friction

2. More force used …less force used

3. More work done …less work done

4. Slow / difficult to move …fast / easy to move

5. More energy …less energy

6. Contact surface more …contact surface less

Choose any pairing to make comparisonsUPSR 2005 – NO. 4

UPSR 2009– NO. 5

Book

Buku

Distance travelled / cm

Jarak yang dilalui /cm

J 10

K 30

The method to push the bookKaedah menolak buku

WTC WTO/ M

(b) State one reason (inference) about the

distance travelled by K.

Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) tentang

jarak yang dilalui oleh K.

1. Less friction // Kurang geseran.

Sebab berdasarkan fakta

(c) Write one observation to support the reason

(inference) in 5 (b).

Tulis satu pemerhatian untuk menyokong

sebab (inferens)di 5(b).

1. Distance travelled by K is more/ further than J.

Jarak yang dilalui oleh K lebih jauh daripada J.

2. K moves easier than J.

K bergerak lebih mudah/ cepat/ laju daripada J.

UPSR 2009 – NO. 5(c)

PlanetPlanet

Time taken by planet to orbit the Sun / yearMasa yang diambil oleh planet untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari / tahun

SaturnZuhal 29.5

UranusUranus 84

NeptuneNeptun 165

PlutoPluto 248

UPSR 2008– NO. 4

WTC = The distance of the planet from the Sun.Jarak planet dari Matahari.

WTC WTO

Sebab berdasarkan WTC

PlanetPlanet


SaturnZuhal 29.5

UranusUranus 84

NeptuneNeptun 165

PlutoPluto 248

UPSR 2008– NO. 4

WTC = The size of the planet’s orbit. Saiz orbit planet.

WTC WTO

Sebab berdasarkan WTC

UPSR 2008– NO. 4

(a) State one reason (inference) about the difference in the time taken by planet Saturn and Pluto. Nyatakan satu inferens tentang perbezaan antara masa yang diambil oleh planet Zuhal dan Pluto.

• The size of Pluto’s orbit is bigger than Saturn’s orbit. Saiz orbit Pluto lebih besar daripada saiz orbit Zuhal. • Pluto is further to the Sun. ……………. Pluto lebih jauh dari Matahari……………

3. 3. The figure shows apparatus used in an The figure shows apparatus used in an investigation.investigation.

UPSR 2004 – NO. 3

Instructions:

1. Fill a beaker with 200 ml of cold water.

2. Add 10 spoons of sugar to the beaker and stir until all the sugar dissolves.

3. Record the time taken for the sugar to dissolves.

Repeat the activities using hot water.

UPSR 2004 – NO. 3

Water temperature / °C 30 90

Time taken for the sugar

to dissolve/second90 60

UPSR 2004 – NO. 3

Inference / use the WTC

Results :

Sebab berdasarkan PEMERHATIAN / DATA

(a) Why do you think the time taken for the sugar to dissolve different?

Give one reason.# Able to state one reason/ inference.

Sample answer:

1. The water temperature is different.2. Sugar dissolved faster in hot water.

# Accept : Water temperature high / water heat is different / water hotness is different / sugar dissolves faster in hot water.

UPSR 2004 – NO. 3

On one night of the 15th day of the Lunar Calender, the moon cannot be seen.

(c) State two possible reasons for this observation.

# [Acceptable explanation of observation]

UPSR 2003 – NO. 4

Example:

1. Rainy (day)2. Cloudy/ cloud 3. Misty/ foggy/ hazy/ snowy4. Eclipse of the Moon / lunar eclipse

(any explanation of lunar eclipse. e.g. : The Moon is hidden by he Earth’s shadow)

5. Its going to rain

# Accept : Bad weather and then raining# Reject : Bad weather , strong wind, dark

UPSR 2003 – NO. 4

Sebab berdasarkan PEMERHATIAN / PENGALAMAN LALU

a) Suggest one reason why the water cools.

[Acceptable explanation of the observation]

Example :

1. Ice/ water is added. 2. Placed under fan/ windy area. //

Blowing

3. Placed in a wider/ larger beaker/ container.

UPSR 2003 – NO. 2

4. Placed in a cold room/ refrigerator.

5. Soaked in cold/ ice water.

6. Stirred / shake.

7. Container made of conductor materials / any type of materials.

UPSR 2003 – NO. 2

8. Heat is loss/ not absorbed

9. Container not covered/ sealed

10. Heat is not supplied// Heating

stopped

UPSR 2003 – NO. 2

# Tolak : air disejukkan/diletak dalam suhu bilik/

pengurangan haba/bekas terbiar/kondensasi

3. Siti has two rubber bands, X and Y. X and Y are of the same length. She carries out an investigation using the rubber bands.

Each rubber band is hung with an identical cup.

Diagram 3.1 shows the result of the investigation.

UPSR 2006 – NO. 3

UPSR 2006 – NO. 3

Rubber band X Rubber band Y

(a) State two inferences about the length of rubber band Y.

Sample answer :

1. Rubber band Y is more elastic / soft.

2. Rubber band Y is thinner.

3. Rubber band Y is older.

4. Rubber band Y was heated.

5. Cup Y has a weight .

UPSR 2006 – NO. 3

Reject : Got material / stretched / more quality

1. Diagram 1 shows the result of an

investigation that shows the response of

plant P .

Sunlight

A INFERENCE / REASON

A INFERENCE / REASON

(a) State one reason ( inference )

based on these information .

Sunlight

1 Diagram 1 shows the result of an investigation that shows the response of plant P .

Steps to answer Steps to answer “Inference / Reason” :-“Inference / Reason” :-

1. Main observation :-

The shoot of plant P bent

towards the hole .2. Give your reason why the shoot of plant P bent

towards the hole ?

The shoot of plant P bent toward the hole

Sun light


the shoot respond to the light .

because

Steps to answer Inference :-

1.Main observation - ( Result)

2.Give a reason based on that observation .

REASON (INFERENCE)

INFERENCE ANSWER :-

The shoot of plant P bent toward the hole

Sun light


the plant need the light to grow .

because

Steps to answer Inference :-

1.Main observation - ( Result)

2.Give a reason based on that observation .

Kesilapan – Soalan 1 (b) / Observation

1. Tidak menyatakan pemerhatian tetapi menyatakan sebab.2. Memberi pemerhatian dan sebab.

OBSERVATION TO SUPPORT YOUR REASON (INFERENCE)

PEMERHATIAN UNTUK MENYOKONG SEBAB (INFERENCE)

(a) State one reason (inference) based on these

information.

Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) berdasarkan

maklumat-maklumat ini.

UPSR 2008 – NO. 1

The chicks are dead in box J because lack of space/ air// competing for space/ air.

Anak ayam mati dalam kotak J kerana kekurangan ruang/ udara // bersaing untuk

ruang/ udara.

(b) Write one observation on the condition of the chicks in box J to support the answer in 1(a).

Tulis satu permerhatian tentang keadaan anak-anak ayam dalam kotak J untuk menyokong jawapan di 1(a).

UPSR 2008– NO. 1

The chicks are The chicks are not active/ weak/ dead. Anak ayam tidak aktif/ lemah/ mati.

Write one observation to support the reason (inference) in 5(c).

Tulis satu permerhatian untuk menyokong sebab (inference) di 5(c).

UPSR 2009– NO. 5 (c)

The chicks are The chicks are not active/ weak/ dead. Anak ayam tidak aktif/ lemah/ mati.

Kesilapan Observation / Pemerhatian1. Tidak menyatakan pemerhatian tetapi menyatakan sebab.2. Memberi pemerhatian dan sebab.

OBSERVATION

(b) Write one observation on the

condition of the plant P to

support the answer in 1(a) .

Sun light

1 Diagram 1 shows the result of an investigation that shows

the response of plant P .

8.PREDICTION / Ramalan // Estimate / What will happen? * Ramalkan apa akan berlaku (jawapan ayat) * Ramalkan panjang/ suhu/ bilangan dll. (perlu pengiraan & jawapan bentuk angka). [berdasarkan pemerhatian pola data / maklumat bukan teka]

MERAMAL :- Proses untuk menjangkakan apakah yang akan berlaku pada masa akan datang berdasarkan kepada pemerhatian dan pengalaman yang lalu atau data yang boleh dipercayai .

Langkah menjawab :-

i) Bentuk jika data dalam bentuk nombor – boleh dikira nombor berdasarkan perubahan setiap bacaan

ii) Bentuk perkataan jika maklumat dalam bentuk ayat / gambarajah , yang tidak boleh dikira dengan nombor .

Kesilapan Prediction (Ramalan)

1. Tidak dapat membuat pengiraan yang tepat mengikut corak perubahan WTO.

2. Tidak menulis jawapan dalam bentuk ayat atau nombor bulat yang tepat mengikut kehendak soalan.

3.Tidak dapat menulis apa yang akan berlaku berdasarkan maklumat yang diberikan.

Number of elephant

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Years

Based on the trend, predict what will happen to the elephant in 2010

The elephant will extinct.

The answer in the form of sentence

K 4 – State what will happened by using data or previous information

K 4 – State what will happened by using data or previous information

Bilangan gajah

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Tahun

Berdasarkan corak perubahan bilangan gajah, ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada gajah pada tahun 2010?

Gajah akan pupus

Jawapan dalam bentuk ayat

a. Predict the water temperature at the 9 minute.b. Ramalkan suhu air pada minit ke-9.

9

80 – 70 = 1010 ÷ 2 = 5

70 + 5 = 75 or80 - 5 = 7575 °C

The answer in the form of number.Jawapan dalam bentuk angka

Time (minute)

Masa (minit) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Water temperature (°C)

Suhu air (°C) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(c)

+3 +3 7+3 10 +5 +5 20+5 25

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

Object

Objek



18

8

5

WTC WTO/ M


9/ 10/ 11/ 12/ 13/ 14/ 15/ 16/ 17

UPSR 2008 – NO. 3

Table 3Jadual 3

Contoh 5 – Jadual :

(4)

-5

- 10

- 15- 20

45

UPSR 2008– NO. 1

(c) The chicks in box K are transferred to box L as shown in Diagram 1.2. Box L is similar to box K but it has only four holes punched by the sides. Anak-anak ayam dalam kotak K dipindahkan ke dalam kotak L seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam kotak rajah 1.2. Kotak L adalah serupa dengan kotak K tetapi hanya mempunyai empat lubang yang ditebuk di tepinya.

UPSR 2008– NO. 1

Diagram 1.2Rajah 1.2

UPSR 2008– NO. 1

Predict what happen to the chicks after four hours.Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada anak-anak ayam itu selepas empat jam.

Some chicks may die/ become weaker/ less active/ breathless.Beberapa anak ayam mati/ menjadi lebih lemah/ kurang aktif/ tercungap-cungap.

UPSR 2008– NO. 4

(c) The time taken by a new planet X to orbit the Sun is 200 years. Based on Table 4, Predict the location of the planet X. Masa yang diambil oleh satu planet baru X untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari adalah 200 tahun. Berdasarkan Jadual 4, ramalkan kedudukan bagi planet X.

PlanetPlanet


SaturnZuhal 29.5

UranusUranus 84

NeptuneNeptun 165

PlutoPluto 248

UPSR 2008– NO. 4

WTC = The distance of the planet from the Sun.Jarak planet dari Matahari.

WTC WTO

200X

UPSR 2008– NO. 4

(c) The time taken by a new planet X to orbit the Sun is 200 years. Based on Table 4, Predict the location of the planet X. Masa yang diambil oleh satu planet baru X untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari adalah 200 tahun. Berdasarkan Jadual 4, ramalkan kedudukan bagi planet X.

• Between Neptune and Pluto. Di antara Neptun dan Pluto.

(e) Predict the height of the shadow if the distance between the object and the source of light is 10 cm ? Answer :More than 100cmRIGHT OR WRONG

Contoh soalan MERAMAL :-

60

20

0 2 4 6 8

Suhu cecair / 0 C

40

80

Bilangan bateri

(e) Ramalkan suhu cecair apabila 5 bateri digunakan.

(e) Cara jawab , ramalkan suhu cecair apabila 5 bateri digunakan :-

60 20

0 2 4 6 8

Suhu cecair / 0 C

40

80

Bilangan bateri

5

?

Bilangan bateriBilangan bateri Suhu cecairSuhu cecair

22 2020

44 4040

66 6060

88 8080

Soalan MERAMAL :-

+ 2

+ 2

+ 2

+ 20

+ 20

+ 20

5 ?


22 2020

44 4040

66 6060

88 8080

Soalan MERAMAL :-

+ 2

+ 2

+ 2

+ 20

+ 20

+ 20

+1 + 20/2


22 2020

44 4040

66 6060

88 8080

Soalan MERAMAL :-

+ 2

+ 2

+ 2

+1 + 10


22 2020

44 4040

66 6060

88 8080

Soalan MERAMAL :-

+ 2

+ 2

+ 2

+1 40 + 10= 50

(e) Cara jawab , ramalkan suhu cecair apabila 5 bateri digunakan :-

60 20

0 2 4 6 8

Suhu cecair / 0 C

40

80

Bilangan bateri

5

50

60

20

0 2 4 6 8

Suhu cecair / 0 C

40

80

Bilangan bateri

(e) Ramalkan suhu cecair apabila 5 bateri digunakan.

Jawapan :- 50 0 C

60

20 0

2 4 6 8

Suhu cecair / 0 C

40

80

Bilangan bateri

Jawapan murid -

Antara 40 0 C hingga 60 0

CBetul atau Salah

Berat beban / gBerat beban / g 00 55 1010 1515 2020 2525Pemanjangan spring / cm

10 13 16 19 19 19

Contoh soalan MERAMAL :-

(b) Apakah yang akan berlaku pada pemanjangan spring selepas 25 g berat beban digunakan ? Jawapan :-

Tidak berubah // Tetap

Berat garamBerat garam 1010 2020 3030 4040 5050Masa garam Masa garam melarut dalam melarut dalam air / saatair / saat

33 66 1010 1515 2121

a) Ramalkan masa garam melarut dalam air jika berat garam 25 g ?

Jawapan :- 8 saat

8

25 g

Berat garam / gBerat garam / g Masa garam melarut Masa garam melarut dalam air / saatdalam air / saat

1010 33

2020 66

3030 1010

4040 1515

5050 2121

Soalan MERAMAL :-

+ 10

+ 10

+ 10

+ 10

+ 3

+ 4

+ 5

+ 6

LATIHAN

The table below shows the result of investigation carried out by Izzati. She puts a few marbles of the same size one after another into a measuring cylinder which contain 60 cm3 of water.

Number of marbles

Bilangan guli0 1 2 3 4 5

The level of water (ml)

Paras air (ml)60 68 76 84 92 100

1

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan yang dijalankan oleh Izzati. Dia memasukkan beberapa biji guli yang sama saiz, satu persatu ke dalam silinder penyukat yang mengandungi 60 cm3 air.

WTC

diubah

WTO

diperhati

WTS

ditetapkan

Relationship /

Hubungan

As the WTC increase/decrease the WTO/M increase/decrease.

Semakin bertambah/berkurang WTC, semakin bertambah / berkurang WTO/M

Purpose

Tujuan

To find out / investigate the relationship between,

Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara WTC dengan WTO

1 3 4 5

80

60

40

20

Distance thrown /cm

Jarak balingan / cm

Weight of metal ball / kg

Berat bola logam / kg

2

WTC

WTO

WTKS

Relationship

Purpose To investigate the relationship between WTC and WTO,

Diagram shows sponges P, Q and R

A student has conducted an experiment of these three sponges. The following is his observation.

Sponge P can absorb 20 ml of water at one time.

Sponge Q can absorb 50 ml of water at one time.

Sponge R can absorb 100 ml of water at one time.

3 DIAGRAM ANDSTATEMENT

Sponges

Span

Volume of water absorbed (ml)

Isipadu air yang diserap (ml)

WTC

WTO

WKTS

Relationship

Purpose To find out / investigate the relationship between,

Some sugar were left near the ants trails at 8.00 am.The number of ants coming is recorded . Sejumlah gula telah diletakkan di laluan semut.Bilangan semut yang datang direkodkan.

8.00 am8.00 pagi

8.30am8.30pagi

9.00 am9.00pagi

4 DIAGRAM

WTC

diubah

WTO

diperhati

WKTS

ditetapkan

Relationship /

Hubungan

As the WTC increase/decrease the WTO/M increase/decrease.

Semakin bertambah/berkurang WTC, semakin bertambah / berkurang WTO/M

Purpose

Tujuan

To find out / investigate the relationship between,

Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara WTC dengan WTO

8.00 am 0

8.30 am 3

9.00 am 6

Time Number of ants coming

Fatin carries out an investigation by using three airtight glass containers, P, Q and R, which are different in size. She put one grasshopper into each container.

The grasshopper in container P dies first followed by that in container Q and then that in container R

5 DIAGRAM

Fatin menjalankan penyiasatan dengan menggunakan tiga bekas kaca P, Q dan R yang berbeza saiz. Dia memasukkan seekor belalang ke dalam setiap bekas.

Belalang dalam bekas P mati dahulu diikuti belalang dalam bekas Q dan kemudian belalang dalam bekas R.

5 RAJAH

The diagram shows ramps that have the same length but are different in height. A trolley is released from the top of each ramp. The time taken for a trolley to reach at the end of the ramp is recorded

Time taken = 10 saat Time taken = 5 saat

6 DIAGRAM

WTC Height of ………..

WTO Time taken to reach the ……..

WKTS

Relationship As the ……..

Purpose To find out / investigate the relationship between,

1.

Iron container

2.

Type of container

Shape of container

What is changed ?

What is changed ?

Plastic container Glass container

Container X Container Y Container Z

1.

Bekas besi

2.

Jenis bekas

Bentuk bekas

Ubah?

Ubah?

Bekas plastik

Bekas kaca

Container X Container Y Container Z

3 balls X , Y and Z are used in a fair test. Each of the 3 balls are released from a height of 3 metres. The height the ball bounces is recorded in the table below .


3 m 3 m 3 m

Floor


3 m 3 m 3 m

Floor

Ball Ball XX YY ZZWeight of ball / Weight of ball / gg 2020 4040 6060Height of bounces Height of bounces (cm)(cm) 1515 1313 1111


3 m 3 m 3 mFloor

BallBall X Y Z

Weight of the ball / g 20 40 60The height of bounces (cm)

15 13 11

1.Changed :- Weight of the ball2.Observed :- Height of bounces

3.Kept the same: Size of ball / Height of the ball released

EXERCISESEXERCISES

What is changed?

1.1.

2.2.

Container A

Tin J Tin K Tin L

Colour of the tin

The size of container or The height of container

Container CContainer B

What is changed? :

LATIHANLATIHAN

Ubah?

1.1.

2.2.

Bekas A

Tin J Tin K Tin L

Warna tin

Saiz bekas / Ketinggian bekas

Bekas CBekas B

Ubah?

3.

String Q

4.

Vinegar

Thickness of string

Type of liquid

3.

4.

What is changed ?

What is changed ?

String SString R

Water Oil

3.

Benang Q

4.

Cuka

Saiz / Ketebalan benang

Jenis cecair

3.

4.

Ubah?

Ubah?

Benang SBenang R

Air Minyak

5.

Batteries

6.

Number of batteries

Type of container

What is changed ?

What is changed?

Iron containerGlass container

Plastic container

5.

Bateri

6.

Bilangan bateri

Jenis bekas

Ubah?

Ubah?

Bekas besi

Bekas kaca

Bekas plastik

7.

Box A Box B Box C

8.

Magnet X Magnet Y Magnet Z

Height of box

Shape of magnet

What is changed?

What is changed?

7.

Kotak A Kotak B Kotak C

8.

Magnet X Magnet Y Magnet Z

Ketinggian kotak

Bentuk magnet

Ubah?

Ubah?

9.

Termometer 50 0 C 70 0 C 60 0 C

350 ml oil

350 ml oil

10.

Ruler X Ruler ZRuler Y

Temperature of oil

Length of ruler

350 ml

oil

What is changed?

What is changed?

9.

Termometer 50 0 C 70 0 C 60 0 C

350 ml oil

350 ml oil

10.

Pembaris X Pembaris Z

Pembaris Y

Suhu minyak

Panjang pembaris

350 ml

oil

Ubah?

Ubah?

11.

12.

1980 2000 1990

Method of ploughing

Number of year

What is changed?

What is changed?

Picture A Picture B

11.

12.

1980 2000 1990

Kaedah membajak

Tahun

Ubah?

Ubah?

13.

Model P

14

Base area of model

The presence of water

What is changed?

What is changed?

Model RModel Q

Water

13.

Model P

14

Luas tapak

Kehadiran/ isipadu air

Ubah?

Ubah?

Model RModel Q

Water

Ball X travelled 2

metres until it stopped

Ball Y travelled 3 metres until it

stopped

What is observed?

The distance travelled by the ball until it stopped

13

14The result shows that towel X is

heavier than towel Y after one hour .

What is observed?

The weight of towel after one hour .

15.

16.Object X will rust

Temperature of water

Rusting of object

What is changed?

What is observed?

500 ml of hot water

500 ml of cold water

Beaker X :- Beaker Y :-

Object Y will not rust

Object X can rust

Object Y cannot rust

What is observed?

The rusting of object

13

14 The result shows that the bulb does not light up when connected to plastic ruler. while using steel ruler the bulb

can light up .

What is observed :- The ability of bulb to light up

70 0 C of water 90 0 C of water

Balloon A

Balloon B

What is observed?

Temperature of water


Balloon A

Balloon B

What is observed?

The size of balloon


Balloon A

Balloon B

What is changed?

Size of balloon

What is observed?

Beaker A Beaker B

Seaweed

Oil layer 600

ml of water

600 ml of water

Condition of seaweed

( stay alive or dead )

Picture shows the method to plough paddy field .

Picture A Picture B

The result shows that it is easier to plough the paddy field in picture P compare to picture A .

(a)Changed : The method to plough paddy field

(b)Measured: The amount of energy used

50 ml of water

Changed:-

50 ml of oil

Rusty nailNot rusty nailPresence of water and air

Measured:- The rusting of nail

Kept the same :-

The type of nail // The size of nail // The volume of liquid

a. In this experiment, state

i. what is changed:

ii. what is measured

iii. what is kept the same:

Distance traveled by toy car

Type of toy car

Type of surface

Type of surface

Distance traveled by toy car

Type of toy car

-

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

4 6 8 10 12

Ais

Number of ice cubes (WTC)

Volume of water collected (ml) (WTO)

BAR CHART

WTO

WTC

Rubber band Wooden block

PICTURE / DIAGRAM

teknik b julai 2011

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