sispro 8 distribusi & logistik 10 17 nov 2015

7/23/2019 SISPRO 8 Distribusi & Logistik 10 17 Nov 2015

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Distribusi & Logistik

I. Skema Sistem Distribusi

II. Distribution Centers (DC) & Warehousing

III. E-Business

IV. Distribusi

V. Mekanisme DRP

Kuliah ke-8:

HW #5: Kerjakan ulang Contoh DRP halaman 34-36 ppt ini. (tidak dikumpul)

SISTEM PRODUKSI

Kuliah ke-8: Selasa, 10-17 November 2015


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I. Skema Sistem Distribusi

Factory

Central

Supply

Distribution

Center A

Customers

Distribution

Center B

Distribution

Center C


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Distribution Inventory Objectives

To provide the required level of customer service

To minimize the cost of transportation and

handling

To interact with the factory to minimize schedulingproblems


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Distribution

Encompasses all channels, processes, and functions,

including warehousing and transportation, that a product

passes on its way to final customer

Often called logistics

Logistics

Transportation and distribution of goods and services

Driving force today is speed

Particularly important for Internet dot-coms


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Logistics

Logistics:

Refers to the movement of materials and

information within a facility and to incoming andoutgoing shipments of goods and materials in asupply chain

Logistics:

The art and science of obtaining, producing, and

distributing material and product in the proper

place and in a proper quantities.

(The Association for Operations Management)


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Contoh: Amazon.com

Jeff Bezos (1995): Amazon.com started as avirtual retailer no inventory, no warehouses,no overhead; just computers taking orders to befilled by others

Growth has forced Amazon.com to become aworld leader in warehousing and inventory

management


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Contoh:

Amazon.com


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Design for Logistics

Economic packaging and transportation Designing products that can be efficiently packed and stored

Cheaper to transport:

redesign if products cube out before they weigh out

less storage space, stack easily, ship in bulk Concurrent and parallel processingModify the manufacturing process (product design)

Steps that were performed in sequence can now be completed atthe same time

Postponement / delayed differentiationAggregate demand information is more accurate than disaggregate data:

Re-sequencing, commonality, modularity, standardization


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II. Distribution Centers (DC) &Warehousing

DCs are some of the largest business facilities in

the US

Trend is for more frequent orders in smallerquantities

Flow-through facilities and automated material

handling

Postponement final assembly and product configuration may

be done at the DC


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2.1. Warehouse Management Systems (WMS)

Highly automated system that runs day-to-day

operations of a DC

Controls item putaway, picking, packing, andshipping

Features

transportation management

order management

yard management

labor management

warehouse optimization


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Contoh: A WMS


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2.2. Postponement

Postponementmoves some final manufacturing steps like assy or individualproduct customization into warehouse or distribution center.

Examples:

HP Deskjet Printer configuration Taco Bell

Postponement of final programming of semiconductor devices Assemble to order rather than assemble to stock (Dell Computer) Bennetton Corporation producing grey stock

- Benefit: reduce lead time

- Disbenefit: create higher inventory carrying costs.

Therefore: SC members must work together to synchronize their demandforecasts and carefully manage inventory.


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2. 3. Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)

Manufacturers generate orders, not distributors

or retailers

Stocking information is accessed using EDI

A first step towards supply chain collaboration Increased speed, reduced errors, and improved

service

Contoh: P&G dan Wal, Dell Computer

VMI: Contoh dari mengapa database informasi

dan kolaborasi dibutuhkan.

Contoh: P&G dengan Wall-Mart, dan Dell Inc.


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Contoh VMI: P&G - Wal-Mart


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Contoh: Relationship between Facilities and

Functions along the Wal-Mart Supply Chain

Keyword: process integration, real time, share database


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2.4. Collaborative Planning, Forecasting

& Replenishment (CPFR)

Process for two or more companies in a supply chain tosynchronize their demand forecasts into a single plan tomeet customer demand

Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment(CPFR) create greater economies of scale

Parties electronically exchange

past sales trends

point-of-sale data on-hand inventory scheduled promotions forecasts

CPFR membutuhkan dukungan database dari masing-

masing perusahaan yang terlibat, dan kolaborasi (kerjasama,

saling percaya, positive thinking, win-win solution).


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2.5. ERP (SCM Software)

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Software that integrates components of a company by

sharing and organizing information and data

ERP software: SAP, Oracle, etc.

Objective ERP System:

Mengkoordinasikan keseluruhan bisnis dan informasi perusahaan,

dari evaluasi supplier sampai invoice untuk pelanggan (customers).

Kemampuan ERP:

1). Mengintegrasikan secara otomatis seluruh business processes.

2). Sharing database, dan praktek-praktek bisnis di dalam perusahaan.

3). Informasi secara real time.


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Contoh: Linking Supply Chain with SAP


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MRP and ERP Information Flows, Integrated withOther Systems

SCM

CRM


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III. E-Business

Information Technology as Supply Chain Enabler


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Illustration: RFID Capabilities


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Illustration: RFID Capabilities (cont.)


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Contoh: Build-to-Order Cars


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E-Procurement

Direct purchase from suppliers over the Internet Direct products go directly into production

process a product, indirect products not

E-marketplaces

web sites where companies and suppliersconduct business-to-business activities

Reverse auction a company posts orders on the Internet for

suppliers to bid on


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Contoh E- Procurement: Online Sourcing/

Procurement Process


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Online Sourcing/ Procurement Process (cont.)


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Online Sourcing/ Procurement Process (cont.)


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IV. Distribusi

Distribusi - Pemindahan produk atau material

antara beberapa lokasi

Manajemen Distribusi - Pengaturan material danproduk pada tempat penerimaan, penyimpanan

(store), packaging, dan pengiriman (shipment)

pesanan.

Distribution Center - Tempat menerima,menangani, menyimpan, mengepak, dan

mengirim produk.


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Distribution inventories

Permintaan pada

distribution center

uniform


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Pemesanan

distribution center

saat order point dicapai

Permintaan pada

central supply tergantung

pada saat pemesanan

dari distribution centers

ROP

Lead Time


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Klasifikasi Sistem Distribusi

1. Sistem Desentralisasi (Pull System)

Cirinya:Tiap distribution center menentukan apa &kapan pemesanan barang, dan kapan melakukan

pemesanan ke central supply. Kelebihan:Tiap center beroperasi secara bebas,

dan mengurangi biaya komunikasi dan koordinasi.

Kelemahan:Kurang koordinasi yang berdampakpada inventories, customer service, dan factory

schedules.

Sistem pemesanan:Bisa order point atau periodicreview system.


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2. Sistem Sentralisasi (Push System)

Cirinya: Semua peramalan permintaan,perencanaan dan keputusan pemesanan

dilakukan secara terpusat (oleh central supply).

Kelebihan:

Stok di pushed ke distribution centers daricentral supply

Stok terdistribusi ke seluruh centers.

Kelemahan:

Distribution centers sangat tergantung danhanya menerima pasokan dari central supply

Ada kemungkinan short supply di centers.


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V. Mekanisme DRP

(Distribution Requirement Planning)

Week 1 2 3

Planned Order Release 200 200

Week 1 2 3

Planned Order Release 100

Distribution Center A

Part 5678

Distribution Center B

Part 5678

Week 1 2 3

Gross Requirements

Scheduled Receipts

Projected Available 400

Planned Order Release

200

200

500

100

100

200

500

400

Central Supply

Part 5678

Lead Time: 2 weeks

Order Quantity: 500


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Contoh DRP

Diketahui:Pabrik mesin pemotong rumput (lawnmowers)

mempunyai central supply dan dua distribution center.

Permintaan distribution center A 25, 30, 55, 50 dan 30

unit selama 5 minggu dan mempunyai 100 unit in transit pada

minggu ke-2. Waktu transit 2 minggu, order quantity 100 unitdan ada 50 unit di tangan.

Distribution center B meramalkan permintaan 95, 85, 100, 70 dan50 unit selama 5 minggu. Waktu transit 1 minggu, order quantity200 unit, dan ada 100 unit di tangan.

Hitung:

a) Gross requirement, projected available, and planned order

release untuk kedua distribution center; dan

b) Gross requirements, projected available, dan planned order release

untuk central warehouse!


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Week 1 2 3 4 5

Gross Requirements 25 30 55 50 30

In Transit 100 100

Projected Available 50 25 95 40 90 60


Distribution Center A

Transit Time: 2 weeks

Order Quantity: 100 units

Week 1 2 3 4 5

Gross Requirements 95 85 100 70 50

In Transit

Projected Available 100 5 120 20 150 100

Planned Order Release 200 200

Distribution Center B

Transit Time: 1 week



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Week 1 2 3 4 5

Gross Requirements 200 100 200

Scheduled Receipts

Projected Available 400 200 100 400


Central Supply

Lead Time: 2 weeks



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THANK YOU

sispro 8 distribusi & logistik 10 17 nov 2015

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