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Masalah Kesehatan KepulauanMasalah Kesehatan Kepulauan

PENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJAPENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJA

Dr. Stefany Adi Wahyuningrum,SpPD

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Underwater PhysiologyUnderwater Physiology

Repirati!nRepirati!n

Effe"t !f heat and "!#dEffe"t !f heat and "!#d

Bar!traumaBar!trauma Preure re#ated pr!$#emPreure re#ated pr!$#em

% Dire"tDire"t

% Indire"tIndire"t

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RespirationRespiration

The $reathing "y"#eThe $reathing "y"#e

&'ygen "!numpti!n&'ygen "!numpti!n

(ar$!n di!'ide(ar$!n di!'ide Breath h!#dingBreath h!#ding

)yp!'ia)yp!'ia

hyper"apnia*hyp!"apniahyper"apnia*hyp!"apnia (ar$!n m!n!'ide p!i!ning(ar$!n m!n!'ide p!i!ning

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RespirationRespiration

Air Must Pass ThroughDead Spaces

Respiration

The Process

Movement of air intoand out of the lungs

Transport of oxygento the cells and removal

of carbon dioxide

Approx. 5% Oxygen Consumed

Caron Dioxide!ncreases 5%

Sha""o# $ater "ac&outCaused y 'xcessi(e)yper(enti"ation

S&ip reathing Causes)ypercapnia

Air #ith *ess Than +,%O- at +atma $i"" otSupport Consciousness

Mouth, Nose,Throat

Diaphragm

Lungs

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli eart

Lungs

!apillaries

"ena !ava

Aorta #ulmonary Artery

#ulmonary"ein

!$%

$% !$%

$%

)emog"oin Mo"ecu"esin /ed "ood Ce""sCarry Oxygen

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(ar$!n m!n!'ide p!i!ning

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Temperature InjuriesTemperature Injuries

Temperature &n'uries

Progressi(e Symptoms and '00ects

eat !old1 Cramps

1 'xhaustion

1 Stro&e

Profuse Sweating

Weakness

MalaiseDry !lushed Skin

Coo" 2ictim

Ora" 3"uids4rehidration

o Ca00eine4A"coho"

Sym

ptom

s

1 )ypothermia

Un"ontrolled Shi#ering

$oss of %oord&De'terity

(um)ness

(arm "ictim

No !affeine

No Alcohol

Sym

ptom

s

+stAid

+stA

id

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Pressure Related Pro)lemsPressure Related Pro)lems

*dire"t+*dire"t+ De"entDe"ent

+uee-e+uee-e

% EarEar

% SinueSinue

% /a0/a0

% Th!ra"i"Th!ra"i"

% TeethTeeth

% St!ma"h*IntetineSt!ma"h*Intetine

% SuitSuit

A"entA"ent

+e'pani!n+e'pani!n

% Air em$!#imAir em$!#im

% Pneum!th!ra'Pneum!th!ra'

% /ediatina#/ediatina#

EmphyemaEmphyema

% Su$"utane!uSu$"utane!u

EmphyemaEmphyema

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Pressure Related Pro)lemsPressure Related Pro)lems

*indire"t+*indire"t+ De"!mprei!n i"0neDe"!mprei!n i"0ne

% Nitr!gen partia# preureNitr!gen partia# preure% S!#u$i#ityS!#u$i#ity

Nitr!gen nar"!iNitr!gen nar"!i

&'ygen t!'i"ity&'ygen t!'i"ity

Nit iNit i

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Nitrogen narcosisNitrogen narcosis

Nitrogen Narcosis

/apture o0 the Deep 1 Martinis *a#

)*R+A!

-./0112

0.1/0-.2

%1123

Thin4ing and

5udgment

POT'T!A**6

Affected

!ommunication,

Motor and Mental

Tas4s !MPA!/'D

OT ! COT/O*

)ymptoms and ffects on

&ndividual Diver "ary

(ith Depth and xposure6

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Barotrauma

Direct Pressure/e"ated Pro"ems

!ndirect Pressure/e"ated Pro"ems

/ Descent 7!ompression8 S7uee8es

'ar9 Sinus9 *ung9Stomach9 !ntestina"9Tooth9 '7uipment

/ Ascent 7xpansion8

*ung /uptures 1Sucutaneous and

Mediastina" 'mphysemaPneumothorax

Air 'mo"ism

/ Decompression )ic4ness 7The Bends8 7D!)8

/ Nitrogen Narcosis

/ $xygen Toxicity

Descend and Ascend)lo9ly to Minimi:e#otential #roblems

N"R $LD ;$*RBRAT $N )!*BA