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@A@ I

XCEBADSNSAE

A. Xcegcrtiae

Gagan scram`i firi atau faeae bari kaetueg mcegafi`atfae fctibaf

mampuae mcm`crifae fcnuarae yaeg oufup uetuf mcmceudi fc`utudae

kariegae bae mceyc`a`fae tcrkabieya flegcsti punmlean bae sistcmif.

Farceaeya biagelstif bae tcrapcutif `crnaekut . GKF scnaekuteya bidu`uegfae

bcegae mlr`ibitas bae mlrtanitas. (Blceglcs, 0888)

Gagan kaetueg olegcsti abanad fctibafmampuae kaetueg uetueg

mcmlmpa barad yaeg oufup uetuf mcmceudi fc`utudae kariegae tcrdabap

lfsigce bae eutrice bifarceafae abaeya fcnaieae juegsi kaetueg yaeg `crafi`at

kaetueg gagan mcmlmpa barad uetuf mcmceudi fc`utudae mcta`lnism kariegae

bae atau fcmampuaeeya daeya aba `ina biscrtai pceieggiae tcfaeae pcegisiae

vcetrifcn firi. (_uzaeec O. bae @arc, 0880)

_cbaegfae pcegcrtiae mceurut Maesklcr, Arij bff. (0881) gagan kaetueg

bibcjieisifae sc`agai flebisi bimaea kaetueg gagan uetuf mcegcnuarfae isieya

scoara abcfuat.

@. Fnasijifasi gagan kaetueg

Gagan kaetueg flegcstij (ODJ) bi`agi mcekabi 2 fnasijifasi mceurut EYDA yaitu ;

FCNA_ BCJIEI_I I_RINAD

I Fnice bcegae fcnaieae kaetueg tctapi

taepa pcm`atasae aftijitas jisif

Bisjuegsi vcetrifcn

firi yaeg

asimtlmatif

II Fnice bcegae fcnaieae kaetueg yaeg

mceyc`a`fae scbifit pcm`atasae

Gagan kaetueg

riegae

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aftijitas jisif

III Fnice bcegae fcnaieae kaetueg yaeg

mceyc`a`fae `aeyaf pcm`atasae

aftijitas jisif

Gagan kaetueg

scbaeg

IZ Fnice bcegae fcnaieae kaetueg yaeg

scgana `cetuf aftijitas jisifeya afae

mceyc`a`fae fcnudae

Gagan kaetueg crat

O. Ctilnlgi

Gagan kaetueg flegcstij bapat bisc`a`fae lncd aeyaf dan.

_coara cpibcmilnlgi oufup pcetieg uetuf mcegctadui pceyc`a` barigagan kaetueg, bi ecgara `crfcm`aeg pceyafit artcri flrlecr bae

dipcrtcesi mcrupafae pceyc`a` tcr`aeyaf, scbaegfae bi ecgara

`crfcm`aeg yaeg mcekabi pceyc`a` tcr`aeyaf abanad pceyafit kaetueg

fatup bae pceyafit kaetueg afi`at maneutrisi. Xaba c`crapa fcabaae

saegat sunit uetuf mcecetufae pceyc`a` bari gagan kaetueg.

Mceurut Olwic MP, Bar L (0884), pceyc`a` gagan kaetueg bapat

bifnasijifasifae banam : fatcglri utama (Aeurlgl, 0889), yafei ;

1. Fcgaganae yaeg `crdu`uegae bcegae a`elrmanitas milfarb,

bapat bisc`a`fae lncd dinaegeya milsit (iejarf milfarb), fletrafsi

yaeg tibaf tcrfllrbieasi (ncjt `uebnc `raeod `nlof), `crfuraegeya

fletraftinitas (farbilmilpati).

0. Fcgaganae yaeg `crdu`uegae bcegae lvcrnlab (dipcrtcesi).

?. Fcgaganae yaeg `crdu`uegae bcegae a`elrmanitas fatup.

2. Fcgaganae yaeg bisc`a fae a`elrmanitas ritmc kaetueg (tafifarbi)

3. Fcgaganae yaeg bisc`a`fae a`elrmanitas pcrifarb atau cjusi

pcrifarb (tampleabc)

:. Fcnaieae flegceitan kaetueg.

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B. Xatljisilnlgi ataupatdway

C. Maeijcstasi fnieif

1. Xceiegfatae vlnumc ietravasfunar (gam`arae blmieae)

0. Flegcsti kariegae tcrkabi afi`at tcfaeae artcri bae vcea mceiegfat

afi`at gagan kaetueg

?. Xceiegfatae bcsafae vcea punmlean bapat mceyc`a`fae oairae

mceganir bari fapincr paru fcanvclni, afi`ateya tcrkabi cbcma paru,

bitaebai lncd `atuf bae scsaf eajas,

2. Xceiegfatae bcsafae vcea sistcmif scpcrti yaeg tcrnidat paba cbcma

pcrijcr umum bae pceam`adae `crat `abae.

3. Xceurueae ourad kaetueg bcegae biscrtai pceieg, fcfaoauae mcetan,

fcnctidae, ietlncraesi kaetueg tcrdabap natidae, cfstrcmitas biegie bae

lniguria.

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:. Rcfaeae pcrjusi giekan mceurue mcegafi`atfae pcncpasae rceeie bari

giekan mceyc`a`fae scfrcsi anblstcrle, rctcesi Ea bae oairae, scrta

pceiegfatae vlnumc

Gagan kaetueg aba bua yaitu gagan kaetueg faeae bae gagan kaetueg firi,

vcetrifcn faeae bae vcetrifcn firi bapat mceganami fcgaganae tcrpisad.

1. Gagan kaetueg firi

Zcetrifcn firi tibaf mampu mcmlmpa barad bari paru scdiegga

tcrkabi pceiegfatae tcfaeae sirfunasi paru mcegafi`atfae oairae tcrblrleg

fc kariegae paru, mceim`unfae cbcma paru afut. Raebaeya ; (bispeca,

`atuf, mubad ncnad, tafifarbi, `ueyi kaetueg _?, ocmas, gcnisad).

Bispeca farcea pceim`ueae oairae banam anvclni, iei `isa tcrkabi saat

istiradat / aftivitas.

Lrtlpelc ; fcsunitae `creajas saat `cr`arieg, `iasaeya yaeg tcrkabi

manam dari (parlximan eloturean bispeca/ XEB)

@atuf ; fcrieg / prlbuftij, yaeg scrieg abanad `atuf `asad biscrtai `croaf

barad

Mubad ncnad ; afi`at ourad kaetueg mceurue scdiegga mcegdam`at

kariegae bari sirfunasi elrman bae lfsigce scrta mceurueeya pcm`uaegae

sisa dasin fata`lnismc. Kuga mceiegfateya cecrgi yaeg bigueafae.

Gcnisad bae ocmas ; afi`at gaegguae lfsigceasi kariegae, strcss afi`at

fcsafitae creajas.

0. Gagan kaetueg faeae

_isi kaetueg faeae tibaf mampu mceglslegfae vlnumc barad

bcegae abcfuat scdiegga bapat mcegaflmlbasi barad scoara elrman

fcm`ani bari sirfunasi vcea. Maeijcstasi fnieis yaeg eampaf abanad ;

cbcma cfstrcmitas (pittieg cbcma), pceam`adae @@, dcpatlmcgani,

bistcesi vcea ncdcr, asitcs (pceim`ueae oairae banam rlegga

pcritlecum), aelrcfsia, muan, muetad, elfturia bae ncmad.

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a. Cbcma 6 munai bari fafi bae tumit, `crtadap fcatas tuegfai bae

pada afdireya fcgceania cfstcrea bae tu`ud `agiae `awad.

Bcrakat cbcma ;

1) Bcrakat I ; Mcecfae scbanam 0 mm afae fcm`ani bcegae ocpat

0) Bcrakat II ; mcecfae nc`id banam 2 mm bae afae fcm`ani banam

waftu 18-13 bctif

?) Bcrakat III ; mcecfae nc`id banam (: mm) afae fcm`ani banam

waftu 5 1 mceit, tampaf `cegfaf

2) Bcrakat IZ ; mcecfae nc`id banam nagi (4 mm) afae fcm`ani

banam waftu 0-3 mceit, tampaf saegat `cegfaf yaeg eyata

`. Xittieg cbcma ; cbcm bcegae pcecfaeae ukueg kari

o. Dcpatlmcgani ; eycri tcfae paba faeae atasa`blmce farcea

pcm`csarae vcea bidcpar.

b. Asitcs ; pcegumpunae oairae banam rlegga a`blmce bapat

mcegafi`atfae tcfaeae paba biajragma bae bistrcss pcreajasae.

c. Aelrcfsia bae muan ; tcrkabi farcea bcsafae vcea bae stasis

vcea banam rlegga a`blmcej. Elfturia ; iegie fceoieg manam dari tcrkabi farcea jcrjusi rcean

bibufueg lncd plsisi pcebcrita saat `cr`arieg. Biurcsis tcr`aif

paba manam dari farcea ourad kaetueg afae mcm`aif bcegae

istiradat.

g. Ncmad ; farcea mceurueeya ourad kaetueg, gaegguae sirfunasi

bae pcm`uaegae prlbuf sampad fata`lnismc yaeg tibaf abcfuat

bari kariegae.

J. Jaftlr Pisifl

Pisifl tcrkaegfit Gagan Kaetueg Flegcstij mceiegfat apa`ina;

1. _clraeg Xcrlflf

Mcrlflf mcrupafae jaftlr risifl utama uetuf pceyafit artcri

pcrijcr (XAB). XAB.abanad suatu flebisi bimaea pnaf mceumpuf bi artcri

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yaeg mcm`awa barad fc fcpana, lrgae, bae aegglta `abae. Lraeg yaeg

mcminifi XAB `craba paba pceiegfatae risifl uetuf pceyafit kaetueg,

scraegae kaetueg bae strlfc.Xaba sclraeg yaeg mcrlflf, asap rlflf

afae mcrusaf biebieg pcm`unud barad. Fcmubiae eifltie yaeg

tcrfaebueg banam asap rlflf afae mcraegsaeg dlrmle abrceanie yaeg

afi`ateya afae mcegu`ad mcta`lnismc ncmaf bimaea fabar DBN afae

mceurue. Abrceanie kuga afae mceyc`a`fae pcraegsaegae fcrka kaetueg

bae mceycmpitfae pcm`unud barad (spasmc). Bisampieg itu abrceanie

afae mceyc`a`fae tcrkabieya pcegcnlmplfae trlm`lsit. _cdiegga scmua

prlscs pceycmpitae afae tcrkabi. Kabi asap rlflf yaeg tampafeya

scbcrdaea itu bapat mcekabi pceyc`a` pceyafit kaetueg flrlecr.

0. Mcminifi Dipcrtcesi

Dipcrtcesi tcrkabi farcea mceycmpiteya pcm`unud barad yaeg

biafi`atfae lncd mcegcebapeya fansium (barad banam flebisi tcrnanu

`asa) bae flncstcrln bi biebieg pcm`unud barad. Bitam`ad bcegae

flescetrasi barad yaeg fcetan farcea tieggieya eatrium `crafi`at anirae

barad furaeg naeoar scdiegga mcegdam`at supnai mafaeae bae lfsigcefc kariegae bae scn tu`ud.Flebisi tcrsc`ut mcmaou kaetueg uetuf

`crgcraf bae `cfcrka nc`id fcras, afi`ateya tcfaeae barad mcekabi tieggi.

Banam kaegfa waftu tcrtcetu `isa mceyc`a`fae scraegae kaetueg. Bae

`ina pceycmpitae pcm`unud barad tcrkabi bi ltaf mafa afae

mcegafi`atfae tcrkabieya strlfc.

?. Mcminifi Fcrusafae Kaetueg Flegceitan

Xceyafit kaetueg flegceitan mcmpcegarudi sctiap `agiae bari

kaetueg scpcrti ltlt kaetueg, fatup, bae pcm`unud barad.Xceyafit kaetueg

flegceitan mcegaou paba masanad bcegae struftur kaetueg bae juegsi

farcea pcegcm`aegae kaetueg yaeg tibaf elrman sc`cnum fcnadirae.

2. Mcebcrita iejcfsi virus

3. _c`cnumeya pcread mcebcrita Iejarf Milfarb

Gagan kaetueg firi mcrupafae flmpnifasi mcfaeis yaeg panieg

scrieg tcrkabi sctcnad iejarf milfarbium.Iejarf milfarbium mceggaeggu

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juegsi milfarbium farcea mceyc`a`fae mceurueeya fcfuatae fletrafsi,

mceim`unfae a`elrmanitas gcrafae biebieg bae mcegu`ad baya fcm`aeg

ruaeg kaetueg. Bcegae `crfuraegeya fcmampuae vcetrifcn firi uetuf

mceglslegfae biri, mafa `csar vlnumc scfueoup `crfuraeg scdiegga

vlnumc sisa vcetrifcn mceiegfat. Dan iei mceyc`a`fae pceiegfatae

tcfaeae kaetueg sc`cnad firi. Fceaifae tcfaeae iei bisanurfae fc `cnafaeg

fc vcea punmleani. @ina tcfaeae dibrlstatif banam fapincr paru mcnc`idi

tcfaeae lefltif vasfunar mafa tcrkabi prlscs traesubasi fc banam ruaeg

ietcrstisian. @ina tcfaeae iei masid mceiegfat nagi, tcrkabi cbcma paru-paru

afi`at pcrcm`csae oairae fc banam anvclni.

Xceurueae vlnumc scfueoup afae mceim`unfae rcsple simpatis

flmpcesatlrif. Fcocpatae bceyut kaetueg bae fcfuatae fletrafsi

mceiegfat uetuf mcmpcrtadaefae ourad kaetueg. Rcrkabi vaslflestrifsi

pcrijcr uetuf mcesta`infae tcfaeae artcri bae rcbistri`usi anirae barad bari

lrgae-lrgae yaeg tibaf vitan scpcrti giekan bae funit bcmi mcmpcrtadaefae

pcrjusi lrgae-lrgae vitan. Zcelflestrifsi afae mceiegfatfae anirae `anif

vcea fc kaetueg faeae, scdiegga afae mceiegfatfae fcfuatae fletrafsi

(scsuai dufum kaetueg _tarnieg). Xceguraegae anirae barad giekan bae naku

jntrasi gnlmcrunus afae mcegafi`atfae pcegaftijae sistcm rceie-

aegiltcesie-anblstcrle, bcegae tcrkabieya rctcesi eatrium bae air lncd

giekan. Dan iei afae nc`id mceiegfatfae anirae `anif vcea.

Gagan kaetueg firi bapat `crfcm`aeg mcekabi gagan kaetueg

faeaeafi`at mceiegfateya tcfaeae vasfunar paru diegga mcm`c`aei

vcetrifcn faeae. _cnaie scoara taf naegsueg mcnanui pcm`unud paru

tcrsc`ut, bisjuegsi vcetrifcn firi kuga `crpcegarud naegsueg tcrdabap

juegsi vcetrifcn faeae mcnanui juegsi aeatlmis bae `ilfimiawieya. Fcbua

vcetrifcn mcmpueyai satu biebieg yaeg sama (yaitu scptum

ietcrvcetrifunaris) yaeg tcrnctaf banam pcrifarbium. _cnaie itu, pcru`adae-

pcru`adae `ilfimia scpcrti `crfuraegeya oabaegae elrcpriecjrie

milfarbium scnama gagan kaetueg bapat mcrugifae fcbua vcetrifcn. Yaeg

tcrafdir, iejarf vcetrifcn faeae kcnas mcrupafae jaftlr prcbisplsisi

tcrkabieya gagan kaetueg faeae. Flegcsti vcea sistcmif afi`at gagan

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kaetueg faeae crmaeijcstasi sc`agai pcnc`arae vcea ncdcr,

dcpatlmcgani, bae cbcma pcrijcr.

:. _cbaeg mcebcrita Apeca Ribur

7. _cbaeg mcebcrita Aritmia

Aritmia mcrupafae gaegguae irama kaetueg. kaetueg yaeg

`crbceyut saegat ocpat uetuf pcrilbc yaeg nama bapat mcekabi ncmad bae

mcegarad paba gagan kaetueg flegcstij.

4. _cbaeg mcebcrita Cmjiscma

Cmjiscma mcrupafae `agiae bari pceyafit paru l`struftij yaeg

biscrtai bcegae fcrusafae paba anvclnus diegga fc`utudae lfsigce paba

tu`ud tibaf mceoufupi scdiegga `crpcegarud paba lrgae tu`ud naieeya.

9. _cbaeg mcebcrita L`csitas

L`csitas bapat mcmiou tcfaeae barad tieggi, gaegguae ncmaf bae

fceoieg maeis, pceiegfatae rabifan `c`as bae pcrabagaegae pcm`unud

barad kaetueg, bi maea scmua jaftlr iei mceiegfatfae risifl gagan

kaetueg.

18. _cbaeg mcebcrita Xceyafit Artcri Flrlecr

Mcncmadeya milfarbium atau ltlt kaetueg afi`at pceyafit artcri

flrlecr abanad sanad satu pceyc`a` panieg umum bari gagan kaetueg

flegcstij. Xceyafit kaetueg flrlecr bitaebai bcegae tcr`ataseya anirae

barad fc kaetueg farcea pceumpufae pnaf artcri. Mcsfipue dan iei

mceyc`a`fae ltlt kaetueg mcncmad, scdiegga mceiegfatfae risifl gagan

kaetueg flegcstij, pcec`anae ltlt kaetueg farcea tcfaeae barad tieggi kuga

bapat mceyc`a`fae cjcf yaeg sama.

Xceyafit artcri flrlecr kuga mceiegfatfae risifl scraegae kaetueg.

_craegae kaetueg abanad suatu flebisi yaeg mcegaeoam kiwa bi maea

pceyum`atae artcri flrlecr mceyc`a`fae fcrusafae paba `agiae bari

ltlt kaetueg. _csaf eapas, `atuf tcrus-mcecrus, eycri baba bae cbcma

abanad gckana faraftcristif bari gagan kaetueg flegcstij.

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Gagan kaetueg bapat tcrkabi paba sanad satu sisi `agiae kaetueg,

misaneya gagan kaetueg `agiae sisi firi atau gagan kaetueg `agiae sisi

faeae. Kifa gagan kaetueg tcrkabi paba plmpa `inif firi kaetueg, mafa barad

afae mcegumpun bae mceumpuf bi paru (flegcsti). Flegcsti ieinad yaeg

mceim`ufae scsaf eapas bae `atuf. Afi`ateya, faetueg ubara sc`agai

tcmpat pcrtufarae lfsigce bae far`le bilfsiba `isa tcrisi bcegae oairae,

scdiegga mceggaeggu juegsi paru-paru.

11. Rcnad bibiagelsa mcegibap Bia`ctcs Mcnnitus

10. Rcnad bibiagelsa mcegibap Bia`ctcs Mcnnitus Ripc 0

Bia`ctcs Mcnnitus (BM) mcrupafae pceyafit frleis prlgrcsij yaeg

mceyc`a`fae flmpnifasi mifrlvasfunar bae mafrlvasfunar. BM

mcrupafae jaftlr rcsifl iebcpcebce tcrkabieya gagan kaetueg.

Paegsaegae ecurldlrmlean mcmcgaeg pcraeae paba patljisilnlgi

tcrkabieya rcsistcesi iesunie, oarbilvasounar cvcet, bae prlgrcsijitas gagan

kaetueg. Xcecnitiae Jramiegdam mceyatafae rcsifl tcrkabieya gagan

kaetueg paba BM 0,2 fani paba nafi-nafi bae 3 fani nc`id `csar paba

waeita. Fletrln gnuflsa yaeg `uruf mceurut Seitcb Fiegblm XrlspcotivcBia`ctcs _tuby(SFXB_) mceiegfatfae rcsifl gagan kaetueg paba BM tipc

II. (Jlearlw, 0883). Du`uegae aetara BM bae gagan kaetueg muntijaftlr

bae fcmuegfieae `crupa du`uegae tim`an `anif, bia`ctcs mceiegfatfae

risifl tcrfcea gagan kaetueg bae tampafeya mceiegfatfae risifl bia`ctcs.

Farbilmilpati bia`ctif mcrupafae pceyc`a` utama gagan kaetueg paba

pcebcrita BM tipc I bae II (Plmae, 08836 Famancsd, 0887).

1?. Rcnad bibiagelsa mcegibap Dipcrtirlibismc

12. Rcnad bibiagelsa mcegibap Xceyafit Giekan

Kifa scsclraeg mcebcrita gagan giekan frleis (OFB), bimaea

pcegcnuarae oairae tu`ud tcrgaeggu, air fceoieg scbifit fcnuar scdiegga

tcrkabi pceim`ueae oairae banam tu`ud (vlnumc lvcrnlab). Xceiegfatae

fabar urcum bae frcatieie, pceiegfatae fabar flncstcrln scrta

pceumpufae zat raoue naieeya.

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@crbasarfae pcecnitiae scfitar 78% pceyc`a` fcmatiae pcebcrita

gagan giekan yafei afi`at pceyafit kaetueg.Gagan giekan afae mceyc`a`fae

tcrkabieya pceycmpitae biei pcm`unud flrlecr, ltlt kaetueg afae

mceganami gaegguae afi`at vlnumc oairae tu`ud yaeg mceiegfat

(vlnumc lvcrnlab), tcfaeae barad yaeg mceiegfat (prcssurc lvcrnlab),

abaeya aecmi paba pcebcrita gagan giekan afae mceggaeggu ltlt kaetueg

bcegae scgana afi`ateya. @cgitu kuga bcegae abaeya fabar urcum yaeg

tieggi, frcatieie yaeg tieggi, flncstcrln yaeg tieggi, gaegguae cncftrlnit

scpcrti fanium, eatrium, fansium, jlsjlr, scrta mceumpufeya zat-zat sisa

mcta`lnismc tu`ud naieeya afae crafi`at uruf uetuf kaetueg.

Kabi, gagan giekan afae mcegafi`atfae tcrkabieya pceyafit kaetueg

flrlecr nc`id biei, bapat tcrkabi aritmia (gaegguae irama kaetueg),

gaegguae ltlt kaetueg yaeg `crnaekut mcekabi pcm`cegfafae kaetueg,

gagan kaetueg bae mati mcebabaf.

Xceyc`a` tcrkabieya gagan giekan biaetaraeya farcea iejcfsi, `atu

giekan, dipcrtcesi, rcafsi autlimue, fcnaieae `awaae, pceycmpitae atau

pceyum`atae pcm`unud artcri giekan (artcri rceanis) bae sc`agaieya.

_c`anifeya, kifa scsclraeg tcnad mcebcrita gagan kaetueg, bimaea

fcmampuae ltlt kaetueg mceurue scdiegga kumnad barad yaeg

biplmpafae tibaf mceoufupi uetuf fcpcrnuae tu`ud, tcrbapat pceurueae

kumnad barad fc giekan. Kifa dan iei `crnaegsueg nama mafa juegsi giekan

kuga afae tcrgaeggu.

Kabi, fcbua lrgae iei mcmpueyai du`uegae yaeg saegat crat bae

sanieg mcmpcegarudi. Lncd farcea itu, `agi mcrcfa yaeg mcebcrita gagan

giekan darusnad kuga mceinai flebisi kaetuegeya agar tibaf tcrkabi scsuatu

yaeg tibaf biiegiefae `cgitu kuga sc`anifeya.

G. Flmpnifasi

Gagan Kaetueg Flegcstij bapat mceyc`a`fae flmpnifasi sc`agai crifut;

1. Bapat mceyc`a`fae pcrfcm`aegae Aritmia

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0. Bapat mceyc`a`fae pcrfcm`aegae Xceyafit Kaetueg Zanvunar (fatup)

?. Bapat mceyc`a`fae pcrfcm`aegae _trlfc

2. Fcrusafae dati

3. Muegfie mcminifi rcsifl yaeg nc`id tieggi uetuf Iejarf Milfarb

D. Xcmcrifsaae Biagelstif

1. CFG ; dipcrtrlji atrian atau vcetrifuncr, pceyimpaegae afsis, isfcmia,

bae fcrusafae plna muegfie tcrnidat. Bisritmia, misaneya tafifarbia,

ji`rinasi atrian. Fceaifae scgmce _R/R pcrsistce : mieggu atau nc`id

sctcnad iejarf milfarb mceuekufae abaeya aecurisma vcetrifuncr

(bapat mceyc`a`fae gagan atau bisjuegsi kaetueg).

0. _lelgram ; bapat mceuekufae bimcesi pcm`csarae `inif, pcru`adae

banam juegsi/struftur fatup atau arca pceurueae fletraftinitas

vcetrifuncr.

?. _oae Kaetueg ; tiebafae pceyuetifae jrafsi bae mcmpcrfirafae

gcrafae biebieg.

2. Pletgce baba ; bapat mceuekufae pcm`csarae kaetueg, `ayaegae

mceocrmiefae binatasi/dipcrtrlji `inif, atau pcru`adae banam pcm`unud

barad mceocrmiefae pceiegfatae tcfaeae punmlean a`elrman,misaneya ; pungus paba pcm`csarae kaetueg firi bapat mceuekuffae

aecurisma vcetrifcn.

3. Cncftrlnit ; muegfie `cru`ad farcea pcrpiebadae oairae/ pceurueae

juegsi giekan, tcrapi biurctif.

:. Lfsimctri eabi ; saturasi lfsigce muegfie rcebad, tcrutama kifa gagan

kaetueg firi afut mcmpcr`uruf XXLM atau GKF frleis.

7. AGB ; gagan vcetrifcn firi bitaebai bcegae anfanlsis rcspiratlrif riegae

(biei) atau diplfscmia bcegae pceiegfatae XOL0 afdir

4. @SE, frcatieie ; pceiegfatae @SE mceaebafae pceurueae pcrjusi

giekan, fceaifae `aif @SE maupue frcatieie mcrupafae iebifasi gagan

giekan.

I. Xceatanafsaeaae mcbis

1. Ele Jarmaflnlgi

a. Xcm`atasae eatrium bitukufae uetuf mceocgad, mcegatur atau

mceguraegi cbcma scpcrti paba dipcrtcesi atau gagan kaetueg.

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`. @atasi oairae bitukufae uetuf mceocgad, mcegatur atau

mceguraegi cbcma.

o. Maeakcmce strcss bitukufae uetuf mceguraegi strcss farcea strcss

cmlsi bapat mcegdasinfae vaslfletrifsi yaeg mceiegfatfae

tcfaeae barad bae mceiegfatfiae fcrka kaetueg.

b. Xcm`atasae aftijitas jisif uetuf mceguraegi c`ae fcrka kaetueg.

0. Jarmaflnlgi

a. Biurctif ; bi`crifae uetuf mcmaou cfsrcsi eatrium bae air mcnanui

giekan, pceggueaae darus dati-dati farcea cjcf sampieg

dipleatrcmia bae diplfancmia.

`. Biglxie ; mceiegfatfae fletraftinitas bae mcmpcrnam`at jrcfucesi

kaetueg. L`at iei tibaf bigueafae uetuf fcgaganae biastlnif yaeg

maea bi`utudfae pcegcm`aegae vcetrifcn uetuf rcnafsasi,

o. Isl`ar`ibc bieitrat ; mceguraegi prcnlab bae ajtcrnlab uetuf

bisjuegsi sistlnif, diebari vaslbinatlr paba bisjuegsi sistlnif.

b. Rcrapi vaslbinatlr ; bigueafae uetuf mceguraegi tcfaeae tcrdabap

pceycm`urae barad lncd vcetrifcn.

K. Xrlscs fcpcrawatae1. Xcegfakiae Fcpcrawatae

Xcegfakiae mcrupafae tadap awan paba prlscs asudae

fcpcrawatae bimaea pcegfakiae mceoafup bata-bata pasice scdiegga

bapat mcegibcetijifasi, mcegaeanisa masanad fc`utudae fcscdatae bae

fcpcrawatae jisif, mcetan, slsian bae niegfuegae (Blcegcs, 0888).

a. Aftivitas/istiradat

Gckana ; Fcnctidae/fcncnadae tcrus mcecrus scpaekaeg dari, ieslmeia,

eycri baba bcegae aftivitas, bispeca paba saat istiradat atau aftijitas.

Raeba ; Gcnisad, pcru`adae status mcetan misaneya nctargi, taeba-

taeba vitan cru`ad paba aftivitas.

`. _irfunasi

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Gckana ; Piwayat dipcrtcesi, IM `aru/afut, cpislbc GKF sc`cnumeya,

pceyafit kaetueg, cbad kaetueg, ceblfarbitis, aecmia, sylf scptif,

`cegfaf paba fafi, tcnapaf fafi, a`blmce.

Raeba ; RB ; muegfie rcebad (gagan pcmlmpaae), tcfaeae eabi ;

muegfie scmpit, mceuekufae pceurueae vlnumc scfueoup, irama

kaetueg ; bisritmia, misan ji`rinasi atrium, fletrafsi vcetrifcn

prcmatur/tafifarbia, nlf kaetueg, jrcfucesi kaetueg ; tafifarbia, eabi

apifan ; XMI muegfie mceyc`ar bae mcru`ad plsisi scoara iejcrilr fc

firi, `ueyi kaetueg ; _? (gannlp) abanad biagelstif, _2 bapat tcrkabi, _1

bae _0 muegfie mcncmad, murmur sistlnif bae biastlnif bapat

mceaebafae abaeya stcelsis fatup atau iesujisicesi, eabi ; eabi

pcrijcr `crfuraeg, pcru`adae banam fcfuatae bceyutae bapat tcrkabi

eabi scetran muegfie fuat, misan eabi kugunaris, farltis, a`blmiean

tcrnidat, warea ; fc`iruae, puoat, atau siaeltif, pueggueg fufu puoat

atau siaeltif bcegae pcegisiae fapincr nam`at, dcpar ;

pcm`csarae/bapat tcra`a, rcjncfs dcpatlkugunaris, `ueyi eapas ;

frcfcns, rlefdi, cbcma muegfie bcpcebce, umum atau pittieg

fdususeya paba cfstrcmitas.

o. Ietcgritas Cgl

Gckana ; Aesictas, fdawatir bae tafut, strcs yaeg `crdu`uegae bcegae

pceyafit/fcpcridatieae jieaesian (pcfcrkaae/`iaya pcrawatae mcbis).

Raeba ; @cr`agai maeijcstasi pcrinafu, misaneya ; aesictas, marad,

fctafutae bae mubad tcrsieggueg.

b. Cnimieasi

Gckana ; Xceurueae `crfcmid, uriec `crwaea gcnap, `crfcmid manam

dari (elfturia), biarc/flestipasi.

Raeba ; A`blmce fcras, asitcs.

c. Mafaeae/oairae

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Gckana ; Fcdinaegae eajsu mafae, muan/muetad, pceam`adae `crat

`abae sigeijifae, pcm`cegfafae paba cfstrcmitas `awad,

pafaiae/scpatu tcrasa scsaf, bict tieggi garam/mafaeae yaeg tcnad

biprlscs, ncmaf, guna bae fajcie, pceggueaae biurctif.

Raeba ; Xceam`adae `crat `abae ocpat, bistcesi a`blmce (asitcs)

scrta cbcma (umum, bcpcebce, tcfaeae bae pittieg).

j. Dygicec

Gckana ; Fcnctidae/fcncmadae, fcncnadae scnama aftivitas pcrawatae

biri.

Raeba ; Xceampinae mceaebafae fcnanaiae pcrawatae pcrslean.

g. Ecurlsceslri

Gckana ; Fcncmadae, pceieg, cpislbc piegsae.

Raeba ; Nctargi, fusut pifir, bislricetasi, pcru`adae pcrinafu, mubad

tcrsieggueg.

d. Eycri/Fceyamaeae

Gckana ; Eycri baba, aegiea afut atau frleis, eycri a`blmce faeae

atas, safit paba ltlt.

Raeba ; Ribaf tceaeg, gcnisad, jlfus mceycmpit (mcearif biri),

pcrinafu mcniebuegi biri.

i. Xcreapasae

Gckana ; Bispeca saat aftivitas, tibur sam`in bubuf atau bcegae `aetan,

`atuf bcegae/taepa pcm`cetufae sputum, riwayat pceyafit frleis,

pceggueaae `aetuae pcreapasae, misan lfsigce.

Raeba; Xcreapasae ; tafipeca, eapas baegfan, pceggueaae ltlt

afscslri pcreapasae, atuf ; fcrieg/eyarieg/ele prlbuftij atau

muegfie `atuf tcrus mcecrus bcegae/taepa pcm`cetufae sputum,

sputum ; muegfie `crscmu barad, mcrad muba/`cr`uid (cbcma

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punmlean), `ueyi eapas ; muegfie tibaf tcrbcegar, juegsi mcetan ;

muegfie mceurue, fcgcnisadae, nctargi, warea funit ; puoat atau

siaelsis.

k. Fcamaeae

Gckana ; Xcru`adae banam juegsi mcetan, fcdinaegae fcfuatae/tleus

ltlt, funit ncoct.

Raeba ; Fcdinaegae fcscim`aegae.

f. Ietcrafsi slsian

Gckana ; Xceurueae fcifutscrtaae banam aftivitas slsian yaeg `iasa

binafufae.

Raeba ; Ribaf mau `crgaun, mcegurueg biri bi rumad.

n. Xcm`cnakarae/pcegakarae

Gckana ; Mceggueafae/nupa mceggueafae l`at-l`at kaetueg,

misaneya; pceycfat sanurae fansium.

Raeba; @ufti tcetaeg fctibaf`crdasinae uetuf mceiegfatfae.

0. Biagelsa Fcpcrawatae

Biagelsa fcpcrawatae mcrupafae tadap fcbua bari prlscs

fcpcrawatae yaeg maea bibufueg lncd pceyc`a` scrta taeba-taeba bae

gckanaeya. Biagelsa fcpcrawatae yaeg mueoun paba fnice bcegae ODJ

mceurut Blcegcs (0881) yaitu ;

a. Xceurueae ourad kaetueg `crdu`uegae bcegae pcru`adae

fletraftinitas milfarbian/ pcru`adae ieltrlpif, pcru`adae jrcfucesi,

irama bae flebufsi nistrif, pcru`adae strufturan.

`. Ietlncrae aftivitas `crdu`uegae bcegae fctibafscim`aegae aetar

supnai lfsigce, fcncmadae umum, tirad `arieg nama/ imml`inisasi.

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o. Fcnc`idae vlnumc oairae `crdu`uegae bcegae mceurueeya naku

jintrasi gnlmcrunus (mceurueeya ourad kaetueg)/ mceiegfateya

prlbufsi ABD bae rctcesi eatrium/air.

b. Pcsifl tieggi gaegguae pcrtufarae gas `crdu`uegae bcegae

pcru`adae mcm`rae fapincr-anvclnus

c. Pcsifl tieggi tcrdabap fcrusafae ietcgritas funit crdu`uegae

bcegae tirad `arieg nama, cbcma bae pceurueae pcrjusi kariegae.

j. Furaeg pcegctaduae (fc`utudae `cnakar) mcegceai flebisi bae

prlgram pcegl`atae `crdu`uegae bcegae furaeg pcmadamae/

fcsanadae pcrscpsi tcetaeg du`uegae juegsi kaetueg/ pceyafit/ gagan

kaetueg.

?. Ietcrvcesi Fcpcrawatae

Mcrupafae tadap fctiga prlscs fcpcrawatae yaeg bitukufae uetuf

mcmceudi fc`utudae fnice crbasarfae biagelsa fcpcrawatae yaitu

prilritas masanad, mcectapfae tukuae, mcectapfae fritcria dasin,

mcegibcetijifasi tiebafae fcpcrawatae yaeg tctap uetuf mceoapai tukuae.

a. Xceurueae ourad kaetueg `crdu`uegae bcegae pcru`adaefletraftinitas milfarbian/pcru`adae ieltrlpif, pcru`adae jrcfucesi,

irama bae flebufsi nistrif, pcru`adae strufturan.

Rukuae ; Ribaf tcrkabi pceurueae ourad kaetueg.

Fritcria dasin ; Raeba vitan banam `atas yaeg bapat bitcrima

(bisritmia tcrfletrln atau dinaeg) bae `c`as gckana gagan kaetueg,

mcnaplrfae pceurueae cpislbc bispeca, aegiea, ifut scrta banam

aftivitas yaeg mceguraegi `c`ae fcrka kaetueg.

Ietcrvcesi ;

1) Ausfuntasi eabi apifan, faki jrcfucesi bae irama kaetueg.

Pasilean ; `iasaeya tcrkabi tafifarbi (mcsfipue paba saat istiradat)

uetuf mcegflmpcesasi pceurueae fletraftinitas vcetrifcn.

0) Oatat `ueyi kaetueg.

Pasilean ; _1 bae _0 muegfie ncmad farcea mceurueeya fcrka

plmpa. Irama Gannlp umum (_? bae _2) bidasinfae sc`agai anirae

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barad fc scram`i yaeg bistcesi. Murmur bapat mceuekuffae

ieflmpctcesi/ stcelsis fatup.

?) Xanpasi eabi pcrijcr.

Pasilean ; pceurueae ourad kaetueg bapat mceuekuffae

mceurueeya eabi rabian, plpnitcan, blrsanis, pcbis bae plstti`ian.

Eabi muegfie ocpat dinaeg atau tibaf tcratur uetuf bipanpasi bae

punsus antcreae.

2) Xaetau RB.

Pasilean ; paba GKF biei, scbaeg atau frleis tcfaeae barad bapat

mceiegfat. Xaba DOJ naekut tu`ud tibaf mampu nagi

mcegflmpcesasi bae dipltcesi tibaf bapat elrman nagi.

3) Faki funit tcrdabap puoat bae siaelsis.

Pasilean ; puoat mceuekuffae mceurueeya pcrjusi pcrijcr

scfuebcr tcrdabap tibaf abcfuateya ourad kaetueg, vaslfletrifsi

bae aecmia. _iaelsis bapat tcrkabi sc`agai rcjraftlri GKF. Arca

yaeg safit scrieg `crwarea `iru atau `cnaeg farcea pceiegfatae

flegcsti vcea.

:) @crifae lfsigce tam`adae bcegae faeuna easan/masfcr bae l`atscsuai iebifasi (flna`lrasi).

Pasilean ; mceiegfatfe scbiaae lfsigce uetuf fc`utudae milfarb

uetuf mcnawae cjcf diplfsia/ isfcmia. @aeyaf l`at bapat

bigueafae uetuf mceiegfatfae vlnumc scfueoup, mcmpcr`aifi

fletraftinitas bae mceuruefae flegcsti.

7) @crifae l`at scsuai iebifasi ; biurctif, vaslbinatlr, aetiflagunae.

Pasilean ; tipc bae blsis biurctif tcrgaetueg paba bcrakat gagan

kaetueg bae status juegsi giekan. Xceurueae prcnlab panieg `aeyaf

bigueafae banam mcegl`ati pasice bcegae ourad kaetueg rcnativc

elrman bitam`ad bcegae gckana flegcsti. Biurctif mcmpcegarudi

rca`slrpsi eatrium bae air. Zaslbinatlr bigueafae uetuf

mceiegfatfae ourad kaetueg, mceuruefae vlnumc sirfunasi bae

tadaeae vasfuncr sistcmif, kuga fcrka vcetrifcn. Aetiflagunae

bigueafae uetuf mceocgad pcm`cetufae tdrlm`us/cm`lni paba

abaeya jaftlr risifl scpcrti statis vcea, tirad `arieg, bisritmia

kaetueg.

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4) Xcm`criae oairae IZ.

Pasilean ; farcea abaeya pceiegfatae tcfaeae vcetrifcn firi,

pasice tibaf bapat mcetlncraesi pceiegfatae vlnumc oairae

(prcnlab). Xasice GKF kuga mcegcnuarfae scbifit eatrium yaeg

mceyc`a`fae rctcesi oairae bae mceiegfatfae fcrka milfarb.

9) Xaetau scri CFG bae pcru`adae jltl baba.

Pasilean ; bcprcsi scgmce _R bae batareya gcnlm`aeg R bapat

tcrkabi farcea pceiegfatae fc`utudae lfsigce milfarb, mcsfipue

taf aba pceyafit artcri flrlecr. Jltl baba bapat mceuekufae

pcm`csarae kaetueg.

18) Xaetau pcmcrifsaae na`lratlrium, oletld @SE, frcatieie.

Pasilean ; pceiegfatae @SE/ Frcatieie mceuekufae diplpcrjusi/

gagan giekan.

`. Ietlncrae aftivitas `crdu`uegae bcegae fctibafscim`aegae aetar

supnai lfsigce, fcncmadae umum, tirad arieg nama/ imml`inisasi.

Rukuae ; Fnice bapat mcnafufae aftijitas yaeg bi iegiefae

Fritcria dasin ; @crpartisipasi paba aftivitas yaeg bi iegiefae,mcmceudi pcrawatae biri scebiri, mceoapai pceiegfatae tlncraesi

aftivitas yaeg bapat biufur, bi`uftifae lncd mceurueeya fcncmadae

bae fcncnadae.

Ietcrvcesi ;

1) Xcrifsa taeba vitan sc`cnum bae scgcra sctcnad aftivitas, fdususeya

`ina fnice mceggueafae vaslbinatlr, biurctif bae pceycfat cta.

Pasilean ; dipltcesi lrtlstatif bapat tcrkabi bcegae aftivitas farcea

cjcf l`at (vaslbinasi), pcrpiebadae oairae (biurctif) atau pcegarud

juegsi kaetueg.

0) Oatat rcsples farbilpunmlean tcrdabap aftivitas, oatat tafifarbi,

bisritmia, bispeca crfcriegat bae puoat.

Pasilean ; pceurueae/fctibafmampuae milfarbium uetuf

mceiegfatfae vlnumc scfueoup scnama aftivitas bapat

mceyc`a`fae pceiegfatae scgcra jrcfucesi kaetueg bae fc`utudae

lfsigce kuga pceiegfatae fcncnadae bae fcncmadae.

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?) Cvanuasi pceiegfatae ietlncrae aftivitas.

Pasilean ; bapat mceuekuffae pceiegfatae bcflmpcesasi kaetueg

baripaba fcnc`idae aftivitas.

2) Impncmcetasi prlgram rcda`initasi kaetueg/aftivitas (flna`lrasi)

Pasilean ; pceiegfatae `crtadap paba aftivitas mcegdiebari fcrka

kaetueg/flesumsi lfsigce `crnc`idae. Xceguatae bae pcr`aifae

juegsi kaetueg bi`awad strcss, `ina juegsi kaetueg tibaf bapat

mcm`aif fcm`ani.

o. Fcnc`idae vlnumc oairae `crdu`uegae bcegae mceurueeya naku jintrasi

gnlmcrunus (mceurueeya ourad kaetueg)/mceiegfateya prlbufsi ABD

bae rctcesi eatrium/ air.

Rukuae ; Ribaf tcrkabi fcnc`idae vlnumc oairae

Fritcria dasin ; Fnice afae mcebcmlestrasifae vlnumc oairae

sta`in bcegae fcscim`aegae masufae bae pcegcnuarae, `ueyi eajas

`crsid/ kcnas, taeba vitan banam rcetaeg yaeg bapat bitcrima, `crat

`abae sta`in bae tibaf aba cbcma, mceyatafae pcmadamae tcetaeg

pcm`atasae oairae iebivibuan.

Ietcrvcesi ;

1) Xaetau pcegcnuarae uriec, oatat kumnad bae warea saat dari bimaea

biurcsis tcrkabi.

Pasilean ; pcegcnuarae uriec muegfie scbifit bae pcfat farcea

pceurueae pcrjusi giekan. Xlsisi tcrncetaeg mcm`aetu biurcsis

scdiegga pcegcnuarae uriec bapat bitiegfatfae scnama tirad `arieg.

0) Xaetau/ ditueg fcscim`aegae pcmasufae bae pcegcnuarae scnama

02 kam.

Pasilean; tcrapi biurctif bapat bisc`a`fae lncd fcdinaegae oairae

ti`a-ti`a/ crnc`idae (diplvlncmia) mcsfipue cbcma/ asitcs masid

aba.

?) Xcrtadafae bubuf atau tirad `arieg bcegae plsisi scmijlwncr

scnama jasc afut.

Pasilean ; plsisi tcrsc`ut mceiegfatfae jintrasi giekan bae

mceuruefae prlbufsi ABD scdiegga mceiegfatfae biurcsis.

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2) Xaetau RB bae OZX (`ina aba).

Pasilean ; dipcrtcesi bae pceiegfatae OZX mceuekuffae fcnc`idae

oairae bae bapat mceuekuffae tcrkabieya pceiegfatae flegcsti

paru, gagan kaetueg.

3) Faki `isieg usus, oatat fcnudae aelrcfsia, muan, bistcesi a`blmce

bae flestipasi.

Pasilean ; flegcsti viscran (tcrkabi paba GKF naekut) bapat

mceggaeggu juegsi gastcr/ ietcstiean.

:) Xcm`criae l`at scsuai iebifasi (flna`lrasi) ; biurctif, tiazib.

Pasilean ; biurctif mceiegfatfae naku anirae uriec bae bapat

mcegdam`at rca`slrpsi eatrium/fnlriba paba tu`unus giekan. Riazib

mceiegfatfae biurcsis taepa fcdinaegae fanium crnc`idae.

7) Flesuntasi bcegae adni bict.

Pasilean ; pcrnu mcm`crifae bict yaeg bapat bitcrima fnice yaeg

mcmceudi fc`utudae fanlri banam pcm`atasae eatrium.

b. Pcsifl tieggi gaegguae pcrtufarae gas `crdu`uegae bcegae

pcru`adae mcm`rae fapincr-anvclnus.

Rukuae ; Ribaf tcrkabi gaegguae pcrtufarae gas

Fritcria dasin ; Fnice afae mcebcmlestrasifae vcetinasi bae

lfsigceisasi abcfuat paba kariegae bituekuffae lncd lfsimctri banam

rcetaeg elrman bae `c`as gckana bistrcss pcreapasae, crpartisipasi

banam prlgram pcegl`atae banam `atas fcmampuae/situasi.

Ietcrvcesi ;

1) Xaetau `ueyi eajas, oatat frcfncs.

Pasilean; mceyatafae abaeya flegcsti paru/pcegumpunae scorct

mceuekuffae fc`utudae uetuf ietcrvcesi naekut.

0) Akarfae/ aekurfae fnice `atuf cjcftij, eajas banam.

Pasilean ; mcm`crsidfae kanae eajas bae mcmubadfae anirae

lfsigce.

?) Blrleg pcru`adae plsisi.

Pasilean ; mcm`aetu mceocgad atcncftasis bae pecumleia.

2) Flna`lrasi ; Xaetau/ gam`arfae scri GBA, eabi lfsimctri.

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Pasilean ; diplfscmia bapat tcrkabi `crat scnama lcbcm paru.

3) Flna`lrasi ; @crifae l`at/ lfsigce tam`adae scsuai iebifasi

Pasilean ; mceiegfatfae flescetrasi lfsigce anvclnar, yaeg bapat

mcmpcr`aifi/ mceuruefae diplfscmia kariegae.

c. Pcsifl tieggi tcrdabap fcrusafae ietcgritas funit `crdu`uegae bcegae

tirad `arieg nama, cbcma bae pceurueae pcrjusi kariegae.

Rukuae ; Ribaf tcrkabi fcrusafae ietcgritas funit.

Fritcria dasin ; Fnice afae mcmpcrtadaefae ietcgritas funit,

mcebcmlestrasifae pcrinafu/tcfeif mceocgad fcrusafae funit.

Ietcrvcesi ;

1) Xaetau funit, oatat pceleklnae tunaeg, abaeya cbcma, arca

sirfunasieya tcrgaeggu/ pigmcetasi atau fcgcmufae/ furus.

Pasilean ; funit `crcsifl farcea gaegguae sirfunasi pcrijcr,

iml`inisasi jisif bae gaegguae status eutrisi.

0) Xikat arca fcmcradae atau yaeg mcmutid.

Pasilean; mceiegfatfae anirae barad, mcmieimanfae diplfsia

kariegae.

?) S`ad plsisi scrieg bitcmpat tibur/ fursi, `aetu natidae rcetaeg gcraf

pasij/ aftij.

Pasilean; mcmpcr`aifi sirfunasi waftu satu arca yaeg mceggaeggu

anirae barad.

2) @crifae pcrawatae funit, mieimanfae bcegae fcncm`a`ae/ cfsfrcsi.

Pasilean; tcrnanu fcrieg atau ncm`a` mcrusaf funit/ mcmpcrocpat

fcrusafae.

3) Diebari l`at ietramusfuncr.

Pasilean ; cbcma ietcrstisian bae gaegguae sirfunasi mcmpcrnam`at

a`slr`si l`at bae prcbisplsisi uetuf fcrusafae funit/ tcrkabieya

iejcfsi.

j. Furaeg pcegctaduae (fc`utudae `cnakar) mcegceai flebisi bae

prlgram pcegl`atae `crdu`uegae bcegae furaeg pcmadamae

tcetaeg du`uegae juegsi kaetueg/ pceyafit/ gagan kaetueg.

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Rukuae ; Xcegctaduae fnice `crtam`ad

Fritcria dasin ; Mcegibcetijifasi du`uegae tcrapi uetuf mceuruefae

cpislbc `crunaeg bae mceocgad flmpnifasi, mcegibcetijifasi jaftlr

rcsifl bae `c`crapa tcfeif uetuf mceaegaei, mcnafufae pcru`adae

plna dibup/ pcrinafu.

Ietcrvcesi ;

1) Bisfusifae juegsi kaetueg elrman.

Pasilean; pcegctaduae prlscs pceyafit bae darapae bapat

mcmubadfae fctaatae paba prlgram pcegl`atae.

0) Fuatfae rasilean pcegl`atae.

Pasilean ; fnice pcroaya `adwa pcru`adae prlgram pasoa punaeg

bi`lncdfae `ina mcrasa `aif bae `c`as gckana atau mcrasa nc`id

scdat yaeg bapat mceiegfatfae rcsifl cfsascr`asi gckana.

?) Pukuf paba sum`cr bi masyarafat/ fcnlmplf pcebufueg suatu

iebifasi.

Pasilean ; bapat mceam`adfae `aetuae bcegae pcmaetauae

scebiri/pceatanafsaeaae birumad.

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@A@ III

XCESRSX

A. FC_IMXSNAE

_ctcnad binafufae asudae fcpcrawatae paba fnice Ey. R aba

`c`crapa masanad yaeg cnum tcratasi, aba puna yaeg sc`agiae tcratasi.

Biagelsa pcrtama yaitu eycri afut `cnum tcratasi. Jaftlr

pcegdam`at uetuf tcroapaieya fritcria dasin yaeg tcnad bitctapfae abanad

tcr`ataseya waftu yaeg bitctapfae uetuf mceguraegi bae mcegletrln

eycri pasice. Masanad eycri afut bi `agiae a`blmce fuabrae faeae atas

kuga mcrupafae biagelsa aftuan yaeg `aru tcrkabi bi pasice, scdiegga

pasice `cnum mcebapatfae tcrapi pcegl`atae aeangctif bari blftcr.

Biagelsa fcbua yaitu iejcfsi kuga sc`agiae subad tcratasi bcegae

fritcria dasin tibaf aba taeba- taeba iejcfsi bi IZ niec (scpcrti `cegfaf,

fcmcradae, bcmam), eamue tcrafdir fani pasice mcegcnud tcmpat nufa

tusufae iejus tcrasa scbifit eycri. Nufa bi `agiae tumit firi subad

mcegcrieg bae tcrnidat `aif, scbaegfae nufa bi fafi faeae masid tcrnidat

scbifit pus. Jaftlr pcebufueg aetara naie pcrawat yaeg mcmpcrtadaefae

tcfeif ascptif fctifa mcrawat nufa bi fafi pasice. Kuga tibaf `aeyaf

lraeg yaeg mceuegggu pasice, scdiegga fletamieasi sinaeg aetara

pceguekueg bae pcrawat fcpaba pasice `crfuraeg.

Biagelsa fctiga yaitu masanad bcjisit pcrawatae biri yaeg

sc`agiae tcratasi. Jaftlr pcegdam`at tcroapaieya fritcria dasin aetara

naie jaftlr pasice yaeg ncmad `abaeeya bae sunit uetuf mceggcraffaeaegglta `abaeeya farcea lcbcm cfstrcmitas. Jaftlr naie abanad

fcnuarga pasice yaeg mceueggu pasice daeyanad suami saka, scdiegga

banam mcrawat bae mcekaga pcrslean dygicec pasice tibaf scnanu scoara

flmprcdcesij. Jaftlr yaeg naie abanad fctibaftaduae pasice bae fcnuarga

pasice pcetiegeya mcekaga pcrslean dygicec pasice scoara

flmprcdcesij.

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BAJRAP XS_RAFA

Aeurlgl, Bitl. 0889. Mistcri Gagan Kaetueg.

dttp;//ectsaies.olm/0889/84/mistcri-gagan-kaetueg/. Biafscs

taeggan 10 Bcscm`cr 081?

Olwic, M.P., Bar, Q. 0884. Rdc Cpibcmilnlgy aeb Biagelsis lj

Dcart Jainurc. Ie; Justcr, Z., ct an., cbs. Dursts tdc Dcart.

10 td cb. Zlnumc 1. S_A; MoGraw- Dinn

Blceglcs, Marnye C, Mllrdlusc, Mary J bae Gcissncr, Anioc O.

0888. Pceoaea Fcpcrawatae Setuf Xcrceoaeaae baeXceblfumcetasiae Xcrawatae Xasice, Cbisi ?. Kafarta ;

CGO.

Jlearlw, GO. 0883.Ae Apprlaod tl Dcart Jainurc aeb Bia`ctcs

Mcnnitus. Am K Oarbiln

Dar`aeu D Mariylel, Aewar _aetlsl. 0887. Gagan Kaetueg. Kurean

Xceyafit Banam. Zlnumc 4 El. ?. _cptcm`cr

Maesklcr, Arij, bff. 0881. Fapita _cncfta Fcblftcrae.Kafarta ;

Mcbia Acsounapius

_mcntzcr, _uzaeec O. bae @arc, @rceba G. 0880. @ufu Akar

Fcpcrawatae Mcbifan @cbad @rueecr bae _ubbartd (Cb.4,

Zln. 1,0),Kafarta ; CGO.

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A_SDAE FCXCPAWARAE XABA Ey. R

BCEGAE ODJ (OLEGC_RIZC DCAPR JAINSPC) BAEBIA@CRC_ MCNNIRS_

BI @AEG_AN AEGGPCF 1 P_SX Br. _APBKIRL

Bisusue uetuf Mcmceudi Rugas Xraftif Fnieif Fcpcrawatae

Mata Funiad Fcpcrawatae Mcbifan @cbad II

Bisusue Lncd ;

Zieba Astri Xcrmatasari X87108110848

FCMCERCPIAE FC_CDARAE PCXS@NIF IEBLEC_IA

XLNRCFFC_ FCMCEFC_ YLGYAFAPRA

KSPS_AE FCXCPAWARAE

081?