trauma resuscitation and basic life support

26
DR LEE OI WAH PEGAWAI PERUBATAN UD 54

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Page 1: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

DR LEE OI WAHPEGAWAI PERUBATAN UD 54

Page 2: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

KEPERLUANTrauma merupakan penyebab kematian yang

utama di kalangan yang berumur < 40 tahun.

3 pesakit mengalami kecacatan yang berkekalan untuk setiap mangsa yang mati.

TLS merupakan bahasa perantaraan sedunia dalam perawatan.

Page 3: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support
Page 4: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

ATLS®

Impacts

100%

50%

0%

ImmediateDeaths

EarlyDeaths( FIRST 1 HR)

LateDeaths

% ofDeaths

Page 5: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Konsep ATLSABCDE –pendekatan untuk evaluasi

dan rawatanRawat ancaman kepada nyawa terlebih

dahulu (Treat greatest threat to life first)

Diagnosa definitif BUKAN keutamaan utama.

Masa itu emas! (Time is of the essence)

Do no further harm ( Jangan membahayakan pesakit)

Page 6: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Konsep Trauma ResuscitationABCDE

Airway with c-spine protectionBreathingCirculation & Hemorrhage

ControlDisability / Neurologic statusExposure / Environment

Page 7: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Initial Assessment

Primary survey dan resuscitation adalah dijalankan serentak –Berpasukan

Page 8: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Standard Precautions

Cap

Gown

Gloves

Mask

Shoe covers

Goggles / face shield

Page 9: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Primary Survey Orang dewasa, kanak-kanak dan perempuan mengandung KEUTAMAAN ADALAH SERUPA

A

B

C

D

E

Airway with c-spine protection

Breathing & Ventilation

Circulation & Hemorrhage Control

Disability / Neurologic status

Exposure / Environment

Page 10: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Primary SurveyDefinisi

Pemeriksaan pertama ke atas pesakit yang dilakukan secara sistematik dengan objektif untuk mengenalpasti keadaan yang mengancam nyawa dan merawat keadaan-keadaan tersebut serta-merta sebaik sahaja dikenalpasti.

Page 11: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support
Page 12: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Primary Survey1. Pemeriksaan yang cepat tan tepat

untuk mengenalpasti keadaan dan status pesakit.

2. Mengambil keputusan untuk intervensi-intervensi kritikal dan masa untuk transportasi.TIDAK lebih daripada 2 minitTIDAK boleh diganggu kecuali tanda-tanda

airway obstruction atau cardiac arrest

Page 13: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Primary SurveyI. PEMERHATIAN PERTAMAII. TINJAUAN KEADAAN/SUASANAIII. KEDUDUKAN ATAU POSTURIV. TAHAP KESEDARAN (AVPU)V. TATAKELAKUANVI. KECEDERAAN YANG JELAS

Page 14: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

AIRWAYGeneral Inspection

* ANY LIFE THREATENINIG CONDITION DETECTED MUST BE CORRECTED

SIMULTANEOUSLY *

Page 15: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

* ANY LIFE THREATENINIG CONDITION DETECTED MUST BE CORRECTED SIMULTANEOUSLY *

Page 16: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

AirwayPASTIKAN SALUR UDARA PATEN

C-spine injury

Caution

Pitfalls Kegagalan equipmen Tidak dapat intubate Kecederaan yang tidak

dikenalpasti Progressive loss of airway

Page 17: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

AirwaySuspect C-spine Injury

Spinal protection ~ cervical collar

C-spine x-ray when appropriate

Page 18: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Airway Obstruction(penyumbatan salur udara)

Penyebab:Lidah pesakit Cecair dan bendasing Kecacatan dan kecederaan

termasuk kecederaan muka dan maxillofacial

Salur udara yang bengkak.Laryngospasm

Page 19: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

AIRWAYMX OF LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS

DARAH/BENDASING SUCTION LIDAH TERJATUHOROPHARYNGEL AIRWAY

MAXILLOFACIAL INJURYATTEMPT REDUCTION INTUBATION CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY

MECHANICAL BLOCKADE – FINGER SWEEP & REMOVAL OF

OBJECTPARTIALLY OBSTRUCTED

AIRWAY JAW THRUSTCHIN LIFT

Page 20: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

PERLINDUNGAN C-spineIndikasi

Anggap kecederaan C-spineKecederaan di atas tulang klavikelPesakit trauma yang tidak sedarkan diriSakit tengkokTanda neurologikal( kebas, lumpuh)

Pemeriksaan tulang tengkok dilakukan bersama-sama manual immobilization.

Cervical Collar yang bersaiz betul.

Page 21: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Protection of the C-spineProtection of the C-spineMethodMethod

Page 22: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Primary SurveyBreathing & Ventilation(Pernafasan)

BreathingAssess(per

iksa)OxygenateVentilate

Caution

Page 23: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Primary SurveySirkulasi dan kawalan pendarahan

Circulatory Management Kawal Pendarahan Kenalpasti dan kontrol pendarahan

luaran Restore volume

Look At Multiple Parameters NOT JUST BLOOD PRESSURE!!

Reassess

Caution

Pitfalls Elderly Athletes

Children Medications

Page 24: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Primary SurveyCirculation & Hemorrhage ControlVascular Cannulation

At LEAST TWO LARGE BORE CANNULA20 mls BLOOD FOR X-MATCH, BUSE, FBCABG

Intravenous FluidCorrelate with clinical findings

TOO MUCH CAN BE DISASTROUSWarm Fluids PLEASE

Page 25: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Primary SurveyCirculation & Hemorrhage Control

Assessment of Organ Perfusion

Level of consciousness

Skin color and temperature

Pulse rate and character

Page 26: Trauma resuscitation and basic life support

Primary SurveyDisability

Baseline neurologic evaluationAVPU (A ~ alert

V~ respond to verbal

P~ respond to pain

U~ unresponsive)GCS scoringPupillary response

MONITOR THE CONSCIOUS LEVEL FREQUENTLY !!!….