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Poisonous Plants

Ronald Smith, Ph.D.

Extension Horticulturist & Turfgrass Specialist

Created by Andrea Carlson


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Common Poisonous House Plants

Flamingo Flower Anthurium All plant parts containcalcium oxalate

Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips and palate.

Caladium Caladium All plant parts contain

calcium oxalate

Intense irritation of the mucous

membranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips and palate

Clivia Clivia All plant parts containlycorine

Ingestion produces nausea &diarrhea

Dumb Cane Dieffenbachia All plant parts containcalcium oxalate

Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips and palate

Devil's Ivy Epipremnumsyn.Scindapsus

All plant parts containcalcium oxalate

Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips and palate

http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/


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Dieffenbachia

Dumb Cane


Caladium

Caladium


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Common NameScientific

NameToxic Parts Symptoms Produced

Poinsettia Euphorbiapulcherrima

Milky latex sap containsterpenes & diterpenes

If swallowed =nausea, diarrhea,vomiting & irritation.

Skin contact = severe irritation

Ivy Hedera Leaves & berries contain

hederin, a saponin

Ingestion produces burning

sensation in throat &gastroenteritis

Amaryllis Hippeastrum Bulbs contain licorine Ingestion causes nausea &diarrhea

Myrtle Myrtuscommunis

Plant parts contain tannin& volatile oils

Ingestion causes nausea &vomiting

Swiss Cheese Plant Monstera Leaves contain calciumoxalate

Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swellingof the tongue, lips & palate




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Hedera spp.


Myrtus communis

Myrtle

Euphorbia pulcherrima

Poinsettia
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1681&search=true&resultNo=2http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2355&search=true&resultNo=1


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Common Name Scientific Name Toxic Parts Symptoms Produced

Oleander Nerium oleander Plant parts containglycosides

One leaf is fatal & will disrupt heartfunction, trigger circulatory failure &lead to death

Oxalis Oxalis Plant parts containoxalic acid

Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting,& kidney inflammation

Heart-LeafPhilodendron

Philodendronscandens

Plant parts containcalcium oxalate

Intense irritation of the mucousmembranes produces swelling ofthe tongue, lips & palate

Aralia Polyscias Plant parts containsaponins Ingestion causes gastrointestinalirritation, nausea, vomiting &diarrhea




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Philodendron scandens

Heart Leaf, Sweetheart Plant


Oxalis spp.

Oxalis


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Common NameScientific

NameToxic Parts Symptoms Produced

AustralianUmbrella Tree

Schefflera syn.Brassaia

All plant parts containoxalic acid & saponins

Ingestion = vomiting, loss ofcoordination, & other symptoms

Jerusalem Cherry Solanumpseudocapsicum

Fruit contains solanine, ahighly toxic glyco-alkaloid

Ingestion = burning sensation inmouth & throat, followed bygastric irritation, fever & diarrhea

Peace Lily Spathiphyllum All plant parts containcalcium oxalate


Arrowhead Vine Syngonium All plant parts containcalcium oxalate





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Spathiphyllum wallisiiPeace Lily



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Herbal medicine is the use of drugs found in plants forprevention and cure of disease. Some are safe but others mayproduce harmful side effects.

FDA approval is not required for package or marketing claims.

Unlike approved drugs, herbs are almost entirely unregulatedfor safety, uniformity of contents, and contamination.

Herbal remedies may have other unlabeled medicines or

materials mixed in with them.

Many herbal medicines are taken by drinking a tea. Avoidconcentrating or over-steeping a tea remedy.

Herbal extracts, tablets, and powders are also used.

Herbal Medicines



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The correct dose of herbal products is often hard to determine.

When herbs are taken with a prescribed or over-the-counter drug,health problems may occur. It is wise to check with your doctor.

Because scientific studies have not been done on man herbs,pregnant women, breast feeding mothers, infants and young childrenshould probably not use herbs. Older people with serious healthconditions should also be careful about the use of herbs.

An herbal treatment that does not work, even if it won't hurt you, coulddelay getting necessary medical treatment.

A "natural" product from a plant is not necessarily better than thesame chemical produced in a laboratory.

Some herbal products contain active ingredients that can produceunexpected side effects (for example, Saw palmetto contains

estrogen, a female hormone).

Herbal Medicines



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Examples of potentially harmful plant remedies:

Herbal Medicines

Herb Scientific Name Potential Toxic Effect

Borage Borago officinalis Skin irritation

Calamus Acorus calamus Skin irritation, stomach upset, may cause cancer

Chaparral Larrea indentata Liver damage

Comfrey Symphytum officinale Liver damage

Ephedra;Ma-huang

Ephedra sinica) Agitation, high blood pressure, rapid heart beat,convulsions

Germander Teucrium chamaedrys Liver damage

Life root Senecio aureus Liver damage

Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium Liver damage. Concentrated oil can causeconvulsions, shock, & multi organ failure

Sassafras Sassafras albidum Liver damage. Concentrated oil can causehallucinations, trembling, shock, & possiblycancer



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Harmful Herbal Medicines

Borago officinalisBorage

Mentha pulegium

Pennyroyal


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Mushrooms

Eating any mushrooms collected outdoors should beconsidered dangerous. Call the Poison Control Center even ifyou only think that someone has eaten one. Even after aserious poisoning, symptoms may not appear until many hourslater. Do not wait until symptoms appear

Symptoms of severe mushroom poisoning can include intensevomiting and diarrhea and can lead to liver failure and death

Eating mushrooms collected outdoors can be very risky,because many poisonous mushrooms look and taste like ones

that are safe to eat. There is no easy way to tell the differencebetween safe and unsafe mushrooms

Teach children never to touch or taste outdoor mushrooms



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Ornamental plants reported to betoxic when ingested by humans

Plant Name Botanical Name Toxic Plant Part Symptoms

Air potato Dioscorea bulbifera Raw fruit Abdominal pain, nausea

Algerian Ivy Hedera canariensis All parts Diarrhea, nervousness,labored respiration,convulsions

Allamanda Allamandaspp. All parts Nausea, high temperature,dryness of the mouth

Amaryllis Amaryllis spp. Bulbs & seeds Gastrointestinal problems,vomiting, diarrhea

American Arborvitae Thuja occidentalis Leaves Low blood pressure,convulsions

Angel's Trumpet Daturaspp All parts Blurring of vision, delirium

Anise-tree Illicium floridanum,Illicium anisatum

Leaves Abdominal pain, vomiting,convulsions, death

Azalea Rhododendronspp. All parts Nausea, vomiting, weakness,dizziness, breathing difficulty,coma



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Rhododendron spp.

AzaleaHippeastrum spp.

Amaryllis
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1021&search=true&resultNo=1


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Barberry Berberisspp. All parts Depressant action on theheart muscle

Black Locust Robiniapseudoacacia

bark, seeds Nausea, weakness,depression

Boxwood Buxus sempervirens Leaves Gastric, vomiting

Buckeye Aesculusspp. All parts parts digestive irritant,nausea, vomiting

Caladium, Caladium bicolor All parts Burning in mouth & throat,vomiting

Calla-lily Zante deschiaspp. All parts Burning and inflammation of

the mouth and throat

Castor bean Ricinus communis Seeds Burning in mouth & throat,gastric and intestinalproblems

Century Plant Agave americana Leaves Vomiting, diarrhea

Cherry (all species) Prunusspp. Leaves bark, seeds Gasping, nervous disorder




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Berberis spp. Barberry

Zante deschia spp.

Calla Lily
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1205&search=true&resultNo=5http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant3277&search=true&resultNo=2http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1205&search=true&resultNo=5http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1201&search=true&resultNo=1


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Clematis Clematisspp All parts Gastro-intestinal irritation

Crinum Lily Crinumspp Bulb Vomiting, diarrhea

Delphinium Delphiniumspp. All parts Digestive upset, nervous excitement ordepression

Elderberry Sambucuscanadensis

Root, bark,stem, leaves

Raw berries may cause nausea. Fruitcommonly made into pies, jelly and wine -not harmful when cooked

Elephant Ear Colocasiaesculenta

All parts Intense burning and irritation of the tongue

English Ivy Hedera helix Leaves, stems,fruits

Headache, fever, anxiety, breathingdifficulty, coma




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Hedera Helix

English IvyClematis spp. Clematis

Delphinium spp.

Delphinium

Colocasia esculenta

Elephants Ear
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1382&search=true&resultNo=1http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1423&search=true&resultNo=1http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1614&search=true&resultNo=3http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1382&search=true&resultNo=1http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant1795&search=true&resultNo=1


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Eucalyptus. Eucalyptusspp Leaves Vomiting, diarrhea, weakness,respiratory diff iculty, nausea

False Indigo Baptisiaspp. All parts Paralysis

Firethorn Pyracanthaspp Berries Stomach ache, blistering of tongue,

vomiting

Four-o-clock root Mirabilis jalpa Seeds Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain

Ginkgo (female) Ginkgo biloba Fruit Violent stomach pain, kidney disorders

Gloriosa Lily Gloriosa superba All parts Numbness of lips, tongue and throat,nervous system paralysis

Holly Ilexspp. Berries Vomiting, diarrhea

Honeysuckle, Japanese& Trumpet

Lonicerajaponica,L.sempervirens

All parts Diarrhea, pupil dilation, irregularheartbeat, respiratory failure, coma




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Lonicera japonica, L.sempervirens

Japanese & Trumpet Honeysuckle

Illex spp.

Holly
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2044&search=true&resultNo=7http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2241&search=true&resultNo=4http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2240&search=true&resultNo=3


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Smooth Hydrangea,Oakleaf Hydrangea,Bigleaf Hydrangea

Hydrangea quercifolia,

Hydrangea macrophylla

Hydrangea arborescens

Leaves, bark Gastric, intestinal,convulsions

Impatiens, balsam Impatiensspp. Stem, leaves, root Vomiting, diarrhea

Iris Irisspp. Underground stems Severe digestive tract

discomfort

Jack-in-the-Pulpit Arisaemaspp. All parts Mouth and throat irritation,vomiting

Juniper Juniperusspp. Berry-like seeds Kidney damage

Lantana Lantanaspp. Fruit Gastric, vomiting, diarrhea,circulatory collapse

Lily-of-the-Valley Convallaria majalis All parts Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,irregular heartbeat and pulse,mental confusion

Lilies (Rain Lily,

Atamasco Lily,Easter Lily)

Zephyranthusspp. All parts Dizziness, stomach pain,collapse, fatal to livestock




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Lantana spp.

Lantana

ydrangea quercifolia, H.macrophylla H.arborescens Smooth

Hydrangea, Oakleaf Hydrangea, Bigleaf Hydrangea

Impatiens spp.

ImpatiensIris spp.

Iris
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2071&search=true&resultNo=2http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2056&search=true&resultNo=7http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2008&search=true&resultNo=3http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2017&search=true&resultNo=7http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2015&search=true&resultNo=6http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=plant2149&search=true&resultNo=1


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Plant Name Botanical Name Toxic PlantPart

Symptoms

Mahonia Mahonia spp. All parts Depressant action on the heartmuscle

Mimosa Albizzia spp All parts Intestinal irritation

Morning Glory Ipomoea spp. Seeds, root Hallucinations, vomiting, diarrhea,

muscle tightness

Mountain Laurel Kalmia latifolia Leaves, twigs,flowers

Gastric, paralysis, convulsions

Oleander Nerium oleander L All parts Dizziness, irregular heart beat,nausea, convulsions, death. This isone of the most toxic ornamentalplants in the southeast

OrnamentalTobacco

Nicotiana spp. All parts Weakness, diarrhea, abdominalpain, paralysis

Periwinkle (vine) Vinca minor All parts Intestinal irritation

Periwinkle (annual) Catharanthus roseus All parts Hallucinations, damage to liver,kidney, nervous system




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Impomoea spp.

Morning glory

Nerium oleander

Oleander


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Plumbago Plumbago spp. Leaves, stems Stomach pain

Privet Ligustrum spp. Fruit Nausea, headache, abdominal pain,vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure

Sago Palm Cycas revoluta Seeds, roots,trunk pith

Headache, vomiting, stomach disorders

Sweet shrub Calycanthusfloridus

Seeds Affects central nervous system, spasms,increased heart rate

Trumpet Creeper(Chalice Vine)

Campsis radicans All parts exceptfruit

Gastric irritation, dilated pupils,numbness in hands

Virginia Creeper(Woodbine) Parthenocissusquinquefolia Berries, leaves Nausea, bloody vomiting, abdominalpain, kidney damage, headache

Wisteria Wisteria spp Pods, seeds Stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea,vomiting

Yew Taxus spp. Berries, foliage Foliage more toxic than berries, deathcan be sudden without symptoms




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Wisteria spp.

Wisteria

Campsis radicans

Trumpet Vine


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If you have small children or curious pets, consider removing toxicplants from your garden and house.

Before buying a plant, have the store tell you the name of the plantand label it with both the common and botanical name.

Show grandparents and baby sitters where the plant label is. It is veryhard for Poison Specialists to identify plants from a description givenon the phone. Know the names of your plants before a poisoninghappens.

House plants should be placed out of the reach of the very young.

Store labeled bulbs and seeds safely away from children and pets.Avoid confusing bulbs with onions you can eat.

Use protective gloves and clothing when handling plants that may beirritating to the skin. Wash clothes afterwards.

Preventing Poisoning Exposures



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Do not eat plants or mushrooms collected outdoors, unless you arecertain that they are safe.

Teach children not to put any part of a plant in the mouth. This meansleaves, stems, bark, seeds, nuts, berries and bulbs.

Do not allow children to suck nectar from flowers or make "tea" fromthe leaves.

Never chew, or let children chew, on jewelry made from seeds orbeans.

Throw away plant leaves and flowers in a safe way so that children

and pets cannot get to them.

Smoke from fires made of twigs and other parts of poisonous plants,including poison oak, can irritate or harm the eyes, throat and otherparts of the body.

As a general rule, plants toxic to humans are also toxic to pets.http://envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/

Preventing Poisoning Exposures


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Mouth: Remove any remaining parts of the plant or mushroomfrom victim's mouth and clean out the mouth. Give a small amountof water.

Skin: Wash any skin exposed to the plant with soap and cool wateras soon as possible.

Eyes: Flush eyes with lukewarm water for 10-15 minutes. Be verygentle, as vigorous or prolonged rinsing can hurt the eyes.

Treatment of Exposure



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Poison control

For nearest Poison Control:Hennepin Regional Poison CenterHennepin County Medical Center

1-800-222-1222

If vomiting is recommended by the Poison Control Center oryour doctor, use only Syrup of Ipecac.

Do not use anything else, and do not put your finger in thethroat to cause gagging, which can cause more injury.

If advised to take the person to the hospital, bring the plant or apiece of it along with the label.


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