pentaksiran

Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan

7 Disember 1997 page 1

Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari

Pentaksiran Bestari

sebagai

Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan

Smart Assessment Task Force

Examinations SyndicateMinistry of Education

MALAYSIA




AGENDA• Definisi

• Tujuan• Objektif• Prinsip Asas• Ciri• Perbezaan• Proses• Pemboleh




Definisi

Pentaksiran Bestari = PentaksiranLues & Individu +

Teknologi

PB = P(L+I) +T

Pentaksiran Bestari ialah satu bentuk pentaksiran yang

lues, berfokuskan individu dan menggunakan

teknologi dalam operasinya




Tujuan Pentaksiran Bestari

Untuk merealisasikan aspirasi Falsafah Pendidikan Negara

Untuk menjamin kualiti pendidikan

Tujuan




Objektif Pentaksiran Bestari

Untuk memberikan maklumat yang lengkap dan berguna tentang prestasi pembelajaran kepada pelajar, guru, ibubapa, dan stakeholders yang lain yang dapat

menggambarkan keupayaan sebenar pelajar.

Objektif




Prinsip Asas Pentaksiran Bestari

Pensijilan HidupPentaksiran

Yang Humanistik

Data Yang Holistik

Mempastikan Keseimbangan




Ciri-ciri Pentaksiran Bestari

Holistik

BerasaskanElemen

Merujuk Kriteria

On-line

Berpusatkan Pelajar

Pelbagai Bentuk

PancaInstrumen

Berterusan




KESEDIAAN

KEMAJUAN

PENCAPAIAN

APTITUD

PUNCAEVIDENCE

Holistik




Berasaskan ElemenThe objectives of the National Philosophy of Education focus on the physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual

development of the individual. These four aspects are human constructs that should be the focus of our education system. Thus, an assessment approach that is able to provide information regarding the development and realization of the four constructs should be established. Assessment must therefore be geared towards the development of these constructs and this can be achieved through an element-based assessment system.

Element based assessment focuses on the elements that learners possess or have developed through a programme of learning as a result of classroom instruction. This kind of assessment provides information on the mastery and achievement of elements by students.

Elements are subdivisions of constructs that need to be developed through the process of teaching and learning . They represent culminating demonstrations of learning achievement. They may be skills, knowledge, values or performance outcomes. Subjects or learning areas are the means of developing the elements.

Examples Subject Element Language Ability to express ideas

Moral Education Ability to work cooperatively

Mathematics Ability to estimate quantities

Science Ability to formulate hypothesis




Merujuk Kriteria

Pentaksiran Merujuk Kriteria ialah satu bentuk pentaksiran yang dirujukkan pada satu set kriteria yang sudah ditentukan




Berpusatkan Pelajar Smart Assessment is learner-centred as it is based on the belief that all

learners have different rates of learning and given sufficient time and the right opportunities, all learners can become successful. It is therefore

imperative to have a system of assessment which will enable each learner to be assessed when he or she is ready.

In view of the above, Smart Assessment will not only be flexible in nature but also will be administered on an individual basis. In this system all students

will be assessed when they are ready. Their assessment results will be recorded accordingly while reports will be issued upon request.

It is also important to realize that although all assessment data need to be recorded, only positive reports of a learner’s performance will be issued.




On-line

The On-line Assessment System will consist of :•Comprehensive Item Bank•Test Generation System •On-line Administration System•Scoring and Analysis System

A distinct feature of Smart Assessment is the integration of technology with the process and administration of assessment through an On-line Assessment System. On-line assessment means that items for assessment will be stored in a computerised item bank and will be made available to users through networking.

The integration of technology as a tool to facilitate assessment will create a climate where assessment can be provided for each student virtually on demand. This system will enable teachers, students and assessment workers to engage in assessment activities whenever they are ready as valid and reliable items will be readily accessible and learners’ scores will be recorded in a Lifetime Database. Reports will also be produced regarding the learner’s level of mastery of particular elements.




Pelbagai Bentuk •determine entry point of students

•diagnose students’ strengths and weaknesses•monitor students’ progress•determine instructional effectiveness•motivate and encourage

•assess achievement of each intended learning outcome in the curriculum

•assess overall achievement of elements that need to be developed •assess intellectual aptitude based on the multiple intelligences of the individual

Done prior to and duringinstruction

to

Done at the end of each learningarea

Conducted on demandwhen learneris ready

Assessment will be conducted in various forms to allow different demonstrations of strength, abilities and knowledge.

Assessment can then be categorized as follows :

Classroom assessment

School-based assessment

Centralised assessment

to

to




Panca Instrumen

Performance-based Assessment requires learners to create a response or a product to a task given that demonstrate his or her understanding, knowledge or skills over a period of time.

The assessment system in the Smart School will be eclectic in nature with the useof a variety of approaches and instruments in order to actively involve students in a process that joins together what is taught, how it is taught and how it is evaluated.Tools of assessment will range from traditional assessment tools as well as alternative assessment tools. This approach will help improve the validity of the assessment as this will ensure a wide coverage of both the content and process of learning and instruction.

Traditional AssessmentTraditional assessment tools such as paper and pencil tests in criterion-referenced standardised tests to assess overall achievement will be used. Traditional and alternative assessment will be used to assess multiple intelligence in learners centrally.

Alternative AssessmentAlternative assessment refers to any form of assessment that is other than the traditional standardised norm-referenced or criterion-referenced paper and pencil testing. It may require students to answer an open-ended question, work out a solution to a non-routine problem, perform a demonstration of a skill or produce a portfolio or artifact.Forms of alternative assessment that will be implemented in the Smart School for classroom, school-based and centralised assessment are as follows

• authentic assessment• performance based assessment• portfolio assessment• learner-generated rubrics assessment

Authentic Assessment is a form of assessment whereby learners are required to show their actual performance and practice an entire concept rather than bits and pieces in preparation for eventual understanding

Portfolio Assessment refers to the systematic collection of a learner’s work samples, records of observation and test results over a period of time. The assessment of a portfolio is based on established criteria to reflect the achievement of the instructional objectives.

Learner-generated Rubric Assessment focuses on the teacher’s instructional objectives which are derived from educational standards. Learners will generate their own rubric, guided by the teacher, based on the quality of standards they desire to achieve for themselves.The assessment of the product, performance or demonstration will be conducted by learners and teachers based upon their own criteria and performance indicators




Berterusan

The Living Certification system is based on the belief that given the opportunity , an individual can improve himself. Therefore certification, will be a living process

whereby the data on educational accomplishments should be treated as data that is growing and not final. Learners will be allowed to improve their grades and the data

will be recorded and updated accordingly through a patching system.

The National Philosophy of Education states that “Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort

towards further developing the potential of individuals.”

Therefore, assessment, as part of the educational process, must be on-going in nature. To ensure that assessment is an on-going process, a “living” certification system will

be introduced. This will be made possible with the establishment of a Lifetime Database where data on learners’ educational accomplishments is continuously

gathered and updated.




PerbezaanPentaksiran

Sekarang Pentaksiran

Bestari Berfokuskan Pencapaian

Berasaskan Subjek

Merujuk Norma

Berpusatkan Sistem

Berpusat

Terminal

Tertumpu Ujian

Off-line

Holistik

Berasaskan Elemen

Merujuk Kriteria

Berpusatkan Pelajar

Pelbagai Bentuk

Berterusan

Panca Instrumen

On-line




Proses Pentaksiran & Proses Pensijilan

Proses dalam Pentaksiran Bestari boleh dihuraikan dalam tajuk

berikut:

Proses PentaksiranProses Pensijilan




Proses PentaksiranIn Smart Assessment, the assessment process begins at day one

of an individual’s schooling period and goes on for life.

The assessment process can be categorized under the following:

Assessing readinessAssessing progress

Assessing achievementAssessing aptitude




Assessment ReadinessBoth parents and teachers are key players at this point as parents will have to

provide teachers with the learner’s profile regarding his or her learning styles and capabilities. Based on this information, a teacher

will then administer a placement test.

The information given by parents will be supplemented with existing data on the learner, if any, before the placement test is a administered.

The data from this test will be recorded, results analysed and an appropriate entry level is then recommended. The school

administration will ensure that a detailed record of the learner’s ability and readiness is kept. Refer to Appendix 4.




Assessing ProgressThe purpose of assessment during the learning process is to track the

learner’s level of mastery of the elements. The results of the assessment will be used to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses of learners.

Assessing progress will help to ensure that learners have mastered the skills and knowledge for a particular learning area before moving on to the

next level.

A variety of instruments, both traditional and alternative, may be used for this purpose. Using self-generated rubric assessment or checklists, parents,

teachers and learners themselves will conduct the assessment




Assessing AchievementAchievement is assessed in school as well as centrally. Assessment at school level is considered as internal assessment and will generate internal data (Di). Central assessment is considered as external and will generate external data (De). The results of the assessment at both levels ( De and Di) will be recorded in the Lifetime Database and consolidated for purposes of certification.




Proses Pensijilan

Kepujian

De DiCantum

Syarat Pensijilan

Cemerlang

MemuaskanMemuaskan

Belum

Laporan Sijil

YA

PATCH

PentaksiranBerpusat

PentaksiranSekolah




The Enablers

OrangInstrumen

Institusi

Sistem Dokumen

TeknologiFaktor

Pemboleh

Prosedur

Polisi

The success of Smart Assessment depends on

these Enablers




Dokumen

Dokumen

Kriteria Nasional

Spesifikasi Pentaksiran

Dokumen Lain

Senarai Elemen Syarat

Pensijilan

Penunjuk Prestasi




Teknologi

Sustem Penjanaan Ujian

Bank Item Komprehensif

Pentadbiran Pentaksiran Secara On-line

Penskoran dan Analisisan Automatik

Pangkalan Data Sepanjang Hayat




Bank Item Komprehensif

Comprehensive item bank is a database containing a large number of potential assessment items which can be used for assessment activities

for all the subjects offered in Malaysian schools. Each of these assessment items will be coded on predetermined characteristics and by its statistical data which shall include data on academic levels, subjects,

content area within the curriculum framework, learning elements, assessment criteria, and levels of difficulty.

The item bank operates on the premise that all the assessment items can be retrieved on demand for both centralised and school-based

assessment. It contains calibrated and non-calibrated items.The items in the bank can be used by teachers, parents, students and courseware

developers. The bank is a place where teachers can get quality items for their teaching and learning activities as well as items for assessment .

Enablers: Technology




Sistem Penjanaan Ujian

This is a system that allows users to create and print tests from the sets of items stored in the item bank. The system also allows a quick and easy way to write, edit and assemble items in accordance to the test specifications and print multiple versions of tests.





Sistem Pentadbiran Pentaksiran On-lineThe On-line Test Administration System refers to a

system of administering tests on network which will allow tests to be administered through networking on a demand

basis . It should be able to support a variety of both traditional and alternative assessment items as well as

interactive computer tests.

This system will recognize bona fide test-takers, administer multiple versions of tests on-line as well as

authenticate access to the system. Test-takers’ responses will be processed automatically under the scoring and

analysis system.





Sistem Penskoran dan Penganalisisan AutomatikThis refers to an automatic method of giving score to a test-taker’s responses as well as analysing the scores to be exported to a test-takers’ Lifetime Database. It also provides immediate scoring and feedback on interactive tests.This will enable test-takers’ responses to be linked with recognized raters. Benchmark scripts and marking schemes will be made accessible to raters through networking . This system will also update item analysis data in the item bank as well as generate customized remediation and mastery reports for each student.





Pangkalan Data Sepanjang HayatThe Central Examinations Agency intends to monitor learner’s achievement throughout his or her educational development. To realize this intention, a database facility with the capability to accommodate changes in a learner’s data and to store his whole profile has to be established.Assessment scores are stored for each learner's profile in this database. The system will continuously update the scores with only the best achievement stored in the database. This system shall be an on-going system which rapidly retrieves the learner's profile for the assessment process.





People

PEOPLE

CoursewareDevelopers

Policymakers

AssessmentWorkers

Parents

TeachersStudents

Enablers: People

Operators

Practitioners

Contributors




Pekerja PentaksiranTo keep Smart Assessment running effectively four levels of assessment

workers are needed:

Practitioners They are required to understand, analyse and interpret assessment data as well as develop, rate and moderate assessment instruments as:

item writersraters

moderatorsitem evaluators

Contributors They are required to design, research and evaluate assessment practices and instruments as:

psychometriciansresearch officers

ManagersFull-time assessment managers are required to coordinate assessment activities at school level which will be conducted on an on-going basis.

OperatorsThey conduct and

administer assessment activities at school and central level as:

invigilatorsassessment coordinators

administrators

Orang




Prosedur

Prosedur

Pendaftaran

Pengawasan

PelaporanPensijilan

Keselamatan

PemeriksaanPentadbiran

Pemboleh




Instrumen

•Self-generated rubrics •Criterion-referenced Test

•Performance Test

KESEDIAANAPTITUD

KEMAJUAN PENCAPAIAN

computer adaptive tests•scholastic aptitude

•occupational aptitude

•Autentik •Pemerhatian

• Senarai Semak

•multiple intelligence

Instrumen




Institusi

•Sekolah•Maktab/Institut Perguruan•Universiti•Lembaga Peperiksaan•Majlis Peperiksaan•Institut Pentaksir•Pusat-pusat Latihan

Peranan Institusi

Memperkenal

Menatar

Promote

Melaksana

Melatih

Menilai

Menyelidik

Pemboleh




Sistem

SistemPatching

Pengenalan

Pentadbiran

Penyampaian

Cantuman

Pelaporan

The Enablers




Sistem Pengenalan Diri

Satu nombor yang unik akan digunakan sebagai pengenalan seseorang individu

pelajar sepanjang hayatnya. Nombor ini boleh digunakan untuk menduduki

pentaksiran di pelbagai tahap.

Sistem




Sistem Pentadbiran

Pentaksiran akan ditadbir berdasarkan individu (bukan kumpulan) dengan menggunakan instrumen yang dikeluarkan

berdasarkan kaedah multiple delivery.Intrumen akan disampaikan kepada individu yang ditaksir

menerusi salah satu daripada mod yang berikut:

•On-line - On-Screen - Interactive•On-line - On-Screen•On-line - Off-Screen•Off-line - Off-Screen

Enablers: Systems




Sistem Patching

Patching ialah mekanisma yang

membolehkan individu (pelajar)

memperbaiki data

pentaksirannya

Enablers: Systems

Dalam Sistem Pentaksiran Bestari

Pelbagai JenisPatching diamalkan di

Pelbagai Peringkat.

Jenis Patching•Patching memenuhi keperluan

•Patching memperbaiki

Peringkat Patching•Peringkat Kertas•Peringkat Elemen•Peringkat Subjek

•Peringkat Sijil




Sistem Cantuman Data

Sistem Hurdle akan digunakan dalam mencantumkan dua atau lebih kumpulan

data pentaksiran yang datang dari pentaksiran dalaman (Di) dan

pentaksiran luaran (De)

Enablers: Systems




Sistem Pelaporan

Terdapat dua tahap pelaporan:•Pelaporan tentang pencapaian keseluruhan•Rekod Pembelajaran Yang

Enablers: Systems




Sistem Penyampaian

Penyampaian intrumen akan dibuat dengan pendekatan

Multiple Delivery

Multiple Delivery merupakan satu pendekatan penyampaian yang

menggunakan instrumen yang tidak terhad bilangannya, berbeza dari segi item (soalan)

tetapi bertujuan mentaksir elemen yang sama dalam skop dan tahap yang sama.

Enablers: Systems

pentaksiran

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