pentadbiran pengembangan (dr ismi)

8/7/2019 PENTADBIRAN PENGEMBANGAN (Dr Ismi)

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PENTADBIRANPENTADBIRAN

PENGEMBANGANPENGEMBANGANISMI ARIF ISMAILISMI ARIF ISMAIL


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Extension administrationExtension administration


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Extension administrationExtension administration


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Pentadbiran?Pentadbiran?

Pengembangan?Pengembangan?


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FALSAFAH PENGEMBANGANFALSAFAH PENGEMBANGAN

MembawaMembawa PerubahanPerubahan

PendidikanPendidikan NonNon

FormalFormal


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FALSAFAH PENGEMBANGANFALSAFAH PENGEMBANGAN

Perubahan dari segi:Perubahan dari segi:

PengetahuanPengetahuanSikapSikap

KemahiranKemahiran


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Individu akan berubahIndividu akan berubah

apabila ia merasaiapabila ia merasai

keperluan perubahankeperluan perubahan


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Perubahan yang kekalPerubahan yang kekal

hanya akan tercapaihanya akan tercapai

melalui prosesmelalui proses

pendidikanpendidikan


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Manusia akan sampai keManusia akan sampai ke

tahap pencapaian yangtahap pencapaian yang

tinggi jika mempunyaitinggi jika mempunyai

peluang berbuatpeluang berbuat

demikiandemikian


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55

Proses demokrasi adalahProses demokrasi adalah

asas perubahanasas perubahan


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66

Masyarakat memerlukanMasyarakat memerlukan

kepimpinankepimpinan


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77

Semangat jaya diri adalahSemangat jaya diri adalah

asas kejayaanasas kejayaan


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PrinsipPrinsip

PengembanganPengembangan


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Aktiviti berdasarkan keadaanAktiviti berdasarkan keadaan

yang sedia adayang sedia ada

Aktiviti dijalankan bersama danAktiviti dijalankan bersama danbukan hanya untuk pesertabukan hanya untuk peserta

Aktiviti berasaskan keperluan danAktiviti berasaskan keperluan dan

peserta (dirasai dan tidak dirasai)peserta (dirasai dan tidak dirasai)


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Aktiviti dijalankan secaraAktiviti dijalankan secara

beransurberansur--ansuransur

Tanpa mengira kategori penerimaTanpa mengira kategori penerima Kepimpinan perlu wujud dalamKepimpinan perlu wujud dalam

aktiviti pengembanganaktiviti pengembangan


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Gunakan kerjasama agensiGunakan kerjasama agensi

pembangunanpembangunan

Penilaian adalah penting dalamPenilaian adalah penting dalamaktiviti pengembanganaktiviti pengembangan

Aktiviti hendaklah selaras denganAktiviti hendaklah selaras dengan

dasar pembangunan, agama,dasar pembangunan, agama,budaya,budaya,


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PentadbiranPentadbiran


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AAdministrationdministration consists of the performance orconsists of the performance or

management of business operations and thus themanagement of business operations and thus the

making or implementing of a major decision.making or implementing of a major decision.

Administration can be defined as the universalAdministration can be defined as the universal

process of organizing people and resourcesprocess of organizing people and resources

efficiently so as to direct activities towardefficiently so as to direct activities toward

common goals and objectives.common goals and objectives.


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AdministratorAdministrator

In someIn some organizationalorganizational analyses,analyses, managementmanagement is viewedis viewed

as a subset of administration, specifically associatedas a subset of administration, specifically associatedwith the technical and mundane elements within anwith the technical and mundane elements within anorganization's operation. It stands distinct fromorganization's operation. It stands distinct fromexecutive or strategic work.executive or strategic work.

In other organizational analyses, administration canIn other organizational analyses, administration can

refer to therefer to the bureaucraticbureaucratic oror operationaloperational performance ofperformance ofmundanemundane officeoffice tasks, usually internally oriented andtasks, usually internally oriented andreactive rather than proactive.reactive rather than proactive.


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Administrators, broadly speaking, engage in aAdministrators, broadly speaking, engage in a

common set of functions to meet thecommon set of functions to meet the

organization's goals. These "functions" of theorganization's goals. These "functions" of the

administrator were described byadministrator were described byHenri FayolHenri Fayol asas

"the 5 elements of administration" (in bold"the 5 elements of administration" (in bold

below).below).


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5 elements of administration5 elements of administration

PlanningPlanning is deciding in advance what to do,is deciding in advance what to do,

how to do it, when to do it, and who should dohow to do it, when to do it, and who should do

it. It maps the path from where the organizationit. It maps the path from where the organization

is to where it wants to be. The planning functionis to where it wants to be. The planning function

involves establishing goals and arranging theminvolves establishing goals and arranging them

in logical order. Administrators engage in bothin logical order. Administrators engage in both

shortshort--range and longrange and long--range planning.range planning.


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OrganizingOrganizing involves identifying responsibilitiesinvolves identifying responsibilities

to be performed, grouping responsibilities intoto be performed, grouping responsibilities into

departments or divisions, and specifyingdepartments or divisions, and specifying

organizational relationships. The purpose is toorganizational relationships. The purpose is to

achieve coordinated effort among all theachieve coordinated effort among all the

elements in the organization (elements in the organization (CoordinatingCoordinating).).

Organizing must take into account delegation ofOrganizing must take into account delegation ofauthority and responsibility and span of controlauthority and responsibility and span of control

within supervisory units.within supervisory units.


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StaffingStaffingmeans filling job positions with themeans filling job positions with the

right people at the right time. It involvesright people at the right time. It involves

determining staffing needs, writing jobdetermining staffing needs, writing job

descriptions, recruiting anddescriptions, recruiting and screeningscreeningpeople topeople to

fill the positions.fill the positions.


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Directing (Directing (CommandingCommanding) is leading people in a) is leading people in amanner that achieves the goals of themanner that achieves the goals of theorganization. This involves properorganization. This involves proper allocation ofallocation of

resourcesresources and providing an effective supportand providing an effective supportsystem. Directing requires exceptionalsystem. Directing requires exceptionalinterpersonal skills and the ability to motivateinterpersonal skills and the ability to motivatepeople. One of the crucial issues in directing ispeople. One of the crucial issues in directing is

to find the correct balance between emphasis onto find the correct balance between emphasis onstaff needs and emphasis on economicstaff needs and emphasis on economicproduction.production.


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''ControllingControlling is a function that evaluates quality in is a function that evaluates quality in

all areas and detects potential or actualall areas and detects potential or actual

deviations from the organization's plan. Thisdeviations from the organization's plan. This

ensures highensures high--quality performance andquality performance and

satisfactory results while maintaining an orderlysatisfactory results while maintaining an orderly

and problemand problem--free environment. Controllingfree environment. Controlling

includes information management, measurementincludes information management, measurementof performance, and institution of correctiveof performance, and institution of corrective

actions.actions.


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Budgeting, exempted from the list above,Budgeting, exempted from the list above,

incorporates most of the administrativeincorporates most of the administrative

functions, beginning with the implementation offunctions, beginning with the implementation of

a budget plan through the application ofa budget plan through the application ofbudgetbudget

controls.controls.


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