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ICT Dalam

P&P sulaiman@ppk.kpm.myUnit Komputer Dalam PendidikanPusat Perkembangan Kurikulum

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The Third Wave(Tofler

!gri"ulture!gri"ulture

#ndustrial#ndustrial

#nformation#nformation

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#nformation !ge

$ro%th

of&ivili'atio

n

Time

Million years 10,000 years 200 years

1980

1940sComputers

AgricultureAge

InustrialAge

In!ormationAge

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Traditionally

#mportant

Paradigm

The

merging

Paradigm

"#pecte C$anges %rom "ucation in

t$e Inustrial ociety to "ucation in

t$e In!ormation

Pelgrum an Anerson '"(),1999

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Actor "ucation in t$e Inustrial ociety't$e traitionally important

paraigm)

"ucation in t$e In!ormation ociety't$e emerging paraigm)

c$ool Integrate in society

In!ormation openly a*aila+le

Teac$er Initiator o! instruction

$ole class teac$ing

"*aluates stuent

Places lo- emp$asis on

communication s.ills

/elps stuent !in appropriateinstructional pat$

uies stuents inepenent learning

/elps stuent to e*aluate o-n

progress Places $ig$ emp$asis on

communication s.ills

tuent Mostly passi*e

earns mostly at sc$ool

/arly any team-or.

Ta.es 3uestions !rom +oo.s orteac$ers

earn ans-ers to 3uestions

o- interest in learning

More acti*e

earns at sc$ool an outsie sc$ool

Muc$ team-or.

As.s 3uestions %in ans-ers to 3uestions

/ig$ interest

Parent /arly acti*ely in*ol*e in learningprocess

o steering o! instruction o li!e5long learning moel

6ery acti*e in learning process

Co5steering

Parents pro*ie moel

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Actor "ucation in t$e Inustrial ociety't$e traitionally important

paraigm)

"ucation in t$e In!ormation ociety't$e emerging paraigm)

c$ool Isolate !rom society

Most in!ormation on sc$ool!unctioning con!iential

Integrate in society

In!ormation openly a*aila+le

Teac$er Initiator o! instruction

$ole class teac$ing

"*aluates stuent

Places lo- emp$asis on

communication s.ills

/elps stuent !in appropriateinstructional pat$

uies stuents inepenent learning

/elps stuent to e*aluate o-n

progress Places $ig$ emp$asis on

communication s.ills

tuent Mostly passi*e

earns mostly at sc$ool

/arly any team-or.

Ta.es 3uestions !rom +oo.s orteac$ers

earn ans-ers to 3uestions

o- interest in learning

More acti*e

earns at sc$ool an outsie sc$ool

Muc$ team-or.

As.s 3uestions %in ans-ers to 3uestions

/ig$ interest

Parent /arly acti*ely in*ol*e in learningprocess

o steering o! instruction o li!e5long learning moel

6ery acti*e in learning process

Co5steering

Parents pro*ie moel

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Actor "ucation in t$e Inustrial ociety't$e traitionally important

paraigm)

"ucation in t$e In!ormation ociety't$e emerging paraigm)

c$ool Isolate !rom society

Most in!ormation on sc$ool!unctioning con!iential

Integrate in society

In!ormation openly a*aila+le

Teac$er Initiator o! instruction

$ole class teac$ing

"*aluates stuent

Places lo- emp$asis on

communication s.ills

/elps stuent !in appropriateinstructional pat$

uies stuents inepenent learning

/elps stuent to e*aluate o-n

progress Places $ig$ emp$asis on

communication s.ills

tuent Mostly passi*e

earns mostly at sc$ool

/arly any team-or.

Ta.es 3uestions !rom +oo.s orteac$ers

earn ans-ers to 3uestions

o- interest in learning

More acti*e

earns at sc$ool an outsie sc$ool

Muc$ team-or.

As.s 3uestions %in ans-ers to 3uestions

/ig$ interest

Parent /arly acti*ely in*ol*e in learningprocess

o steering o! instruction o li!e5long learning moel

6ery acti*e in learning process

Co5steering

Parents pro*ie moel

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Actor "ucation in t$e Inustrial ociety't$e traitionally important

paraigm)

"ucation in t$e In!ormation ociety't$e emerging paraigm)

c$ool Isolate !rom society

Most in!ormation on sc$ool!unctioning con!iential

Integrate in society

In!ormation openly a*aila+le

Teac$er Initiator o! instruction

$ole class teac$ing

"*aluates stuent

Places lo- emp$asis on

communication s.ills

/elps stuent !in appropriateinstructional pat$

uies stuents inepenent learning

/elps stuent to e*aluate o-n

progress Places $ig$ emp$asis on

communication s.ills

tuent Mostly passi*e

earns mostly at sc$ool

/arly any team-or.

Ta.es 3uestions !rom +oo.s orteac$ers

earn ans-ers to 3uestions

o- interest in learning

More acti*e

earns at sc$ool an outsie sc$ool

Muc$ team-or.

As.s 3uestions %in ans-ers to 3uestions

/ig$ interest

Parent /arly acti*ely in*ol*e in learningprocess

o steering o! instruction o li!e5long learning moel

6ery acti*e in learning process

Co5steering

Parents pro*ie moel

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Actor "ucation in t$e Inustrial ociety't$e traitionally important

paraigm)

"ucation in t$e In!ormation ociety't$e emerging paraigm)

c$ool Isolate !rom society

Most in!ormation on sc$ool!unctioning con!iential

Integrate in society

In!ormation openly a*aila+le

Teac$er Initiator o! instruction

$ole class teac$ing

"*aluates stuent

Places lo- emp$asis on

communication s.ills

/elps stuent !in appropriateinstructional pat$

uies stuents inepenent learning

/elps stuent to e*aluate o-n

progress Places $ig$ emp$asis on

communication s.ills

tuent Mostly passi*e

earns mostly at sc$ool

/arly any team-or.

Ta.es 3uestions !rom +oo.s orteac$ers

earn ans-ers to 3uestions

o- interest in learning

More acti*e

earns at sc$ool an outsie sc$ool

Muc$ team-or.

As.s 3uestions %in ans-ers to 3uestions

/ig$ interest

Parent /arly acti*ely in*ol*e in learningprocess

o steering o! instruction o li!e5long learning moel

6ery acti*e in learning process

Co5steering

Parents pro*ie moel

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Actor "ucation in t$e Inustrial ociety't$e traitionally important

paraigm)

"ucation in t$e In!ormation ociety't$e emerging paraigm)

c$ool Isolate !rom society

Most in!ormation on sc$ool!unctioning con!iential

Integrate in society

In!ormation openly a*aila+le

Teac$er Initiator o! instruction

$ole class teac$ing

"*aluates stuent

Places lo- emp$asis on

communication s.ills

/elps stuent !in appropriateinstructional pat$

uies stuents inepenent learning

/elps stuent to e*aluate o-n

progress Places $ig$ emp$asis on

communication s.ills

tuent Mostly passi*e

earns mostly at sc$ool

/arly any team-or.

Ta.es 3uestions !rom +oo.s orteac$ers

earn ans-ers to 3uestions

o- interest in learning

More acti*e

earns at sc$ool an outsie sc$ool

Muc$ team-or.

As.s 3uestions %in ans-ers to 3uestions

/ig$ interest

Parent /arly acti*ely in*ol*e in learningprocess

o steering o! instruction o li!e5long learning moel

6ery acti*e in learning process

Co5steering

Parents pro*ie moel

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Actor "ucation in t$e Inustrial ociety't$e traitionally important

paraigm)

"ucation in t$e In!ormation ociety't$e emerging paraigm)

c$ool Isolate !rom society

Most in!ormation on sc$ool!unctioning con!iential

Integrate in society

In!ormation openly a*aila+le

Teac$er Initiator o! instruction

$ole class teac$ing

"*aluates stuent

Places lo- emp$asis on

communication s.ills

/elps stuent !in appropriateinstructional pat$

uies stuents inepenent learning

/elps stuent to e*aluate o-n

progress Places $ig$ emp$asis on

communication s.ills

tuent Mostly passi*e

earns mostly at sc$ool

/arly any team-or.

Ta.es 3uestions !rom +oo.s orteac$ers

earn ans-ers to 3uestions

o- interest in learning

More acti*e

earns at sc$ool an outsie sc$ool

Muc$ team-or.

As.s 3uestions %in ans-ers to 3uestions

/ig$ interest

Parent /arly acti*ely in*ol*e in learningprocess

o steering o! instruction o li!e5long learning moel

6ery acti*e in learning process

Co5steering

Parents pro*ie moel

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Actor "ucation in t$e Inustrial ociety't$e traitionally important

paraigm)

"ucation in t$e In!ormation ociety't$e emerging paraigm)

c$ool Isolate !rom society

Most in!ormation on sc$ool!unctioning con!iential

Integrate in society

In!ormation openly a*aila+le

Teac$er Initiator o! instruction

$ole class teac$ing

"*aluates stuent

Places lo- emp$asis on

communication s.ills

/elps stuent !in appropriateinstructional pat$

uies stuents inepenent learning

/elps stuent to e*aluate o-n

progress Places $ig$ emp$asis on

communication s.ills

tuent Mostly passi*e

earns mostly at sc$ool

/arly any team-or.

Ta.es 3uestions !rom +oo.s orteac$ers

earn ans-ers to 3uestions

o- interest in learning

More acti*e

earns at sc$ool an outsie sc$ool

Muc$ team-or.

As.s 3uestions %in ans-ers to 3uestions

/ig$ interest

Parent /arly acti*ely in*ol*e in learningprocess

o steering o! instruction o li!e5long learning moel

6ery acti*e in learning process

Co5steering

Parents pro*ie moel

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Actor "ucation in t$e Inustrial ociety't$e traitionally important

paraigm)

"ucation in t$e In!ormation ociety't$e emerging paraigm)

c$ool Isolate !rom society

Most in!ormation on sc$ool!unctioning con!iential

Integrate in society

In!ormation openly a*aila+le

Teac$er Initiator o! instruction

$ole class teac$ing

"*aluates stuent

Places lo- emp$asis on

communication s.ills

/elps stuent !in appropriateinstructional pat$

uies stuents inepenent learning

/elps stuent to e*aluate o-n

progress Places $ig$ emp$asis on

communication s.ills

tuent Mostly passi*e

earns mostly at sc$ool

/arly any team-or.

Ta.es 3uestions !rom +oo.s orteac$ers

earn ans-ers to 3uestions

o- interest in learning

More acti*e

earns at sc$ool an outsie sc$ool

Muc$ team-or.

As.s 3uestions %in ans-ers to 3uestions

/ig$ interest

Parent /arly acti*ely in*ol*e in learningprocess

o steering o! instruction o li!e5long learning moel

6ery acti*e in learning process

Co5steering

Parents pro*ie moel

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#nternational )o"iety for Te"hnology in du"ation

Traitional earning "n*ironments e- earning "n*ironments

Teac$er5centere instruction

ingle sense stimulation

ingle pat$ progression

ingle meia

Isolate -or.

In!ormation eli*ery

Passi*e learning

%actual, .no-lege +ase learning

7eacti*e response

Isolate, arti!icial conte#t

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#nternational )o"iety for Te"hnology in du"ation

Traitional earning "n*ironments e- earning "n*ironments

Teac$er5centere instruction tuent5Centere Instruction

ingle sense stimulation Multisensory stimulation

ingle pat$ progression Multipat$ progression

ingle meia Multimeia

Isolate -or. Colla+orati*e -or.

In!ormation eli*ery In!ormation e#c$ange

Passi*e learningActi*ee#ploratoryin3uiry5+aselearning

%actual, .no-lege +ase learningCritical t$in.ing an in!ormeecision ma.ing

7eacti*e response Proacti*eplanne action

Isolate, arti!icial conte#t Aut$entic, real5-orl conte#t

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#&T* Definition

Information & Communications

Technology may be defined as the

technology associated with the handling oftechnology associated with the handling ofinformationinformation: its storage, processing and

transmission in a variety of forms by

electronic means, and its use in controllingthe operation of machines and other

devices.

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#&T in du"ation

technology associatedtechnology associated

with the handling ofwith the handling ofinformationinformation related torelated to

educationeducationparticularly theparticularly the

content of teaching andcontent of teaching andlearning.learning.

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tages o! Tec$nology Aoption

ntry

!doption !daptation

!ppropriation

#nvention

!&+T

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Use of #&T in du"ation

Penggunaan #&T dalam P,P

bermaksud menggunakan #&T se"ara

terancang,+ersesuaian,dan+er!i.ra$untuk meningkatkan

ke"ekapan proses dan keberkesanan

P,P

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&ategories of #&T #ntegration

in T,- #&T for tutorial learning

#&T for eploratory learning

#&T as appli"ations

#&T for "ommuni"ation

!dapted from /arbara 0eans "lassifi"ations of te"hnology use in learning1 2334

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#&T for tutorial learning

ICTdikatakan untuk pembela5aran tutorialapabila diguna untuk menyampai kandunganpela5aran berdasarkan urutan yang telahditetapkan. Pembela5aran tutorial inimerangkumi*

Pembela5aran ekspositori Demonstrasi sesuatu fenomena yang ditun5ukkan

dan dika%al urutan babaknya oleh sistem1 -atihan atau latihtubi yang disampai dan dika%al

oleh sistem

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#&T for eploratory learning

Penggunaan #&T untuk pembela5aran

penerokaan berlaku apabila #&T digunakan

sebagai medium untuk* men"ari dan mengakses maklumat daripada &D6

7+01 #nternet1 gerbang maklumat dll.

mengalami1 mempela5ari dan mengka5i sesuatu

fenomena se"ara simulasi melihat demontrasi sesuatu ke5adian yang urutan

babaknya boleh dika%al oleh murid

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#&T as appli"ations

#&T dikatakan diguna sebagai alat

aplikasi apabila membantu murid

melaksanakan tugasan pembela5aran1bukan sebagai mekanisma penyaluran

maklumat p,p

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#&T for "ommuni"ation

#&T dikatakan sebagai alat pemudah

komunikasi apabila diguna untuk

memboleh murid dan guru daripadalokasi yang berbe'a menghantar1

menerima dan berkongsi maklumat yang

pelbagai bentuk.