ketindeg 8

8/12/2019 KETINDEG 8

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WHATS INSIDE?

3 - Theres sll much to be done

7 - Salt and night crawlers in rebuilding resources

10 - Dead for 16 years, should it be buried?

14 - What do you have to say?

16 - At looong last, hope springs

18 - Photo story: Hill 224, a year aer

20 - Plusses and minuses from the IP table in Kusog

Mindanaw

22 - FYI: Sawit, a tradion that goes beyond sharing

23 - Victory unto the veggie yard

26 - Breakthroughs in the 7th PSB

28 - Being felt in Wao

30 - A queson of identy in the Bangsamoro

KtindgVolume 2 Issue 8 * January, 2014 * 32pages

DevelopmentConsultants Inc.

Recognition of the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao forEmpowerment and Sustainable Development (IPDEV) is a project implemented by the consortium: KonradAdenauer Stiftung e.V., Institute for Autonomy and Governance (IAG) and DEVCON Development Consultants Inc.

THIS PROJECT IS SUPPORTED

BY THE EUROPEAN UNION

D E V C O N

ISSN 2345-8461

An ocial publicaon of the IPDEV Project, Empowering Indigenous Peoples in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao


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Kndg, in Teduray roughly meansstanding up for something, makingone be seen and be felt among themany. The word is not far from theCebuano, Tagalog or Maguindanaovariaons of ndog, ndigand ndegrespecvely. It is a ng tle for aregular publicaon that aempts tocapture the experiences gatheredin this journey of recognizing therights of the Lumad in the ARMM.

With this issue, we would like tothank everyone supporng the

projects aims, and acknowledgethose who are always striving tomake IPDEV as fruiul, meaningfuland sustainable as possible. You makeIPDEV a connously inspiring project.

Fiyo teresang!

To nd out moreabout IPDEV:

@kend3g

for IPDEV videos andradio recordings.

facebook.com/ipdevarmm

TEXTS & VISUALCONCEPTS:

ROMMEL G. REBOLLIDO

IN COORDINATION WITH IPDEV3

REPELANT. Abay Rendaw (right) checks on what Tedurays callkaf (foxtail millet) planted among corn crops to keep insects atbay at the farm of former Timuay Faguilidan (Supreme Jusce)Dominador Aso (middle) in barangay Rempes, Upi, Maguindanao.

ABOUT THE COVER

Still much tobe done...

IN February 2012, the IPDEV projectwas launched and within its rst projectyear, the project team has successfullyset up the projects infrastructure,dialogue and exchange mechanismswith contacts crucial to the projectssuccessful implementaon as well asa very broad and solid stakeholdersnetwork. These project dialogueand exchange mechanisms as wellas the stakeholders network weremaintained during the second projectyear and have been able to beextended in some areas.

During its Incepon Phase theproject secured basic cultural andcommunity requirements for itsimplementaon. It establishedprotocol to solicit support for the

project from the leaders, BarangayLocal Government Units and otheroperang structures in the targetareas. It included preparatoryacvies that installed mechanismsto ensure proper administraon ofthe acon.

The Project Sounding Board(PSB) was formed from among thestakeholders, serving as a feedback and

A SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

Time ies! In January 2014

the IPDEV project seizes the

opportunity to look back over its

past two project years and takes

account of what has been done

and achieved so far.


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4

exchange mechanism and providingdirecons on project priories andquesons regarding implementaon,etc. The PSB members have met on aquarterly basis ever since the creaonof the board and will connue to doso unl month 30 of the project. Theboard has met eight mes within therst two project years.

During the rst and the secondproject year, IPDEV has successfullyimplemented (or is sll implemenngrespecvely) acvies to generateinformaon serving as baseline

references and cultural informaonto enhance the promoon of non-discriminaon and inclusion of IPs andother sustainable and rights-basedacvies in the four ethnic groups inARMM.

The Project undertook iniaves togather important data from the fourtribes. Result-oriented community-based learning sessions on researchand documentaon were conducted. Ademographic survey has been carriedout and will be published mid 2014.A total of 31.400 households weresurveyed in the targeted barangays.Key Informants Interviews, FocusGroup Discussions and communitymapping to determine exisng

community instuons and theirlevel of organizaonal strength werecompleted. IPDEV idened PeoplesOrganizaons of the vulnerablegroups and made them partners inthe development process.

Lets talk numbers:In the 80 barangays covered by the

project in Maguindanao and Lanaodel Sur, a total of 1,756 people were

reached in IPDEVs Focus Groupdiscussions on Cultural Proling (male926 / women 830; IPs forming the

majority with 1,181).IPDEV has completed a datacollecon and informaon gatheringfor the three Ancestral DomainSustainable Development andProtecon Plans (ADSDPP) for theTeduray, Lambangian and DulanganManobo tribes. The ADSDPPs arecurrently revisited together with NCIP

and shall be ready mid 2014.For the Higaonon tribe in the

4 barangays covered by IPDEV inWao, Lanao del Sur the projecthas completed the data colleconand informaon gathering for theBarangay Development Plans (BDP)for each of the four barangays. TheBDPs are sll being compiled and shallbe ready mid 2014.

IPDEVs ADSDPP workshopsmobilized 265 individuals (180 male,85 female), of which 243 were IPs.The ADSDPPs that were draed by

the project have then, in turn, beenadopted by the IP communies.These IP-wide ritual adopons of theADSDPP were aended by a total of866 people (61% male, 39% female) inthe three IP centers of the DulanganManobo, Teduray and Lambangian.The ADSDPPs were validated in thebarangays and these Validaon events

reached a total of 2,749 individuals in76 barangays.

IPDEV carried out analysIs onTraining Needs Assessment inwhich over 2,444 people have beenconsulted (male 1,272, female 1,172 -most parcipants being IPs (2,075 or85%).

The project has oered TrainingCourses for Peoples Organizaonsin Barangays which were aendedby 2,840 individuals (1494 male

(53%) and 1346 female (47%)). Anoverwhelming 2706 parcipants weremembers of the tribes.

We have trained a total of 140individuals from the four tribes asNeed-specic para-legals who weregiven orientaons on paralegal work,law and paralegalism, process ofcourt order, how to document, howto invesgate and how to create fact

sheets and adavits. Addionally,a total of 1300 individuals wereselected for the projects Trainings ofPara-technicians (816 (63%) male, 484(37%) female), with for 1261 (97%)being IPs.

IPDEV has held various Exchangeand Networking meengs, such as anIP womens Summit on the occasionof the Internaonal Womens MonthCelebraon which was aended bymore than 350 IP women from the

Teduray, Lambangian, Dulangan-Manobo and Higaonon tribes and alsoother IP tribes from Wao.

Also, the project team has oeredTrainings on Free and Prior InformedConsent which reached a total of 150individuals from the four tribes, aswell as Seminars on tribal governance

jusce and jusce systems, reaching143 parcipants (95 male and 48

female).Very interacve acvies of the

project are the Field coaching andexposure trips, such as the seminar onSloping Agricultural Land Technology(SALT) at the Mindanao BapstRural Life Center in Bansalan, DavaoDel Sur. In mulple visits two para-technicians from the 76 barangays (intotal 146 parcipants) were trainedon sustainable agriculture technologyproviding them with theorecal andpraccal knowledge and skills onhow to transform land into fruiul,diversied farms. Other Trainingson Sustainable Agriculture, UplandFarming, and Coastal ResourceManagement trained a total of 223people.

Moreover, the project hasheld Trainings on Advocacy andCampaign Management reaching189 parcipants. On top of that,the projects Socio-legal advocacyand campaign events, such as theMarch 2013 IP women summit or theDecember 2013 IP Summit, saw 640parcipants.

Our Regional Round-Tables onIP Advocacy informed about anddiscussed IP issues with almost 100

5


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SALTandnightcrawlersto

rebuild resources

7

Sounds creepy, but,this is just what some146 indigenous folksfrom the Teduray,

Lambangian, DulanganManobo and Higaonontribes learned andwould share to fellowIPs.

people on dierent occasions and ourNaonal Round-Tables on IP Advocacyhave reached and engaged about thesame amount of decision makers atnaonal level. These regular regionaland naonal roundtable discussionson IP rights and discriminaon, raisedawareness among ARMM and NaonalAgencies and decision makers aboutthe need to systemacally improvethe legal and socio-economic situaonof the IP in the ARMM.

With these and many otheracvies, the IPs in the ARMM have

been equipped with fundamentaland rights-based knowledge and skillstowards the promoon of indigenousknowledge, systems and praccesand have been trained to eventuallyincrease their acve parcipaon inlocal governance.

IPDEV facilitated communityorganizing meengs to revive and/orestablish and strengthen community.Trainings, seminars, eld coaching,

awareness-raising and exposuretrips have been conducted in orderto strengthen the CommunityInstuons, the jusce systems,and tribal government of the IP tomanage their own organizaons,governance structures, implementand sustain programs on naturalresources. The projects target groupshave been equipped with knowledgeand skills to eecvely advocate andprotect their rights, promote and gaintheir representaon in mainstreamstructures. IPDEV has facilitated/

is facilitang the acquision of IPOrganizaons juridical enty andassists them with their registraons.

With the help and facilitaon ofIPDEV, IP leaders in the ARMM - forthe rst me ever -have the chanceto get together regularly to formulateand bundle their interest and just asimportantly - make them heard. But alot sll remains to be done so letsdo it!

Fiyo teresang & Meuyag!!!

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November 13, 20137th Project Sounding Board (PSB)Meeting

November 22, 2013Wao IP MandatoryRepresentatives (1municipal, 4 barangays)are selected

December 4-5, 2013Kusog MindanaoConference

MILESTONES

& EVENTS

December 6, 2013Affirmation by Office ofSouthern Cultural Communities(OSCC) of 5 IPMRs in Wao, Lanaodel Sur

98

December 10-12, 2013Seminar on IPMandatoryRepresentativesfor Wao

Some companies sll connue toset-up plantaons even without therequired Free Prior Informed Consent(FPIC) of the IPs.

At the MBRLC exposure trip, the IPslearned that SALT is a land proteconand conservaon technology. SALT is asustainable agriculture technology. InSALT technology, a half hectare of land

can already ensure adequate food fora family for the whole year.The MBRLC exposure trip provided

the IPs a rsthand account on theproper way of doing things in thefarm, parcularly on sloping terrainwhere most IPs in Mindanao live.

They realized that the vercalmanner they plow their hillside farmsis actually the wrong way of doing it,as it contributes to the fast erosion offerle topsoil.

The trip also gave chance for the IPsto understand that they need to beas hardworking as ever even in thismodern mes.

The culture of planng lile andforage for what is needed on the day itis needed no longer works in presentsituaon. Such culture worked onlyin the olden days when nature wassll so abundant and people were sofew. People then need not plant norraise animals as they simply hunt andgather food in the forest anyme.

In present me, the IPs were told,people need to work hard and cannotremain complacent, even in the mereraising of earthworms.

eort to teach sustainable agricultureto IPs in the Autonomous Region inMuslim Mindanao and allow them toredeem their resources.

And what best place to learn all thesethan at the Mindanao Bapst RuralLife Center (MBRLC) in Kinuskusan,Bansalan town, Davao del Sur.

MBRLC, which started from an

idle grassland in the early 70s hasnow become a symbol of success insustainable agriculture.

MBRLC has been successful inredeeming a sloping 19 hectares ofland that has been logged over andrendered almost barren aer thosewho cut and took the mber le.

The center employed SALT in fourstages, and has ensured diversiedagro-forestry pracces that ensurespeople food and money withoutharming the environment.

IPDEV facilitated three batches ofexposure acvies for the IPs, the rstof which went to MBRLC in December6-7, 2013. The other two batcheswere scheduled for January 15-17,2014, and February 3-5, 2014.

The exposure acvies hope toprovide adequate knowledge amongIPs in the ARMM in their journeytowards recognion, empowermentand sustainable development.

IPs in the ARMM have long beenmarginalized. Their ancestral landslogged over by companies that wereallowed to cut mber by some ocialsin government.

TAKING lessons on African nightcrawlers.

Sounds creepy, but, this is justwhat some 146 indigenous folks fromthe Teduray, Lambangian, DulanganManobo and Higaonon tribes did andwould be doing.

Are they already resorng to sorceryand witchcra?

Denitely none of those, my friend.African Night Crawlers are actually

high-yielding earthworms that IPswere learning to raise as part of theirskills training on organic farming andsloping agricultural land technology(SALT).

It is in keeping with a connuing


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2013 when the ARMM Governor Hon. Mujiv Hataman andthe NCIP Chair Hon. Ay. Leonor Oralde-Quintayo underthe administraon of President Benigno Simeon C. AquinoIII seled for the signing of a Memorandum of Agreement(MOA) between the ARMM Governor and the NCIP Chairfor the implementaon of the provisions of IPRA especiallythose that are related to the ancestral domain delineaonas part of a condence building for aected IPs in the GPH-

MILF peace negoaons.In support to the proposed MOA signing, the Tribal

Peoples through the leadership of the Local GovernmentUnit of Upi, Maguindanao convened a Tribal Congress onOctober 25, 2013 at the Upi Municipal Gymnasium, Nuro,Upi, Maguindanao resulng to a unanimous decisionto pursue the ancestral domain delineaon in ARMM.However, days, weeks and months had passed from theme the tribal congress was conducted, but no signing everhappened between the two (2) oces. Then on December8, 2013 news on the signing of the annex on Power Sharingthat took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia reached farand wide including IP selement in remote places in theARMM. Upon knowing the content, we were surprised thatall provisions for the IP agenda in the peace process weredevolved enrely by the GPH to the exclusive power ofthe Bangsamoro without consideraon to our posionssubmied to the GPH and MILF since 2005, and to thepresent through the Transion Commission. This wasshocking news to the poor and marginalized indigenouspeoples! The queson is, what happened to the Free andPrior Informed Consent (FPIC) provisions of IPRA and theUNDRIP? Is it the dispensable provisions of that law anddeclaraon?

For these reasons, the Baglalan (tribal tle holders)decided on December 9, 2013 to convene the LimudBaglalan Tmanding Kuwagib b Fusaka Ingd (Tribal

Dead for16 years, should

it be buried?SAGFAD (Invocaon)OUR utmost respect to mother Earth, also to the high spiritsand souls of our departed leaders, dont pay aenon toour weaknesses as mortals but instead assist us to convey

our message through the Holy Messengers to the AlmightyGod to listen to our prayers. We ask for everlasng life, farfrom any misfortunes, with healthy body and life withinthe Inged, and we call upon the spirit of righteousness,that our human rights be respected within our domains,and those who commied injusces against us be triedaccording to the rule of law and due process, and on whatis just according to the law of Tulus, we pray that all weasked be granted to us. Thank you Tulus, and thank you to

the Tribal Peoples who beg for a lasng peace within theInged.

Introducon

IN the last sixteen (16) years, Indigenous Peoples in theARMM struggled hard for the implementaon of the landmark Philippine legislaon for the protecon of IPs, the RA8371 or Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA). The IPs workfor the devoluon of powers of the Naonal Commissionon Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) to the Autonomous Regionin Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Government throughan Execuve Order (EO) by the President (from formerpresidents Estrada to Arroyo) but failed unl September

January 9-10, 2014Regional RoundtableDiscussion onIdentity

Dec. 6-7, 2013Exposure Trip (1st batch) ofIP Trainees on Sloping Agricultural Land(SALT) Technology, Mindanao Baptist RuralLife Center, Bansalan, Davao del Sur

1110

December 15-16, 2013IP Summit, St JosephConvention Center,

Tamontaka, Maguindanao

January 7-8, 2014Consolidation of theEmpowerment and SustainableDevelopment (ESDEV) ReportCard in Koronadal City

January 10, 2014NCIP Resolution onimplementing IPRA inthe ARMM passed


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January 21, 2014Convergence Meeting,South Upi,Maguindanao

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January 27, 2014National RoundtableDiscussionon IP Issues in theBangsamoro

January 14, 2014Mga Katutubo (Wao) officiallyincluded in Local PovertyReduction Action Team (LPRAT)

Leaders Conference to Re-examine IP Rights on AncestralDomains). The Baglalan conference was designed to revisitthe customary approach in looking into very complicatedissue/s where many interests are to be considered beforegoing into a mfador conclusion/declaraon.

Now that the Limud Baglalan has done, we came up tothe following

Declaraons:

I. On Identy: TRIBAL PEOPLES (TPs)Aer thorough deliberaon in the workshops and plenaryof the Limud Baglalan, it was nally decided to adopt theTribal Peoples (TPs) as a collecve identy of non-Moropeoples in the core area of the propose Bangsamoro newpolical enty. The decision is based on its inclusivityand that the same identy is used by the InternaonalLabor Organizaon (ILO) thru a Convenon tagged as ILOConvenon No. 169 in 1989, tled Convenon ConcerningIndigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries;by the Congress in RA 9054 to disnguish the Moro andnon-Moro in ARMM and by the RLA in MMA Act N0. 241 orTribal Peoples Rights Act in the ARMM. There was also noreacon among leaders in aendance to the use of TribalPeoples as our collecve identy, hence adopted based onself-ascripon and ascripon by others.

Now, the provision on FAB which states that Freedomof choice of other indigenous peoples shall be respected

is ocially acknowledged by the non-Moro IPs in the corearea of the Bangsamoro by adopng the Tribal Peoples asa collecve identy.

The Tribal Peoples in the propose Bangsamoro newpolical enty include but not limited to the Teduray,Lambangian, Dulangan Manobo in Maguindanao; theHigaonon and other aggregate non-Moro peoples inLanao del Sur and others in the island provinces of ARMMif they choose to be idened as Tribal Peoples thru self-

ascripon.II. Full Support to the formulaon of the BBL through the

Transion CommissionThe Tribal Peoples Legislave agenda in the BBL are the

following:With reference to the provisions of the UNDRIP,1. On Power Sharing- We, the Tribal Peoples in the propose Bangsamoro new

polical enty, in exercising our right to self-determinaon,have the right to autonomy or self-government in maersrelang to our internal and local aairs, as well as ways

and means for nancing our autonomous funcons;- This way, we can maintain and strengthen the full

operaons of our disnct polical, legal, economic,social and cultural instuons, while retaining our rightto parcipate fully, in the polical, economic, social andcultural life of the Bangsamoro government;

- That the Tribal Peoples rights shall not be devolvedenrely to the exclusive power of the Bangsamoro. This isnot however to say that we do not trust the Bangsamoro.

2. On Wealth Sharing- Since CADT is no longer possible under the Autonomous

Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) as promised to us bythe government to be delineated to be part of our vestedrights, we, the Tribal Peoples invoke our rights over theIngd or Nave Title, a territory we inherited from ourancestors in claiming share in the exploraon, developmentand ulizaon of natural resources based on customarylaw and share in the revenue collecon of the Bangsamorogovernment from real estate, business establishment andother tax collecon within the Tribal Peoples nave tle in

the propose Bangsamoro new polical enty3. Other Legislave agenda of the Tribal Peoples shall

be included in provisions of other annexes relevant to theissues and concerns of the Tribal Peoples.

III. On GPH and the Central Government:- Who is accountable/liable in the sixteen (16) years

(October 1997-October 2013) non-implementaon of IPRAin the ARMM? This is clearly a violaon of our collecvehuman rights where we are denied to enjoy the four (4)

January 29-30, 2014Forum on IP Organizationswith DILGARMM,South Upi

January 30, 2014Wao IP Organizationformally registered withSEC in Cagayan de Oro City

January 31, 2014Documentation ofMonom (IP traditionalweaving) bySunStar Davao

bundles of rights under the RA 8371 or Indigenous PeoplesRights Act (IPRA).

Moreover, with the signing of the GPH on the annex onPower Sharing, the government surrendered our rightsand devolved to the exclusive power of the Bangsamorowithout our consent based on the FPIC provision of IPRAand UNDRIP. This is an indicaon that IPRA is already aDEAD ANIMAL in the ARMM. This was made possible by

no less than the Philippine government, and in due methe Baglalan will come together with the spiritual leadersto look for a sacred place within our domain where to burythe IPRA together with the dra MOA between the ARMMand the NCIP.

- IPRA cannot defend Tribal Peoples rights. Proofs of thisare the experiences of TPs in the ARMM. In this premise,we warned TPs and IPs outside the ARMM and throughoutthe country to be vigilant. We dont want you to experiencewhat had happened to us in the past 16 years.

We, the TPs in the ARMM loved IPRA; we did not surrenderour rights under IPRA unl its last breath. Now, we will buryIPRA in a sacred place within our domain so that we andour children cannot accidentally step upon and violate thelaw. But we assured other TPs and IPs that we bring withus the spirit of IPRA in the next bale; re: the formulaonof laws for the Tribal Peoples in the Bangsamoro Basic Law(BBL) to give the four bundles of rights in IPRA a new life.

For this, we ask for your full support. We want a just BBL,a just Bangsamoro Government and a just Bangsamorosociety and that no group will be oppressed, discriminatedand their rights be trampled upon, in order to have agenuine and lasng peace in Mindanao.

- Finally, we will emphasize once again that we do notoppose the FAB-BBL. We only wanted that jusce be servedto where it is supposed to be served, to the Bangsamoro,the Tribal Peoples and the seler communies alike.


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14 15

Whatdoyouhave tosay?

The emoons in these discussions are not menoned. We arenot really outside the box. We come in dierent boxes. In less

than 60 years, the prole of Mindanao was overturned. Whereare the Lumads in all these discussions? In fact the word IP isvery new, and it is even in English.

There is sll no admission from government that it is thecreator of all these problems. Who created these conicngland laws? The land law that accorded vast tracts to Chrisansand Corporaons?

How would we now enlighten government that we are justinheritors of oppressive laws and policies that were draedbefore? The Senate is unaware of this; Congress is unaware

I am Teduray and I co-authored IPRA. It pains me to see thatIPRA is not implemented in my own place. -- Dr. Ronald Adamat

We cannot be prevented from talking. We even need to shoutbecause we are invisible! The government was not capablein upholding our rights; the government did not see that weare living on our ancestral land. May they not call us spoilersbecause this is our life. Please know our apprehension while thetalks are ongoing. Many things are happening on the groundlevel: Suppression. Coercion.

--Titay Bleyen Santos Unsad

In a day-long IPDEV Roundtable Discussion on the topicIPs in the Bangsamoro: Current Issues and Concerns, thenon-implementaon of Indigenous Peoples Rights Act wasseen as the overarching problem of the IPs in the ARMM.The Ancestral Domain is said to be the mother of all IPstruggles in the ARMM.

Some of the more than 20 parcipants who aended theJanuary 27 discussions at the St. Giles Hotel in Maka Cityhave these views and senments to share:

We need to hear these things the non-implementaonof IPRA. Had it been implemented, many of the other issuescould have been readily addressed. ARMM and the NCIP wasin the verge of signing a Memorandum of Agreement lastyear but this did not happen. Lobbying is now with congress.Its a lot of work but were on our way. As a measure, NCIPissued a resoluon to proceed so that it can sll pursue withthe implementaon. NCIP have exclusive authority over theissuance of the CADT.

Ay. Leonor Quintayo,NCIP Chair

We have read the NCIP Resoluon. Please know that wehave a problem on the ground that I will not yet disclose in this

forum. We are ghng for our ancestral domain. We indigenouspeoples cannot be separated from our land. It is our pharmacy,our supermarket, our school.

Dont let the Bangsamoro Law separate us from our rights.Where will we exercise our tribal governance if the territory isno longer ours? This is our legacy to the next generaon as thiswas our forefathers legacy to us.

That includes all of you who are now in this forum. The fourbundles of rights are important to us. We call it lantum or thegolden opportunity to be of help to the tribal peoples.

We ask for your forgiveness for having declared the IPRA deadlast December. But now it is sll in its wake. If we sll cannot seeour rights in the Bangsamoro Basic Law, we will proceed withburying it.

Timuay Jovito Marn, Teduray Tribal Leader

We dont want to commit the same blunder as what wasdone to us in RA 9054. We cannot blame our elders forhaving done only so much because they did not have enoughopportunity to be invited in forums like this. We cannot alsonot engage because we are inside the core territory. Wed liketo send a clear message that this asseron we are making ishelping cra the basic law. It is not opposion but support. Ifwe are here to correct historical injusces, then this is it.

Timuay Alim Bandara, Head Claimant, TLADMADC

Where is heart in all these discussions? I have worked in theDaguma Range. The issue is so urgent. If this is not faced, theIPs will face exncon. If you take away the land, youre notTeduray anymore. Cultural Heritage is Naonal Heritage. Nogovernment can aord to lose that heritage.

The situaon of the IPs is not just piful; they areendangered. Can we really aord to lose the Teduray? Canwe really aord to lose the Higaonon? Please keep on wringand channg your history. The heritage must go on. Withoutyour resources, youre nothing. In fact sciensts dont wantdevelopment workers to call it natural resources. Fish, land,mountains are life resources. What if we lose a people?

Victor Penaranda,Writer/Researcher

The goal is to come up with a mutually acceptableformulaon in the Bangsamoro Basic Law. We are in a policalprocess and at the end of the day, it is sll a queson of controlover land and resources. We can look at it as a purely legalbale; but it is actually both legal and polical. The dialogueshould connue. IPDEV is providing the forum. There is greatopenness on both sides for a mutually acceptable formulaon.

Ay Benedicto Bacani, IAG Founding Director

Let it be known that we are for the Bangsamoro PolicalEnty, we are for lasng peace. Let it be known also thatIndigenous Peoples does not refer to religious aliaon. Imove that this mul-sectoral group support the NCIP in itsdelineaon acvies.

Ay Gregorio Andolana

We are not mere incidents in this issue. We are not spoilers.We know why there are not many people who are supporngour cause. They see that we are not the ones talking with thegovernment in the GRP-MILF peace process. What they shouldknow is that it is our rights that are being trampled upon whilethey talk with each other. We are just here to defend our rightswithout resorng to armed rebellion.

Datu Al Saliling

Is government ready, can it already appreciate the issue? Weagree that there is a need to support the IPs who are inside

the Bangsamoro. At the same me we have to be aware of themundane realies that are actually happening that we need tomonitor. People on the ground have their own misinterpretaonof the signed agreements. People are packing up because ofoccupancy.

Lyndee Prieto, Internaonal Iniaves for Dialogue

of this. How many are there among you, among us whocan enlighten them on this? Lets say these problems werecreated in a century. Will we then need another century to x

this? Theres a lot of knowledge and informaon that are notwrien. And if they are, it is wrien in English.

History cannot be told without emoons. How can we tell thestory to our children when it is even said in a foreign language?How can we fully tell them how their ancestors suered? Howtheir parents were deprived of their rights? Let those who ownhistory relate their story. How about wring the BangsamoroBasic Law in an Indigenous language, not just English? Thisway identy will not only grow it will ourish.

Prof Rudy Rodil, Mindanao historian


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to ceremoniously bury the IndigenousPeoples Rights Act (IPRA) in designatedsacred places.

IPRA, which never sawimplementaon in the region thepast 16 years, was considered by theIPs a dead animal, failing to serveits purpose in protecng the rights ofclose to a million of them.

IPs also lamented that with therecent signing of the GPH on the annexon power sharing, the governmentitself surrendered their rights anddevolved it to the exclusive power ofthe upcoming Bangsamoro (a region

seen to replace the ARMM) withoutour consent based on the FPICprovision of IPRA and United NaonsDeclaraon on the Rights of the IPs.

Timuay Sannie Bello said the recentNCIP en banc resoluon signals theimplementaon of IPRA in ARMM,aer many years of clamoring for it byIPs.

The en banc resoluon hasprompted NCIP line units to embark

on the process required like socialpreparaon and mobilizaon,establishment of project controland perimeter survey, survey dataprocessing, preparaon of reportsand map validaon, registraon andawarding of CADTs, among others.

The process requires funding ofsome Php2,272,914. The enreprocess is expected to be completedby July, 2014.

IPDEV, along with Southern ChrisanCollege, Lumad Development CenterInc. and the Mindanao PeoplesPeace Movement, has signed a

memorandum of Agreement with theNCIP as assistors in its acvies.

IPDEV project manager AveenAcuna-Gulo said the projectimplemented by the consorumKonrad Adenauer Sung, Instutefor Autonomy and Governance andDevelopment Consultants Inc.

Many of the requirements have

been prepared by the IPs and theirleaders since the project to empowerthe IPs (IPDEV) started in 2012.

To set in moon the en bancresoluon, NCIP Region 12 ocewill form a Provincial DelineaonTeam that will iniate the requiredcourtesy visits to concerned agenciesand local government ocials anddaily reporng to the Oce of thePresidenal Adviser on the PeaceProcess.

NCIP and its assistors is set to go ona series of informaon and educaoncampaign (IEC), the rst one for the

Teduray Tribe in Nuro, Upi, then forthe Lambangian Tribe in Timanan,South Upi and in Tubak, Ampatuan,for the Dulangan Manobo.

The IPs ancestral territory inmainland ARMM spreads a totalperimeter area of 215,941 hectares(plus 93,779 hectares of coastalwaters).

At looonglast, hope

springs!

MAGUINDANAO

ARMM

The indigenous peoples

have the right to self-

determinaon. By virtue

of that right they freelydetermine their polical

status and freely pursue

their economic, social and

cultural development.(Arcle 3, UNDRIP)

(Diagram by Prof. Rudy Rodil.)

16 17

HOPE springs eternal.This is just how it is to the indigenous

peoples in the Autonomous Regionin Muslim Mindanao, waing sinceme immemorial to be recognizedand protected of their rights to theirancestral lands.

On January 10, 2014, the Naonal

Commission in Indigenous Peoples(NCIP) passed en banc resoluon06-001-2014, seeking TO ADDRESSTHE CONDITION OF THE TEDURAY,LAMBANGIAN AND DULANGANMANOBO FOR THE RECOGNITIONAND PROTECTION OF THEIR RIGHTSTO ANCESTRAL DOMAINS.

The resoluon came just as theARMM IPs and their leaders were set


10/17

18

The IPs, though, stood their groundand refused to leave, thinking theywill have nothing to come back toonce they leave. They dug foxholesalongside their houses where childrenand women could jumped into eachme they sense danger.

IP leaders thought of pushing withthe ritual, albeit in another locaon.This me with stronger movaon todrive away the bad spirits that haveseled in their land. Thus, the ritualat PC Hill in Cotabato City, performedsouthwards to Hill 224.

Weeks later, a government military

oensive ushed out the armed groupthat turned Mt Firis into their camp. It

IPDEV stumbled upon a largecommunity of Teduray folks alongthe sacred Mt Firis Complex inMaguindanao in August, 2012, just aswhen the project was already taking-o .

The Indigenous People in the place,referred to as Hill 224, were actuallyconfused as to what municipality dothey belong to - Datu Unsay town orGuindolongan?

A ritual was set to be performed inthe place to drive away bad elementsand spirits. But, just as when the IPscould perform the ritual, an armed

group came with guns blazing andturned the place into their camp.

19

was then that the place rst saw theface of the government.

About a year aer, the courageousbut non-confrontaonal nature of theIPs in Mt. Firis proved rewarding oncemore.

In these photographs of IPDEVsThata Marn, the Teduray People cannow ll their land, plant and harvesttheir crops while children play in theopen. The bed-side foxholes they dugand jumped into whenever they sensedanger remain.

Worry seems absent from the facesof most residents who now enjoy arelavely peaceful life right withintheir sacred ancestral domain.

Hill 224:A year after

++ +

+


11/17

Plusses & minusesfrom the IP table inKusog Mindanaw

20 21

INDIGENOUS peoples in theAutonomous Region in MuslimMindanao are now more empoweredand seen in a beer perspecve thanbefore. This was among observaonsmade during a forum of KusogMindanao in December, 2013.

To elicit an overview of the situaonof the non-Islamized indigenouspeoples in the ARMM, Kusog

Kusog Mindanaw 2013. The othertables are on MNLF and MILF relaons;peace process; disarmament,demobilizaon and re-integraon(DDR), normalizaon, securityand policing; local governmentunits (LGUs) in the Bangsamoro;and sectoral parcipaon in theBangsamoro. These themac issuesare now the connuing agenda ofKusog Mindanaw.

From the table on the indigenous

peoples in the Bangsamoro, thefollowing were noted as posivedevelopment:

The observaon that thereis now an increased degree ofacknowledgment and awareness ofthe existence of IPs in the Bangsamoro;

The collaborave eorts ofNCIP and the local government unitsof ARMM in recognizing the rights of

IPs in the Bangsamoro; The representaon of

indigenous peoples in the peacepanel, the Regional LegislaveAssembly (RLA) of the ARMM,Transion Commission, and LGUs,from the provincial to municipal downto the barangay level;

Both the NCIP and ARMMacknowledge the need to recognizeindigenous peoples rights in theregion; and

The indigenous peoples areperceived as non-violent and non-confrontaonal, although to theextent that they prefer to be quiet inthe proceeding.

The following were noted asnegave:

The resounding observaonon the exploitaon of indigenouspeoples and their natural resources

The non-recognion of theancestral domains by the Bangsamorois deemed a minus factor in theprogress of the peace process;

The word indigenous isperceived as negave and divisive.Delineaon using terminologiesand the compartmentalizaon ofidenes is a colonial construct todivide peoples. The more sublimeterm Bangsamoro is more unifying;and

There is no representaon yetof indigenous peoples in the currentRLA.

The following were therecommendaons:

Sincere and honestempowerment of indigenous peopleswithin the ARMM, and later in theBangsamoro and the larger society atlarge;

Operaonalizaon of thesubstance of IPRA Law;

The operaonalizaon ofthe Bangsamoro as a unifying andcommon identy regardless of tribe,race and religion inside the territory;

Instuonalizaon ofindigenous peoples representaon inthe Bangsamoro;

Representaon of indigenouspeoples in the LGUs should be

maintained; The Bangsamoro region

should maintain and uphold tri-peopleidenty for more inclusivity;

Maintain tri-people identyfor more inclusivity; and

Inclusion of indigenouspeoples terminologies includingthose coined from IPRA in thenegoang tables.

+

+

+ + -

-- - -

+ -

Mindanaw provided a table for the IPsin that conference in Davao City.A mul-sector plaorm created

in 1994, Kusog Mindanaw hostsdiscourse on issues and concerns onMindanao online at [email protected] and via conferenceswith the goal of increasing the voice ofMindanao in naonal policymaking.

The IP table is one of six tables of

-+


12/17

F Y

22

Sawit:

I

THE indigenous Teduray and DulanganManobo as well as the Maguindanaoand several other tribes actually sharehistory of being one and the samepeople.

These peoples traced theirroots from brothers Mamalu andTabunaway who pracced one andthe same tradion of self-rule, cultureand economic acvies, whose tleholders are called Baglalan under a

Timuay system of governance.Timuay (from the root word mumeaning to collect or unite) is a tribaltle as well as a recognized system oftribal based self-rule.

It is characterized by a collecve formof leadership and free parcipaon toassemblies and forums called for bythe Baglalan.

Historically, every tribal group

his tradional way of life and systemof self rule. With this major turn intheir lives, the brothers made a pactor treaty.

The treaty covered the followingcondions: Recognion and respect oftheir territory, system of governanceand religious beliefs of each group; Theconnuing and non-limit circulaon ofthe means of livelihood and sawitsystem or gis among communies;unity against common enemy; anda lifeme treatment as brothers andsisters.

The treaty was publicly sworn to by

both pares thru a ritual and mutuallyagreed upon that the treaty must beobserved by the leaders, including thecoming generaons.

Brothers Mamalu and Tabunawaythen went their separate ways withtheir respecve followers.

From the elder brother Mamalu,came the Teduray and DulanganManobo and from the younger brotherTabunaway came the Maguindanaon.

During a Focused Group Discussionon Sawit or Indigenous Concept ofWealth sharing, it was establishedthat Sawit was an age-old praccethat was connued by the siblingsMamalo and Tabunaway even when

Tabunaway agreed to be converted toIslam.Mamalo being the older brother

saw to it that his younger brotherwas able to partake something fromtheir harvest, especially rice which isconsidered sacred.

In return, Mamalo let his olderbrother bring some dried sh whenhe went home.

FOR most of the indigenous

peoples who underwent training onsustainable agriculture, it was not allhow-to-learning but a self-realizaonon what it takes to ensure success asthey plan to put up their own farm lots

One Teduray farmer said one mayhave the skills needed to maintaina farm, but, if you do not have thedeterminaon and commitment to

Victory UntoVeggie Yard!

pursue your plan, you are bound to

fail.Understanding the lecture is easy.

It is the person who has an atudinalproblem.

He went on to say, What sir Roy(Alimoane) and sir Mario (Catubay)told us about our culture and beingsluggish is very true and we have totake it as a challenge and not an insult .

who embraced the Timuay systemof governance has its own territory,center of governance, laws, defenseand programs to follow.

Mamalu and Tabunaway then werethe known tribal chieains in the areawith the center of governance basedat Mt. Tawan-tawan now referred toas PC (Pedro Colina) Hill in CotabatoCity, unl the coming of a foreignmissionary.

In the period 1450 to 1 474AD, whenSharif Mohammad Kabungsuan cameand introduced the Islamic faith andthe Sultanate system of governance,brothers Mamalu and Tabunawayparted ways and pursued their ownways of life.

Tabunaway embraced Islam andthe Sultanate system of governancewhile Mamalu remained faithful to

23

A tradition thatgoes beyond sharing

The


13/17

where it is located. It is far frompopulated areas and usually locateddeep in the forest. It is where theyevacuate and seek refuge for weeks ormonths when there is turmoil.

The Bndoy, Gnal Bakhon andTaligba Fnlebo follow sustainableagriculture principles.

Taking note of the pracce of manyIPs in using chemical inputs in theirfarms, a lady farmer said, We haveseen how SALT works in reality, letsbe the model in our community byavoiding the use of chemicals.

Concurring to that call, anotherfarmer said, Our lands are inferlealready. We should plant permanentcrops, for our family security and away to strengthen CADT (cercate ofancestral domain tle) applicaon.

Another training parcipant said

I will share the knowledge to thecommunity and make my farm amodel.

The parcipants performed a ritualas they went home with their plansand SALT materials like African NightCrawlers (earthworms), planngmaterials (fruit tree seedlings,vegetable seeds, etc) to jumpstarttheir plans.

One farmer asked, Can IPDEVsponsor a three-month training for theout of school youth IPs and paratechat MBRLC?

IPDEVs Miri Ficher suggested acontest for the best model farm inwhich the winner shall be awarded aprize.

A young Teduray farmer gave a quickcomment, Ive learned a lot. See it inmy farm later!

On my part, I promise to pracce whatIve learned and share the knowledgeto others.

Cing the usual ridicule they getfrom non-IPs who would oensay that vast lands with only threecoconuts planted belong to Tedurays,one farmer said this must be seenas a challenge and movate us toculvate our lands and make it fullyproducve.

A young eager farmer said Letus do what has been taught to us.When I get home I will start doing itimmediately. You know IP lands in Upiare so wide. We cant even cover it alldue to vastness. We just lack will andhardwork.

Another farmer had this to say,What we need is transformaon ofatude. Let us develop our areas and

gradually convert to organic farming.And we should pracce harmony aswe are tri-people set up, whats theuse of our SALT (sloping agriculturalland technology) if theres no peace. .

Tradionally, the Teduray andLambangian tribes have the Bndoy,Gnal Bakhon and Taligba Fnlebowhich are their source of food,subsistence, livelihood and evenmedicine.

Bendoy is actually a garden wherethey plant vegetables and herbs whileGenal Bakhon is small farm of about aquarter of a hectare to one.

It is planted to common crops likecorn, upland rice, sugarcane, banana,and cassava.

They also have Taligba Fnlebo, asystem of secret farming. Only theowner and his close family know

A SALT MODEL

2524


14/17

26

Breakthroughs in 7th PSB

27

FOUR major breakthroughs wereidened by IPDEV in the course ofproject implementaon in the lastthree months.

As reported to the 7th ProjectSounding Board (PSB) Meengon November 13, 2013, thesebreakthroughs are:

- Adopon and Ritual of the TedurayAncestral Domain Sustainability andProtecon Plan (ADSDPP)

- Selecon of IP MandatoryRepresentaves for Wao, Lanao delSur (1 Municipal and 4 bgy) withadopted local guidelines.

- Accessibility of data on IPs in theARMM (www.iag.org.ph)

- 3 hectares of land donated by

(Indigenous Conict Selement)has already been reproduced and isalready being distributed. Copies ofthe video documentary, brochureand Kendeg were also distributed inBerlin, Germany during the awardingceremonies for Leadership in Changewhere IPDEV Cultural InformaonSpecialist Prof ReyDan Lacson is theonly Asian Awardee (DevelopmentDiplomacy).

Paksul 2 (Reclaiming Identy), avideo documentary on the lives ofthe people on Hill 224 has just beennalized; and is ready for reproducon.

During the same period, IPDEVcontributed inputs to the SecuritySummit (Forum on Prospects for Post-Conict Philippines); several fora onWealth Sharing, Power Sharing andTransional Jusce for proposedinclusions into the BangsamoroBasic Law; and to the Making JusceWork for the Marginalized (MJWM) aSupreme Court-UNDP Assisted Projectfor a scoping mission on pending legal

outgoing barangay chairman toKatutubo IP Organizaon in Milaya,Wao, Lanao del Sur.

A Focused Group Discussion (FGD)on Sawit or Indigenous Concept ofWealth sharing was also conducted.(The said FGD established that Sawitwas an age-old pracce that wasconnued by the siblings Mamalo andTabunaway even when Tabunawaydecided to convert to Islam.

In the quarter being reported,selected Lumads completedtraining on Advocacy and CampaignManagement; Korean Method of Hog-Raising; and Bamboo Cra.

IPDEV quarterly publicaonKendeg was also able to acquire itsown Internaonal Standard SerialNumber, ISSN 2345-8461; the weeklyradio program Balitang Lumad onDXMY every Saturday 10-11am isnow on its fourth month; a brochureon IP Facts and Figures has beenprinted and already circulated; thevideo documentary on Tiyawan

cases led by the Indigenous Peoplesfor environmental degradaon andintrusion into ancestral domains.

Connued advocacy will beconducted towards the forging ofa working agreement between theARMM Government and the NaonalCommission on Indigenous Peoples(NCIP) for the implementaon of IPRAwhich remains to be unimplementedsince it was passed in 1997. Bothagencies are mandated to implementthe IPRA law.

The Project Sounding Board (PSB)is an IPDEV feedbacking mechanismfor various duty holders towards therecognion and protecon of theIndigenous Peoples in the ARMM,namely Tedurays, Lambangian,Dulangan Manobo and Higaonon.

IPDEV is an independent projectthat covers 76 barangays in 11municipalies of Maguindanao and 4barangays in Wao, Lanao del Sur wheresizable populaons of IndigenousPeoples live.

WAO in Lanao Del Sur is a mountain In January 30 2014 Mga

i f lIP mandatory representaon


15/17

2928

WAO in Lanao Del Sur is a mountainmunicipality along the provincialboundary with Bukidnon, where it ismainly accessed.

Since 1950s when the rst migrantindigenous peoples arrived in Wao,the municipal government waspraccally unaware of their existencein the town, which is the only seler-dominated municipality in Lanao delSur.

The entry of the IPDEV projectamong the Higaonon, Manobo, andmany more tribes in four barangays ofthe town in early 2012, began to alter

the lives of most IPs in the town.IPDEV organized, introduced

IP rights and conducted series ofempowering trainings to the IPs inWao who have since banded togetheras Mga Katutubo.

In January 30, 2014, MgaKatutubo ocially registeredwith the Securies and ExchangeCommission (SEC) as the IndigenousPeoples for Development in Wao,Inc.

The SEC registraon gave alegal personality and cementedthe existence of IPs in the eyes oflocal government units of Wao,espousing stronger and wider unityamong the aggregate tribes of IPs inthe municipality.

In fact, even before the SECregistraon, Mga Katutubo has

already been invited by the Waomunicipal government to be amongthe members of the towns LocalPoverty Reducon Acon Teamin January 14, 2014. This was aresult of earlier ground and toplevel linkages with the municipalgovernment.

In November 11, 2013, thebarangay council of Milaya in Wao,realizing the sad plight of many IPsin Wao, passed Barangay ResoluonNo. 31, series of 2013, authorizingthe Barangay Chairman to donatethree hectares of public land to MgaKatutubo. That same day, barangayMilaya Chairman Tirso Fancuvillaissued a deed of donaon that wasimmediately notarized.

In December 6, 2013, theOce of the Southern CulturalCommunies, through its provincialocer Engr. Alberto Acosta, issuedthe Cercates of Armaon tove IP mandatory representaves(IPMR) one at the municipal leveland four at barangay level.

...IP mandatory representaon realizes in Wao,

what the IPRA Law, Muslim Mindanao Act. No. 241,and late DILG Secretary Jesse Robredo envisioned.

Being feltin Wao

IP mandatory representaonrealizes in Wao, what the IPRA Law,Muslim Mindanao Act. No. 241, andlate DILG Secretary Jesse Robredoenvisioned.

With IPMRs, the dreams of IPs forscholarships, housing, and livelihoodwill just be within reach.

A i fIT would be like living under one


16/17

A question ofidentity in theBangsamoro

IT would be like living under oneroof, having your own bedroom andsharing a common kitchen, living anddining room.

Such was how town mayorZamzamin Ampatuan of Rajah Buayan,Maguindanao, viewed the IPs, Moroand other tribes co-exisng in aBangsamoro polical enty during anIPDEV-iniated roundtable discussionon the queson of identy in theBangsamoro.

The acvity on January 9-10, 2014,in General Santos City, centered onfour points: Relaonship of idenes

under the Basic Law, meaning andoperaonalizaon of exclusivepower of the Bangsamoro over the

Ancestral Domain, meaning andoperaonalizaon of IP freeedomof choice and vested rights, andthe status of the IP Ancestral Domainclaim (IPRA) in the AutonomousRegion in Muslim Mindanao.

Ampatuan who claimed to feel thesenments of the IPS having co-existedwith them, bared his observaonsabout their having doubts onsome provisions of the FrameworkAgreement on the Bangsamoro andits implicaons on IP rights and wayof life.

Among IP constuents in hismunicipality, Ampatuan said thepreservaon and protecon of theirculture, tradion and (customary)pracces come rst over anythingelse.

He believes that if feeling andconcerns they have discussed in the

roundtable could be given moreaenon by those negoang peace,there will be a more meaningful andfruiul peace agreement.

Teduray-Lambangian leader TimuayAlim Bandara said they just wouldwant to be claried on every provisionof the agreement that will aect theIP rights.

Bandara said the roundtablediscussion will help very much invenlang issues about IP rights inthe proposed Bangsamoro and avoidthat any IP right be trampled uponespecially that a wide swath of IPancestral land is being included in theproposed Bangsamoro territory.

Commissioner Santos Unsad of theNaonal Commission on IndigenousPeoples clearly stated what identy isamong the IPs:

1.Our identy is our way of life

where our customary laws, governanceand language are aached. It is ourinherent and birth right. Our rights asIndigenous/Tribal Peoples is humanrights, hence, suppression of ourcollecve rights is a violaon of ourhuman rights and our rights to self-determinaon.

2. Our identy is our moral, valueand dignity, if it will be taken out, wewill become useless, just like the lowerclass of creaons in the universe, theanimals.

3. Our identy is the idencaon ofourselves and territory. It is thereforeconnected to our Ancestral Domain.

4. Taking out our identy against ourwill is a highest form of ethnocide/genocide. It is a new wave of systemof colonizaon.

5. This is not a social invenon/creaon, but created by God.

30 31


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DevelopmentConsultants Inc.

The European Union (EU) numbers 28 dierent naons determined to shape their future closely together. Over a period of enlargement of more than 50 years, they have, together,

built a zone of peace, stability, progress and solidarity. The EU is a model for overcoming conict and promong reconciliaon through close co-operaon to achieve common goals,while respecng naonal sovereignty and territorial integrity. But the EU is not focused on itself. Its ambion i s to share its achievements and values with countries beyond its borders.

Coordinaon OceKonrad-Adenauer-Sung5/F Cambridge Bldg.,108 Tordesillas cor. Gallardo Sts.,Maka City, PhilippinesTel: (02) 403-6773Mob: 0915-139-1449Email [email protected]

Implemenng OceInstute for Autonomy and Governance2/F UMEX BuildingNotre Dame UniversityNotre Dame AvenueCotabato City, PhilippinesTelefax. (064) 421-2071Mob: 0999-991-3221Email [email protected]

Delegaon of the European Unionto the Philippines30/F Tower II, RCBC Plaza,6819 Ayala Ave. cor. Gil PuyatMaka City, 1200, PhilippinesPhone: +63 2 859-5100Fax: +63 2 859-5109Website: hp://eeas.europa.eu/delegaons/

philippinesFacebook: hp://www.facebook.com/#!/EUDelegaonToThePhilippinesTwier: hp://twier.com/#!/EUinthePH

DISCLAIMER: This publicaon has been produced with the assistance of the

European Union. The contents of this publicaon are the sole responsibility of

IPDEV and can in no way be taken to reect the views of the European Union.

www.iag.org.ph/ipdev

D E V C O N

THIS PROJECT IS SUPPORTED

BY THE EUROPEAN UNION

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