keswa masyarakat copy juni 2013

8/18/2019 Keswa Masyarakat Copy Juni 2013

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KESEHATAN JIWA MASYARAKAT

Maramis (1998.539-561), Kesea!a" #i$a %&i"i% a!a' si%ia!ri %&i"i%a"* +errie"!asi %eaa %&i"i% e"*a" mema%ai !erai i"ii'a&

a!a''" !erai %e&m% %e/i& !e&a mem+'%!i%a" %emam'a" a"

%e*'"aa""a. A%a" !e!ai '"!'% me"i"*%a!%a" %esea!a" #i$a

masara%a!, pendekatan individual sa#a !er"a!a !ia% /'%'. 0"!'%

i"i er&' #'*a i&a%'%a" s'a!' e"e%a!a" a"* &ai", ai!'

pendekatan masyarakat (/mm'"i! ara/2) e"*a"

e"*+a!a" masara%a! (/mm'"i! !era2). si%ia!ri %&i"i% a" si%ia!ri masara%a!, %e'a-'a"a mem'"ai !'#'a" a%ir a"*

sama, ai!' kesehatan jiwa individu dan masyarakat a"* !ia%

aa! iisa-isa%a" sa!' ari a"* &ai". 4i +ia"* e&aa"a"

%esea!a", #a"*a" %i!a a"a +er'saa me"i"*%a!%a" %esea!a" isi%

a!a' me"'r'"%a" a"*%a %ema!ia" sa#a, a%a" !e!ai a"* &e+i e"!i"*

ia&a se/ara &is!i% me"i"*%a!%a" 'a&i!as i'.

4a&am a"%es #i$a masara%a! %i!a a%a" mem+i/ara%a" 7

1. e"*er!ia"

Kesea!a" #i$a masara%a! a!a' si%ia!ri masara%a! ia&a

e"*e!a'a" '"!'% me&a%sa"a%a" r*ram masara%a! a"

+errie"!asi aa masara%a! a&am a& e"i"*%a!a", e"/e*aa",

e"*+a!a" a" rea+i&i!asi. Is!i&a &ai" ia&a si%ia!ri ssia& a!a'

si%ia!ri ree"!i.

er+eaa" '!ama e"*a" si%ia!ri% %&i"i% ia&a rie"!asi a"

e"e%a!a""a, sei"**a /ara-/ara e&aa"a" #'*a ie"*ar'i &e

er+eaa" i"i. 4e"*a" emi%ia" ma%a sera"* si%ia!erera$a!

%esea!a" #i$a %&i"i% +er!a"**'"* #a$a+ a!as %ese#a!eraa" asie""a

a"* me"*aa%a" %"!a% ri+ai e"*a""a '"!'%

+er+a!me"aa!%a" era$a!a".


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. Kes$a Masara%a! : ;a%!r Ssia&

4a&am %esea!a" #i$a masara%a! i"ii' ia"**a se+a*ai /"!

a"* a!a"* ari masara%a! a" +i&a ia a%a" i!&"*ira$a!, ma%a

a"* me"e"!'%a" ia&a +'%a" sa#a %e+'!'a"-%e+'!'a" i"ii' i!'

se"iri, !e!ai se+a*ia" +esar #'*a &e %e+'!'a"-%e+'!'a"

masara%a! a"* i+a$a &e"a se+a*ai /"! ser!a s'm+er-

s'm+er a"* aa '"!'% me"*aai masa&a-masa&a %e+'!'a"

'm'm i!'.

si%ia!ri masara%a! ia&a s'a!' /a+a"* si%ia!ri, %are"a i!'

e"*e!a'a" !e"!a"* si%ia!ri mer'a%a" asar""a. Te!ai '"!'%

me"#a&a"%a" r*ram si%ia!ri masara%a! e"*a" se+ai%-+ai%"a,

er&' iaami se*i-se*i ssia&, e%"mi, &i!i%, ami"is!rasi,

ma"a#eme" a" &ai"-&ai".


3/13

!er!e"!' i!' !ia% #a!' sa%i!. 4e"*a" emi%ia" %i!a aa! me"*am+i&

!i"a%a" e"/e*aa" +'%a" sa#a e"*a" me"*'ra"*i a!a'

me"*i&a"*%a" me"*am+i& !i"a%a" e"/e*aa" +'%a" sa#a e"*a"

me"*'ra"*i a!a' me"*i&a"*%a" a%!r-a%!r a"* me"im+'&%a"s!res, !e!ai #'*a e"*a" meme&iara a" me"*em+a"*%a" a%!r-

a%!r a"* mem+a"!' ra"*-ra"* i!' a*ar &e+i aa! me"aa"

s!res, a%!r-a%!r a"* me"im+'&%a" s!res, !e!ai #'*a e"*a"

meme&iara a" me"*em+a"*%a" a%!r-a%!r a"* mem+a"!'

ra"*-ra"* i!' a*ar &e+i aa! me"aa" s!res.

er+e%a&a".

K"se a"* ia%ai ia&a +a$a '"!'% #a"*%a a"#a"* sesera"*

ar's mem'"ai er+eaa" (s'&2) a"* !er's me"er's, ses'ai

e"*a" !ara er%em+a"*a""a, a*ar ia !ia% !er*a"**' #i$a"a.

er+eaa" i!' aa! i+a*i me"#ai 3 %e&m%, a%"i 7 er+e%a&a"

isi%, er+e%a&a" si%ssia&, a" er+e%a&a" ssi+'aa.

a. er+e%a&a" ;isi%.

?'"a"a '"!'% er%em+a"*a" a" %e%'a!a" +aa"isi%, seer!i

ma%a"a", er'maa", ra"sa"*a"-ra"*sa"*a" '"!'% a"/a-i"era,

%esema!a" '"!'% *era% +aa" a" se+a*ai"a. ?a"**'a" er+e%a&a"

isi% aa! me"**a"**' #'*a %eseim+a"*a" #i$a.

+. er+e%a&a" si%ssia&

er+e%a&a" ssia& mer'a%a" ra"*sa"*a" '"!'% er%em+a"*a" a&am +ia"* %ema'a", er+'a!a" a" erasaa". Ra"*sa"*a" i"i a!a"* ari

er*a'&a" e"*a" ra"*-ra"* a"* +erar!i +a*i i"ii', seer!i

%e&'ar*a"a, !er'!ama ra"* !'a"a, !ema"-!ema", ra"*-ra"* a"*

&e+i e%a! e"*a" i"ii', seer!i %e&'ar*a"a, !er'!ama ra"*

!'a"a, !ema"-!ema", ra"*-ra"* a"* &e+i !'a a&am a*ama"a, i

se%&a a" e%er#aa".


4/13

Ma"'sia er&' merasa%a" %e'asa" a&am %e+'!'a" a"!ar-ma"'sia,

'mama"a 7

1. Ke+'!'a" a%a" sa&i"* +er+a*i rasa %asi-saa"* a" erasaa"

a"* &ai"

. Ke+'!'a" a%a" em+a!asa" a" e"*a$asa", &e %are"a"a

ma%a !eraa! &a !'"'% aa a"* &e+i !i"**i.

3. Ke+'!'a" a%a" i%'! ser!a a&am s'a!' 'saa +ersama,

'mama"a samai ima"a%a i+eri%a" +a"!'a" a!a' %e+e+asa"

a&am e%er#aa""a.

er+e%a&a" si%ssia& a%a" !er*a"**' a" aa! me"im+'&%a"

*a"**'a" #i$a +i&a 'mama"a7

1. @ra"* i!' !ia% me"aa!%a" %esema!a" '"!'%

+er'+'"*a"+er*a'& e"*a" ra"* &ai" a"* aa! mem'as%a"

%e+'!'a""a

. A!a' ra"* a"* +erar!i a" +er%esema!a" '"!'% +er'+'"*a"e"*a" ra"* &ai" a"* !ia% aa! mem'as%a" %e+'!'a""a

3. A!a' ra"* a"* +erar!i +a*i"a !ia% me"*er!i a%a"

%e+'!'a""a, !ia% me"*ar*ai"a a!a' !ia% +er'saa mem'as%a"

%e+'!'a""a, !e!ai m'"*%i" ma&aa" memer&a%'%a""a '"!'%

mem'as%a" %e+'!'a""a se"iri.

B. er+e%a&a" i"i !er*a"**' '&a +i&a '+'"*a" a"* mem'as%a"!er'!'s %are"a e"a%i!, %ema!ia", %e+era"*%a!a" a!a' %e%e/e$aa".

/. er+e%a&a" Ssia&


5/13

sesera"* sa"*a! meme"*ar'i er+'a!a""a a" erasaa""a

!e"!a"* iri se"iri. Mere%a aa! me"e"!'%a" !ema! !e"!a"* iri

se"iri. Mere%a aa! me"e"!'%a" !ema! +a*i i"iii' a&am

masara%a! a" aa! meme"*ar'i #a&a" i'"a se/ara +erar!i.


6/13


7/13

+ia"*, a!a' masara%a! !er!e"!', '"*si *&"*a"-*&"*a"

e"em+'2 aa! mera"*%a &e+i ari sa!' +ia"*, a!a'

masara%a! !er!e"!', '"*si *&"*a"-*&"*a" e"em+'2 aa!

mera"*%a &e+i ari sa!' +ia"*, +a%a" aa a"* mera"*%ase%a&i*'s %e!i*a-!i*a +ia"* i!'. ;'"*si mera"*%a i"i sa"*a! 'm'm

a&am !raisi-!raisi a"* !eraa! i I""esia.

3. e"/e*aa"

Masa&a e"/e*aa" *a"**'a" #i$a sa"*a! +esar a" %m&e%s

sei"**a er&' %er#asama a"!ara emeri"!a, s$as!a a"

s'%are&a$a"$a!i a*ar aa %ri"asi a" eesie"si %er#a a"* &e+i!i"**i. Masi"*-masi"* 'saa #a"*a" me&ia! aa &aa"*a" a!a'

%ea&ia""a se"iri sa#a. Se+a&i%"a iera!i%a" +a*aima"a%a

'saa i!' aa! i&a%sa"a%a" se/ara !era' a&am sis!em

em+a"*'"a" masara%a!.

?.Fa&a", a&am Maramis (1998.5B=), si%ia!ri ree"!i ia&a i&m'

e"*e!a'a" !eri!i% a" ra%!is '"!'% mere"/a"a%a" a"

me&a%sa"a%a" r*ram sei"**a 7

1. e"am+aa" se*a&a +e"!'% *a"**'a" #i$a i a&am

masara%a! +er%'ra"*7 e"/e*aa" rimer (rimar ree"!i"2).

Ke*ia!a" i +ia"* %esea!a" #i$a masara%a! ia&a mem"i!r

masara%a! se/ara !era!'r '"!'% me"em'%a" mere%a a"* re"!a"

(m'a !er%e"a) a!a' a"* sea"* me"eri!a *a"**'a" #i$a a"

a%!r-a%!r a!a' %eaaa" a"* meme"*ar'i"a. 4i sami"* i"i

#'*a i'saa%a" '"!'% i%e!a'i %ei"*i"a" masara%a! me"*e"ai

*a"**'a"-*a"**'a" a"* me""#& a" a"* e"a% i+era"!as.

4ei"isi e"/e*aa" rimer ia&a 'saa me"*'ra"*i %as's-%as's +ar'

*a"**'a" #i$a a&am masara%a! e"*a" me"*'ra"*i a!a'

me"*i&a"*%a" a&-a& a"* aa! me"im+'&%a""a. Ya"* i&a%'%a"

ia&a s'a!' e"e%a!a" masara%a! a" +'%a" e"e%a!a" i"ii'a&.


8/13

4i'saa%a" a*ar risi% me"#ai sa%i! +er%'ra"* aa se&'r'

masara%a!.

0saa e"/e*aa" rimer a"* ar's i&a%'%a" aa&a 7

a. Me"*e"a& e"*ar' +'r'% aa $a%!' i!'.

+. Me"*e"a& %e%'a!a" &i"*%'"*a" a"* mem+a"!' ara i"ii'

me&a$a" e"*ar' +'r'% i!'.

/. Me"*e"a& %e%'a!a" &i"*%'"*a" a"* meme"*ar'i aa !aa"

masara%a! !eraa e"*a&ama" +'r'% a"* m'"*%i" me"ima

i%em'ia" ari.

?a"**'a" #i$a a"* aa! i/e*a se/ara rimer ia&a !er'!ama a"*

mer'a%a" a%i+a! sa&a as', "ersa, *a"**'a" si%sma!i%,

%e!er*a"!'"*a" +a!, masa&a seG'a&, a" si"rma !a% r*a"i% aa

a"a%-a"a% %are"a e!i&*i !er!e"!'.

4e"*a" emi%ia" iara%a" +a$a %eseim+a"*a" %e%'a!a" aa!

i'+a seemi%ia" r'a sei"**a e"am+aa" *a"**'a" #i$a +er%'ra"*, e"*a&ama" +'r'% i+a!asi a!a' ii&a"*%a" a" aa

!aa" masara%a! ier%'a!. 0saa i"i +erasar%a" s'a!' %"se

+a$a +a"a% *a"**'a" a" e"a%i! #i$a mer'a%a" a%i+a!

e"es'aia" iri a"* sa&a a" +a$a e"*a" me"*'+a

%eseim+a"*a" %e%'a!a", ma%a m'"*%i" !er#ai s'a!' e"es'aia" iri

a"* sea!. 0saa %esea!a" #i$a i I""esia aa&a +erasar%a"

00 Nmr 7 3 Ta'" 1966, +ia"* ree"si a" rmsi %esea!a" #i$a ai!' 'saa e"/e*aa" !er#ai"a *a"**'a" #i$a a"

e"i"*%a!a" era#a! a" e"i"*%a!a" era#a! %esea!a" i"ii' a"

masara%a!.

. ama"a se+a*ia" +esar *a"**'a" #i$a me"#ai &e+i e"e% 7

e"/e*aa" se%'"er (se/'"er ree"!i"2)

si%ia!er masara%a! ar's !er&i+a! a&am rses era"/a"*a",me"e"!'%a" a" me"e!a%a" riri!as me"*e"ai !'#'a" a"*


9/13

+er'+'"*a" e"*a" %e+'!'a" a" !'"!'!a" masara%a!. Ia

me&a%sa"a%a" r*ram i!' +ersama masara%a! seaa!-aa!"a

e"*a" /ara a"* e%"mis (e"*a" s'm+er-aa a"* aa aa

masara%a! i!' se"iri), me"*ea&'asi 'saa i!' a" mem+eri &ara"%eaa a"* me"'*as%a""a.

0saa %esea!a" #i$a i I""esia aa&a +erasar%a" 00 Nmr 7 3

Ta'" 1966, +ia"* %'rasi, ai!' era$a!a" a" e"*+a!a" aa

e"eri!a *a"**'a" #i$a, +ai% se/ara i"a!ie"!2 (ira$a! me"*i"a

i r'ma sa%i!) ma''" se/ara am+'&a!ir2 +er+a! #a&a".

3. Fa/a! a"* m'"*%i" i!im+'&%a" &e *a"**'a" #i$a +er%'ra"* 7 e"/e*aa" !ersier (!er!iar ree"!i"2).

Ke%!era"era$a!a" %esea!a" #i$a masara%a! #'*a me&a%'%a"

e"e&i!ia" me"*e"ai eiemi&*i *a"**'a" #i$a, a%!r-a%!r a&am

masara%a! a"* me"i"*%a!%a" a!a' me"*am+a! a"*%a %e#aia" a"

a"*%a %esa%i!a" *a"**'a" #i$a, me"*e"ai /ara a" !e%"i% '"!'%

me"*'ra"*i *a"**'a" #i$a a!a' mem+eri e&aa"a" a"* aa!

i#a"*%a' a" aa! i!erima &e masara%a!. 0saa %esea!a" #i$a

i I""esia aa&a +erasar%a" 00 Nmr 7 3 Ta'" 1966 i+ia"*

rea+i&i!asi ai!' 'saa '"!'% me"*em+a&i%a" e"eri!a aa '"*si

a" %e''%a""a sem'&a a!a' se/ara !ima&.

Ha&-a& !erse+'! i a!as aa! i&a%'%a" a!a' i%ri"asi%a" &e

s'a!' 'sa! %esea!a" #i$a masara%a! (KJM) a"* aa! +eriri

se"iri a!a' mer'a%a" +a*ia" ari s'a!' r'ma sa%i! #i$a a!a''"


10/13

a"* aa! mem+a"!' e"eri!a se+e&'m, se&ama a" ses'a mas'%

r'ma sa%i!. @ra"*-ra"* a"* mem'"ai %e/a%aa", rie"!asi a"

%emam'a" a"* +erma/am-ma/am, er&' i&a!i.

ara e!'*as %esea!a" meme*a"* era"a" e"!i"*, !er&e+i a&am

%e+i#a%sa"aa" emeri"!a '"!'% me&a%sa"a%a" i"!e*rasi %esea!a"

#i$a a&am 's%esmas a!a' er%esmas a" a&am RS0 i Ka+'a!e".

A&a"*%a +ai%"a +i&a 'saa i"i !eri"!e*rasi #'*a a&am

em+a"*'"a" Kesea!a" Masara%a! 4esa (KM4) a" +e%er#asama

e"*a" em+a*a Ssia& 4esa se%ara"* ise+'! KM4 a"*

mem+a$ai 'saa-'saa ssia& i 4esa seer!i em+i"aa" 4esa

seer!i em+i"aa" Kese#a!eraa" Ke&'ar*a (KK) a" se+a*ai"a.

ara e!'*as %esea!a" a"* +e%er#a i +a&ai KIA, 's!', &i"es

se%ara"* %i!a %e"a& r*ram 4esa Sia*a a"* e%a! e"*a"

masara%a! a" %e&'ar*a-%e&'ar*a %are"a mere%a me"#a&a"%a"

r*ram-r*ram %esea!a" masara%a!.

ara *'r' a&am sis!em e"ii%a" %i!a aa! +a"a% mem+a"!'

a&am me"/e*a *a"**'a" #i$a a" #'*a a&am me"em'%a"*a"**'a" #i$a se/ara i"i +i&a mere%a i&a!i. Mere%a aa!

mem+a"!' '&a a&am 'aa e"*+a!a" a" rea+i&i!asi. aa

!i"*%a! T ara se" a"* me"#ai %"se&r a!a' em+a"!' %"se&r

+ersama %"se&r-%"se&r #'*a aa! me"*er#a%a" a&-a& i!'

i+a$a %ri"asi s'a!' +im+i"*a" maasis$a.

ara ra"ia$a" seri"* #'*a imi"!a +a"!'a" &e %e&'ar*a e"eri!a

*a"**'a" #i$a. ara ra"ia$a" a" em'%a a*ama aa! me"*am+i&

+a*ia" se/ara a%!i a&am e&aa"a" %esea!a" #i$a e"*a" me"*e"a&

*a"**'a" #i$a se/ara i"i, me&a%'%a" %"se&i"* seera"a, mer'#'%

e"eri!a %e sera"* resi"a& ser!a mem+a"!' a&am e"*+a!a"

a" rea+i&i!asi.

e"eri!a a"* me"*a&ami *a"**'a" #i$a +iasa"a er!ama-!ama

i%e!a'i &e %e&'ar*a"a. ara a"**!a %e&'ar*a aa! i+eri e"era"*a" me&a&'i er!em'a"-er!em'a" %'s's +a*i %e&'ar*a a"*


11/13

mem'"ai a"**!a se+a*ai e"eri!a *a"**'a" me"!a& &e ara

e!'*as (ssia&-$r%er, era$a!). Me&a&'i er%'m'&a"-er%'m'&a"

ssia& ara a"**!a masara%a! &ai" a"* +ermi"a! aa! i&a!i

me"#ai e"em' %as's a" me"#ai s'%are&a$a"$a!i a&am +er+a*ai'saa %esea!a" #i$a masara%a!.

!!7ea&!.%mas./mrea>13>3>>=6>18 Mare! >13 >=76 WI<

Sare7

KmasRe*i"a R'%mri"i

Se#'m&a asie" *a"**'a" #i$a me"e"*ar%a" e"*araa" !e"!a"*

/ara mem+a!i% ari sera"* era#i" +a!i%, i R'ma Sa%i! Ji$a (RSJ)

r r Ser#, K!a Ma*e&a"*, Kamis (111>1).

4ar (36), $ar*a 4esa


12/13

a"**!a %e&'ar*a. 4ar i%'"/i i sa&a sa!' r'ma sei"**a ia !a%

+isa er*i %e ma"a-ma"a. Kare"a !a%'!, %e&'ar*a '" !a% +era"i &ama-

&ama me"e"*%"a %e/'a&i mem+eri%a" ma%a"a".

er'+aa" %ei'a" 4ar !er#ai !i*a !a'" &a&'. A$a& 4esem+er

>1>, 4esa >1 i"**a RT >13.

4a&am %e*ia!a" i!', maasis$a a" %aer me"em'%a" 4ar se+a*ai

asie" a"* riri!as i!a"*a"i se&ai" #'*a mere%a a"* seri"*

ma+'%-ma+'%a". 2A%ir"a, 4ar #ai riri!as r*ram a"*i#a&a"%a" %aer +ersama maasis$a,2 '#ar Kea&a 4's'" 11, 4esa


13/13

%esea!a" #i$a, mere%a #'*a me"a!a +er+a*ai e"a%i! i

masara%a!. Hasi& e"a!aa" i"i %em'ia" i+aas a&am er!em'a"

r'!i" %aer se!ia +'&a". 4ari a!a i!', mere%a memi&a ma"a $ar*a

a"* +'!' e"a"*a"a" a" 'aa a"* ar's i&a%'%a".

0"!'% me"a"* +iaa e"*+a!a" $ar*a a"* sa%i!, se!ia %e&'ar*a

i 4's'" 13>3>>=6>18

keswa masyarakat copy juni 2013

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