kajian mengenai operasi mt

8/12/2019 Kajian Mengenai Operasi Mt

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KAJIAN MENGENAI OPERASI MT

6.0: KAJIAN MENGENAI OPERASI MATEMATIK

6.1: KAEDAH PENGAJARAN OPERASI PENAMBAHAN DALAM MATAPELAJARAN MATEMATIK DALAM KALANGAN MURID SLOW LEARNER.

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajia ii! N"# S$a%lia Bi&i '"(()** &+la$ m+,++,a$ka ma(ala$

-a, i$aa/i )l+$ Paik! (+)#a, m"#i +#k+/+#l"a k$a( 2(l)3 l+a#+#4 i (+"a$

k+la( P+iika K$a( B+#ma(ala$ P+m+laja#a 2PKBP4 i (+"a$ (+k)la$ i K"$i,!

Sa#a3ak. Ma(ala$ -a, i$aa/i Paik aala$ k+("ka#a m+m"a& )/+#a(i &ama$.

Paa (" &)/ik /+ama$a alam li,k",a 10! Paik &iaa ma(ala$ i$aa/i-a

l+i$5l+i$ la,i jika m+lia&ka )j+k. T+&a/i! ma(ala$ +#m"la a/aila /+ama$a

m+lia&ka /+,i#aa m+l+i$i 10 a /+,"m/"la (+m"la i(+aka k+k+li#"a

Paik m+,,"aka ja#i "&"k m+ja3a ()ala /aa l+ma#a k+#ja -a, i+#ika.

B+lia" &+la$ m+#aa, /++ka&a -a, (+("ai m+,,"aka )j+k (+/+#&i ka-" ai(

k#im a l)k maia "&"k m+ma&" Paik. S+&+#"(-a! ka+a$ m+l"ki( lii7 +lia"

/+#k+alka "&"k m+,+lakka Paik a#i/aa &+#"( +#,a&", k+/aa )j+k lal"

m+lama&ka-a m+-ia/ka l+ma#a k+#ja. T+#-a&a (+l+/a( +am mi,,"

m+,,"aka &+kik5&+kik &+#(+"&! Paik a/a& m+ma$ami k)(+/ /+ama$a a

m+ama$ +,a +&"l alam ja,ka ma(a -a, l+i$ /++k.

TUJUAN KAJIAN

Kajia ii +#&"j"a "&"k m+ma&" Paik! (+)#a, m"#i +#ma(ala$

/+m+laja#a (l)3 l+a#+#! m+-+l+(aika )/+#a(i /+ama$a +,a m+,,"aka

ka+a$ m+l"ki( lii78 a m+ama$aik amala /9/ (a-a alam ilik a#ja$.

TINDAKAN

A(a( -a, k"a& alam *ak&a Ma&+ma&ik aala$ (a&" a(/+k -a, /+&i, a

(a,a& iamil ki#a alam k+a-aka /+l"a, /+k+#jaa -a, i&a3a#ka /aa ma(a

kii "ka (a$aja i Mala-(iamala$a i (+l"#"$ "ia. Ol+$ i&"! (+m"a m"#i /+#l"

m+,"a(ai ia, ii "&"k m+ma(&ika /+l"a, -a, l+i$ +#a$ "&"k m+a/a&


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/+k+#jaa /aa ma(a +/a. Hal ii &iak $a-a &+#&"m/" /aa m"#i )#mal (a$aja

&+&a/i j",a a,i m"#i +#ma(ala$ /+m+laja#a. Ol+$ i&"! /9/ Ma&+ma&ik i k+la( PKBP

i+#ika /++kaa (+la#a( +,a al(a*a$ P+iika K$a( K+a,(aa "&"k

m+la$i#ka i(a -a, a&a#a-a +#k+ma$i#a a +#ika#i -a, a/a& $i"/ (+i#i,

+,a ma(-a#aka& (+k+lili,-a. Wala" a,aimaa/"! /+,"a(aa Ma&+ma&ik m"#i5

m"#i &+#"&ama-a m"#i5m"#i +#k+/+#l"a k$a( aala$ ma(i$ l+ma$ -a,k+a-aka-a i(+aka )l+$ a(a( Ma&+ma&ik -a, l+ma$. K+ma$i#a a(a( Ma&+ma&ik

m+#a,k"mi k+ma$i#a /#a)m)#8 m+"li( a m+,+ja )m)#8 )/+#a(i &ama$! &)lak!

a#a! a a$a,i.

S+ma(a m"la5m"la m+ma("ki k+la( PKBP i (+k)la$ &+#(+"&! N"# S$a%lia m+a/a&i

(+m"a m"#i alam k+la( &+#(+"& &+la$ m+,"a(ai k+ma$i#a /#a)m)# a )m)#

"la& $a(il "(a$a ,"#" -a, m+,aja# m+#+ka (++l"m ii.

N"# S$a%lia j",a

m+m"a& (a&" "jia

#i,ka( m+#a,k"mi

("&)/ik5("&)/ik alam

k+ma$i#a /#a)m)# a

)m)# "la&. B+#a(a#ka

"jia &+#(+"&! ia/a&i

(+m"a m"#i ("a$ a/a&

m+,"a(ai k+"a5"a

&)/ik &+#(+"& a ("a$ +#(+ia m++#ima /+,+&a$"a a#". Ol+$ i&"! +lia"

m++#"(ka /+,aja#a k+/aa &)/ik (+&+#"(-a iai&" O/+#a(i P+ama$a alamli,k",a ;. S+a,ai /+#m"laa! +lia" m+,,"aka )j+k "&"k m+m"a$ka m+#+ka

m+ma$ami k)(+/ /+ama$a. P++ka&a -a, +lia" ,"aka "&"k m+#+ka m+,i#a

aala$ +,a &+kik )"&i,). A&a#a)j+k -a, &+la$ +lia" ,"aka "&"k m+,i#a

aala$ ja#i m"#i! ka-" ai(k#im! /+-+"& mi"ma! a ),ka$ maia. S+m"a m"#i

a/a& m+ma$ami k)(+/ /+ama$a (+#&a m+-+l+(aika l+ma#a k+#ja ()ala

/+ama$a +,a +&"l. Paa /+#m"laa-a! l+ma#a k+#ja -a, i+#ika

m+,a",i ,ama#aja$ )j+k (+a,ai ,a#i( /a"a "&"k m+m"a$ka m+#+ka

m+-ia/ka ()ala &+#(+"&. Gama# 1 m+#"/aka (a&" )&)$ l+ma#a k+#ja &+(+"&.


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S+&+la$ (+m"a m"#i a/a& m+,"a(ai /+ama$a alam li,k",a ;!

k+ma$i#a (+&+#"(-a iaja# iai&" /+ama$a alam li,k",a 10 a 67! (++la$ &a,a m+"j"kka ; a a/aila ia i,i m+ama$ 6! ia

+#a(a k+li#" &+&a, a,aimaa "&"k m+ama$ 6 (+a,ka (++la$ &a,a-a $a-a

m+m/"-ai ; ja#i. Ak$i#-a! ja3a/a -a, i+#ika )l+$ Paik k+/aa ()ala &+#(+"&

aala$ 6! +#+%a (+kali +,a ja3a/a -a, (+/a&"&-a iai&" 11. Di(+aka &+#lal"

a-ak ja3a/a (ala$ i+#ika )l+$ Paik! #aka5#aka (+k+la( -a, lai &+la$

m+mi,,i# a m+,+j+k-a.

M+li$a&ka k+aaa ii! N"# S$a%lia (+#i, m+m+#ika l+ma#a k+#ja -a,l+i$ k+/aa m"#i5m"#i lai a,a# m+#+ka l+ka m+m"a& l+ma#a k+#ja &+#(+"& a

alam /aa ma(a -a, (ama! +lia" a/a& m+mimi, Paik m+m"a& /+,i#aa

+,a +&"l. Paa m"la-a m+ma, a,ak ("ka# "&"k m+a#i ka+a$ al&+#a&i* "&"k

m+m"a$ka Paik m+,i#a. Paa /+#i,ka& a3al! +lia" m+,,"aka )j+k iai&"

ka-" ai(k#im "&"k m+m"a$ka-a m+,i#a. S+&+la$ Paik a/a& m+,"a(ai a#a ii!

+lia" m+,aja#-a ka+a$ m+l"ki( lii a +lia" m+mi&a-a m+m"a& /+#kai&a


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a&a#a ka-" ai(k#im +,a ka+a$ m+l"ki( lii -a, &+la$ +lia" aja#ka (+l+/a( i&". Ii

k+#aa 3ala"/" /+,i#aa m+,,"aka ka-" ai(k#im a/a& m+ma&" Paik

m+ja3a ()ala +,a +&"l! &+&a/i a-ak ma(a -a, iamil ia "&"k +#"a&

+mikia. Ol+$ i&" ka+a$m+l"ki( lii &+la$ +lia" /+#k+alka /aa Paik a,a# Paik

l+i$ *a$am a m+ja3a ()ala +,a +&"l alam ma(a -a, l+i$ /++k.

Di (am/i, m+,aja# &+kik m+l"ki( lii "&"k m+ma&" Paik m+-+l+(aika

()ala /+ama$a! N"# S$a%lia j",a +#"(a$a m+i,ka&ka k+-akia i#i Paik

"&"k +laja#. Ii (+#i, +lia" lak"ka +,a m+m+#ika ka&a5ka&a /"jia k+/aa

Paik a/aila ia +#ja-a m+m"a& /+,i#aa +,a +&"l. A/aila ia m+m"a&

k+(ila/a! N"# S$a%lia aka m+"j"kka a#a -a, +&"l a m+,,alakka-a

m+"a (+i#i. B+lia" j",a kaa, kala m+,a#a$ka #aka5#aka lai m+ma&"

Paik m+,i#a +,a +&"l. Hal ii (+iki& (+a-ak m+m"/"k (i*a& k+#ja(ama a

(+iki& +mi (+iki& #aka5#aka lai &iak la,i m+,+j+k-a! mala$ m+ma&" Paik

m+"j"kka a#a -a, +&"l "&"k m+m"a& /+,i#aa.

KESIMPULAN

S+a#a k+(+l"#"$a-a! kajia N"# S$a%lia ii +#ja-a m+a/ai )j+k&i*-a

iai&" "&"k m+ma&" Paik! (+)#a, m"#i +#ma(ala$ /+m+laja#a (l)3

l+a#+#!m+-+l+(aika )/+#a(i /+ama$a +,a m+,,"aka ka+a$ m+l"ki( lii.

=aa#a -a, +lia" $aa/i aala$ "&"k m+,+kalka /+,+&a$"a &+#(+"& alam

m+m)#i ja,ka /aja, Paik. Nam"! +,a &+kik /+,"la,a a la&i$a -a,+#&+#"(a! +lia" /+#a-a Paik a/a& m+,"a(ai ka+a$ ii a m",ki a/a&

m+m"a& /+,i#aa &a/a a&"a ka+a$ ii /aa ma(a $aa/a.

6.


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Kajia &+&a, /+,,"aa ,a#i( )m)# alam m+ma&" m"#i /+m"li$a

&a$" < m+ma$ami /+)laka alam li,k",a 10 &+la$ ijalaka )l+$ Ra i)a Aak

Raa. Kajia ii ijalaka "&"k m+li$a& k++#k+(aa /+,,"aa ,a#i( )m)#

alam m+-+l+(aika ma(ala$ )/+#a(i /+)laka alam li,k",a (+/"l"$ a,i m"#i

/+m"li$a Ta$"


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Ol+$ -a, +mikia! Ra i)a &+la$ m+"a "&"k m+,,"aka ,a#i( )m)#

alam /+#lak(aaa (+(i /+,aja#a +lia". Ra i)a a/a&i E3i m+m/"-ai ma(ala$

"&"k m+ma$ami k)(+/ ma&+ma&ik +,a +&"l. E3i k+li#" +,a k)(+/

/+ama$a -a, &+la$ iaja#. Ol+$ -a, +mikia! +lia" &+la$ m+#aa, ++#a/a

&iaka a3al +#a(a#ka a&a a3al -a, &+la$ +lia" i/+#)l+$i. S+lai a#i/aa i&"!

+lia" &+la$ m+,,"aka ka+a$ lai "&"k E3i m+,i#a +,a +&"l (++l"mm+,,"aka ,a#i( )m)# ii. Kajia ii ijalaka +#a(a#ka m)+l K"#& L+3i

21;


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BBM 'ANG INOFASI

.0: BAHAN BANTU MENGAJAR 'ANG INOFASI BOLEH DIGUNAKAN UNTUK

MENGAJAR OPERASI MATEMATIK.

Ba$a a&" m+,aja# 2BBM4 aala$ (a&" ala&a -a, ama& +#,"a a

m+ma&" "&"k m+liika /#)(+( /+,aja#a a /+m+laja#a +,a laa#.

P+#&ama-a! a$a a&" m+,aja# ama& /+&i, alam /#)(+( /+,aja#a a

/+m+laja#a.Hal ii k+#aa! m"#i5m"#i /+m"li$a (+a, a&a" m"a$ m+ma$ami

k)(+/ (+("a&" /+,aja#a. K+ia(a-a! m"#i5m"#i /+m"li$a ama& l+ma$ a&a"k"#a, m+,"a(ai k+ma$i#a m+maa! m+"li( a m+,i#a. Ol+$ -a, +mikia! ,"#"

/+m"li$a m+,$aa/i ma(ala$ "&"k m+,aja# m"#i5m"#i &+#(+"& . J"(&+#"! ,"#"

)l+$ m+,,"aka a$a a&" m+,aja# alam /#)(+( /+,aja#a ("/a-a makl"ma&

aka i(am/aika k+/aa m"#i &+#(+"&.

S+lai i&"! &"j"a a$a a&" m+,aja# iala$ m+a#ik /+#$a&ia /a#a /+laja#

(+ma(a (+(i m+,aja#. =)&)$-a! #amai /+laja# &iak m+m+#i /+#$a&ia (+ma(a ,"#"

m+,aja# i alam k+la( . Ol+$ -a, +mikia! /a#a /+laja# aka m+m+#i (+/+"$&"m/"a a/aila ,"#" m+,,"aka a$a a&" m+,aja# alam /#)(+( /+,aja#a a

/+m+laja#a. M+#+ka aka l+i$ ak&i* a (+#))k a/aila ,"#" m+,,"aka /+la,ai

j+i( a$a a&" m+,aja# m+,ik"& k)(+/ &+#&+&".

Tama$a /"la! m+lal"i /+,,"aa a$a a&" m+,aja# alam /#)(+(


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/+,aja#a a /+m+laja#a /a#a /+laja# aka a/a& m+,i,a& (+("a&" *ak&a a&a"

/+m+laja#a (+a#a +#&+#"(a alam mia-a. A/aila! m+#+ka +laja# +,a

m+,,"aka a$a a&" m+,aja# maka m+#+ka )l+$ m+,i,a& "&"k ja,ka ma(a

-a, /aja,.

Sa-a &+la$ m+,$a(ilka ++#a/a a$a a&" m+,aja# 2BBM4 Ma&+ma&ik -a,

i)@a(i a#i/aa /+#maia Ma&+ma&ik +,a m+,amil ki#a a(/+k k+(+("aia i#i5i#i

a$a! k+/+la,aia k+,"aa! m"a$ ali$! aa/&a(i a m+,amil ki#a a(/+k

k+(+lama&a "&"k )l+$ i,"aka alam /+,aja#a ma&+ma&ik. S+m"a a$a a&"

m+,aja# ii )l+$ i,"aka "&"k (+m"a )/+#a(i ma&+ma&ik.

.1: OPERASI TAMBAH

.1.1: PERMAINAN ROLLER =OASTER

Ba$a a&" m+,aja# #)ll+# )a(&+#7 ii m+m/"-ai /+#a&"#a &+#&+&".

P+#&ama-a a$a a&" m+,aja# ii )l+$ imaika )l+$ "a a&a" &i,a )#a, (a$aja.

S+lai i&"! m"#i /+m"li$a ik+$+aki m+,,+#akka k+#+&a i a&a( +k #)ll+#

)a(&+#7. S+&+#"(-a! alam #)ll+# )a(&+#7 i&" &+#a/a& &i,a (&+(+. Di (+&ia/ (&+(+ i&"

&+#a/a& k+#&a( -a, i,"li,ka +,a #i+. Maka! a/aila m"#i (am/ai i (&+(+ 18

m+#+ka ik+$+aki m+m"ka k+#&a( &+#(+"& a m+maa ()ala. Dalam k+#&a( i&"!

m+m/"-ai ++#a/a ()ala -a, +#kai&a +,a )/+#a(i &ama$. M"#i ik+$+aki

m+ja3a ()ala -a, &+#a/a& i (&+(+ /+#&ama. S+&+la$ m+-ia/ka ()ala i (&+(+

/+#&ama! m"#i ik+$+aki +#,+#ak k+ (&+(+ "a a m+,"la,i /+#maia ii.

Mala$! jika m"#i &iak a/a& m+ja3a ()ala i (&+(+ /+#&ama8 maka m+#+ka &iak

)l+$ m++#"(ka /+#maia k+ (&+(+ "a a &i,a.

T"j"a! (a-a m+,$a(ilka a$a a&" m+,aja# -a, i)@a(i ii aala$ "&"k


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m+#a,(a,ka mia m"#i "&"k m+m"a& /+,i#aa )/+#a(i &ama$ (amil +#mai.

Hal ii k+#aa! m"#i /+m"li$a aka m+lia&ka i#i-a +,a aik a/aila m+m"a&

/+,i#aa )/+#a(i &ama$ (amil +#mai. Sa-a &+la$ m+,a/lika(ika /+#maia ii i

SJK2T4 Laa, =ai#) (+ma(a m+jalaka /#ak&ik"m *a(a 1 alam kala,a m"#i

/+m"li$a. P+#maia #)ll+# )a(&+#7 ii ama& +#k+(a alam kala,a m"#i

/+m"li$a i SJK2T4 Laa, =ai#).

Paa m"la-a! m"#i /+m"li$a i (+k)la$ &+#(+"& m+m/"-ai ma(ala$ a#i (+,i

k+$ai#a k+ (+k)la$! k"#a, mia& alam /+m+laja#a a &iak +,i&" ak&i* alam

/#)(+( /+,aja#a a /+m+laja#a. S+&+la$ (a-a m+,a/lika(ika /+#maia ii alam

/#)(+( /+,aja#a a /+m+laja#a m"#i /+m"li$a i (+k)la$ i&" m+lia&ka i#i-a

+,a (+/+"$ a m+#+ka (a,a& (+#))k "&"k +laja#. M+#+ka a/a& m+ja3a

()ala i&" (amil +#mai. Maka! j+la(la$ a$a3a m"#i /+m"li$a aka mia& a/aila

m+,,"aka "("# /+#maia alam /+,aja#a )/+#a(i &ama$. Ol+$ -a, +mikia!

/+#maia ii ama& +#k+(a a +#,"a alam kala,a m"#i /+m"li$a "&"k

m+m/+laja#i )/+#(i &ama$. Ba$a a&" m+,aja# -a, i)@a(i iai&" #)ll+# )a(&+#7 ii

)l+$ i,"aka "&"k m+,aja# (+lai a#i/aa )/+#a(i &ama$ (+/+#&i )/+#a(i &)lak!

a#a a a$a,i.

.1.


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Ali m+m+li a&a, /+(il. A-a$-a m+,$aia$ka ; a&a, /+(il

la,i.B+#a/aka$ j"mla$ /+(il -a, aa /aa Ali

=ik," Ami%a$ m+m+#i 6 "a$ "k" k+/aa K$a%ali. =ik," R)(lima$ /"la

m+,$aia$ka "a$ "k" k+/aa K$a%ali. B+#a/aka$ j"mla$ "a$

"k" K$a%ali

R)kia$ m+m/"-ai (+"&a( #a&ai -a, m+m/"-ai C maik $i&am . I"-am+,"&ai maik m+#a$ /aa #a-ai &+#(+"&. B+#a/aka$ j"mla$ maik

alam #a&ai &+#(+"&

Ka#im aa ; +k)# a-am a +k)# i&ik. B+#a/aka$ j"mla$ $ai3a -a, aa

/aa Ka#im

Um"# K),ila aala$ &a$" maakala aik-a aala$ &a$". B+#a/aka$

j"mla$ "m"# k+"a5"a aik5+#aik

Sa-a &+la$ m+,a/lika(ika a$a a&" m+,aja# ii ! alam kala,a m"#i

/+m"li$a i SJK2T4 Laa, =ai#). M+#+ka &+la$ m+lia&ka i#i-a +,a aik alam

ak&i@i&i &+#(+"& a m+m+#i #+(/) -a, aik. S+lai i&"! (++l"m ii (a-a &+la$

m+m+#i la&i$a m+-+l+(aika ma(ala$ ma&+ma&ik )/+#a(i &ama$. Paa k+&ika i&"!

m+#+ka &iak +,i&" (+#))k a &iak m+m+#i #+(/) -a, aik. Maka! m+lal"i

/+#maia $)#(+( &)"#i,7 ii m"#i /+m"li$a a/a& m+ja3a ()ala i&" +,a

,+mi#a a ak&i*.

Ak$i# ka&a! a$a a&" m+,aja# ii ama& +#k+(a a +#i/"& k+/aa (+m"a

m"#i /+m"li$a. G"#" )l+$ m+,a/lik(ika a$a a&" m+,aja# ii "&"k m+,aja#)/+#a(i &)lak! a#a a a$a,i. Hal ii k+#aa! a$a a&" m+,aja# ii /+la,ai

k+,"aa.

P)(&+ - kaiammal ,a/al)) a& 0C:?

MASALAH DALAM OPERASI MT
https://plus.google.com/101306016358571750060http://kanniammalgapaloo.blogspot.com/2013/09/normal-0-false-false-false-en-my-x-none_21.htmlhttps://plus.google.com/101306016358571750060http://kanniammalgapaloo.blogspot.com/2013/09/normal-0-false-false-false-en-my-x-none_21.html


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C.0: MASALAH5MASALAH 'ANG DIHADAPI OLEH MURID PEMULIHAN

DALAM OPERASI MATEMATIK.

C.1: DISKALKULIA

Di(kalk"lia i+*ii(ika (+a,ai ma(ala$ /+m+laja#a (/+(i*ik -a,

m+m/+,a#"$i /+m+#)l+$a /+m+laja#a k+ma$i#a a#i&m+&ik 2Wiki/+ia! ! 5! !a . S+lai i&"! m+#+ka aka

m+,alami k+("ka#a m+m+%aka ilai +(a# a k+il. =)&)$-a! &iak a/a&

m++&"ka ilai &+#+(a# a&a#a


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C.: MEMPUN'AI MASALAH MENGINGAT

M"#i /+m"li$a m+m/"-ai ma(ala$ i,a&a.Hal iik+#aa! )&ak ma"(ia

&+#i#i a#i/aa "a a$a,ia! iai&" $+mi(*+#a ki#i a kaa . Ba,i k+a-aka )#a,!$+mi(*+#a ki#i l+i$ )mia +#ai, $+mi(*+#a kaa. Paa (+(+&+,a$ k+(!

i(kalk"lia +#lak" akia& &+#a/a&-a ,a,,"a a&a" k+k"#a,a +#+#ala&a" )mia(i

$+mi(*+#a )&ak. Ol+$ $al -a, +mikia! (+a$a,ia $+mi(*+#a )&ak ,a,al m+)mia(i

*",(i5*",(i /+,i#aa. Maka! $al ii m+-+aka m"#i /+m"lia$ m+,alami

ma(ala$ alam /+,i#aa ma&+ma&ik a m+,i,a& )m)#5)m)#. S+lai i&"! m+#+ka

aka (+#i, l"/a a#a5a#a m+m"a& /+,i#aa &ama$! &)lak! a#a a a$a,i.

C.C: KONSEP NOMBOR

M+"#"& aial Ka((a 9 S"$aila A"lla$ 5


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C.: PENGELASAN



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M+maa,ka m"#i5m"#i /+m"li$a ("(a$ &"k m+,"a(ai k)(+/ ma&+ma&ik

&+#"&ama-a a$a,i . Jai alam kajia ii (a-a m+,k$"("(ka "&"k m++kaka

$a-a k+/aa k)(+/ a$a,i (a$aja. U&"k m+a/ai ma&lama& ii (a-a &+la$ m+#+ka

(a&" ala& i)@a(i a,i k+m"a$a m"#i "&"k m+ma$ami k)(+/ alam ma&+ma&ik

k$a(-a alam a$a,i. Ha(il ()al (+liik m+"j"kka m"#i5m"#i +#mia& "&"km+m"a& la&i$a a ("ka "&"k +laja# ma&+ma&ik +,a +#mai +,a ala& i)@a(i

-a, &+la$ ii/&a (+a,ai /+m"a$ a#a a,i m"#i m+-+l+(aika ma(ala$ a$a,i

k+/aa m"#i5m"#i /+m"li$a. Dalam kajia ii m"#i &+la$ i+a$ka +,a la&i$a

),ak! la&i$ &"i a ka+a$ /+#maia -a, &+la$ ijalaka )l+$ m"#i (+i#i. Kajia

ii m+,amil ma(a (+k"#a,5k"#a,-a 60 mii& a,i (+&ia/ (+(i /+,aja#a.

C. LATAR BELAKANG

C.1 I(" KajiaR+*l+k(i P+,aja#a Da P+m+laja#a 'a, Lal".

S"ka&a /+laja#a ma&+ma&ik K+la( P+m"li$a K$a( l+i$ m++kaka k+/aa C )/+#a(i

*ak&a a(a(. Dalam (+&ia/ )/+#a(i iai&" &ama$! &)lak ! a#a a a$a,i m"#i5m"#i

/+m"li$a (a,a& ("ka# "&"k m+-+l+(aika ma(ala$ -a, +#kai&a +,a )/+#a(i

a#a a a$a,i.

S+ma(a (+(i /+,aja#a ijalaka i alam k+la( ia/a&i m"#i5m"#i ma(i$ +l"m

m+,"a(ai a &iak a/a& m+ja3a +,a +&"l *ak&a a(a( a#a a a$a,i. Ma(ala$

ii ik+al/a(&i m+lal"i la&i$a ),ak a la&i$a k+#ja (+ma(a (+(i /+,aja#a a

/+m+laja#a. Ol+$ i&" ia /+#l" ia&a(i k+#aa ia m+j+ja(ka /+m+lajaa a

k+,a,ala-a i alam /+/+#ik(aa -a, ijalaka k+lak.

C.< Ma(ala$5ma(ala$ -a, i$aa/i.


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Ma(ala$ ii &im"l k+#aa ,"#" k"#a, k+/aka#a alam m+,aja# m"#i /+m"li$a

k$a(. P++ka&a (+a#a ii@i" j",a k"#a, ijalaka. Ol+$ i&"! ,"#" /+#l" m+maika

/+#aa (+a,ai /+m"a$ a#a alam /+,aja#a a /+m+laja#a m+,ik"& /+a/aia

m"#i. P+la,ai &+kik /+,aja#a /+#l" ilak"ka (+#&a ala& a&" m+,aja# /+#l"

i,"aka a i/+la,aika "&"k m+m)l+$ka m"#i m+ma$ami +,a m+alam.

M+lal"i /+m+#$a&ia! la&i$a k+#ja a "jia ),ak /+,kaji m+a/a&i m"#i ma(i$

&iak m+a/a& m+,"a(ai k)(+/ a$a,i +,a +&"l. Ol+$ i&" /+,kaji "a

m+,kaji ma(ala$ ii a,a# k+*a$ama m"#i alam ma(ala$ a$a,i a/a& ia&a(i.

S+&+#"(-a m"#i5m"#i a/a& +laja# k)(+/ ma&+ma&ik +,a #a(a -a, (+#))k a

mia& -a, &i,,i alam /+laja#a ma&+ma&ik.

;. OBJEKTI INOFASI

Oj+k&i* kajia ii aala$ (+/+#&i +#ik"&:

1 Ba,i m+i,ka&ka k+ma$i#a m"#i alam m+-+"& a m+,+al (+#&a

m+,i,a&i (i*i# 1 $i,,a .

< Ba,i m+m/+#&i,ka&ka k+ma$i#a *ak&a a(a( a$a,i.

Ba,i m+#aa, &iaka a m+ilai k++#k+(aa &iaka alam m+a,ai

/+-+l+(aia ma(ala$ a$a,i.

C Ba,i m+i,ka&ka /#+(&a(i m"#i alam /+laja#a ma&+ma&ik.

; S+a,ai la,ka$ m+a#ik mia& m"#i +laja#.

6 m+,$a(ilka (a&" ("a(aa +laja# -a, m+-+#))kka.

6. TARIKH MULA DAN TARIKH SIAP PELAKSANAAN.


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Ta#ik$ kajia ilak(aaka /aa a3al "la Ok&)+#


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&+#(+"& m+m/"-ai ma(ala$ &iak &a$" m+maa &+#"&ama-a i" a/a m"#i )#a, a(li.

Aa j",a i a&a#a-a /+#a$ i/+ja#a k+#aa ma(ala$ /+,amila aa$.

K+(im/"la-a m"#i5m"#i ii k+a-aka-a aala$ &+#ia# &a/a ka3ala -a,

(+/a&"&-a. M+#+ka $a-a +laja# $a-a i(+k)la$ (a$aja &a/a m++#"(ka

/+m+laja#a i#"ma$ ma(i,5ma(i,. Tiaa k+(iam",a /+m+laja#a )l+$ i"a/a i #"ma$. Ol+$ i&" m"#i5m"#i m"a$ l"/a a/a -a, &+la$ i/+laja#i i (+k)la$.

.


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&+#"a, jai k)( m+mia-a aala$ m"#a$.

?. BENTUK KEJA'AAN

?.1 P+,"#"(a K)( O/+#a(i.

S+/+#&i -a, &+la$ i(+"& a$a3a /+miaa ala& i)@a(i ii aala$ a#i a$a5 a$a

&+#"a, maka k)( )/+#a(i-a aala$ m"#a$. Ii +#,a&", /aa j+i( ala& -a, iia

,"#" . Dalam ka+a$ ii ,"#" $a-a /+#l" m+m+li "ma iji ,"li. M+a#i "l"$ a

k)&ak5k)&ak -a, &+#"a, (a$aja. Nam" +,i&" ,"#" /+#l" k#+&i* "&"k m+m"a& #+ka

i/&a -a, m+a#ik a a&ik "&"k m+a#ik mia& m"#i +laja#.

?.< P+jima&a Ma(a.

Di alam k+la( ia(a m"#i ("a$ +laja# m+,+al a m+mila, )m)#. B+,i&"

j",a ialam k+la( /+m"li$a m"#i m+,ik"&i /+,aja#a m+,ik"& ("ka&a /+laja#a

/+m"li$a. G"#" "ma /+#l" m+,ik"&i ("ka&a /+laja#a ia(a ="ma i&ama$ka

+,a ala& /+#maia i)@a(i i alam k+la(. Ala& ii )l+$ i,"aka (+/aja,

&+m/)$ /+m+laja#a a )l+$ i,"aka )l+$ m"#i i alam k+la( ali#a /+#aa.

Jima& k)( !jima& ma(a a )l+$ i,"aka ila5ila ma(a a imaa (a$aja.

?. P+i,ka&a K++#k+(aa.

Dalam kajia ii ,"#" a/a& m+li$a& +,a j+la( $a(il k++#k+(aa /+m+laja#a

+,a ka+a$ ala& /+#maia Pia) Ba$a,i ii. S++l"m m"#i i/+#k+alka +,a


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=a#a /+#maia )l+$ #"j"k alam l+ma#a -a, ik+/ilka. U&"k m+m"a& ala&

/+#maia ii j",a )l+$ i#"j"k alam lam/i#a -a, i(+iaka.

P+,kaji +#$a#a/ ("/a-a ala& i)@a(i ii )l+$ ik)m+#(ialka +,a m+,,"aka

&+k)l),i m)+ a i,"aka "&"k k+m"a$a ,"#" a m"#i5m"#i i(+l"#"$

Mala-(ia. Wala" a,aimaa /" $ak i/&a aala$ &+#/+li$a#a a &iak )l+$ ik+l"a#ka

&a/a k++a#a. S+lama& Maj" Ja-a.

=ARA MEMBINA PIANO BAHAGI.

Ba$a -a, i/+#l"ka.

a&a, "l"$ "k"#a ii

10 a&a, "l"$ "k"#a ii

11 a&a, "l"$ -a, &+la$ i+la$ /aja, 1 kaki.

1< < k)&ak &+#/akai (++#$aa +(a#.

1 1 ,"l", l)+-&a/+.

1C 100 iji ,"li.

=a#a m+m"a&-a.

T+"k l"a, "k"#a "l"$ ii /aa /+#m"kaa k)&ak 1 (+a#a (+la#i (+/+#&i

,ama#aja$ 1 i a3a$.


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Gama#aja$ 1

K+m"ia ma("kka "l"$ alam (+&ia/ l"a, &+#(+"&. =a&"mka $"j", "l"$ ii

+,a (+&ia/ $"j", "l"$ ii imaa /+#l" i#"i,ka &+#l+i$ a$"l". G"aka

l)-&a/+ ("/a-a "l"$ i&" &+,"$ a ("("ka (+a#a m+li&a,. Li$a& ,ama# #aja$


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Gama#aja$

Ak$i# (+kali 3a#aka k)&ak (+/+#&i /ia) ia(a. M"#i )l+$ ,"a ala& ii "&"k +laja#

a$a,i. L+&akka )m)# 1 $i,,a /aa (+&ia/ "l"$ "&"k m+m"a$ka m"#i

m+,,"aka /ia) a$a,i ii. Pia) a$a,i ii (ia/ "&"k i,"aka.

Gama# m+"j"kka m"#i (+a, m+,,"aka ala& i)@a(i .


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Lam/i#a


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Gama# Pi)a Ba$a,i -a, &+la$ (ia/ iia.


30/33

Lam/i#a


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B++#a/a )#a, /+laja# (+a, m+,,"aka Pia) Ba$a,i.

Lam/i#a C.

S)ala5()ala a$a,i (+$i,,a (i*i# .


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Di(+iaka )l+$:

=ik," Si&i Amia$ i&i Tali.G"#" Pm"li$a K$a(

kajian mengenai operasi mt

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