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vi DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.......................................................................... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN................................................................................. iii PRAKATA ....................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. ix DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ x DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xii INTISARI......................................................................................................... xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1 1.1. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 1 1.2. Rumusan masalah ................................................................................... 3 1.3. Tujuan penelitian .................................................................................... 3 1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ...................................................................................... 3 1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus...................................................................................... 3 1.4. Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................. 4 1.4.1. Manfaat Teoritis ................................................................................... 4 1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis .................................................................................... 4 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...................................................................... 5 2.1. MDA (Malondialdehyde) ....................................................................... 5 2.1.1. Definisi ................................................................................................. 5 2.1.2. Proses Terbentuknya Malondialdehyde (MDA) .................................. 5 2.1.3. Malondialdehyde (MDA) Sebagai Penanda Stres Oksidatif ................ 6 2.1.4. Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar MDA ................................ 7

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vi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.......................................................................... ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN................................................................................. iii

PRAKATA....................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................ x

DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... xii

INTISARI......................................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN................................................................................ 1

1.1. Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 1

1.2. Rumusan masalah ................................................................................... 3

1.3. Tujuan penelitian .................................................................................... 3

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ...................................................................................... 3

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus...................................................................................... 3

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................. 4

1.4.1. Manfaat Teoritis ................................................................................... 4

1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis .................................................................................... 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...................................................................... 5

2.1. MDA (Malondialdehyde) ....................................................................... 5

2.1.1. Definisi ................................................................................................. 5

2.1.2. Proses Terbentuknya Malondialdehyde (MDA) .................................. 5

2.1.3. Malondialdehyde (MDA) Sebagai Penanda Stres Oksidatif................ 6

2.1.4. Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar MDA................................ 7

vii

2.1.5. Teknik Pemeriksaan Malondialdehyde (MDA) ................................... 9

2.2. Bekatul .................................................................................................... 9

2.2.1. Definisi Bekatul.................................................................................... 9

2.2.2. Fungsi Bekatul Sebagai Antioksidan ................................................... 10

2.3. Pengaruh Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) terhadap Kadar MDA ......... 11

2.4. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Bekatul Terhadap Kadar MDA pada

Tikus yang diinduksi MSG..................................................................... 12

2.5. Kerangka Teori ....................................................................................... 15

2.6. Kerangka Konsep.................................................................................... 15

2.7. Hipotesis ................................................................................................. 15

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN................................................................... 16

3.1 Jenis Penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian............................................. 16

3.2 Variable dan Definisi Operasional.......................................................... 16

3.2.1 Variabel Penelitian ............................................................................... 16

3.2.2 Definisi Operasional............................................................................... 16

3.3 Populasi dan Sampel............................................................................... 17

3.3.1. Populasi Penelitian ............................................................................... 17

3.3.2. Sampel Penelitian................................................................................. 17

3.4 Instrumen dan Bahan Penelitian ............................................................. 18

3.4.1. Instrumen Penelitian............................................................................. 18

3.4.2. Bahan Penelitian................................................................................... 19

3.5 Cara Penelitian........................................................................................ 20

3.5.1 Persiapan Penelitian ............................................................................. 20

3.5.2 Pelaksanaan Penelitian ......................................................................... 20

3.5.3 Pembuatan Ekstrak Bekatul ................................................................. 22

3.5.4 Cara Pemeriksaan MDA plasma darah ................................................ 22

3.6 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian................................................................. 23

viii

3.6.1. Tempat Penelitian................................................................................. 23

3.6.2. Waktu Penelitian .................................................................................. 23

3.7 Skema Kerja Penelitian........................................................................... 24

3.8 Analisis Hasil.......................................................................................... 25

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN................................. 26

4.1. Hasil Penelitian....................................................................................... 26

4.2. Pembahasan ............................................................................................ 31

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN........................................................... 34

5.1. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 34

5.2. Saran ....................................................................................................... 34

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 35

ix

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

AEERB : Aqueous Enzymatic Extract from Rice Bran

CAT : Catalase

DNA : Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid

GPx : Glutathione peroxidase

GR : Glutathione reductase

GST : Glutathione transferase

MDA : Malondialdehyde

MSG : Monosodium Glutamat

O : Oxide

O2- : Radical superoxide

O2H : Perhydroxyl

OH : Hydroxyl

OH- : Radical hydroxile

PUFA : Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid

ROS : Reactive Oxygen Species

SOD : Superoxide dismutase

TBARS : Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance

WHO : World Health Organisation

LO2 : Radikal peroksil lipid

x

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 4.1. Rerata berat badan dan kadar MDA pada tiap kelompok serta

hasil uji anova dan uji Kruskal Wallis........................................... 26

Tabel 4. 2. Hasil uji Mann Whitney................................................................. 28

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1. Struktur Kimia Malondialdehyde ............................................. 5

Gambar 2. 2. Mekanisme peroksidasi PUFA................................................. 6

Gambar 2. 3. Reaksi pembentukan senyawa kompleks MDA-TBA

berwarna merah muda yang dapat diukur serapannya pada

panjang gelombang 520 nm...................................................... 9

Gambar 2. 4. Bagian-bagian Gabah ............................................................... 10

Gambar 3. 1. Skema Kerja Penelitian ............................................................ 24

Gambar 4.1. Rerata kadar MDA pada tiap kelompok................................... 30

xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Hasil Penelitian......................................................................... 40

Lampiran 2. Hasil Olah data SPSS ............................................................... 41

Lampiran 3. Surat Keterangan Penelitian Laboratorium Kimia ................... 50

Lampiran 4. Surat Penelitian Laboratorium Penelitian dan PengujianTerpadu..................................................................................... 51

Lampiran 5. Ethical Clearance ..................................................................... 52

Lampiran 6. Foto Penelitian.......................................................................... 53