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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL......................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN........................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR....................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR TABEL..............................................................................................
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ABSTRAK.........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
xxix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang.................................................................................1
1.2 Tujuan Penulisan..............................................................................1
1.3 Pembatasan Masalah........................................................................1
1.4 Metode Penulisan.............................................................................1
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan......................................................................1
BAB II PERCOBAAN I
ANALISA SPEKTRUM SINYAL
2.1 Tujuan Percobaan.............................................................................4
2.2 Dasar Teori.......................................................................................4
2.2.1 Analisa Gelombang Fourier....................................................6
2.2.1.1 Fungsi Genap..............................................................6
2.2.1.2 Fungsi Ganjil...............................................................6
2.2.1.3 Fungsi Simetri gelombang setengah...........................7
2.2.2 Bentuk Spektrum Sinyal..........................................................8
2.2.2.1 Sinyal Sinus................................................................8
2.2.2.2 Sinyal Kotak.............................................................10
2.2.2.3 Sinyal Segitiga..........................................................11
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2.2.2.4 Sinyal Gigi Gergaji...................................................13
2.2.3 Transformasi Fourier ............................................................15
2.2.4 Spektrum Sinyal AM.............................................................18
2.2.5 Spektrum Sinyal FM.............................................................18
2.2.6 Sinyal Audio (Suara Manusia)..............................................19
2.2.7 Duty Cycle.............................................................................20
2.2.8 Winscope...............................................................................22
2.2.9 Function Generator................................................................23
2.3 Alat dan Bahan...............................................................................24
2.4 Cara Kerja......................................................................................24
2.4.1 Sinyal Sinus...........................................................................25
2.4.2 Sinyal Kotak..........................................................................25
2.4.3 Sinyal Segitiga.......................................................................25
2.4.4 Sinyal Pulsa...........................................................................25
2.4.5 Sinyal Gigi Gergaji................................................................26
2.4.6 Sinyal Modulasi AM.............................................................26
2.4.6 Sinyal Modulasi FM..............................................................26
2.4.7 Spektrum Sinyal FFT............................................................26
2.5 Data Percobaan..............................................................................26
2.5.1 Sinyal Sinus...........................................................................27
2.5.2 Sinyal Kotak..........................................................................28
2.5.3 Sinyal Segitiga.......................................................................30
2.5.4 Sinyal Pulsa...........................................................................31
2.5.4.1 Duty Cycle 25 %.......................................................31
2.5.4.2 Duty Cycle 50 %.......................................................32
2.5.4.3 Duty Cycle 75 %.......................................................33
2.5.5 Sinyal Gigi Gergaji................................................................35
2.5.5.1 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Down......................................35
2.5.5.2 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp UP...........................................36
2.5.6 Sinyal Modulasi Ampiltudo (AM ).......................................38
2.5.6.1 Sinyal Modulasi Sinus..............................................38
2.5.6.2 Sinyal Modulasi Amplitudo Kotak...........................39
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2.5.7 Sinyal Modulasi Frekuensi (FM ).........................................40
2.5.8 Spektrum FFT.......................................................................41
2.5.8.1 Spektrum Sinyal Sinus .............................................41
2.5.8.2 Spektrum Sinyal Kotak ............................................31
2.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan..........................................................42
2.6.1 Sinyal Sinus...........................................................................42
2.6.1.1 Analisa Periode.........................................................44
2.6.1.2 Analisa Frekuensi.....................................................45
2.6.1.3 Analisa Amplitudo....................................................46
2.6.2 Sinyal Kotak..........................................................................47
2.6.2.1 Analisa Periode.........................................................48
2.6.2.2 Analisa Frekuensi.....................................................49
2.6.2.3 Analisa Amplitudo....................................................49
2.6.3 Sinyal Segitiga.......................................................................50
2.6.3.1 Analisa Periode.........................................................51
2.6.3.2 Analisa Frekuensi.....................................................52
2.6.3.3 Analisa Amplitudo....................................................52
2.6.4 Sinyal Pulsa...........................................................................53
2.6.4.1 Duty Cycle 25 %.......................................................54
2.6.4.2 Duty Cycle 50 %.......................................................57
2.6.4.3 Duty Cycle 75 %.......................................................61
2.6.4.4 Perbandingan Duty Cycle.........................................64
2.6.5 Sinyal Gergaji........................................................................65
2.6.5.1 Ramp Down..............................................................65
2.6.5.1 Analisa Periode............................................67
2.6.5.2 Analisa Frekuensi........................................67
2.6.5.3 Analisa Amplitudo........................................68
2.6.5.1 Ramp Up.....................................................................69
2.6.5.1 Analisa Periode............................................69
2.6.5.2 Analisa Frekuensi........................................70
2.6.5.3 Analisa Amplitudo........................................70
2.6.6 Sinyal Modulasi AM.............................................................71
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2.6.6.1 Sinyal AM Sinus.......................................................71
2.6.6.2 Sinyal AM Kotak......................................................73
2.6.7 Sinyal Modulasi Frekuensi FM.............................................75
2.6.8 Spektrum FFT.......................................................................76
2.6.8.1 Spektrum Sinyal Sinus..............................................76
2.6.8.2 Spektrum Sinyal Kotak.............................................77
2.7 Kesimpulan..................................................................................78
BAB III PERCOBAAN II
AMPLITUDO MODULATION
3.1 Tujuan Percobaan...........................................................................79
3.2 Dasar Teori.....................................................................................79
3.2.1 Tinjauan Umum.....................................................................79
3.2.2 Modulasi Amplitudo.............................................................81
3.2.2.1 Sinyal AM.................................................................81
3.2.2.2 Tujuan Modulasi.......................................................82
3.2.3 SSB........................................................................................83
3.2.3.1 Pengertian SSB.........................................................83
3.2.3.2 Sinyal Ideal Dan Persamaan Umum.........................84
3.2.3.3 Pembangkitan SSB...................................................84
3.2.3.4 Pengertian dan fungsi masing-masing blok
pembangkitan SSB....................................................86
3.2.3.4.1 Metode Filter Jalur Sisi..............................86
3.2.3.4.2 Metode Pergeseran fasa.............................87
3.2.3.4.3 Metode Ketiga............................................88
3.2.3.5 Keuntungan SSB.......................................................88
3.2.4 AMDSBFC............................................................................89
3.2.4.1 Pengertian AMDSBFC.............................................89
3.2.4.2 Pembangkitan Sinyal AMDSBFC............................89
3.2.4.3 Detektor Sinyal AMDSBFC.....................................93
3.2.5 AMDSBSC............................................................................95
3.2.5.1 Pengertian AMDSBSC.............................................95
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3.3 Alat dan Bahan...............................................................................97
3.4 Langkah Percobaan........................................................................98
3.4.1 AMDSBFC............................................................................98
3.4.1.1 Sinyal AMDSBFC....................................................98
3.4.1.2 Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector...........................98
3.4.1.3 Deteksi dengan Product Detektor.............................98
3.4.1.4 Percobaan m=100%..................................................99
3.4.2 AMDSBSC............................................................................99
3.4.2.1 Sinyal AMDSBSC....................................................99
3.4.2.2 Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector...........................99
3.4.2.3 Deteksi dengan Product Detektor.............................99
3.5 Data Percobaan............................................................................100
3.5.1 AMDSBFC..........................................................................100
3.5.2 Percobaan dengan m=100%................................................106
3.5.3 Sinyal AMDSBSC...............................................................112
3.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan..............................................................117
3.6.1 AMDSBFC..........................................................................117
3.6.1.1 Sinyal AMDSBFC..................................................118
3.6.1.2 Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector.........................121
3.6.1.3 Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detektor...........123
3.6.1.4 Percobaan dengan m=100%....................................127
3.6.2 AMDSBSC..........................................................................134
3.6.2.1 Sinyal AMDSBSC..................................................135
3.6.2.2 Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector.........................136
3.6.2.3 Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detektor...........138
3.6.3 Aplikasi AM Transmitter....................................................143
3.7 Kesimpulan..................................................................................144
BAB IV PERCOBAAN III
FREQUENCY MODULATION
4.1 Tujuan Percobaan.........................................................................145
4.2 Dasar Teori...................................................................................145
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4.2.1 Modulasi Frekuensi.............................................................145
4.2.2 Pembangkitan Sinyal FM....................................................145
4.2.3 Memperbaiki Linieritas Modulasi FM................................146
4.2.4 Automatic Gain Control (AGC)..........................................146
4.2.5 Pendeteksian Sinyal FM......................................................147
4.2.6 Bandwidth sinyal FM..........................................................148
4.2.7 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus pada FM.........................................149
4.2.8 Spektrum Sinyal FM...........................................................150
4.3 Alat dan Bahan.............................................................................151
4.4 Cara Kerja....................................................................................152
4.4.1 Linearitas Modulator, Linearitas Demodulator dan AFC.. .152
4.4.2 AGC....................................................................................152
4.4.3 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus.........................................................152
4.5 Data Percobaan............................................................................153
4.5.1 Linearitas Modulator, Linearitas Demodulator dan AFC.. .153
4.5.2 AGC....................................................................................153
4.5.3 Modulasi Sinyal Sinusoidal.................................................154
4.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan..............................................................156
4.6.1 Linearitas Modulator, Linearitas Demodulator dan AFC.. .156
4.6.1.1 Hubungan Vinput dan frekuensi................................157
4.6.1.2 Hubungan Vin dan AFC...........................................158
4.6.1.3 Hubungan Vin dan Audio.........................................159
4.6.1.4 Hubungan VAFC dan frekuensi.................................160
4.6.1.5 Hubungan VAudio dan frekuensi...............................161
4.6.2 AGC....................................................................................162
4.6.2.1 Perbandingan Vaudio dengan IF..........................................................163
4.6.2.2 Perbandingan VAGC dan Vaudio..................................164
4.6.3 Modulasi Sinyal Sinusoidal.................................................165
4.6.3.1 Frekuensi Input 500 Hz...........................................165
4.6.3.2 Frekuensi Input 2 KHz............................................166
4.6.3.3 Frekuensi Input 3 KHz............................................167
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4.6.3.4 Frekuensi Input 4 KHz............................................168
4.6.3.5 Frekuensi Input 5 KHz............................................169
4.6.3.6 Frekuensi Input 6 KHz............................................170
4.6.3.7 Frekuensi Input 7 KHz............................................171
4.6.3.8 Frekuensi Input 8 KHz............................................172
4.6.3.9 Frekuensi Input 9 KHz............................................173
4.6.3.10 Frekuensi Input 10 KHz........................................174
4.6.3.11 Perbandingan F(Input-Output) dengan
T(Input-Output)....................................................175
4.7 Kesimpulan..................................................................................177
BAB V PERCOBAAN IV
MPX STEREO DENGAN FDM
5.1 Tujuan Percobaan.........................................................................178
5.2 Dasar Teori...................................................................................178
5.2.1 Teknik FDM........................................................................178
5.2.2 Transmitter FM Stereo........................................................179
5.2.3 Receiver FM Stereo.............................................................182
5.2.4 LPF......................................................................................184
5.2.5 Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan R dan L.............................185
5.2.6 Frekuensi Generator............................................................185
5.2.7 Band Pass Filter (BPF)........................................................186
5.2.8 Phase Filter..........................................................................186
5.2.9 Demultiplexer Stereo .........................................................187
5.2.10 Filter..................................................................................188
5.2.11 Sub Carrier 38 KHz...........................................................188
5.2.12 Pilot 19 KHz......................................................................189
5.2.13 Jenis Modulasi Amplitudo................................................189
5.3 Alat dan Bahan.............................................................................191
5.4 Cara Kerja....................................................................................192
5.4.1 L+R dan L-R.......................................................................192
5.4.1.1 L+R.........................................................................192
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5.4.1.2 L-R..........................................................................192
5.4.2 AMDSBFC..........................................................................192
5.4.3 Generator Frekuensi............................................................192
5.4.4 Multiplexer Studio..............................................................193
5.5 Data Percobaan............................................................................194
5.5.1 Multiplexer..........................................................................194
5.5.1.1 Gambar Gelombang Sinus Multiplexer
f=2000Hz...............................................................194
5.5.1.2 Gambar Gelombang Sinus Multiplexer
f=3000Hz...............................................................197
5.5.1.3 Gambar Gelombang Kotak Multiplexer
f=3000Hz...............................................................200
5.5.2 BPF 38 KHz, BPF 19 KHz dan LPF 15 Khz .....................203
5.5.2.1 Gelombang Sinus BPF dan LPF f=2000Hz............203
5.5.2.2 Gelombang Sinus BPF............................................205
5.5.2.3 Gelombang Kotak BPF dan LPF f=3000Hz...........206
5.5.3 Demultiplexer......................................................................207
5.5.3.1 Gelombang Sinus Demultiplexer f=2000Hz...........207
5.5.3.2 Gelombang Sinus Demultiplexer f=3000Hz...........208
5.5.3.3 Gelombang Kotak Demultiplexer f=3000Hz..........209
5.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan..............................................................210
5.6.1 Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan L dan R.............................210
5.6.2 AMDSBSC..........................................................................215
5.6.3 Linear Mixer........................................................................218
5.6.3.1 Gelombang Sinus Linear Mixer f = 2000 Hz.........218
5.6.3.2 Gelombang Sinus Linear Mixer f = 3000 Hz.........218
5.6.3.3 Gelombang Kotak Linear Mixer f = 3000 Hz.........218
5.6.4 BPF (Band Pass Filter)........................................................220
5.6.4.1 Gelombang Sinus BPF f = 2000 Hz........................220
5.6.4.2 Gelombang Sinus BPF f = 3000 Hz........................221
5.6.4.3 Gelombang Kotak BPF f = 3000 Hz.......................221
5.6.5 LPF (Low Pass Filter).........................................................223
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5.6.5.1 Gelombang Sinus LPF f = 2000 Hz........................223
5.6.5.2 Gelombang Sinus LPF f = 3000 Hz........................223
5.6.5.3 Gelombang Kotak LPF f = 3000 Hz.......................224
5.6.6 Multiplexer..........................................................................226
5.7 Kesimpulan..................................................................................227
BAB VI PERCOBAAN V
SPEKTRUM AM DAN FM
6.1 Tujuan Percobaan.........................................................................228
6.2 Dasar Teori...................................................................................228
6.2.1 AM (Amplitudo Modulatio)................................................228
6.2.2 AM Transmitter...................................................................230
6.2.2.1 Test Signal..............................................................231
6.2.2.2 Audio Filter.............................................................231
6.2.2.3 Carrier Generator....................................................231
6.2.2.4 Buffer......................................................................232
6.2.2.5 Balance Modulator..................................................232
6.2.2.6 RF Amplifier...........................................................233
6.2.3 FM (Frequency Modulation)...............................................234
6.2.4 Perbandingan AM dan FM..................................................236
6.2.5 Standar Penyiaran Radio AM dan FM................................237
6.2.5.1 Radio AM...............................................................237
6.2.5.2 Radio FM................................................................238
6.2.6 Spectrum Analyzer..............................................................238
6.3 Alat dan Bahan.............................................................................239
6.4 Cara Kerja....................................................................................240
6.4.1 AM Transmitter...................................................................240
6.4.2 Siaran Radio FM.................................................................240
6.5 Data Percobaan............................................................................241
6.5.1 AM Transmitter dan Receiver.............................................241
6.5.1.1 Test Signal..............................................................241
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6.5.1.2 Audio Filter.............................................................241
6.5.1.3 Carrier Generator....................................................242
6.5.1.4 Buffer......................................................................242
6.5.1.5 Balance Modulator..................................................243
6.5.1.6 RF Amplifier...........................................................243
6.5.2 Spektrum AM......................................................................244
6.5.2.1 Spektrum Balance Modulator.................................244
6.5.2.2 Spektrum RF Amplifier..........................................244
6.5.3 Siaran Radio FM.................................................................245
6.5.3.1 Frekuensi Radio FM 90.2 MHz..............................245
6.5.3.2 Frekuensi Radio FM 102.2 MHz............................245
6.5.3.3 Frekuensi Radio FM 101.6 MHz............................246
6.5.3.4 Frekuensi Radio FM 89.9 MHz..............................246
6.5.3.5 Frekuensi Radio FM 90.5 MHz..............................247
6.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan..............................................................248
6.6.1 AM Transmitter dan Recevier ............................................249
6.6.1.1 Test Signal..............................................................250
6.6.1.2 Carrier Generator....................................................251
6.6.1.3 Audio Filter.............................................................252
6.6.1.4 Buffer......................................................................254
6.6.1.5 Balance Modulator..................................................256
6.6.1.6 RF Amplifier...........................................................258
6.6.2 Perbandingan V dan f pada AM Transmitter......................260
6.6.3 Spektrum AM......................................................................261
6.6.3.1 Balance Modulator..................................................262
6.6.3.2 RF Amplifier...........................................................263
6.6.4 Siaran Radio FM.................................................................264
6.6.4.1 Frekuensi Radio FM 90.2 MHz..............................265
6.6.4.2 Frekuensi Radio FM 102.2 MHz............................266
6.6.4.3 Frekuensi Radio FM 101.6 MHz............................267
6.6.4.4 Frekuensi Radio FM 89.9 MHz..............................268
6.6.4.5 Frekuensi Radio FM 90.5 MHz..............................269
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6.6.5 Perbandingan Spektrum FM Keseluruhan...........................270
6.6.6 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Spektrum Radio FM...271
6.6.7 Perbedaan Tiap jenis tipe demodulasi.................................272
6.7 Kesimpulan..................................................................................273
BAB VII PENUTUP
7.1 Simpulan......................................................................................263
7.2 Saran............................................................................................263
DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Gelombang Fourier Fungsi Genap............................................ 6
Gambar 2.2 Gelombang Fourier Fungsi Ganjil............................................ 7
Gambar 2.3 Fungsi Simetri Gelombang Setengah........................................ 7
Gambar 2.4 Gelombang Sinusoidal.............................................................. 8
Gambar 2.5 Gelombang Sinyal Kotak.......................................................... 10
Gambar 2.6 Gelombang Sinyal Segitiga....................................................... 11
Gambar 2.7 Gelombang Sinyal Gergaji........................................................ 13
Gambar 2.8 Spektrum Amplitudo Transformasi Fourier.............................. 17
Gambar 2.9 Contoh Spektrum Fasa Fourier................................................. 17
Gambar 2.10 Spektrum Modulasi AM............................................................ 18
Gambar 2.11 (a) Gelombang Carrier
(b) Gelombang Modulasi
(c) Gelombang FM.................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.12 Gelombang Audio Longitudinal............................................... 20
Gambar 2.13 Gelombang Duty Cycle 25% ................................................... 21
Gambar 2.14 Gelombang 0% Duty Cycle...................................................... 21
Gambar 2.15 Gelombang 25% Duty Cycle.................................................... 21
Gambar 2.16 Gelombang 50% Duty Cycle.................................................... 22
Gambar 2.17 Gelombang 75% Duty Cycle.................................................... 22
Gambar 2.18 Gelombang 100% Duty Cycle.................................................. 22
Gambar 2.19 Screenshoot Wonscope............................................................. 23
Gambar 2.20 Function Generator.................................................................... 23
Gambar 2.21 Sinyal Sinus pada Frekuensi 100 Hz......................................... 27
Gambar 2.22 Sinyal Sinus pada Frekuensi 500 Hz......................................... 27
Gambar 2.23 Sinyal Sinus pada Frekuensi 1000 Hz....................................... 27
Gambar 2.24 Sinyal Sinus pada Frekuensi 3000 Hz....................................... 28
Gambar 2.25 Sinyal Sinus pada Frekuensi 5000 Hz....................................... 28
Gambar 2.26 Sinyal Kotak pada Frekuensi 100 Hz........................................ 28
Gambar 2.27 Sinyal Kotak pada Frekuensi 500 Hz........................................ 29
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Gambar 2.28 Sinyal Kotak pada Frekuensi 1000 Hz...................................... 29
Gambar 2.29 Sinyal Kotak pada Frekuensi 3000 Hz...................................... 29
Gambar 2.30 Sinyal Segitiga Frekuensi 100 Hz............................................. 30
Gambar 2.31 Sinyal Segitiga Frekuensi 500 Hz............................................. 30
Gambar 2.32 Sinyal Segitiga Frekuensi 1000 Hz........................................... 30
Gambar 2.33 Sinyal Segitiga Frekuensi 2000 Hz........................................... 31
Gambar 2.34 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 25% pada Frekuensi 100Hz.............. 31
Gambar 2.35 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 25% pada Frekuensi 500Hz.............. 31
Gambar 2.36 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 25% pada Frekuensi 1000Hz............ 32
Gambar 2.37 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 25% pada Frekuensi 2000Hz............ 32
Gambar 2.38 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 50% pada Frekuensi 100Hz.............. 32
Gambar 2.39 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 50% pada Frekuensi 500Hz.............. 33
Gambar 2.40 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 50% pada Frekuensi 1000Hz............ 33
Gambar 2.41 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 50% pada Frekuensi 2000Hz............ 33
Gambar 2.42 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 75% pada Frekuensi 100Hz.............. 34
Gambar 2.43 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 75% pada Frekuensi 500Hz.............. 34
Gambar 2.44 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 75% pada Frekuensi 1000Hz............ 34
Gambar 2.45 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 75% pada Frekuensi 2000Hz............ 35
Gambar 2.46 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Down pada Frekuensi 100 Hz................ 35
Gambar 2.47 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Down pada Frekuensi 500 Hz................ 35
Gambar 2.48 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Down pada Frekuensi 1000 Hz.............. 36
Gambar 2.49 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Down pada Frekuensi 2000 Hz.............. 36
Gambar 2.50 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Up pada Frekuensi 100 Hz..................... 36
Gambar 2.51 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Up pada Frekuensi 500 Hz..................... 37
Gambar 2.52 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Up pada Frekuensi 1000 Hz................... 37
Gambar 2.53 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Up pada Frekuensi 2000 Hz................... 37
Gambar 2.54 Sinyal Modulasi Amplitudo (AM) Sinus m=100%.................. 38
Gambar 2.55 Sinyal Modulasi Amplitudo (AM) Sinus m=75%.................... 38
Gambar 2.56 Sinyal Modulasi Amplitudo (AM) Sinus m=50%.................... 38
Gambar 2.57 Sinyal Modulasi Amplitudo (AM) Kotak m=100%................. 39
Gambar 2.58 Sinyal Modulasi Amplitudo (AM) Kotak m=75%................... 39
Gambar 2.59 Sinyal Modulasi Amplitudo (AM) Kotak m=50%................... 39
xvi
Gambar 2.60 Hasil Pengamatan Sinyal Modulasi Frekuensi (FM)................ 40
Gambar 2.61 Sinyal Ideal Modulasi Frekuensi (FM)..................................... 40
Gambar 2.62 Spektrum Sinyal Sinus.............................................................. 41
Gambar 2.63 Spektrum Sinyal Kotak............................................................. 41
Gambar 2.64 Sinyal Sinus............................................................................... 42
Gambar 2.65 Sinyal Kotak.............................................................................. 47
Gambar 2.66 Sinyal Segitiga.......................................................................... 50
Gambar 2.67 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle............................................................ 53
Gambar 2.68 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 50%................................................... 57
Gambar 2.69 Sinyal Pulse Duty Cycle 75%................................................... 61
Gambar 2.70 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Down...................................................... 65
Gambar 2.71 Sinyal Gergaji Ramp Up........................................................... 69
Gambar 2.72 Sinyal Modulasi Amplitudo Sinus (m=100%).......................... 71
Gambar 2.73 Sinyal Modulasi Amplitudo Sinus (m=75%)............................ 71
Gambar 2.74 Sinyal Modulasi Amplitudo (AM) (m=50%)............................ 72
Gambar 2.75 Sinyal AM Kotak (m=100%) dengan Frekuensi 1KHz............ 73
Gambar 2.76 Sinyal AM Kotak (m=75%) dengan Frekuensi 1KHz.............. 73
Gambar 2.77 Sinyal AM Kotak (m=50%) dengan Frekuensi 1KHz.............. 74
Gambar 2.78 Hasil Pengamatan Sinyal FM.................................................... 75
Gambar 2.79 Sinyal Ideal Modulasi Frekuensi (FM)..................................... 75
Gambar 2.80 Spektrum Sinyal Sinus.............................................................. 76
Gambar 2.81 Spektrum Sinyal Kotak............................................................. 77
Gambar 3.1 Bagan Pemodulasian Sinyal...................................................... 80
Gambar 3.2 Spektra sinyal yang dimodulasi amplitudo
(a) DSBFC, (b) DCBSC, (c) SSBSC yang menggunakan USB
(d) SSBSC yang menggunakan LSB......................................... 84
Gambar 3.3 Bagan Metode Filter Balans...................................................... 85
Gambar 3.4 Blok Diagram Pembangkit SSB Metode Filter Jalur Sisi......... 86
Gambar 3.5 Blok Diagram Pembangkit SSB Metode Pergeseran Fasa........ 87
Gambar 3.6 Blok Diagram Pembangkit SSB Metode Ketiga....................... 88
Gambar 3.7 Pembangkit AMDSBFC........................................................... 90
Gambar 3.8 Sinyal Swicthing....................................................................... 91
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Gambar 3.9 Rangkaian Modulasi Switch..................................................... 91
Gambar 3.10 Kurva Square Low Dioda.......................................................... 92
Gambar 3.11 Pembangkit AMDSBFC........................................................... 92
Gambar 3.12 Detektor AMDSBFC................................................................ 93
Gambar 3.13 Diagram Blok Detektor AMDSBFC......................................... 94
Gambar 3.14 Pembangkitan AMDSBSC........................................................ 96
Gambar 3.15 Sinyal AMDSBFC di point C................................................... 100
Gambar 3.16 Pola Lissajous di Point D dan E Carrier Shift Minimum.......... 100
Gambar 3.17 Pola Lissajous di Point D dan E Carrier Shift Maksimum........ 101
Gambar 3.18 Sinyal Keluaran dengan Envelope Detector di Point J............. 101
Gambar 3.19 Sinyal Keluaran dengan Envelope Detector di Point K............ 102
Gambar 3.20 Sinyal Keluaran dengan Product Detector di Point H Carrier Shift
Minimum................................................................................... 102
Gambar 3.21 Sinyal Keluaran dengan Product Detector di Point H Carrier Shift
Maksimum................................................................................. 103
Gambar 3.22 Sinyal Keluaran dengan Product Detector di Point K Carrier Shift
Minimum................................................................................... 103
...................................................................................................
Gambar 3.23 Sinyal Keluaran dengan Product Detector di Point K Carrier Shift
Maksimum................................................................................. 104
Gambar 3.24 Sinyal Keluaran dengan pola Lissajous di point D-E
Minimum................................................................................... 104
...................................................................................................
Gambar 3.25 Sinyal Keluaran dengan pola Lissajous di point D-E
Maksimum................................................................................. 105
Gambar 3.26 Sinyal AMDSBFC dengan m=100% di Point C....................... 106
Gambar 3.27 Pola Lissajous di Point D dan E Carrier Shift Minimum.......... 106
Gambar 3.28 Pola Lissajous di Point D dan E Carrier Shift Maksimum........ 107
Gambar 3.29 Deteksi dengan Envelope detector di Point J............................ 107
Gambar 3.30 Deteksi dengan Envelope detector di Point K........................... 108
Gambar 3.31 Deteksi dengan Product Detector di Point H Carrier Shift
Minimum................................................................................... 108
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Gambar 3.32 Deteksi dengan Product Detector di Point H Carrier Shift
Maksimum................................................................................. 109
Gambar 3.33 Deteksi dengan Product Detector di Point K Carrier Shift
Minimum................................................................................... 109
Gambar 3.34 Deteksi Envelope Product Detector di Point K Carrier
Shift Minimum.......................................................................... 110
Gambar 3.35 Deteksi Envelope Product Detector di Point K Carrier
Shift Maksimum........................................................................ 110
Gambar 3.36 Deteksi dengan Product Detector di Point K dengan Carrier
Shift Maksimum........................................................................ 111
Gambar 3.37 Sinyal AMDSBSC di point C................................................... 112
Gambar 3.38 Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector di Point J........................... 112
Gambar 3.39 Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector di Point K.......................... 113
Gambar 3.40 Deteksi dengan Product Detector di Point H Carrier Shift
Minimum................................................................................... 113
Gambar 3.41 Deteksi dengan Product Detector di Point H Carrier Shift
Maksimum................................................................................. 114
Gambar 3.42 Deteksi dengan Product Detector di Point K Carrier Shift
Minimum................................................................................... 114
Gambar 3.43 Deteksi dengan Product Detector di Point K Carrier Shift
Maksimum................................................................................. 115
Gambar 3.44 Pola Lissajous Beda Fasa Carrier di Titik D dan E Carrier Shift
Maksimum................................................................................. 115
Gambar 3.45 Pola Lissajous Beda Fasa Carrier di Titik D dan E Carrier Shift
Minimum................................................................................... 116
Gambar 3.46 Sinyal AMDSBFC.................................................................... 118
Gambar 3.47 Pola Lissajous di Titik D dan E Carrier Shift Minimum.......... 119
Gambar 3.48 Pola Lissajous di Titik D dan E Carrier Shift Maksimum........ 119
Gambar 3.49 Blok Diagram AMDSBFC dengan Envelope Detector............ 121
Gambar 3.50 Sinyal Keluaran Deteksi dengan Envelope di Point J............... 121
Gambar 3.51 Sinyal Keluaran Deteksi dengan Envelope di Point K.............. 122
Gambar 3.52 Rangkaian AMDSBFC dengan Product Detector..................... 123
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Gambar 3.53 Sinyal Keluaran Deteksi dengan Product Detector di Point H
Minimum................................................................................... 123
Gambar 3.54 Sinyal Keluaran Deteksi dengan Product Detector di Point H
Maksimum................................................................................. 123
Gambar 3.55 Sinyal Keluaran dengan Product Detector di Point K
Minimum................................................................................... 124
Gambar 3.56 Sinyal Keluaran dengan Product Detector di Point K
Maksimum................................................................................. 124
Gambar 3.57 Beda Fasa E-D Carrier Shift Maksimum................................... 125
...................................................................................................
Gambar 3.58 Beda Fasa E-D Carrier Shift Minimum..................................... 126
Gambar 3.59 Sinyal AMDSBFC dengan m=100%........................................ 127
Gambar 3.60 Pola Lissajous Carrier Shift saat Maksimum............................ 128
Gambar 3.61 Pola Lissajous Carrier Shift saat Minimum.............................. 128
Gambar 3.62 Deteksi dengan Envelope di Point J.......................................... 130
Gambar 3.63 Deteksi dengan Envelope di Point K........................................ 130
Gambar 3.64 Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector di Point H Carrier
Shift Minimum.......................................................................... 131
Gambar 3.65 Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector di Point H Carrier
Shift Maksimum........................................................................ 131
Gambar 3.66 Beda Fasa di titik D-E saat Carrier Shift Maksimum...............132
Gambar 3.67 Beda Fasa di titik D-E saat Carrier Shift Minimum..................132
Gambar 3.68 Blok Diagram Rangkaian AMDSBSC...................................... 134
Gambar 3.69 Gambar AMDSBSC di point C................................................. 134
Gambar 3.70 Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector di Point J........................... 136
Gambar 3.71 Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector di Point K.......................... 136
Gambar 3.72 Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector di Point H Carrier
Shift Maksimum....................................................................... 138
Gambar 3.73 Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector di Point H Carrier
Shift Minimum.......................................................................... 138
Gambar 3.74 Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector di Point K Carrier
Shift Maksimum........................................................................ 139
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Gambar 3.75 Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector di Point K Carrier
Shift Minimum.......................................................................... 139
Gambar 3.76 Beda Fasa Carrier di D dan E Carrier Shift Maksimum........... 141
Gambar 3.77 Beda Fasa Carrier di D dan E Carrier Shift Minimum.............. 141
Gambar 4.1 Diagram Pembangkit Sinyal FM............................................... 146
Gambar 4.2 Diagram Pendeteksi Sinyal M................................................... 147
Gambar 4.3 Bentuk Sinyal Modulasi FM..................................................... 149
Gambar 4.4 Spektrum Sinyal FM................................................................. 150
Gambar 4.5 Grafik Frekuensi dan Vin........................................................... 157
Gambar 4.6 Grafik Ideal Vin dan Frekuensi.................................................. 157
Gambar 4.7 Grafik Hubungan Vin-AFC........................................................ 158
Gambar 4.8 Grafik Ideal Vin-AFC................................................................ 158
Gambar 4.9 Grafik Hubungan Vin-Tegangan Audio..................................... 159
Gambar 4.10 Grafik Ideal Vin-Vaudio................................................................ 159
Gambar 4.11 Grafik Hubungan Vaudio dan f.................................................... 160
Gambar 4.12 Grafik Ideal Vaudio-f.................................................................... 160
Gambar 4.13 Grafik Hubungan Vafc dan Frekuensi........................................ 161
Gambar 4.14 Grafik Ideal Frekuensi-AFC..................................................... 161
Gambar 4.15 Grafik Hubungan Vaudio-IIF......................................................... 163
Gambar 4.16 Grafik Ideal Vaudio-IIF.................................................................. 163
Gambar 4.17 Grafik Hubungan VAGC dan Vaudio.............................................. 164
Gambar 4.18 Grafik Ideal VAGC dan Vaudio....................................................... 164
Gambar 4.19 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus Output 500 Hz...................................... 165
Gambar 4.20 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus Output 2000 Hz.................................... 166
Gambar 4.21 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus Output 3000 Hz.................................... 167
Gambar 4.22 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus Output 4000 Hz.................................... 168
Gambar 4.23 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus Output 5000 Hz.................................... 169
Gambar 4.24 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus Output 6000 Hz.................................... 170
Gambar 4.25 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus Output 7000 Hz.................................... 171
Gambar 4.26 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus Output 8000 Hz.................................... 172
Gambar 4.27 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus Output 9000 Hz.................................... 173
Gambar 4.28 Modulasi Sinyal Sinus Output 10000 Hz.................................. 174
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Gambar 4.29 Perbandingan Frekuensi Input dan Output................................ 176
Gambar 5.1 Blok Diagram Pemancar FM Stereo......................................... 179
Gambar 5.2 Blok Diagram Radio Penerima M Stereo.................................. 182
Gambar 5.3 Rangkaian dan Frekuensi Respon LPF..................................... 184
Gambar 5.4 Rangkaian Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Sinyal R dan L...... 185
Gambar 5.5 Rangkaian dan Frekuensi Respon BPF..................................... 186
Gambar 5.6 Gelombang Sinus R................................................................... 194
Gambar 5.7 Gelombang Sinus L................................................................... 194
Gambar 5.8 Gelombang Sinus L+R.............................................................. 195
Gambar 5.9 Gelombang Sinus L – R............................................................ 195
Gambar 5.10 AMDSBSC................................................................................ 195
Gambar 5.11 Carrier 38 KHz.......................................................................... 196
Gambar 5.12 Subcarrier 19 KHz..................................................................... 196
Gambar 5.13 Linear Mixer.............................................................................. 196
Gambar 5.14 Gelombang Sinus R................................................................... 197
Gambar 5.15 Gelombang Sinus L................................................................... 197
Gambar 5.16 Gelombang Sinus L+R.............................................................. 197
Gambar 5.17 Gelombang Sinus L-R............................................................... 198
Gambar 5.18 AMDSBSC................................................................................ 198
Gambar 5.19 Carrier 38 KHz.......................................................................... 198
Gambar 5.20 Sub Carrier 19 KHz................................................................... 199
Gambar 5.21 Linear Mixer.............................................................................. 199
Gambar 5.22 Gelombang Kotak R.................................................................. 200
Gambar 5.23 Gelombang Kotak L.................................................................. 200
Gambar 5.24 Gelombang Kotak R+L............................................................. 200
Gambar 5.25 Gelombang Kotak R-L.............................................................. 201
Gambar 5.26 AMDSBSC................................................................................ 201
Gambar 5.27 Carrier 38 KHz.......................................................................... 201
Gambar 5.28 Subcarrier 19 KHz..................................................................... 202
Gambar 5.29 Linear Mixer.............................................................................. 202
Gambar 5.30 BPF 38 KHz.............................................................................. 203
Gambar 5.31 Gelombang LPF 15 KHz........................................................... 203
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Gambar 5.32 BPF 19 KHz.............................................................................. 204
Gambar 5.33 Gelombang Sinus BPF 38KHz.................................................. 205
Gambar 5.34 Gelombang Sinus LPF 15 KHz................................................. 205
Gambar 5.35 Gelombang Sinus BPF 19 KHz................................................. 205
Gambar 5.36 Gelombang Kotak BPF 38 KHz................................................ 206
Gambar 5.37 Gelombang Kotak LPF 15 KHz................................................ 206
Gambar 5.38 Gelombang Kotak BPF 19 KHz................................................ 206
Gambar 5.39 Gelombang Sinus Demultiplexer L+R...................................... 207
Gambar 5.40 Demultiplexer L-R.................................................................... 207
Gambar 5.41 Gelombang Sinus Demultiplexer L+R...................................... 208
Gambar 5.42 Demultiplexer L-R.................................................................... 208
Gambar 5.43 Gelombang Kotak Demultiplexer L+R..................................... 209
Gambar 5.44 Gelombang Kotak Demultiplexer L-R...................................... 209
Gambar 5.45 (a) Rangkaian Penjumlahan (L+R)........................................... 210
(b) Rangkaian Selisih (L-R)...................................................... 210
Gambar 5.46 Spektrum Sinyal FM Stereo...................................................... 210
Gambar 5.47 Gelombang L+R pada 2KHz..................................................... 211
Gambar 5.48 Gelombang L+R pada 3KHz..................................................... 211
Gambar 5.49 Gelombang L+R pada 3KHz..................................................... 212
Gambar 5.50 Gelombang L-R pada 2KHz...................................................... 213
Gambar 5.51 Gelombang L-R pada 3KHz...................................................... 213
Gambar 5.52 Gelombang L-R pada 3KHz...................................................... 214
Gambar 5.53 Spektrum AMDSBSC............................................................... 215
Gambar 5.54 Gelombang AMDSBSC Sinus 2KHz....................................... 216
Gambar 5.55 Gelombang AMDSBSC Sinus 3KHz....................................... 216
Gambar 5.56 Gelombang AMDSBSC Kotak 3KHz...................................... 216
Gambar 5.57 Grafik Sinus Linear Mixer 2 KHz............................................. 218
Gambar 5.58 Grafik Sinus Linear Mixer 3 KHz............................................. 218
Gambar 5.59 Grafik Kotak Linear Mixer 3 KHz............................................ 218
Gambar 5.60 Gelombang Sinus BPF 38 KHz................................................. 220
Gambar 5.61 Gelombang Sinus BPF 19 KHz................................................. 220
Gambar 5.62 Gelombang Sinus BPF 38 KHz................................................. 221
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Gambar 5.63 Gelombang Sinus BPF 19 KHz................................................. 221
Gambar 5.64 Gelombang Kotak BPF 38 KHz................................................ 221
Gambar 5.65 Gelombang Kotak BPF 19 KHz................................................ 222
Gambar 5.66 Rangkaian BPF.......................................................................... 222
Gambar 5.67 Grafik Ideal BPF....................................................................... 222
Gambar 5.68 Gelombang LPF 15KHz f=2000Hz.......................................... 223
Gambar 5.69 Gelombang Sinus LPF 15KHz f=3000Hz................................ 223
Gambar 5.70 Gelombang Kotak LPF 15KHz f=3000Hz................................ 224
Gambar 5.71 Rangkaian LPF.......................................................................... 225
Gambar 5.72 Grafik Ideal LPF....................................................................... 225
Gambar 6.1 Spektrum AM............................................................................ 228
Gambar 6.2 Pemancar AM Penguat Daya.................................................... 230
Gambar 6.3 Diagram Blok AM Transmitter Pada Percobaan...................... 230
Gambar 6.4 Rangkaian Diode Balance Modulator....................................... 233
Gambar 6.5 Rangkaian RF Amplifier........................................................... 233
Gambar 6.6 Spektrum FM............................................................................ 235
Gambar 6.7 Spectrum Analyzer.................................................................... 238
Gambar 6.8 Sinyal Keluaran Test Signal...................................................... 241
Gambar 6.9 Sinyal Keluaran Carrier Generator............................................ 241
Gambar 6.10 Sinyal Keluaran Audio Filter.................................................... 242
Gambar 6.11 Sinyal Keluaran Buffer............................................................. 242
Gambar 6.12 Sinyal Keluaran Balance Modulator......................................... 243
Gambar 6.13 Sinyal Keluaran RF Amplifier.................................................. 243
Gambar 6.14 Spektrum Balanced Modulator................................................. 244
Gambar 6.15 Spektrum RF Amplifier............................................................. 244
Gambar 6.16 Spektrum pada FM 90,2 MHz................................................... 245
Gambar 6.17 Spektrum pada FM 102,0 MHz................................................. 245
Gambar 6.18 Spektrum pada FM 101,6 MHz................................................. 246
Gambar 6.19 Spektrum pada FM 89,9 MHz................................................... 246
Gambar 6.20 Spektrum pada FM 90,5 MHz................................................... 247
Gambar 6.21 AM Transmitter......................................................................... 248
Gambar 6.22 Sinyal KeluaranTest Signal....................................................... 249
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Gambar 6.23 Gelombang Output Carrier Generator....................................... 251
Gambar 6.24 Sinyal Keluaran Audio Filter.................................................... 252
Gambar 6.25 Sinyal Keluaran Buffer............................................................. 254
Gambar 6.26 Sinyal Output Balance Modulator............................................. 256
Gambar 6.27 Sinyal Keluaran RF Amplifier.................................................. 258
Gambar 6.28 Spektrum AM............................................................................ 261
Gambar 6.29 Spektrum Balance Modulator................................................... 262
Gambar 6.30 Spektrum RF Amplifier............................................................. 263
Gambar 6.31 Spektrum pada FM 90,2 MHz................................................... 265
Gambar 6.32 Spektrum FM 102,0 MHz......................................................... 266
Gambar 6.33 Spektrum FM 101,6 MHz......................................................... 267
Gambar 6.34 Spektrum FM 89,8 MHz........................................................... 268
Gambar 6.35 Spektrum Radio FM 90,5 MHz................................................. 269
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2. 1 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Sinus........... 44
Tabel 2. 2 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Frekuensi Sinyal Sinus........ 45
Tabel 2. 3 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Amplitudo Sinyal................ 46
Tabel 2. 4 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Kotak.......... 48
Tabel 2. 5 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Frekuensi Kotak.................. 49
Tabel 2. 6 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Amplitudo Sinyal Kotak..... 49
Tabel 2. 7 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Segitiga....... 51
Tabel 2. 8 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Frekuensi Sinyal Segitiga. . . 52
Tabel 2. 9 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Amplitudo Sinyal Segitiga. . 52
Tabel 2. 10 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Pulse Duty
Cycle 25%................................................................................. 54
Tabel 2. 11 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Frekuensi Sinyal Pulse Duty
Cycle 25%................................................................................. 55
Tabel 2. 12 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Amplitudo Sinyal Pulse Duty
Cycle 25%................................................................................. 55
Tabel 2. 13 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Duty Cycle Sinyal Pulse..... 56
Tabel 2. 14 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Duty Cycle
50%........................................................................................... 58
Tabel 2. 15 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Frekuensi Sinyal Pulse Duty
Cycle 50%................................................................................. 59
Tabel 2. 16 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Amplitudo Sinyal Pulse Duty
Cycle 50%................................................................................. 59
Tabel 2. 17 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Duty Cycle 50%.................. 60
Tabel 2. 18 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Duty Cycle 75%.................. 62
Tabel 2. 19 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Duty Cycle 75%.................. 62
Tabel 2. 20 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Amplitudo Sinyal Pulse Duty
Cycle 75%................................................................................. 63
Tabel 2. 21 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Duty Cycle 75%.................. 63
Tabel 2. 22 Perbandingan Duty Cycle......................................................... 64
Tabel 2. 23 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Gergaji Ramp
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Down......................................................................................... 67
Tabel 2. 24 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Frekuensi Sinyal Gergaji Ramp
Down......................................................................................... 67
Tabel 2. 25 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Amplitudo Sinyal Gergaji
Ramp Down.............................................................................. 68
Tabel 2. 26 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Gergaji Ramp
Up.............................................................................................. 69
Tabel 2. 27 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Frekuensi Sinyal Gergaji Ramp
Up.............................................................................................. 70
Tabel 2. 28 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Amplitudo Sinyal Gergaji
Ramp Up................................................................................... 70
Tabel 2. 29 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Indeks Modulasi Sinyal AM
Sinus.......................................................................................... 72
Tabel 2. 30 Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Indeks Modulasi AM Sinyal
Kotak......................................................................................... 74
Tabel 2.31 Perbandingan Hasil Percobaan dengan Perhitungan................. 76
Tabel 2.32 Perbandingan Perhitungan dengan Percobaan.......................... 77
Tabel 4.1 Tabel Besel................................................................................ 148
Tabel 4.2 Percobaan Linearitas Modulator, Demodulator dan AFC......... 153
Tabel 4.3 Percobaan AGC......................................................................... 153
Tabel 4.4 Percobaan Modulasi Sinyal Sinus............................................. 154
Tabel 4.5 Data Percobaan Linearitas Modulator, Demodulator dan
AFC........................................................................................... 156
Tabel 4.6 Data Percobaan AGC................................................................ 162
Tabel 4.7 Perbandingan F (input-output) dengan T (ms)..........................175
Tabel 5.1 Data Percobaan Multiplexer...................................................... 194
Tabel 5.2 Data Percobaan BPF dan LPF................................................... 203
Tabel 5.3 Data Percobaan Demultiplexer................................................. 207
Tabel 5.4 Data Percobaan Multiplexer...................................................... 211
Tabel 5.5 Data Percobaan AMDSBSC..................................................... 215
Tabel 5.6 Data Percobaan Linier Mixer.................................................... 219
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Tabel 5.7 Perbandingan MPX dan DMPX................................................ 226
Tabel 6.1 Perbandingan V & f pada AM Transmitter............................... 260
Tabel 6.2 Perbandingan Spektrum Radio FM........................................... 270
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ABSTRAK
Pada era globalisasi ini, telekomunikasi memegan peranan penting dalam kehidupan. Teknik – teknik yang digunakan dalam penyampaian informasi pun semakin berkembang karena semakin lama dibutuhkan cara penyampaian informasi yang lebih cepat dan reliable. Informasi kini dapat disampaikan ke tempat yang jauh dalam waktu yang cepat dan tidak mengalami perubahan isi informasi yang ingin disampaikan. Oleh sebab itu sangat penting untuk mempelajari sistem – sistem yang digunakan dalam telekomunikasi ini sehingga Praktikum Dasar Sistem Telekomunikasi ini akan menjadi bekal yang penting bagi mahasiswa.
Dalam laporan ini akan dibahas mengenai laporan praktikum dasar sistem telekomunikasi yang telah dilakukan oleh penulis. Praktikum pertama membahas mengenai Analisa Spektrum Sinyal. Dalam praktikum ini penulis akan Mengamati dan menganalisis spektrum dari berbagai bentuk sinyal (sinus, kotak, segitiga, gigi gergaji). Praktikum kedua membahas mengenai Amplitudo Modulation. Pada praktikum ini penulis diarahkan untuk Memahami pembangkitan, pendeteksian, bentuk, dan spektrum sinyal -sinyal AM (AMDSBFC dan AMDSBSC). Praktikum ketiga membahas mengenai Frequency Modulation. Praktikum ini bertujuan untuk Memahami pembangkitan dan pendeteksian sinyal FM. Praktikum keempat adalah MPX FM Stereo dengan FDM. Pada praktikum ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengolahan sinyal – sinyal audio stereo menjadi sinyal yang siap dipancarkan. Praktikum kelima adalah Spektrum AM dan FM. Pada praktikum ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengamati serta mempelajari spektrum AM dan FM.
Praktikum Dasar Sistem Telekomunikasi 2012 ini merupakan suatu pembekalan awal untuk mempelajari mengenai sistem telekomunikasi lebih lanjut. Diharapkan setelah praktikum ini para praktikan dapat lebih menguasai dasar – dasar yang digunakan dalam sistem telekomunikasi.
Kata Kunci : praktikum dasar sistem telekomunikasi, sinyal, modulasi, Amplitudo, Frequency, AM, FM, Multiplexer, FDM, Spektrum.
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