TAHUN 4, TAHUN 5, TAHUN 6

SAINS

PETA MINDA

MENYIASATMENYIASATALAM ALAM

KEHIDUPANKEHIDUPAN

MENYIASATMENYIASATBUMI DAN BUMI DAN

ALAM ALAM SEMESTASEMESTA

MENYIASATMENYIASATDUNIA DUNIA

TEKNOLOGITEKNOLOGI

MENYIASATMENYIASATALAM ALAM

BAHANBAHANMENYIASATMENYIASAT

ALAM ALAM FIZIKALFIZIKAL

MENYIASAT BENDA HIDUP

1. Benda Hidup Mempunyai Keperluan Asas2. Benda Hidup Menjalani Proses Hidup3. Haiwan Dan Tumbuhan Melindungi Diri

Keperluan Asas Manusia

MakananMakanan

Tempat perlindungan

Tempat perlindungan

UdaraUdara

AirAir

Bernafas

Melindungi dari• bahaya• sinaran matahari• hujan

Membekal tenagaTumbesaran

Kekal sihat

Minum

Tumbesaran

Kekal sihat

1.1 Memahami manusia mempunyai keperluan asas

Keperluan Asas Haiwan

MakananMakanan

HabitatHabitat

UdaraUdara

AirAir

Bernafas

Melindungi diri• bahaya• sinaran matahari• hujan

Membekal tenagaTumbesaran

Kekal sihat

Minum

Tumbesaran

Kekal sihat

1.2 Memahami haiwan memerlukan keperluan asas

jenis :• lubang• gua• sarang

Keperluan Asas Tumbuhan Keperluan Asas Tumbuhan

UdaraUdara Cahaya matahariCahaya matahariAirAir

Ada Keperluan Asas :• Tumbesaran sihat• Tumbesaran baik• Tidak layu

Tiada Keperluan Asas• Layu• Kekuningan• Mati

1.3 Memahami tumbuhan memerlukan keperluan asas

2.1 Menganalisa proses-proses hidup manusia

Menganalisa Proses-Proses Hidup ManusiaGerakbalasGerakbalas

PernafasanPernafasan

PembiakanPembiakan

Organ

Tarik nafas – udara disedut

Hembus nafas – udara dihembus

Hidung/Mulut Saluran udara Paru-paru

Proses melahirkan anak

Kadar pernafasan

Jumlah pergerakan dada pada sesuatu masa

Organ

Mata - lihat

Hidung - hidu

Lidah - rasa

Telinga - dengar

Kulit - sentuh

PerkumuhanPerkumuhan NyahtinjaNyahtinja

Paru-paru( Karbon Dioksidsa+ Wap Air)

Buah Pinggang( air kencing + garam mineral )

Skin ( peluh + garam mineral)

Najis

Tujuan :• elak bahaya• elak kecederaan• elak kemalangan• untuk hidup

2.2 Menyedari tentang sesetengah perlakuan boleh mengganggu proses hidup

Tabiat yang mendatangkan bahaya terhadap proses hidup

Merokok Mengambil DadahMinum

minuman keras

Akibatnya• kanser paru-paru• batuk

Akibatnya• gerak balas yang lambat terhadap stimuli• terhoyong-hayang• boleh menyebabkan kemalangan

How to avoidHow to avoid

Menyertai kempen

Tidak menggalakkan tabiat dalam kalangan Rakan sebaya

2.3 Menganalisis proses hidup haiwan

Proses hidup haiwan

BernafasBernafasBerkumuhBerkumuh MembiakMembiak

BertelurBertelur BeranakBeranakOrgan

Paru-paru• kera• burung• ikan paus

Insang• ikan• udang

“book lung”• ketam

Kulit lembap• katak• cacing tanah

Struktur trakea• belalang

NyahtinjaNyahtinja

Mengeluarkan bahan buangan dari badan

kucingharimaukelawarIkan paus

ular

burung

Proses-proses

hidup tumbuhan

Tumbuhan bergerakbalasterhadap rangsangan

air, cahaya matahari, sentuhan,

Graviti.

Kenapa tumbuhan membiak?

Untuk memastikan kemandirian spesies

Pelbagai cara tumbuhan membiakMelalui biji , spora,, sulur, keratan batang, daunBatang bawah tanah

Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku

kalau tumbuhan tidak membiak

Tiada bekalan makanan Pembiakan tumbuhan

biji– balsam, jagung, durianspora– paku-pakis, cendawansulur – pisang, nanasKeratan batang – ubi kayu, bunga rayadaun– begonia, setawarBatang bawah tanah – halia,, keledek

Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas

terhadap cahaya mataharii

pucuk

Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas

terhadap graviti

akar

Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap air

akar

2.4 Memahami proses-proses hidup tumbuhan

Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalasterhadap sentuhan

Ciri-ciri khas haiwan melindungi dirinya daripada bahaya/musuh

Tabiat haiwan melindungi dirinya daripada bahaya /musuh

Kulit yang keras dan tebalMelindungi dirinya daripada tercedera

Badak dan gajah

Kulit yang keras dan tebalMelindungi dirinya daripada tercedera

Badak dan gajah

Cengkerang kerasSiput dan kura-kura memasukkan dirinya Kedalam cengkerang apabila ada bahaya

Cengkerang kerasSiput dan kura-kura memasukkan dirinya Kedalam cengkerang apabila ada bahaya

Sisik kerasTenggiling dan buaya mempunyai sisik

Keras untuk melindunginya daripada bahaya

Sisik kerasTenggiling dan buaya mempunyai sisik

Keras untuk melindunginya daripada bahaya

Bulu deduriMengembangkan bulu dedurinya apabila

diserang musuhlandak

Bulu deduriMengembangkan bulu dedurinya apabila

diserang musuhlandak

TandukMenggunakan tanduk untuk menyerang musuh

Kambing dan rusa

TandukMenggunakan tanduk untuk menyerang musuh

Kambing dan rusa

Kuku yang tajamMelindungi dirinya daripada musuh

bears, eagle, cat, singa

Kuku yang tajamMelindungi dirinya daripada musuh

bears, eagle, cat, singa

MenggulungTenggiling menggulung dirinya apabila ada

bahaya/musuh cth: tenggiling, ulat gonggok

MenggulungTenggiling menggulung dirinya apabila ada

bahaya/musuh cth: tenggiling, ulat gonggok

Semburan cecair hitamMenghadkan penglihatan musuh

Cth: sotong

Semburan cecair hitamMenghadkan penglihatan musuh

Cth: sotong

CamouflageBertukar warna kulit mengikut persekitaran

Sesumpah dan kuda belang

CamouflageBertukar warna kulit mengikut persekitaran

Sesumpah dan kuda belang

Tabiat pura-pura matiUntuk menipu musuh Cth: kumbang tanduk

Tabiat pura-pura matiUntuk menipu musuh Cth: kumbang tanduk

3.1 memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat bagi melindungi diri daripada bahaya/musuh.

Haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan

tabiat melindungi dirinya daripada

cuaca melampau dan membenarkan

mereka bermandiri

Cuaca panas Cuaca panas

Cuaca sejuk Cuaca sejuk

Kulit Berkedutgajah, badak dan kerbau

Kehilangan haba melalui kulit berkedut

Kulit Berkedutgajah, badak dan kerbau

Kehilangan haba melalui kulit berkedut

Berkubanggajah, badak dan kerbau

menyejukkan badan dengan berkubangdalam lumpur

Berkubanggajah, badak dan kerbau

menyejukkan badan dengan berkubangdalam lumpur

BonggolUnta menyimpan makanan dan air dalam

bentuk lemak di dalam bonggolnya

BonggolUnta menyimpan makanan dan air dalam

bentuk lemak di dalam bonggolnya

Bulu tebalBeruang kutub mempunyai bulu tebal untuk

mengelakkan kehilangan haba kepada persekitaran sejuk

Bulu tebalBeruang kutub mempunyai bulu tebal untuk

mengelakkan kehilangan haba kepada persekitaran sejuk

Lapisan lemakPenguin, anjing laut dan ikan paus mempunyai

lapisan lemak di bawah kulit untuk mengekal haba badan

Lapisan lemakPenguin, anjing laut dan ikan paus mempunyai

lapisan lemak di bawah kulit untuk mengekal haba badan

Telinga kecilAnjing laut dan singa laut mempunyai telinga kecil

untuk menhalang kehilangan haba badan

Telinga kecilAnjing laut dan singa laut mempunyai telinga kecil

untuk menhalang kehilangan haba badan

HibernateBeruang kutub tidur semusim bagi mengekang

hilangnya haba badan musim sejuk

HibernateBeruang kutub tidur semusim bagi mengekang

hilangnya haba badan musim sejuk

3.2. Memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat melindungi dirinya daripada cuaca yang melampau

3.3. Memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat yang membenarkan mereka bermandiri

Ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungidiri daripada musuh

Ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungidiri daripada musuh

Ciri-ciri yang

melindungi

tumbuhan

Ciri-ciri yang

melindungi

tumbuhan Duri

Beracun

Bulu halus

Menghasilkan getah

Menutup anak daun bila disentuh

3.4. Memahami tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri daripada musuh

Kawasan berangin kuat

Kawasan berangin kuat

Kawasan keringKawasan kering

cth : kaktus

a. Akar tunjang untuk menyerap airb. Batang sukulen yang boleh

menyimpan airc. Duri mengurangkan kehilangan

air pada tumbuhan

a. Akar tunjang untuk menyerap airb. Batang sukulen yang boleh

menyimpan airc. Duri mengurangkan kehilangan

air pada tumbuhan

cth: pokok kelapa, buluh, pokok bakau

a. Batang yang mudah melentur b. Mempunyai akar baniirc. Dedaun tirus/berpisahd. Dedaun jarum

a. Batang yang mudah melentur b. Mempunyai akar baniirc. Dedaun tirus/berpisahd. Dedaun jarum

3.5. Memahami tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri daripada kawasan kering dan angin kuat

Ciri-ciri khas

MENYIASATDAYA DAN TENAGA

1. Ukuran

1.3 Isipadu pepejal 1.3 Isipadu pepejal

1.1 Panjang1.1 Panjang

1.2 Luas1.2 Luas

1.5 Jisim1.5 Jisim

1.6 Masa1.6 Masa

1.7 Unit Piawai1.7 Unit Piawai

1. Ukuran

1.4 Isipadu cecair

1.4 Isipadu cecair

UKURAN

Panjang

Terminologi

Jarak di antara dua titik/ tempat/ kedudukan Pelbagai cara

ukuran

Pita ukur

jengkal

depa tali

pembaris

Alat piawai

Pita ukur pembaris

Unit

mm cm m km

Teknik yang betul

Fokus penglihatan hendaklah selari dengan hujung objek

1.1. Memahami ukuran panjang

Luas

Luas adalah jumlah ruang yang diliputi oleh sesuatu objek

Terminologi

Menggunakan kad segiempat sama 1 centimetre

Unit Piawai

- Millimetre persegi (mm2)- Centimetre persegi (cm2)- Metre persegi (m2)- Kilometre persegi (km2)

- Menggunakan formula

Luas =panjang X lebar1cm

1cm

Pelbagai cara mengukur luas

2cm

4cm

= 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm2

3cm

3cm

Meletakkan objekseragam seperti jubin, buku dan setemdi ataspermukaan sesuatuobjek

1.2. Memahami cara mengukur luas

Isipadu

Terminologi

Jumlah ruang yang dipenuhi/diliputi oleh pepejal/cecair.

1.3 Pepejal

1.4 CecairFormula

panjang x lebar x tinggi

Unit Piawai

mm3 , cm3, m3

Alat

Unit Piawai

Silinder penyukat

ml, lTeknik yang betul

a) Ambil bacaan ukuran pada aras bawah meniskusb) Aras mata hendaklah pada aras bawah meniskus.

1.3. Memahami cara menyukat isipadu pepejal

1.4. Memahami cara menyukat isipadu cecair

Jisim

Terminologi

Amaun jirim terkandung dalam sesuatu objek

AlatNeraca Elektronik

Neraca Spring

Neraca Palang Dacing

Neraca mikro

Neraca Tuas

Unit Piawai

mg g kg

Teknik mengukur

1.5. Memahami cara mengukur jisim

MasaTerminologi

Julat waktu di antara dua peristiwa

Cara mengukur

sundial , sand clock , candle clock

Proses ulangan seragam sesuatu peristiwa boleh mengukur masa

-Ayunan bandul

-Kadar nadi

- lilin yang menyala

-Titisan air

-Pertukaran siang dan malam

-Ayunan bandul

-Kadar nadi

- lilin yang menyala

-Titisan air

-Pertukaran siang dan malam

Alat

Unit Piawai

saat , minit , jam

Jam Dinding , Jam Tangan

Jam Randik, Jam digital

Old clock

Pelbagai cara yang boleh mengukur masa

1.6. Memahami cara mengukur masa

Memudahkan komunikasi dan

pemahaman

Memudahkan komunikasi dan

pemahaman

untuk ketepatan dan ketekalan

untuk ketepatan dan ketekalan

Kepentingan Unit Piawai Kepentingan Unit Piawai

1.7. Kesedaran kepentingan menggunakan unit piawai

MENYIASAT BAHAN

1. Memahami sifat bahan

Sifat BahanSifat Bahan

Penebat

Terapung di atas air

Pengalir elektrik

logam

Mengalir habaTenggelam di dalam air

Membenarkan cahaya melaluinya

Boleh diregang

kayu

batu Gelang getah

kaca karbon plastik

logamkayu

1.1. Memahami sifat bahan

CARA-CARA MENYIMPAN OBJEK

PANASPANAS

Dilitupi dengan bahan penebateg. sabut, habuk kayu, polistirena

SEJUKSEJUK

objek panas objek sejuk

Menghalang pembebasan haba

Menghalang penyerapan haba

1.2. Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan tentang sifat bahan dalam kehidupan seharian.

BahanBahan

Senarai objek dan bahan berdasarkan bahan apa

Ia diperbuat.

Senarai objek dan bahan berdasarkan bahan apa

Ia diperbuat.

objek bahan sifat

pisau logam keras

Kertas tisu

kayu lembut

Cermin kereta

kaca Lut sinar

Kenapa bahan tertentu digunakan untuk membuat sesuatu objek

Kenapa bahan tertentu digunakan untuk membuat sesuatu objek

Murah

Mudah diperolehi

Kuat/kukuh

Berkualiti tinggi

1.3. Mensintesis pengetahuan mengenai penggunaan bahan berdasarkan sifat bahan

Bahan semulajadiBahan semulajadi Bahan buatan manusia

Bahan buatan manusia

kayukayu logamlogam getahgetahkapaskapas plastikplastik kain tiruankain tiruannilonnilon

Mengurangkanpenggunaan

Menggunasemula

Mengitar semula

kertas beg plastik botol plastik kaca

Jenis BahanJenis Bahan

Mengguna semula, Mengurangkan penggunaan dan Mengitar semula bahan

1.4. Mengetahui kepentingan mengguna semula bahan, mengurangkan penggunaan bahan dan mengitar semula bahan

BAHAN

Objek berkarat Objek berkarat Objek tidak berkarat

Objek diperbuat daripada logam dan keluli

Objek diperbuat daripadakayu, kapas, getah, kulit

kaca dan sutera

*paku*sudu*pisau*jarum kapak

*gelas*botol*cawan*pensil pembaris

1.5. Memahami bahawa sesetengah bahan boleh berkarat

Pengaratan

Pelbagai cara mencegah pengaratan

Pelbagai cara mencegah pengaratan

* Menyalut dengan bahan tidak berkarat* cat* minyak* gris

Pentingnya mencegah pengaratan

Pentingnya mencegah pengaratan

*jangka hayat yang panjang*memulihara bahan semulajadi*menjimatkan kos*cantik dipandang/ menawan

*Kesimpulan; Pengaratan dapat dicegah dengan mengelakkan logam terdedah kepada air dan udara

1.6. Memahami bahawa pengaratan boleh dicegah.

MENYIASAT BUMI DAN ALAM SEMESTA

1. SISTEM SURIA

Sistem SuriaSistem Suria

Senarai ahliSenarai urutan

planetSenarai urutan

planet

Planet bergerak mengelilingi Matahari

-8 planet-Satelit semulajadi-Meteor-Komet-Asteroid

akronim:Utarid …ustazahZuhrah …zuraidahBumi … bungkusMarikh …makananMusytari …masaZuhal …zuhurUranus …untukNeptun …nenek

1.1. Memahami Sistem Suria

Saiz dan Jarak relatif

Saiz dan Jarak relatif

Saiz relatif Matahari dengan saiz Bumi Saiz relatif Bumi

dengan saiz Bulan

Jarak relatif Bumi ke Matahari berbanding jarak relatif dari Bumi

ke Bulan

Matahari

1

Bumi

100Bumi

1

Bulan

4

Matahari

Bumi Bulan

150 000 000 km 382 500 km

1 : 400

1.2. Memahami saiz dan jarak relatif antara Bumi, Bulan dan Matahari

Bumi dalam

Sistem Suria

Bumi dalam

Sistem Suria

Menyatakan sebab sesetengah planet tidak

kondusif untuk benda hidup

Menyatakan sebab sesetengah planet tidak

kondusif untuk benda hidup

KESANBumi adalah satu-satunya planet dalam Sistem Suria

yang boleh menampunghidupan

Bumi adalah satu-satunya planet dalam Sistem Suria

yang boleh menampunghidupan

•Lebih dekat jarak planet daripada Matahari semakin panas permukaannya .

.Lebih jauh jarak planet daripada Matahari semakin sejuk permukaannya

•Ketiadaan air dan udara.

•Bumi adalah planet berkedudukan ke-3 dari Matahari•Menerima cahaya dan haba yang cukup dari Matahari•Bumi mempunyai keupayaan menampung kehidupan•Atmosfera Bumi mengandungi udara•Terdapat air di Bumi

Lebih dekat : •Suhu di atas muka Bumi semakin tinggi.•Berlaku sejatan air di permukaan Bumi•Ketiadaan air menyebabkan suhu tinggiLebih jauh :•Suhu di atas muka Bumi semakin rendah.•Air membeku membentuk ais•Payah menampung kehidupan

1.3. Menghargai kesempurnaan kedudukan planet Bumi dalam Sistem Suria

MENYIASAT TEKNOLOGI

1. TEKNOLOGI

1.1.Memahami kepentingan teknologi dalam kehidupan harian.1.1.Memahami kepentingan teknologi dalam kehidupan harian.

Had keupayaan manusia dalam membuat sesuatuHad keupayaan manusia dalam membuat sesuatu

Contoh had keupayaan• tidak berupaya melihat objek seni• tidak berupaya bercakap kuat• tidak berupaya berjalan jauh• tidak berupaya melihat objek jarak jauh

Contoh had keupayaan• tidak berupaya melihat objek seni• tidak berupaya bercakap kuat• tidak berupaya berjalan jauh• tidak berupaya melihat objek jarak jauh

Alat untuk mengatasi had keupayaan manusia

Alat untuk mengatasi had keupayaan manusia

Mikroskop- Penggunaan kanta unutk melihat objek seni dan mikrobMikrofon- Meningkatkan kelangsingan suaraTelefon- Untuk berkomunikasi jarak jauhKenderaan- Memudahkan perjalanan jarak jauh dalam masa singkatTeleskop, Binokular- Untuk melihat objek jauh

Mikroskop- Penggunaan kanta unutk melihat objek seni dan mikrobMikrofon- Meningkatkan kelangsingan suaraTelefon- Untuk berkomunikasi jarak jauhKenderaan- Memudahkan perjalanan jarak jauh dalam masa singkatTeleskop, Binokular- Untuk melihat objek jauh

Pengangkutan

Darat: haiwan basikal kereta keretapi

Udara : belon udara panas kapal udara peluncur

kapal terbang roket

Air : kanu rakit sampan feri kapal

Komunikasi

asap burung merpati telegraf telefon

Pembinaan

gua pondok rumah kayu apartmen

Perkembanganteknologi

(contoh)

Perkembanganteknologi

(contoh)

1.2. Memahami perkembangan teknologi1.2. Memahami perkembangan teknologi

Pertanian

tajak bajak jentera jentuai

Senarai cabaran yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan

harian

Senarai cabaran yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan

harian

Idea untuk mengatasi cabaran yang telah dikenal pasti

Alatan untuk mengatasi cabaran

Tunjuk cara alatan yang telah dicipta untuk mengatasi cabaran

Teknologi digunakan untuk

mengatasi cabaran

Tidak mampu mengangkat dan menggerak beban yang berat

Tidak mampu bergerak jauh

Lakaran model

sumbangsaran

. takal .kereta sorong

Takal –mengangkat beban dari aras rendah ke aras tinggi dengan senang

Kereta sorong – memindah beban dengan mudah

1.3 . Mensintesis cara teknologi digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah1.3 . Mensintesis cara teknologi digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah

1.4. Menganalisa teknologi memberi manfaat kepada manusia sejagat jika digunakan secara bijaksana.1.4. Menganalisa teknologi memberi manfaat kepada manusia sejagat jika digunakan secara bijaksana.

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

•KOMUNIKASIMembolehkan manusia

mempelajari dan mengetahui banyak perkara dalam dunia

•PENGANGKUTANMembolehkan manusia bergerak

jauh dalam masa yang singkat•PERTANIAN

Mesin membantu dan memudahkan menanam dan menuai tanaman

•PEMBINAANMemudah dan mempercepatkan

pembinaan jalan, jambatan dan bangunan

•KOMUNIKASIMembolehkan manusia

mempelajari dan mengetahui banyak perkara dalam dunia

•PENGANGKUTANMembolehkan manusia bergerak

jauh dalam masa yang singkat•PERTANIAN

Mesin membantu dan memudahkan menanam dan menuai tanaman

•PEMBINAANMemudah dan mempercepatkan

pembinaan jalan, jambatan dan bangunan

Bahan buangan yang bertambah mengakibatkan pencemaran alam sekitar

Penggunaan bahan sumber semulajadiyang berleluasa menyebabkan

kemusnahan alam sekitar

Penggunaan alatan berteknologi yang kurang bijaksana dan tidak terkawal

menimbulkan Masalah Sosial

Pencemaran alam sekitar dan penggunaan bahan kimia yang keterlaluan

mengakibatkan kesan buruk terhadap kesihatan

Bahan buangan yang bertambah mengakibatkan pencemaran alam sekitar

Penggunaan bahan sumber semulajadiyang berleluasa menyebabkan

kemusnahan alam sekitar

Penggunaan alatan berteknologi yang kurang bijaksana dan tidak terkawal

menimbulkan Masalah Sosial

Pencemaran alam sekitar dan penggunaan bahan kimia yang keterlaluan

mengakibatkan kesan buruk terhadap kesihatan

TEKNOLOGIAdvantagesAdvantages

MENYIASATMENYIASAT

ALAMALAMKEHIDUPAKEHIDUPA

NN

MENYIASATMENYIASAT

BUMI DAN BUMI DAN ALAM ALAM

SEMESTASEMESTA

MENYIASATMENYIASAT

TEKNOLOTEKNOLOGIGI

MENYIASATMENYIASAT

ALAM ALAM BAHANBAHAN

MENYIASATMENYIASAT

DAYA DAYA DAN DAN

TENAGATENAGA

7

MENYIASATALAM KEHIDUPAN

1. MIKROORGANISMA2. KEMANDIRIAN SPESIES

1.1 Memahami bahawa mikroorganisma adalah benda hidup1.1 Memahami bahawa mikroorganisma adalah benda hidup

MikroorganismaMikroorganisma

BakteriaBakteria KulatKulat ProtozoaProtozoa VirusVirus

Tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata

kasar

BertumbuhBergerakBernafas

Ciri-ciri

1.2. Memahami tentang mikroorganisma yang berguna dan berbahaya1.2. Memahami tentang mikroorganisma yang berguna dan berbahaya

Mikroorganisma berguna dan berbahaya

Mikroorganisma berguna dan berbahaya

BergunaBerguna BerbahayaBerbahaya

Boleh menyebabkan

Demam Keracunanmakanan

Makananbasi

Pereputangigi

Membuat roti/Tapai tempe/baja

PencegahanPencegahan

PenyakitPenyakit

sakit perut

bisul

pereputan gigi

beguk

Membasuhtangan

Meminum air yangdimasak

Menutup mulut dan hidung apabila batuk atau bersin

Kemandirian spesies haiwan

Kemandirian spesies haiwan

Haiwan melindungi telur atau anak daripada dimakan oleh pemangsa

Bagaimana haiwan menjamin kemandirian spesiesnyaBagaimana haiwan menjamin kemandirian spesiesnya

Sesetengah haiwan melindungitelurnya atau menjaga anaknya; ada juga haiwan yang tidak berbuat demikian

Burung – bersarang di tempat yang tinggiKatak – telur banyak dan dilitupi lapisan lendirLelabah – menyimpan anak dalam kerandut di bawah badannyaIkan – menyimpan anak di dalam mulutnyaHarimau - menyerang pemangsa untuk melindungi anaknya Penyu – bertelur banyak dan menimbus telurnya dalam pasirKangaru – membawa anaknya dalam kantung badannya Gajah - sentiasa berada dalam kawanan

2.1. Memahami haiwan berlainan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies2.1. Memahami haiwan berlainan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies

Kemandirian spesies

tumbuhan

Air

Mekanisme

letupan

Angin

Haiwan

• ringan

• lompang udara dalam

buah

• kalis air

• ringan

• bersaiz kecil

• bersayap

• kering bila masak

• meletup bila matang

• berwarna cerah

• boleh dimakan

• berbau

• mempunyai onak

• kelapa

• teratai

• engkabang

• Angsana

• Lalang

• buah getah

• buah balsam

• Chestnut

• Rambutan

• Mangga

• Love grass

• Mimosa

Agen pencaranAgen pencaran Ciri-ciri istimewaCiri-ciri istimewa Contoh

2.2. Memahami pelbagai tumbuhan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies2.2. Memahami pelbagai tumbuhan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies

Consequencesof

animals and plants

become extinct

Consequencesof

animals and plants

become extinct

Importance

shortage of food resource

animals and plants species may face extinction

2.3. Realising the importance of survival of their species2.3. Realising the importance of survival of their species

Food ChainFood Chain

Animals and the food they eat

Animals and the food they eat

Classify animals into herbivore, carnivore

and omnivore

Classify animals into herbivore, carnivore

and omnivoreProducer Producer Consumer Consumer Construct food chainConstruct food chain

Green plant obtain energy from

the sun to make food.

GreenPlant as a producer

Herbivore :Animals that eat plants only.

e.g.: cow, goat, deer

Carnivore:Animals that eat other animals.

e.g.: tiger, lion

Omnivore:Animals that eat plants and

other animals

Animals that eat plantor other animals

are called consumers.

The food relationshipamong living things

can be shown bya food chain.

To construct food chain It must start

with plant as a producer.

In a food chainthe arrow

means ‘eaten by’

All living things need food to survive.

Green plant can make theirown food.

However animals cannot make their own food

3.1. Understanding food chain 3.1. Understanding food chain

Synthesizing food chain to construct food web

Food webFood web What will happen

If there is a change in population of a certainspecies in a food web ?

What will happen

If there is a change in population of a certainspecies in a food web ?

Food web of different habitatsFood web of different habitats

What will happento a certain species

of animals if they

eat only one typeof food ?

What will happento a certain species

of animals if they

eat only one typeof food ?

Paddy field

garden

A change in the populationof a certain species

will effect the population of other species

They will face difficultyto survive – if the

source of food runs out

3.2. Synthesizing food chain to construct food web3.2. Synthesizing food chain to construct food web

7INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

The Uses of Energy

Why energy is needed?

- for living things to carry out life processes. Eg.: moving, breathing, growing

- for living things to carry out life processes. Eg.: moving, breathing, growing

The Sources of Energy

Sun

- main source of energy- produces light and heat- main source of energy- produces light and heat

Food

- food contains stored energy- food contains stored energy

Wind

-Moving air-Used to pump water, drive small sawmills

-Moving air-Used to pump water, drive small sawmills

- to move, boil, melt, or bounce non-living things

FuelBatteries

- wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas

- device that generated electrical energy from chemical energy

- device that generated electrical energy from chemical energy

Water

- moving or falling water produce energy

- moving or falling water produce energy

1.1. Understanding the uses of energy1.1. Understanding the uses of energy

Energy can be transformed from one form to another

Form of energySound energy

Heat energy

Light energy Electrical energy Kinetic energy

Chemical energy

Potential energy

Energy can betransformed

a) lighting a candle Chemical energy → heat energy + light energy

b) Kicking a ball Chemical energy → kinetic energy

Example of appliance that make use of energy transform

a) Electric iron Electrical energy → heat energy

b) Radio Electrical energy → sound energy

c) Television Electrical energy → sound energy + light energy

1.2. Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another1.2. Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another

Renewable and non-renewable

energy

Renewable energy

Energy that cannot be replenished

Resources –solar, wind,biomass fuel,water

Non-renewable energy

Energy that can be replenished when it is used up

Resources –natural gas,petroleum,coal

Why use energy wiselyHow to use energy wisely

Some energyresources cannotbe replenishedwhen used up

To savecost

Avoid wastage

Reducepollution

Turn off thetelevision whenno one iswatching it

Switch off thelights beforeleavingthe room

1.3. Understanding renewable and non-renewable energy1.3. Understanding renewable and non-renewable energy

Electricity SourcesDry cellDry cell

AccumulatorAccumulator

DynamoDynamo

Solar cellSolar cell

Types of circuitsTypes of circuits

Name Symbol

Dry cell

Connecting wire

Switch

Bulb

Symbols and componentsParallel circuit Series circuit

Differences

The bulb in the parallel circuit is brighter than the bulb in the series circuit

2.1. Knowing the sources of electricity2.1. Knowing the sources of electricity

2.2. Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit2.2. Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit

PRECAUTIONSPRECAUTIONS

Danger of mishandling electrical appliances

Fire Burn Electric shock Electrocution

Safety precautions to be taken when using appliances

Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hand

Do not repair electrical appliances on your own

2.3. Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electrical appliances2.3. Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electrical appliances

Light

Can be reflected

Reflection of light

Side mirror of a car

Periscope Kaleidoscope

Travels in a straight lineTravels in a straight line

How shadow is formed

How shadow is formed

When light is completely or

partially blocked by an opaque object

When light is completely or

partially blocked by an opaque object

The light that falls on objects ‘bounces off’ the objects and comes to your eyes

mirror

3.1. Understanding that light travels in a straight line3.1. Understanding that light travels in a straight line

3.2. Understanding that light can be reflected3.2. Understanding that light can be reflected

Uses of reflection

How ?

Heat

Gain heat Loss heatLoss heat

CoolerCoolerWarmer

Measure temperature using the correct technique

Measure temperature using the correct technique

The effects of heat on matterThe effects of heat on matter

Matter expands when heated

Matter contracts when cooled

4.1. Understanding that temperature is an indicator of degree of hotness4.1. Understanding that temperature is an indicator of degree of hotness

4.2. Understanding the effects of heat on matter4.2. Understanding the effects of heat on matter

7INVESTIGATING MATERIALS

1.1. Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas

has mass

SOLID LIQUID GAS

fixed volume

fixed shape

has mass

no permanent shape

fixed volume

no fixed shape

has mass

no fixed volume

can be compressed

1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas

solidsolid liquid gas

watermilk

airsteam

woodstone

Changing states

of water

Changing states

of water

gas - liquidgas - liquid

liquid - solidliquid - solid

liquid - gasliquid - gas

solid - liquidsolid - liquid melting

Affected by windy and hot weather

evaporation

condensation

Freezing

1.2 . Understanding that matter can change from one state to another1.2 . Understanding that matter can change from one state to another

WATER CYCLEWATER CYCLEWATER CYCLEWATER CYCLE

Circulation of water in Circulation of water in the environmentthe environment

Circulation of water in Circulation of water in the environmentthe environment

Formation of clouds Formation of clouds and rainand rainFormation of clouds Formation of clouds and rainand rainImportance of waterImportance of waterImportance of waterImportance of water

Changes in the states of Changes in the states of matter in the water cyclematter in the water cycle

Liquid to gas (Liquid to gas (evaporationevaporation))Droplets of water will Droplets of water will become bigger andbecome bigger and heavier →heavier → rain

evaporation

condensation

sea

Gas → liquid Gas → liquid (Condensation) (Condensation)

1.3 . Understanding the water cycle1.3 . Understanding the water cycle

Appreciating the importance Appreciating the importance

of water resourcesof water resources

Appreciating the importance Appreciating the importance

of water resourcesof water resources

To prevent living aquatic from being To prevent living aquatic from being destroyed and undergoing extinctiondestroyed and undergoing extinction

Reasons to keep our Reasons to keep our water resources clean. water resources clean. Reasons to keep our Reasons to keep our water resources clean. water resources clean.

To ensure the cleanliness To ensure the cleanliness of water supplyof water supply

To regulate To regulate the formation of the formation of clouds and rainclouds and rain

To avoid infected To avoid infected diseasesdiseases

Ways to keep our water Ways to keep our water resources clean resources clean

Keep the rivers cleanKeep the rivers clean Cleanliness campaignCleanliness campaign

1.4. Appreciating the importance of water resources1.4. Appreciating the importance of water resources

PROPERTIESPROPERTIES

tastetasteusing using litmus paper litmus paper to identifyto identify

Properties of acidic, alkaline Properties of acidic, alkaline and neutral substancesand neutral substancesChanges in colour Changes in colour

of litmus papersof litmus papers

blue to redblue to red red to bluered to blue

no changeno change

bitterbittersoursour

ALKALIALKALIACIDACID

NEUTRALNEUTRALSUBSTANCESSUBSTANCES

•Taste bitter Taste bitter •Change red litmus Change red litmus paper bluepaper blue

•Taste sour Taste sour •change blue litmus change blue litmus paper redpaper red

Other tastes – salty / sweetOther tastes – salty / sweetno changes in litmus paperno changes in litmus paper

acidacid alkalinealkaline

neutralneutral

2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances

acidacidalkalinealkaline

7

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE

Show directions

Indicates Seasons

A group of stars that form a

certain pattern in the sky

A group of stars that form a

certain pattern in the sky

Importance of constellation

Importance of constellation

Identify constellation

What constellation

Is ?

1.1. Understanding the constellation1.1. Understanding the constellation

Big Dipper

ScorpionOrion

Southern Cross

North

North

South Kite or Cross Scorpion

Hunter

Laddle

south

planting harvestingdesert sea

Earth rotates on it axis

Earth rotates and at the same time

moves around the Sun

Moon rotates on it axis

Moon rotates and at the same time moves around the Earth

The Moon and the Earth move

round the Sun at the same time

The earth rotates on its axis from west to east

The changes in length and position

of the shadow throughout the day

2.1. understanding the movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun2.1. understanding the movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun

The occurrence of

day and night

The occurrence of

day and night

It is day time for the part of the Earth facing the Sun

It is night time for the part of the Earth facing

away from the Sun

Day and night occurdue to the rotation of the Earth

on its axis

the Sun the Earth

night-timenight-time

daytimedaytime

axisaxis

westwest easteast

2.2. Understanding the occurrence of day and night2.2. Understanding the occurrence of day and night

Phases of the Moon

1-New moon, 3- New half moon, 5- Full moon

7- Old half moon

2.3. Understanding the phases of the Moon2.3. Understanding the phases of the Moon

7

INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

The shapes of objects in a structure

The shape of objectsThe shape of objects Identify shapes in a structureIdentify shapes in a structure

CuboidCube Cylinder

Sphere ConePyramid

Sphere

Cylinder

1.1. The shapes of objects in a structure1.1. The shapes of objects in a structure

Shapes of objects that are stable

The factors that affect stability of objects

How base area affects stability

How height affects stabilityHow height affects stability

The strength

and stability

of a structure

The factors that affect the strength of a structure

Design a model thatis strong and stable

Cube, cone, cylinder

Height , base area

Bigger base area more stableSmaller base area less stable

Lower object more stableHigher object less stable

Types of materials usedSteel ,Iron, Wood

Suggested design for:

Bridge – one with manila card and one with wood

1.2. The Strength and Stability of a Structure1.2. The Strength and Stability of a Structure

INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING

LIVING LIVING THINGSTHINGS

INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING

EARTHEARTHANDAND

UNIVERSUNIVERSEE

INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING

TECHNOLOGTECHNOLOGYY

INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING

MATERIALSMATERIALS

INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING

FORCEFORCEANDAND

ENERGYENERGY

7

INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS

AnimalsAnimalsAnimalsAnimals

Some live in solitary

(Animals that live by themselves)

SomeSomelive in groupslive in groups

(Animals that live together)(Animals that live together)

zebra giraffesgiraffesbees ants tigerlizardcatsnake

For safetyFor Food

To avoid competition for food To avoid competition for space

Cooperation is a form of interaction

1.1. Understanding that some animals live in groups and others live in solitary

Competition is a form of Competition is a form of Interaction among living thingsInteraction among living things

Competition is a form of Competition is a form of Interaction among living thingsInteraction among living things

Animals

Plants

Factors for competition

Food

Water

Mate

Shelter

Space

Limited food resources

Limited water resources

Trying to get mate to breed

Defending or looking for shelter

Defending or looking for space

Factors for competition

Nutrient

Sunlight

Water

Space

Limited sunlight can reach them

Limited water resources

Limited space

Limited nutrient

Reason

Reason

endangered species

Extinct animal

Endangered animal Endangered plant

•Dodo bird•Dinosaur•Auk bird•Desert rat kangaroo•Mammoth•Quagga•Tasmanian wolf

•Tiger•Turtle•Orang Utan•Panda•Rhinoceros•Hornbill•Blue Whale

•Raflessia•Pitcher plant•Venus fly trap•Wild orchid

1.3. Understanding the responsibility of human beings in protecting endangered species

Responsibility of human beings in protecting endangered species

Factors of Extinction

ways to prevent extinction

Illegal HuntingElephant – TuskTiger – Skin & BoneBlue Whale – FatGiant Panda – FurRhinoceros - Horn

Illegal LoggingCutting of treesForest clearingThe destruction of habitat

Excessive developmentWater & air PollutionMany habitats have beendestroyed

Extreme WeatherLong dry seasonFlood Forest fire

Campaign against excessive loggingEducate the public about the importance of protecting & conserving animals & plantAvoid consuming or buying products made from endangered speciesEnforcing the lawReplantingSelective loggingSetting up forest reservedSetting rehabilitation centreEncourage recycle , reuse & reduce Campaign

Impact of human

activities on environment

Environmental destruction caused by human activities

Uncontrolled human activities to the Earth

Environmental Destruction

Environmental Destruction

ErosionLandslideFlash-FloodsWater & Air pollution

Illegal & Excessive LoggingClearing ForestImproper management of development

•Erosion•Landslides•Flash-Floods•Loss of habitats

Illegal & Excessive hunting

Improper management of waste from factory

Improper management of waste from household

Extinction of endangered

species

Air & water pollution

Water pollution & flash flood

Excessive use of fertilisers, pesticides

& herbicides

Heavy usage of motor vehicles

The Lost of habitatThe lose of raw material &food suppliesClimate changesThe rise in temperature on earthExtinction of endangered speciesThe balance in nature is disturbedThe loss of the Earth’s natural water basin

Air & water Pollution

Air pollution

1.4. Knowing the impact of human activities on environment

7

INVESTIGATING FORCE

AND ENERGY

1.1. Understanding that push and pull are forces

FORCE

Pull – an action of bringing an object towards us

Push – an action of moving an object away

DEFINITION

EffectsMove a stationary object

Stop a moving object

Change direction of moving object

Make object move faster or slower

Change the motion of an object

Change the shape of an object

Friction

Definition

-Force that apposes the movement of an object.

-Two surfaces in contact

Effects

-Surfaces warm.

-Difficult to move

-Wear and tear.

-Slow down and stop

Reduce

-Lubricant :oil, wax, grease or water

-Air cushion

-Talcum powder

-Roller marbles

-Ball bearing

Advantages1. Hold thing2. Walk without slipping3. Sharpen a knife4. Slow down moving

Disadvantages1. Wear and tear2. Produce heat

Advantages/Disadvantages

1.2. Understanding the effects of a force

1.3. Analysing friction

Speed

A measurement on how fast an object moves

an object which moves faster travels a

longer distance in a given time

Definition

an object which move faster takes a shorter

time travel a given distance

Conclusion

Calculation

FormulaSpeed = distance / time

Unit• km/h,• m/s ,• cm/s

2.1. Understanding speed

INVESTIGATING MATERIALS

•Unpleasent smell eg. Fish with bad smell•Unpleasent taste eg. milk turns sour•Changed colour eg.vegetables, rice•Changed texture eg. Yogurt turns curd•Mouldy eg. Yogurt have many black spots

Characteristics of Spoilt Food

Characteristics of Spoilt Food

Food that has turned bad and is not suitable to be eaten

Food that has turned bad and is not suitable to be eaten

Bacteria Fungus

•Air•Water•Nutrient•Suitable Temperature( 5°C - 65° C ) •Suitable acidity

Food spoilage

1.1. Understanding food spoilage

Condition for microbes to grow

Condition for microbes to grow

What is spoilt food

What is spoilt food

Microbes that spoilt food

Microbes that spoilt food

Food preservation(Process whereby food turning

bad is slowed down)

Food preservation(Process whereby food turning

bad is slowed down)

Drying Boiling CoolingVacuum packing

Pickling

Freezing

Example :fish, prawn, fruits

Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot

grow without water

Example :Eggs, water

Reason :Boiled will killed bacteria

and fungi

Example :eggs, vegetables, fruits

Reason :Cold temperature slow

down the growth ofbacteria and fungi

Example :Biscuits, crackers,

Reason :Bacteria and fungi

cannot grow without water

Reason :Prevents the growth

of bacteria andfungi

Example :Fruits, chili, fish

Bottling/canning

PasteurisingSalting

Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot active at a

very low temperature

Example :Fish, meat

Reason :Bacteria and fungi

cannot grow without air

Example :Meat, fish, fruits

Reason :Destroy

microoganism

Example :Milk, yogurt

Reason :Bacteria and fungi

cannot grow in verysalt substances

Example :Fish, eggs

Reason :Dry the food

Example :Fish, meat

Reason :Slow down theloss of water

Example :Fruits

Smoking

Waxing

1. 2. Synthesising the concept of food preservation

The importance of preserving food

The importance of preserving food

Food can be keptfor a longer time

Easier tostore

Easier tocarry

To prevent thewastage of foodTo prevent the

wastage of food

1.3. Realising the importance of preserving food

Waste disposal

Waste disposal •Gas•Liquid•Solid

•From agricultural activities•From vehicles and open burning•Toxic materials•Rubbish

Sources of wastes

Types of waste

•Open burning•Littering•Chanelling- waste factories into river• Releasing smokeand dangerous gasses

•Treat waste water•Keep environment and home clean•Reuse and recyclerubbish and waste• Reduce car•Build factories farfrom home

The improperways disposal

Smoke dissolved form weak acidKills plants & fishDestroys building & bridges

Rubbish thrown in rivers or drain Cause flash-floods& water over flowKill plants & animals in the river

Open burningCause asthma & eye irritationAir pollution

DiseaseCause by eating polluted fish and plants

The harmfuleffect

The proper disposal ways

2.1. Understanding the effects of improper of on the environment

• Animal extinction• Habitats destruction•Spoil natural beauty•Change Climate

• Animal extinction• Habitats destruction•Spoil natural beauty•Change Climate

• Tin can• Plastic• Synthetic• Glass• Metal objects

• Tin can• Plastic• Synthetic• Glass• Metal objects

• Give out poisonous gas• Unpleasant smell

• Give out poisonous gas• Unpleasant smell

• Return nutrient to soil• Prevent rubbish from accumulate

• Return nutrient to soil• Prevent rubbish from accumulate

•Paper• Wood• Food• Meat

•Paper• Wood• Food• Meat

• Fungi

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Bacteria

Waste thatcan decay

Waste that decayWaste that decay

Waste that do not decayWaste that do not decay

Microbes that causewaste to decay

Microbes that causewaste to decay

Advantages of waste decayingAdvantages of waste decaying

Disadvantages of waste decaying

Disadvantages of waste decaying

What will happen ifwaste do not decay

2.2. Understanding that some waste can decay

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH & THE UNIVERSE

Eclipse of the moon

The Earth is between the Sun

and the Moon

The Earth is between the Sun

and the Moon

The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a

straight line

The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a

straight line

The Earth’s position blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon

The Earth’s position blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon

The Earth’s shadow is formed on the Moon surface and cause an eclipse of the Moon

The Earth’s shadow is formed on the Moon surface and cause an eclipse of the Moon

Sun Moon

Earth

1.1. Understanding the eclipse of the moon

ECLIPSE OF THE SUNECLIPSE OF THE SUN

The Moon is between the Sun

and the Earth

The Moon is between the Sun

and the Earth

The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a

straight line

The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a

straight line

The Moon’s blocks the sunlight from reaching

the Earth

The Moon’s blocks the sunlight from reaching

the Earth

The Moon’s shadow is formed on the Earth’s surface

SUN

Earth

Moon

The place that experienced full eclipse is completely dark during the day time

PHASES OF THE SUN DURING THE ECLIPSE

1.2. Understanding the eclipse of the sun

INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

WHEEL AND AXLE

Simple machine

LEVERLEVER

WEDGE

PULLEY

GEAR

INCLINED PLANE

SCREW

-To carry or move heavy objects

- e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor

-To carry or move heavy objects

- e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor

-To lift heavy objects easier

eg. stairs , slanting wooden plank

-To carry to move heavy objects easily

eg screw driver , car spanner

-To carry or lift objects to a higher place

eg. flag pole , crane

-To cut or separate objects

eg. knife , saw , axe

-To fix two objects together

eg. drill bit , spanner

-To move objects easily

eg. Gear in a watch

A device that allows us to use less force to make work easier or faster

A device that allows us to use less force to make work easier or faster

1.1. Understanding simple machines

ComplexmachineComplexmachine

WheelbarrowLever, wheel and axle

CraneGear, pulley, lever

Egg beaterGear, wheel and axle

BicycleGear, lever,

wheel and axle ScissorsLever, wedge

Hand drillWedge, wheel and axle

1.2. Analysing a complex machine

MachinesMachines

Difficulty in moving heavy thingsDifficulty in moving heavy things

Will not be able to travel from one place to another place which is farWill not be able to travel from one place to another place which is far

Help to move heavy thingsHelp to move heavy things

Work in the fields is made easier and productivity of agricultural product is raised

Work in the fields is made easier and productivity of agricultural product is raised

Construction work is made easier and can be completed fasterConstruction work is made easier and can be completed faster

Help us travel from one place to anotherHelp us travel from one place to another

1.3. Appreciating the invention of machines that make life easier