TAHUN 4, TAHUN 5, TAHUN 6SAINSPETA MINDA

MENYIASATALAM KEHIDUPANMENYIASATBUMI DAN ALAM SEMESTAMENYIASATDUNIA TEKNOLOGIMENYIASATALAM BAHANMENYIASATALAM FIZIKAL

MENYIASAT BENDA HIDUP Benda Hidup Mempunyai Keperluan Asas Benda Hidup Menjalani Proses Hidup3. Haiwan Dan Tumbuhan Melindungi Diri

MakananTempat perlindunganUdaraAirBernafasMelindungi dari bahaya sinaran matahari hujanMembekal tenagaTumbesaranKekal sihatMinumTumbesaranKekal sihat1.1 Memahami manusia mempunyai keperluan asas

MakananHabitatUdaraAirBernafasMelindungi diri bahaya sinaran matahari hujanMembekal tenagaTumbesaranKekal sihatMinumTumbesaranKekal sihat1.2 Memahami haiwan memerlukan keperluan asasjenis : lubang gua sarang

Keperluan Asas TumbuhanUdaraCahaya matahariAirAda Keperluan Asas : Tumbesaran sihat Tumbesaran baik Tidak layuTiada Keperluan Asas Layu Kekuningan Mati1.3 Memahami tumbuhan memerlukan keperluan asas

2.1 Menganalisa proses-proses hidup manusia GerakbalasPernafasanPembiakanOrganTarik nafas udara disedutHembus nafas udara dihembusHidung/Mulut Saluran udara Paru-paruProses melahirkan anakKadar pernafasanJumlah pergerakan dada pada sesuatu masaOrganMata - lihatHidung - hiduLidah - rasaTelinga - dengarKulit - sentuhPerkumuhanNyahtinjaParu-paru( Karbon Dioksidsa+ Wap Air)Buah Pinggang( air kencing + garam mineral )Skin ( peluh + garam mineral)Najis

Tujuan : elak bahaya elak kecederaan elak kemalangan untuk hidup

2.2 Menyedari tentang sesetengah perlakuan boleh mengganggu proses hidupAkibatnya kanser paru-paru batukAkibatnya gerak balas yang lambat terhadap stimuli terhoyong-hayang boleh menyebabkan kemalanganHow to avoidMenyertai kempenTidak menggalakkan tabiat dalam kalangan Rakan sebaya

2.3 Menganalisis proses hidup haiwan BernafasBerkumuhMembiakBertelurBeranakOrganParu-paru kera burung ikan pausInsang ikan udangberuduKulit lembap & peparu NewtSalamanderkatakKulit lembap katak cacing tanahLintahsiputSpirakel belalangLalatlipasNyahtinjaMengeluarkan bahan buangan dari badankucingharimaukelawarIkan pausularburung

Proses-proses hidup tumbuhan

Tumbuhan bergerakbalasterhadap rangsanganair, cahaya matahari, sentuhan,Graviti.

Kenapa tumbuhan membiak?Untuk memastikan kemandirian spesies

Pelbagai cara tumbuhan membiakMelalui biji , spora,, sulur, keratan batang, daunBatang bawah tanah

Ramalkan apa yang akan berlakukalau tumbuhan tidak membiak

Tiada bekalan makanan

Pembiakan tumbuhan

biji balsam, jagung, durianspora paku-pakis, cendawansulur pisang, nanasKeratan batang ubi kayu, bunga rayadaun begonia, setawarBatang bawah tanah halia,, keledek

Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap cahaya mataharii

pucuk

Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap graviti

akar

Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap air

akar 2.4 Memahami proses-proses hidup tumbuhanBahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalasterhadap sentuhan

Kulit yang keras dan tebalMelindungi dirinya daripada tercederaBadak dan gajahCengkerang kerasSiput dan kura-kura memasukkan dirinya Kedalam cengkerang apabila ada bahayaSisik kerasTenggiling dan buaya mempunyai sisik Keras untuk melindunginya daripada bahaya

Bulu deduriMengembangkan bulu dedurinya apabila diserang musuhlandak

TandukMenggunakan tanduk untuk menyerang musuhKambing dan rusaKuku yang tajamMelindungi dirinya daripada musuhbears, eagle, cat, singaMenggulungTenggiling menggulung dirinya apabila adabahaya/musuh cth: tenggiling, ulat gonggokSemburan cecair hitamMenghadkan penglihatan musuhCth: sotongCamouflageBertukar warna kulit mengikut persekitaranSesumpah dan kuda belangTabiat pura-pura matiUntuk menipu musuh Cth: kumbang tanduk3.1 memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat bagi melindungi diri daripada bahaya/musuh.

Cuaca panas Cuaca sejukKulit Berkedutgajah, badak dan kerbauKehilangan haba melalui kulit berkedutBerkubanggajah, badak dan kerbau menyejukkan badan dengan berkubangdalam lumpurBonggolUnta menyimpan makanan dan air dalam bentuk lemak di dalam bonggolnyaBulu tebalBeruang kutub mempunyai bulu tebal untuk mengelakkan kehilangan haba kepada persekitaran sejukLapisan lemakPenguin, anjing laut dan ikan paus mempunyailapisan lemak di bawah kulit untuk mengekal haba badanTelinga kecilAnjing laut dan singa laut mempunyai telinga keciluntuk menhalang kehilangan haba badanHibernateBeruang kutub tidur semusim bagi mengekanghilangnya haba badan musim sejuk

3.2. Memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat melindungi dirinya daripada cuaca yang melampau 3.3. Memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat yang membenarkan mereka bermandiri

Ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungidiri daripada musuh Ciri-ciri yang melindungi tumbuhan

Duri

Beracun

Bulu halus Menghasilkan getah

Menutup anak daun bila disentuh

3.4. Memahami tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri daripada musuh

Kawasan berangin kuatKawasan keringcth : kaktusAkar tunjang untuk menyerap airBatang sukulen yang boleh menyimpan airDuri mengurangkan kehilangan air pada tumbuhancth: pokok kelapa, buluh, pokok bakauBatang yang mudah melentur Mempunyai akar baniirDedaun tirus/berpisahDedaun jarum 3.5. Memahami tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri daripada kawasan kering dan angin kuatCiri-ciri khas

MENYIASATDAYA DAN TENAGA1. Ukuran

1.3 Isipadu pepejal 1.1 Panjang1.2 Luas1.5 Jisim1.6 Masa1.7 Unit Piawai1. Ukuran1.4 Isipadu cecair UKURAN

PanjangTerminologiJarak di antara dua titik/ tempat/ kedudukanPelbagai cara ukuran Pita ukur jengkal depa talipembarisAlat piawai Pita ukur pembarisUnitmmcmmkmTeknik yang betulFokus penglihatan hendaklah selari dengan hujung objek1.1. Memahami ukuran panjang

LuasLuas adalah jumlah ruang yang diliputi oleh sesuatu objekTerminologiMenggunakan kad segiempat sama 1 centimetreUnit Piawai- Millimetre persegi (mm2)- Centimetre persegi (cm2)- Metre persegi (m2)- Kilometre persegi (km2)- Menggunakan formulaLuas =panjang X lebar1cm 1cmPelbagai cara mengukur luas2cm 4cm = 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm23cm 3cm Meletakkan objekseragam seperti jubin, buku dan setemdi ataspermukaan sesuatuobjek1.2. Memahami cara mengukur luas

IsipaduTerminologiJumlah ruang yang dipenuhi/diliputi oleh pepejal/cecair.1.3 Pepejal1.4 CecairFormulapanjang x lebar x tinggiUnit Piawaimm3 , cm3, m3Alat Unit PiawaiSilinder penyukatml, lTeknik yang betulAmbil bacaan ukuran pada aras bawah meniskusb) Aras mata hendaklah pada aras bawah meniskus.1.3. Memahami cara menyukat isipadu pepejal1.4. Memahami cara menyukat isipadu cecair

JisimTerminologiAmaun jirim terkandung dalam sesuatu objekAlatNeraca ElektronikNeraca SpringNeraca PalangDacingNeraca mikroNeraca TuasUnit PiawaimggkgTeknik mengukur1.5. Memahami cara mengukur jisim

MasaTerminologiJulat waktu di antara dua peristiwaCara mengukursundial , sand clock , candle clockProses ulangan seragam sesuatu peristiwa boleh mengukur masaAyunan bandul Kadar nadi lilin yang menyalaTitisan airPertukaran siang dan malam Alat Unit Piawaisaat , minit , jamJam Dinding , Jam TanganJam Randik, Jam digitalOld clockPelbagai cara yang boleh mengukur masa1.6. Memahami cara mengukur masa

Memudahkan komunikasi dan pemahaman

untuk ketepatan dan ketekalan

Kepentingan Unit Piawai 1.7. Kesedaran kepentingan menggunakan unit piawai

MENYIASAT BAHAN1. Memahami sifat bahan

Sifat BahanPenebatTerapung di atas airPengalir elektriklogamMengalir haba

Tenggelam di dalam airMembenarkan cahaya melaluinyaBoleh diregang

kayubatuGelang getah kaca karbonplastik logamkayu1.1. Memahami sifat bahan

CARA-CARA MENYIMPAN OBJEKPANASDilitupi dengan bahan penebateg. sabut, habuk kayu, polistirenaSEJUKobjek panas objek sejukMenghalang pembebasan habaMenghalang penyerapan haba1.2. Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan tentang sifat bahan dalam kehidupan seharian.

BahanSenarai objek dan bahan berdasarkan bahan apaIa diperbuat. Kenapa bahan tertentu digunakan untuk membuat sesuatu objekMurahMudah diperolehi Kuat/kukuhBerkualiti tinggi1.3. Mensintesis pengetahuan mengenai penggunaan bahan berdasarkan sifat bahan

objekbahansifatpisaulogamkerasKertas tisukayulembutCermin keretakacaLut sinar

Bahan semulajadiBahan buatan manusiakayulogamgetahkapasplastikkain tiruannilonMengurangkanpenggunaanMenggunasemulaMengitar semulakertasbeg plastikbotolplastikkacaJenis BahanMengguna semula, Mengurangkan penggunaan dan Mengitar semula bahan 1.4. Mengetahui kepentingan mengguna semula bahan, mengurangkan penggunaan bahan dan mengitar semula bahan

Objek berkaratObjek tidak berkaratObjek diperbuat daripada logam dan keluliObjek diperbuat daripadakayu, kapas, getah, kulit kaca dan sutera

*paku*sudu*pisau*jarum kapak

*gelas*botol*cawan*pensil pembaris

1.5. Memahami bahawa sesetengah bahan boleh berkarat

PengaratanPelbagai cara mencegah pengaratan* Menyalut dengan bahan tidak berkarat* cat* minyak* grisPentingnya mencegah pengaratan*jangka hayat yang panjang*memulihara bahan semulajadi*menjimatkan kos*cantik dipandang/ menawan*Kesimpulan; Pengaratan dapat dicegah dengan mengelakkan logam terdedah kepada air dan udara1.6. Memahami bahawa pengaratan boleh dicegah.

MENYIASAT BUMI DAN ALAM SEMESTA1. SISTEM SURIA

Sistem SuriaSenarai ahliSenarai urutanplanetPlanet bergerak mengelilingi Matahari

8 planetSatelit semulajadiMeteorKometAsteroid

akronim:Utarid ustazahZuhrah zuraidahBumi bungkusMarikh makananMusytari masaZuhal zuhurUranus untukNeptun nenek1.1. Memahami Sistem Suria

Saiz dan Jarak relatifSaiz relatif Matahari dengan saiz BumiSaiz relatif Bumi dengan saiz BulanJarak relatif Bumi ke Matahari berbanding jarak relatif dari Bumi ke BulanMatahari1Bumi100Bumi1Bulan4MatahariBumiBulan150 000 000 km382 500 km1: 4001.2. Memahami saiz dan jarak relatif antara Bumi, Bulan dan Matahari

Bumi dalam Sistem SuriaMenyatakan sebab sesetengah planet tidakkondusif untuk benda hidupBumi adalah satu-satunya planet dalam Sistem Suria yang boleh menampunghidupanLebih dekat jarak planet daripada Matahari semakin panas permukaannya .

.Lebih jauh jarak planet daripada Matahari semakin sejuk permukaannya

Ketiadaan air dan udara.Bumi adalah planet berkedudukan ke-3 dari MatahariMenerima cahaya dan haba yang cukup dari MatahariBumi mempunyai keupayaan menampung kehidupanAtmosfera Bumi mengandungi udaraTerdapat air di BumiLebih dekat : Suhu di atas muka Bumi semakin tinggi.Berlaku sejatan air di permukaan BumiKetiadaan air menyebabkan suhu tinggiLebih jauh :Suhu di atas muka Bumi semakin rendah.Air membeku membentuk aisPayah menampung kehidupan1.3. Menghargai kesempurnaan kedudukan planet Bumi dalam Sistem Suria

MENYIASAT TEKNOLOGI1. TEKNOLOGI

1.1.Memahami kepentingan teknologi dalam kehidupan harian.Had keupayaan manusia dalam membuat sesuatuContoh had keupayaan tidak berupaya melihat objek seni tidak berupaya bercakap kuat tidak berupaya berjalan jauh tidak berupaya melihat objek jarak jauhAlat untuk mengatasi had keupayaan manusiaMikroskop- Penggunaan kanta unutk melihat objek seni dan mikrobMikrofon- Meningkatkan kelangsingan suaraTelefon- Untuk berkomunikasi jarak jauhKenderaan Memudahkan perjalanan jarak jauh dalam masa singkatTeleskop, Binokular- Untuk melihat objek jauh

PengangkutanDarat: haiwan basikal kereta keretapiUdara : belon udara panas kapal udara peluncur kapal terbang roket Air : kanu rakit sampan feri kapalKomunikasiasap burung merpati telegraf telefonPembinaangua pondok rumah kayu apartmen

Perkembanganteknologi

(contoh)

1.2. Memahami perkembangan teknologiPertaniantajak bajak jentera jentuai

Senarai cabaran yang dihadapi dalam kehidupanharianIdea untuk mengatasi cabaran yang telah dikenal pastiAlatan untuk mengatasi cabaran

Tunjuk cara alatan yang telah dicipta untuk mengatasi cabaran

Teknologi digunakan untuk mengatasi cabaran

Tidak mampu mengangkat dan menggerak beban yang beratTidak mampu bergerak jauhLakaran modelsumbangsaran . takal .kereta sorongTakal mengangkat beban dari aras rendah ke aras tinggi dengan senangKereta sorong memindah beban dengan mudah1.3 . Mensintesis cara teknologi digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah

1.4. Menganalisa teknologi memberi manfaat kepada manusia sejagat jika digunakan secara bijaksana.DisadvantagesKOMUNIKASIMembolehkan manusia mempelajari dan mengetahui banyak perkara dalam duniaPENGANGKUTANMembolehkan manusia bergerak jauh dalam masa yang singkatPERTANIANMesin membantu dan memudahkan menanam dan menuai tanamanPEMBINAANMemudah dan mempercepatkan pembinaan jalan, jambatan dan bangunanBahan buangan yang bertambah mengakibatkan pencemaran alam sekitar

Penggunaan bahan sumber semulajadiyang berleluasa menyebabkan kemusnahan alam sekitar

Penggunaan alatan berteknologi yang kurang bijaksana dan tidak terkawal menimbulkan Masalah Sosial

Pencemaran alam sekitar dan penggunaan bahan kimia yang keterlaluan mengakibatkan kesan buruk terhadap kesihatanTEKNOLOGIAdvantages

MENYIASAT

ALAMKEHIDUPANMENYIASAT

BUMI DAN ALAM SEMESTAMENYIASAT

TEKNOLOGIMENYIASAT

ALAM BAHANMENYIASAT

DAYA DAN TENAGA

MENYIASATALAM KEHIDUPANMIKROORGANISMAKEMANDIRIAN SPESIES

1.1 Memahami bahawa mikroorganisma adalah benda hidupMikroorganismaBakteriaKulatProtozoaVirusTidak dapat dilihat dengan matakasarBertumbuhBergerakBernafasCiri-ciri

1.2. Memahami tentang mikroorganisma yang berguna dan berbahayaMikroorganisma berguna dan berbahayaBergunaBerbahayaBoleh menyebabkanDemamKeracunanmakananMakananbasiPereputangigiMembuat roti/Tapai tempe/bajaPencegahanPenyakitsakit perutbisulpereputan gigibegukMembasuhtanganMeminum air yangdimasakMenutup mulut dan hidung apabila batuk atau bersin

Kemandirian spesies haiwanHaiwan melindungi telur atau anak daripada dimakan oleh pemangsaBagaimana haiwan menjamin kemandirian spesiesnyaSesetengah haiwan melindungitelurnya atau menjaga anaknya; ada juga haiwan yang tidak berbuat demikian

Burung bersarang di tempat yang tinggiKatak telur banyak dan dilitupi lapisan lendirLelabah menyimpan anak dalam kerandut di bawah badannyaIkan menyimpan anak di dalam mulutnyaHarimau - menyerang pemangsa untuk melindungi anaknya Penyu bertelur banyak dan menimbus telurnya dalam pasirKangaru membawa anaknya dalam kantung badannya Gajah - sentiasa berada dalam kawanan

2.1. Memahami haiwan berlainan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies

Kemandirian spesies tumbuhanAirMekanismeletupanAnginHaiwan ringan lompang udara dalam buah kalis air ringan bersaiz kecil bersayap kering bila masak meletup bila matang berwarna cerah boleh dimakan berbau mempunyai onak kelapa teratai engkabang Angsana Lalang buah getah buah balsam Chestnut Rambutan Mangga Love grass MimosaAgen pencaranCiri-ciri istimewaContoh2.2. Memahami pelbagai tumbuhan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies

Consequencesofanimals and plantsbecome extinct

Importance 2.3. Realising the importance of survival of their species

Food ChainAnimals and the food they eatClassify animals into herbivore, carnivore and omnivoreProducer Consumer Construct food chainGreen plant obtain energy fromthe sun to make food.

GreenPlant as a producerHerbivore :Animals that eat plants only.e.g.: cow, goat, deerCarnivore:Animals that eat other animals.e.g.: tiger, lionOmnivore:Animals that eat plants and other animalsAnimals that eat plantor other animals are called consumers.

The food relationshipamong living things can be shown bya food chain.To construct food chain It must start with plant as a producer.In a food chainthe arrow

means eaten by

All living things need food to survive.

Green plant can make theirown food.

However animals cannot make their own food3.1. Understanding food chain

Synthesizing food chain to construct food webFood webWhat will happenIf there is a change in population of a certainspecies in a food web ? Food web of different habitatsWhat will happento a certain speciesof animals if theyeat only one typeof food ?Paddy fieldgardenA change in the populationof a certain specieswill effect the population of other speciesThey will face difficultyto survive if thesource of food runs out3.2. Synthesizing food chain to construct food web

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

The Uses of EnergyWhy energy is needed?- for living things to carry out life processes. Eg.: moving, breathing, growingThe Sources of EnergySun- main source of energy - produces light and heatFood- food contains stored energyWindMoving air-Used to pump water, drive small sawmills - to move, boil, melt, or bounce non-living thingsFuelBatteries- wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas- device that generated electrical energy from chemical energyWater- moving or falling water produce energy1.1. Understanding the uses of energy

Energy can be transformed from one form to anotherForm of energySound energyHeat energyLight energyElectrical energyKinetic energyChemical energyPotential energyEnergy can be transformeda) lighting a candle Chemical energy heat energy + light energy b) Kicking a ball Chemical energy kinetic energy Example of appliance that make use of energy transforma) Electric iron Electrical energy heat energy b) Radio Electrical energy sound energy c) Television Electrical energy sound energy + light energy1.2. Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another

Renewable and non-renewable energyRenewable energyEnergy that cannot be replenishedResources solar, wind, biomass fuel, waterNon-renewable energyEnergy that can be replenished when it is used upResources natural gas, petroleum, coalWhy use energy wiselyHow to use energy wiselySome energy resources cannot be replenished when used upTo save costAvoid wastageReducepollutionTurn off thetelevision whenno one iswatching itSwitch off the lights before leaving the room1.3. Understanding renewable and non-renewable energy

Dry cellAccumulatorDynamoSolar cellTypes of circuitsDifferencesThe bulb in the parallel circuit is brighter than the bulb in the series circuit2.1. Knowing the sources of electricity2.2. Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit

NameSymbolDry cellConnecting wireSwitchBulb

PRECAUTIONSFireBurnElectric shockElectrocutionDo not touch electrical appliances with wet handDo not repair electrical appliances on your own2.3. Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electrical appliances

LightCan be reflectedReflection of lightSide mirror of a carPeriscopeKaleidoscopeTravels in a straight lineHow shadow is formedWhen light is completely or partially blocked by an opaque objectThe light that falls on objects bounces off the objects and comes to your eyesmirror3.1. Understanding that light travels in a straight line3.2. Understanding that light can be reflectedUses of reflectionHow ?

HeatGain heatLoss heatCoolerWarmerMeasure temperature using the correct techniqueThe effects of heat on matterMatter expands when heatedMatter contracts when cooled4.1. Understanding that temperature is an indicator of degree of hotness4.2. Understanding the effects of heat on matter

INVESTIGATING MATERIALS

1.1. Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gashas massSOLIDGASfixed volumefixed shapehas massno permanent shapefixed volumeno fixed shapeno fixed volumecan be compressed

1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gassolidliquidgaswatermilkairsteamwoodstone

Changing states of water

gas - liquidliquid - solidliquid - gassolid - liquid1.2 . Understanding that matter can change from one state to another

WATER CYCLECirculation of water in the environmentFormation of clouds and rainImportance of waterChanges in the states of matter in the water cycleLiquid to gas (evaporation)Droplets of water will become bigger and heavier rainevaporationcondensationseaGas liquid (Condensation) 1.3 . Understanding the water cycle

Appreciating the importance of water resources

To prevent living aquatic from being destroyed and undergoing extinctionReasons to keep our water resources clean. To ensure the cleanliness of water supplyTo regulate the formation of clouds and rainTo avoid infected diseasesWays to keep our water resources clean Keep the rivers cleanCleanliness campaign1.4. Appreciating the importance of water resources

PROPERTIES

taste

using litmus paper to identifyProperties of acidic, alkaline and neutral substancesChanges in colour of litmus papersblue to redred to blueno changebittersourALKALIACIDNEUTRALSUBSTANCESTaste bitter Change red litmus paper blueTaste sour change blue litmus paper redOther tastes salty / sweetno changes in litmus paperacidalkalineneutral2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substancesacidalkaline

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE

Show directionsIndicates Seasons A group of stars that form a certain pattern in the skyImportance of constellationIdentify constellationWhat constellation Is ?1.1. Understanding the constellationBig DipperScorpionOrionSouthern CrossNorthNorthSouthKite or Cross ScorpionHunterLaddlesouthplantingharvestingdesertsea

Earth rotates on it axisEarth rotates and at the same time moves around the SunMoon rotates on it axisMoon rotates and at the same time moves around the EarthThe Moon and the Earth move round the Sun at the same timeThe earth rotates on its axis from west to eastThe changes in length and position of the shadow throughout the day2.1. understanding the movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun

The occurrence of day and nightIt is day time for the part of the Earth facing the SunIt is night time for the part of the Earth facing away from the Sun

Day and night occurdue to the rotation of the Earthon its axisthe Sunthe Earthnight-timedaytimeaxiswesteast2.2. Understanding the occurrence of day and night

1-New moon, 3- New half moon, 5- Full moon 7- Old half moon2.3. Understanding the phases of the Moon

INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

The shape of objectsIdentify shapes in a structureCuboidCubeCylinderSphereConePyramidSphereCylinder1.1. The shapes of objects in a structure

Shapes of objects that are stable

The factors that affect stability of objectsHow base area affects stabilityHow height affects stability The strength and stabilityof a structureThe factors that affect the strength of a structure

Design a model thatis strong and stable

Cube, cone, cylinderHeight , base areaBigger base area more stableSmaller base area less stableLower object more stableHigher object less stableTypes of materials usedSteel ,Iron, Wood

Suggested design for:

Bridge one with manila card and one with wood

1.2. The Strength and Stability of a Structure

INVESTIGATING

LIVING THINGSINVESTIGATING

EARTHANDUNIVERSEINVESTIGATING

TECHNOLOGYINVESTIGATING

MATERIALSINVESTIGATING

FORCEANDENERGY

INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS

Animals

Some live in solitary(Animals that live by themselves)

Somelive in groups(Animals that live together)zebragiraffesbeesantstigerlizardcatsnakeFor safetyFor FoodTo avoid competition for food To avoid competition for space Cooperation is a form of interaction

Competition is a form of Interaction among living thingsAnimalsPlantsFactors for competitionFoodWaterMateShelterSpaceLimited food resourcesLimited water resourcesTrying to get mate to breedDefending or looking for shelterDefending or looking for spaceFactors for competitionNutrientSunlightWaterSpaceLimited sunlight can reach themLimited water resourcesLimited spaceLimited nutrientReasonReason

endangered species

Extinct animal Endangered animal

Endangered plant Dodo birdDinosaurAuk birdDesert rat kangarooMammothQuaggaTasmanian wolfTigerTurtleOrang UtanPandaRhinocerosHornbillBlue WhaleRaflessiaPitcher plantVenus fly trapWild orchid

Responsibility of human beings in protecting endangered species

Illegal HuntingElephant TuskTiger Skin & BoneBlue Whale FatGiant Panda FurRhinoceros - HornIllegal LoggingCutting of treesForest clearingThe destruction of habitatExcessive developmentWater & air PollutionMany habitats have beendestroyedExtreme WeatherLong dry seasonFlood Forest fireCampaign against excessive loggingEducate the public about the importance of protecting & conserving animals & plantAvoid consuming or buying products made from endangered speciesEnforcing the lawReplantingSelective loggingSetting up forest reservedSetting rehabilitation centreEncourage recycle , reuse & reduce Campaign

Impact of human activities on environment

Environmental destruction caused by human activitiesUncontrolled human activities to the Earth Environmental DestructionErosionLandslideFlash-FloodsWater & Air pollutionIllegal & Excessive LoggingClearing ForestImproper management of developmentErosionLandslidesFlash-FloodsLoss of habitats

Illegal & Excessive hunting

Improper management of waste from factoryImproper management of waste from householdExtinction of endangered speciesAir & water pollutionWater pollution & flash floodExcessive use of fertilisers, pesticides & herbicidesHeavy usage of motor vehiclesThe Lost of habitatThe lose of raw material &food suppliesClimate changesThe rise in temperature on earthExtinction of endangered speciesThe balance in nature is disturbedThe loss of the Earths natural water basinAir & water Pollution

Air pollution

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

1.1. Understanding that push and pull are forcesFORCEPull an action of bringing an object towards usPush an action of moving an object awayDEFINITION EffectsMove a stationary objectStop a moving objectChange direction of moving objectMake object move faster or slowerChange the motion of an objectChange the shape of an object Friction DefinitionForce that apposes the movement of an object.Two surfaces in contact Effects-Surfaces warm.

-Difficult to move

-Wear and tear.

-Slow down and stopReduce -Lubricant :oil, wax, grease or water

-Air cushion

-Talcum powder

-Roller marbles

-Ball bearing Advantages1. Hold thing2. Walk without slipping3. Sharpen a knife4. Slow down movingDisadvantages1. Wear and tear2. Produce heatAdvantages/Disadvantages1.2. Understanding the effects of a force1.3. Analysing friction

A measurement on how fast an object movesDefinitionConclusionCalculationFormulaSpeed = distance / timeUnit km/h, m/s , cm/s2.1. Understanding speed

INVESTIGATING MATERIALS

Unpleasent smell eg. Fish with bad smellUnpleasent taste eg. milk turns sourChanged colour eg.vegetables, riceChanged texture eg. Yogurt turns curdMouldy eg. Yogurt have many black spots

Characteristics of Spoilt FoodFood that has turned bad and is not suitable to be eatenBacteriaFungusAirWaterNutrientSuitable Temperature( 5C - 65 C ) Suitable acidityFood spoilage1.1. Understanding food spoilage Condition for microbes to growWhat is spoilt foodMicrobes that spoilt food

Food preservation(Process whereby food turning bad is slowed down)

DryingBoilingCoolingVacuum packingPicklingFreezingExample :fish, prawn, fruits

Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot grow without waterExample :Eggs, water

Reason :Boiled will killed bacteria and fungiExample :eggs, vegetables, fruits

Reason :Cold temperature slow down the growth of bacteria and fungiExample :Biscuits, crackers,

Reason : Bacteria and fungi cannot grow without water

Reason : Prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi

Example :Fruits, chili, fish

Bottling/ canningPasteurisingSaltingReason :Bacteria and fungi cannot active at a very low temperature

Example :Fish, meat

Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot grow without air

Example :Meat, fish, fruits

Reason :Destroy microoganism

Example :Milk, yogurt

Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot grow in very salt substances

Example :Fish, eggs

Reason :Dry the food

Example :Fish, meat

Reason :Slow down the loss of water

Example :Fruits

SmokingWaxing1. 2. Synthesising the concept of food preservation

The importance of preserving food

To prevent the wastage of food1.3. Realising the importance of preserving food

Waste disposal

GasLiquidSolid

Open burningLitteringChanelling- waste factories into river Releasing smokeand dangerous gasses Treat waste waterKeep environment and home cleanReuse and recyclerubbish and waste Reduce carBuild factories farfrom home

Smoke dissolved form weak acidKills plants & fishDestroys building & bridges

Rubbish thrown in rivers or drain Cause flash-floods& water over flowKill plants & animals in the river

Open burningCause asthma & eye irritationAir pollution

DiseaseCause by eating polluted fish and plants

2.1. Understanding the effects of improper of on the environment

Animal extinction Habitats destructionSpoil natural beautyChange Climate

Tin can Plastic Synthetic Glass Metal objects

Give out poisonous gas Unpleasant smell

Return nutrient to soil Prevent rubbish from accumulate

Paper Wood Food Meat

Fungi Bacteria

Waste thatcan decayWaste that decayWaste that do not decayMicrobes that causewaste to decay Advantages of waste decayingDisadvantages of waste decayingWhat will happen ifwaste do not decay2.2. Understanding that some waste can decay

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH & THE UNIVERSE

Eclipse of the moonThe Earth is between the Sun and the MoonThe Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a straight lineThe Earths position blocks sunlight from reaching the MoonThe Earths shadow is formed on the Moon surface and cause an eclipse of the Moon1.1. Understanding the eclipse of the moon

ECLIPSE OF THE SUNThe Moon is between the Sun and the EarthThe Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a straight lineThe Moons blocks the sunlight from reaching the EarthThe Moons shadow is formed on the Earths surfaceThe place that experienced full eclipse is completely dark during the day timePHASES OF THE SUN DURING THE ECLIPSE1.2. Understanding the eclipse of the sun

INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

WHEEL AND AXLELEVERWEDGEPULLEYGEARINCLINED PLANESCREWTo carry or move heavy objects e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor To lift heavy objects easiereg. stairs , slanting wooden plankTo carry to move heavy objects easilyeg screw driver , car spannerTo carry or lift objects to a higher placeeg. flag pole , crane To cut or separate objectseg. knife , saw , axeTo fix two objects togethereg. drill bit , spannerTo move objects easilyeg. Gear in a watchA device that allows us to use less force to make work easier or faster1.1. Understanding simple machines

ComplexmachineWheelbarrowLever, wheel and axleCraneGear, pulley, leverEgg beaterGear, wheel and axleBicycleGear, lever, wheel and axleScissorsLever, wedgeHand drillWedge, wheel and axle1.2. Analysing a complex machine

MachinesDifficulty in moving heavy thingsWill not be able to travel from one place to another place which is farHelp to move heavy thingsWork in the fields is made easier and productivity of agricultural product is raisedConstruction work is made easier and can be completed fasterHelp us travel from one place to another1.3. Appreciating the invention of machines that make life easier

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