bio 4551 2 mid yr 2011

SULIT 4551/2

Pengesanan JPM 2011 2 [Lihat sebelah

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Section A/ Bahagian A

[ 60 marks/ 60 markah]

Answer all question in this section/ Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1.

P, Q and R in Diagram 1 show three types of interactions between organisms. P,Q, dan R dalam Rajah 1 menunjukkan tiga jenis interaksi antara organisma.

Diagram 1 Rajah 1

(a)(i) Name the type of interaction represented by Q and R. Namakan jenis interaksi yang ditunjukkan oleh Q dan R.

Q : ………………………………………………………………………………………

R : ………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(ii) Describe the interaction represented by R. Huraikan interaksi yang diwakili oleh R.

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[2 marks]

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(b) (i) In the interactions represented by Q and R, what terms are used to describe organisms X

and Y ? Bagi interaksi antara Q dan R , apakah istilah yang sesuai digunakan untuk menghuraikan organisma X

dan Y.

Organism X : …………………………………………………………………………… Organisma X :

Organism Y : ,…………………………………………………………………………… Organisma Y :

[2 marks]

(ii) State one characteristic of organism X that adapts it for the interaction. Nyatakan satu ciri penyesuaian bagi organisma X dalam interaksi itu.

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[1 mark]

(c) The wolf in the interaction represented by Q dies.

Explain what will happen to organism X. Serigala dalam interaksi yang diwakili oleh Q mati.. Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada organisma X.

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[2 marks]

(d) Saw dust can be used in the interaction represented by P for the commercial cultivation of

organism S. Explain how organism S can grow on saw dust. Serbuk kayu boleh digunakan dalam interaksi yang diwakili oleh P untuk penanaman organisma S secara

komersial. Terangkan bagaimana organisma S boleh tumbuh pada serbuk kayu.

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[3 marks]

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2.

Diagram 2.1 shows the experiment to study the movement of substances across the visking

tubing. The level of sucrose solution in the capillary tube is measured every 10 minutes

interval. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan radas yang digunakan untuk mengkaji pergerakan bahan merentasi tiub visking.

Paras larutan sukrosa dalam tiub kapilari diukur setiap selang 10 minit.

Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Name the process that causes the level of sucrose solution in the capillary tube

change. Namakan proses yang menyebabkan aras larutan sukrosa dalam tiub kapilari berubah.

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[1mark]

(ii) Explain the process in (a)(i) Terangkan proses dalam (a)(i)

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[2 marks]

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(b) The experiment is repeated by adding 1 ml of saliva into starch solution in the visking

tube as shown in Diagram 2.2 . Eksperimen ini diulangi dengan menambahkan 1 ml air liur ke dalam larutan kanji dalam tiub visking

seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.2.


A Benedict’s test shows that at the end of the experiment, the distilled water in the

beaker contain reducing sugar. Explain why. Ujian Benedict telah menunjukkan pada akhir eksperimen, air suling di dalam bikar didapati

mengandungi gula penurun. Terangkan mengapa.

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[2 marks]

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( c) Diagram 2.3 shows the condition of human cheek cells in three different concentration of

solutions. Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan keadaan sel pipi manusia dalam tiga larutan yang berbeza kepekatan.


(i) State the condition of human cheek cells in : Nyatakan keadaan sel pipi manusia dalam :

Solution Y : ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

Larutan Y

Solution Z: ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

Larutan Z

[2 marks]

(ii) Explain what happen to the human cheek cells in solution X. Terangkan apa yang berlaku ke atas sel- sel pipi manusia di dalam larutan X.

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[2 marks]

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3.

(iii) The human cheek cells in solution X is replaced with Paramecium sp. Explain

what will happen to the Paramecium sp. Sel pipi manusia dalam larutan X telah digantikan dengan Paramecium sp. Terangkan apakah

yang akan berlaku pada Paramecium sp. tersebut.

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[3 marks]

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Diagram 3.1 shows a parent cell T undergoing cell division X and Diagram 3.2 shows

another parent cell U undergoing cell division Y. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu sel induk T yang telah mengalami pembahagian sel X dan Rajah 3.2

menunjukkan satu sel induk lain U yang telah mengalami pembahagian sel Y.


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(a) Based on Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2, state two differences between these two type

of cell division. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2 , nyatakan dua perbezaan di antara dua jenis pembahagian sel

tersebut.

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[2 marks]

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(b) (i) A plant cell where 2n=4 , undergoes two consecutive cell divisions of cell

division X. How many daughter cells are produced ?

Sel tumbuhan di mana 2n=4 , telah mengalami pembahagian sel X sebanyak dua kali

berturut-turut. Berapakah jumlah bilangan sel anak yang terhasil.

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[1 mark]

(ii) Draw one of the daughter cells produced in the space provided below .

Lukiskan satu sel anak yang terhasil dalam ruangan yang disediakan di bawah.

[2 marks]

(c ) Explain briefly how cell division X maintains the genetic stability in an organism. Terangkan secara ringkas bagaimana pembahagian sel X dapat mengekalkan kestabilan

genetik dalam sesuatu organisma.

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[2 marks]

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(d) Breast cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled of cell division X. Kanser payudara adalah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh pembahagian sel X yang tidak

terkawal.

(i) Name two chemical substances which cause this cancer. Namakan dua bahan kimia yang menjadi punca kanser ini.

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[2 marks]

(ii) Suggest one best method to treat this disease. Explain how the method stops the

growth of the cancer cells. Cadangkan satu kaedah terbaik yang boleh digunakan untuk merawat penyakit ini.

Terangkan bagaimana kaedah rawatan ini dapat menghentikan pertumbuhan sel-sel

kanser.

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[3 marks]

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4.

Diagram 4.1 shows the structure of a human leg. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan struktur bahagian kaki manusia.

Diagram 4.1

Rajah 4.1

( a) Name the parts labelled S and T. Namakan bahagian berlabel S dan T

S : .......................................................................................................................

T : .......................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(b) (i) Explain the role of S and T to bend the leg.

Terangkan peranan S dan T untuk membengkokkan kaki.

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[2 marks]

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(ii) S and T will need sufficient blood supply to function efficiently.

Explain why? S dan T memerlukan bekalan darah yang cukup untuk berfungsi dengan baik . Terangkan mengapa?

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[2 marks]

(c )(i) State the function of R Nyatakan fungsi R.

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[1 mark]

(ii ) State two physical characteristics of tissue R that enable it to carry out it’s

function efficiently. Nyatakan dua sifat fizikal R untuk membolehkannya berfungsi dengan baik.

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[2 marks]

(iii) What will happen if tissue R is torn off? Apakah yang akan berlaku jika tisu R mengalami kecederaan (terkoyak)?

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[1 mark]

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(d ) Diagram 4.2 shows an impaired musculoskeletal due to the progressive degeneration

of the skeletal muscles that control movement. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan sistem otot rangka yang tidak berfungsi dengan baik disebabkan penyusutan

otot rangka yang mengawal pergerakan.


(i) Name the disease shown in Diagram 4.2. Namakan penyakit seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2

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[1 mark]

(ii) What is the cause of the disease? Apakah penyebab penyakit tersebut?

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[1 mark]

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows the regulation of blood glucose level in humans. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan pengawalaturan glukosa darah dalam manusia.

Diagram 5.1

Rajah 5.1

(a) (i) Based on Diagram 5.1, name hormone M. Merujuk Rajah 5.1, namakan hormon M.

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[1 mark]

(ii) State the function of hormone M. Nyatakan fungsi hormon M.

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[1 mark]

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Diagram 5.2 shows the graph of blood glucose levels after glucose intake by individuals P and

Q. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan graf aras glukosa darah selepas pengambilan glukosa oleh individu P dan Q.


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(b) Based on Diagram 5.2, explain the difference between the graphs of individuals P and Q in

relation to their blood glucose concentrations during the whole duration. Merujuk Rajah 5.2 , terangkan perbezaan antara graf individu P dan Q berkaitan dengan kepekatan

glukosa darah di sepanjang tempoh masa tersebut.

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(c) Individual P was diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus. Explain a suitable clinical

treatment that may overcome his health problem. Individu P telah didiagnos menghidap diabetes mellitus. Terangkan rawatan klinikal yang sesuai untuk

mengatasi masalah kesihatannya.

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[4 marks]

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(d) Individual P would like to find out if his urine contains glucose. Suggest a laboratory experiment

to detect the presence of glucose. Individu P ingin mengetahui sama ada air kencingnya mengandungi glukosa . Cadangkan satu

eksperimen makmal untuk mengesan kehadiran glukosa dalam air kencingnya

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[3 marks]

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SECTION B

[40 marks]

Answer any two questions from this section. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows two individuals, P and Q in two different situations. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan dua individu , P dan Q dalam situasi yang berbeza.

Diagram 6.1 / Rajah 6.1

(a) Based on Diagram 6.1, Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1,

(i) explain the cellular respiration process that occurs in individual P and Q. terangkan proses respirasi sel yang berlaku dalam individu P dan Q.

[ 6 marks]

(ii) state the differences between the process that mention in 6(a)(i) nyatakan perbezaan antara proses yang dinyatakan dalam 6(a)(i).

[ 4 marks]

(b) Diagram 6.2 shows respiratory organs in an insect and human . Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan organ respirasi bagi serangga dan manusia.


Explain one similarity and four differences between the respiratory organs of insects and

human. Terangkan satu persamaan dan empat perbezaan antara organ respirasi bagi serangga dan manusia.

[ 10 marks]

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7. (a) Diagram 7.1 shows the structure of a synapse. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan struktur satu sinaps.

Diagram 7.1/ Rajah 7.1

Explain the transmission of chemical signals across the synapse. [4 marks] Terangkan pemindahan isyarat kimia merentasi sinaps.

. (b) Diagram 7.2 shows a reflex arc that involves neurone P and Q. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan arka reflex yang melibatkan neuron P dan Q.

Diagram 7.2/ Rajah 7.1

Pn. Aminah was involved in an accident . After she recovered from the injury, she

noticed that her hand cannot feel any pain when she accidentally touch a hot pot.

Based on Diagram 7.2 and your biological knowledge, explain what happen to Pn.

Aminah. [6 marks]

Pn. Aminah terlibat dengan satu kemalangan. Selepas dia sembuh daripada kecederaan, dia mendapati bahwa tangannya tidak merasa sakit apabila terpegang periuk yang panas.

Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 dan pengetahuan biologi anda, terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada Pn. Aminah.

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(c ) Table 7.1 shows the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma, glomerular filtrate and

urine of an adult. Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan kepekatan bahan larut di dalam plasma darah, hasil turasan glomerulus dan air

kencing pada seorang dewasa.

Solute Zat Terlarut

Concentration of solutes (g/dm3)

Kepekatan zat terlarut (g/dm3)

Blood plasma in the

afferent arteriole Plasma darah dalam

arteriol aferen

Glomerular filtrate Turasan glomerular

Urine Urin

Glucose/ glukosa 1.0 1.0 0.0

Amino acid / asid amino 1.5 1.5 0.0

Protein / protein 80.0 0.0 0.0

Urea/urea 0.3 0.3 20.0

Sodium ion, Na+

Ion sodium, Na+

3.2 3.2 1.6

Table 7.1/ Jadual 7.1

Based on Table 7.1, explain why the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma,

glomerular filtrate and urine of the adult differ. Berdasarkan Jadual 7.1, terangkan mengapa kepekatan bahan larut dalam plasma darah, hasil turasan

glomerulus dan air kencing adalah berbeza pada seorang dewasa.

[10 marks]

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8. Table 8.1 shows the lunch menu of a student.

Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan menu makanan tengahari seorang pelajar.

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Ghee rice / Nasi Minyak

Milk / Susu

Fish curry / Kari ikan

Banana / Pisang

Egg / Telur

Table 8.1 / Jadual 8.1

(a) Based on Table 8.1 , describe what happen to the final products of digestion of the food

in the cells of the student’s body. [10 marks] Berdasarkan Jadual 8.1, jelaskan apa yang berlaku kepada hasil pencernaan makanan

tersebut di dalam sel badan pelajar itu.

(b) Daily energy requirement for a girl aged 15 is 9000 kJ . Keperluan tenaga bagi seorang remaja perempuan berumur 15 tahun ialah 9000 kJ setiap hari.

Table 8.2 shows types of food, quantity and energy content of her daily menu. Jadual 8.2 menunjukkan jenis makanan, kuantiti dan kandungan tenaga bagi makanan

hariannya.

Types of food Jenis makanan

Quantity (g) Kuantiti ( g )

Energy Content ( kJ /100 g ) Kandungan tenaga

Rice/ nasi 350 1500

Chips / keropok 100 1000

Roasted Chicken/ ayam panggang

300 800

Grilled Beef/ daging salai

150 1200

Boiled potato/kentang

rebus 150 500

Chocolate/coklat 150 2500

Yoghurt/yogurt 200 200

Egg / telur 150 600

Table 8.2 / Jadual 8.2

Calculate the total energy value taken by the girl daily .

If she continues to take the menu everyday for a long time, explain the

consequences of the habit to her health. [10 marks] Hitungkan jumlah nilai tenaga harian yang diambil oleh remaja tersebut.

Sekiranya menu tersebut diambil setiap hari dan berterusan dalam jangka masa yang

lama, terangkan kesan tabiat pemakanan ini ke atas kesihatannya.

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9. (a) Diagram 9.1 shows an environmental phenomenon. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan satu fenomena persekitaran.


Based on the Diagram 9.1 name this phenomenon .

Explain the actions which can be taken to overcome this phenomenon. [10 marks] Berdasarkan Rajah 9.1, namakan fenomena ini dan terangkan tindakan yang boleh diambil untuk

mengatasi fenomena ini.

(b) Farmers add chemical fertilisers and spray insecticides on their crops. Discuss the good

and bad effects of both activities and their impact on agriculture and the environment.

[10 marks] Para petani menambahkan baja kimia dan menyembur racun serangga kepada tanaman .

Bincangkan kesan baik dan buruk kedua-dua aktiviti tersebut terhadap pertanian dan persekitaran.

END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

MAKLUMAT KEPADA CALON

This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.

1. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A clearly in spaces

provided in the question paper. Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian A hendaklah ditulis pada ruang yang

disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini.

2. Answer any two questions from Section B. Write your answers for Section B on the

answer sheet provided in the question paper. You may use equations, diagrams, tables,

graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B hendaklah ditulis

dalam ruangan jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. Anda boleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah,

jadual, graf, dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda.

3. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan

The marks allocated for each question or sub-part of a question are shown in brackets.

Markah yang diperuntukan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam kurungan.

4. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Then write

down the new answer. Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibuat. Kemudian

tulis jawapan yang baru.

5. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator. Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.

6. You are advised to spend 90 minute to answer question in Section A and 60 minutes for

Section B. Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam Bahagian A dan 60 minit

untuk Bahagian B.

bio 4551 2 mid yr 2011

Education