Alkohol dan Kesannya kepada Kesihatan

4.5: Proses Pembuatan Sabun daripada Minyak dan Tindakan Pencucian Sabun Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk membuat sabun di dalam maknal.

Diagram 6 shows an apparatus set up for waking soap in a laboratory.

Apakah nama proses ini?

What is the name of this process?.........................................................................................................................................................

(b) Apakah bahan X?

What is substance X?

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(c) Apakah bahan yang digunakan untuk memisahkan sabun daripada air?

What is the substance used to separate the soap from water?

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(d) Tuliskan persamaan perkataan bagi proses ini.

Write the word equation for this process.

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(e) Lukis dan labelkan satu molekul sabun.

Draw and label a soap molecule.

(f) Apakah makna/ What is meant by

(i) hidrofilik/hydrophilid?

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(ii) hidrofobik/hydrophobic?

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4.6: Polimer Semula Jadi Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan bikar yang berisi lateks segar. Asid formik ditambah kepada lateks di dalam bikar

X manakala larutan ammonia ditambah kepada lateks di dalam bikar Y. Diagram 2.1 shows two beakers which are filled with fresh latex. Formic acid is added to the latex in

beaker X while ammonie solution is added to the latex in beaker Y. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen selepas 30 minit. Diagram 2.2 shows the results of the experiment after 30 minutes.

Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2, lengkapkan Jadual 2 dengan pemerhatian anda bagi eksperimen tersebut.

Based on Diagram 2.2, complete Table 2 with your observation of the experiment.

(b) Nyatakan satu inferens berdasarkan jawapan di (a)

State one inference based on your answer in (a).

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(c) Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

State one hypothesis for this experiment.

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(d) Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.

State one constant variable in this experiment.

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2.Diagram 4 shows an experiment to compare the elasticity of a natural rubber, (Rubber P) with a natura rubber that has been soaked in sulphur monochloride solution, (Rubber Q).Rajah 4 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk membandingkan sifat kekenyalan getah asli, (Getah P) dengan getah asli yang telah dicelupkan ke dalam larutan sulfur monoklorida, (Getah Q).

State the hypothesis that can be made from this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis yang boleh dibuat daripada eksperimen ini.

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(b) State the variables in this experiment.Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini.(i) Controlled variable/Pembolehubah dimalarkan:

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(ii) Manipulated variable/Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan:

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(c) Based on this experiment, which rubber is more elastic?

Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, getah manakah yang lebih elastik?

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3.Diagram 3.1 shows an experiment to study the effect of vinegar and ammonium solution on latex. Diagram 3.2 shows the result of the experiment after 30 minutes.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan cuka dan larutan ammonia ke atas lateks. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen selepas 30 minit.

Write down one observation from the result of this experiment.

Tulis satu pemerhatian daripada kepulusan eksperimen ini.

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(b) State one inference based on the observation in Diagram 3.2.

Nyatakan satu inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian di Rajah 3.2.

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(c) State one constant variable in this experiment.Nyatakan satu pemholehubah yang dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.

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(d) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis hagi eksperimen ini.

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(e) State the operational definition for acid.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi asid.

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BAHAGIAN C: SOALAN ESAI(a) State four differences between saturated fat and unsaturated fat.

Nyatakan empat perbezaan antara lemak tepu dengan lemak tak tepu.(b) Diagram 12 shows three examples of organic compounds used in daily life.Rajah 12 menunjukkan tiga contoh sebatian organik yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.

Study the objects in Diagram 12 and construct the concept of organic compounds. Your answer should be based on the following aspects:Kaji objek dalam Rajah 12 dan bina konsep sebatian organik. Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek berikut:(i)Identify two common characteristics /Kenal pasti dua ciri sepunya(ii)Give one other example of organic compound/ Beri satu conloh lain sebatian organik(iii)Give one example of inorganic compound and state one characteristic.

Beri satu contoh sebatian tak organik dan nyatakan satu ciri(iv)Relate the common characteristic to construct the concept of organic compound

Hubungkaitkan ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep sebatian organik