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ISILANA S OTNANARP RUJUJ AYRAK ”MACNAGNEM GNAY AOD “ NEPREC

NATAKEDNEP NAGNED RUTKURTS EMSILA KITENEG

NAD MALAD AYNISATNEMELPMI ANACNER NAD SUBALIS KUTNEB

NAANASKALEP ARTSAS NARAJALEBMEP AMS ID X SALEK II I RETSEMES ,

ISPIRKS

taS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD taraysarP u nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

hareaD nad ,aisenodnI artsaS ,asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP

:helo nususiD

fatkO atI itawardnI inai

410422150

HAREAD NAD ,AISENODNI ARTSAS ,ASAHAB NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

SAHAB NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ INES NAD A

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATUKLAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

ISILANA S OTNANARP RUJUJ AYRAK ”MACNAGNEM GNAY AOD “ NEPREC

NATAKEDNEP NAGNED RUTKURTS EMSILA KITENEG

NAD MALAD AYNISATNEMELPMI ANACNER NAD SUBALIS KUTNEB

NAANASKALEP ARTSAS NARAJALEBMEP AMS ID X SALEK II I RETSEMES ,

ISPIRKS

taS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD taraysarP u nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

hareaD nad ,aisenodnI artsaS ,asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP

:helo nususiD


410422150

HAREAD NAD ,AISENODNI ARTSAS ,ASAHAB NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

SAHAB NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ INES NAD A

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATUKLAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH

ayas ini silut ayraK srep e mem halet gnay TWS hallA adapek nakhabm nakireb

hayadih nad ,kifuat ,tamhar -N dih hakgnal paites malad ay nad ayas pu gnaro aumes

.hirmap apnat utnabmem atres ,tagnames nad ,aod ,nagnukud nakirebmem halet gnay

:aut gnarO

kutnu ayas isaripsni idajnem gnay ,muhramla sidahuM nihkuN ilA kapaB

leynem se unepuk nakA .ini ispirks nakia .umkutnu ukijnaj ih

et ,atnicret itranuS ubI ayas hisak ,aod kutnu hisak amir nad ,naitahrep ,gn

nirek nad atam ria setet pait nagnaujrep eb tagnas ukA .tag r halret rukuys ri

.umkana iagabes

kutnu hisak amiret ,hisakret oytidA uyaB uak gnay tagnames nad aod ,nagnukud

.ireb .ukigab itrareb tagnas uti aumeS

omtaY raseb agraulek huruleS ograM raseb agraulek nad ojrahiM gnay onsirtuS

.ukpudih nanalajrep ianrawem halet


v

M OTTO

“ ATIK AKIJ UHAT HANREP KAT ATIKABOCNEM HANREP KAT “


iv

HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU

:amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawabid nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN : I I inaifatkO at itawardn

MIN : 0 042215 41

s nakatayneM e up nizi nakirebmem kutnu ujut isakilb kutnu kah atres

uata ,tenretni id aloleggnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem

atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial aidem

ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak atrakaygoY amrahD “ gnay aoD“ nepreC sisilanA

otnanarP rujuJ ayraK ”macnagneM nad kiteneG emsilarutkurtS natakedneP nagned

narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR nad subaliS kutneB nalad aynisatnemelpmI

X saleK AMS id artsaS II .I retsemeS , ” yas irad nizi atnimem ulrep apnat nupuam a

nakirebmem apek itlayor iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas ad

.silunep

. aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

,atrakaygoY 52 iluJ 102 2

,siluneP



iiv

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

ggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhu

naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro silut ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem kadit

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes akatsup ratfad nad napituk malad

,atrakaygoY 52 luJ i 102 2

,siluneP

kO atI fat itawardnI inai


iiiv

KARTSBA

itawardnI , atkO atI f inai 102 . 2 . “ ayraK ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ nepreC sisilanAotnanarP rujuJ nad kiteneG emsilarutkurtS natakedneP nagned

naanaskaleP anacneR nad subaliS kutneB nalad aynisatnemelpmIAMS id artsaS narajalebmeP X saleK II I retsemeS , ” :atrakaygoY .ispirkS .

.DSU .PIKF .DISBP

ini naitileneP ini naitilenep atad rebmus anerak artsas naitilenep nakapurem kisnirtni rusnu sisilanagnem itileneP .neprec apureb gnay artsas ayrak nakapurem

oD“ neprec malad gnudnakret gnay otnanarP rujuJ ayraK ”macnagneM gnay a .kisnirtni rusnu naidumeK nagned ijakid tubesret kurts sisilana .kiteneg emsilarut

helorepid gnay kisnirtni rusnu sisilana lisah nakgnabmegnem itilenep ayntujnaleS balis apureb narajalebmep nagnacnar kutneb malad ek naanaskalep anacner nad su

X saleK AMS artsas isaiserpa )PPR( narajalebmep II .I retsemeS ,

rusnu nahurulesek nakispirksidnem itilenep ini naitilenep lawa nataigeK ,amet ,ratal ,rula ,hokot : itupilem gnay ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec kisnirtni

dus ,tanama nad neprec kisnirtni rusnu aratna nagnubuh nad ,asahab ,gnadnap tu nataigeK .kiteneg emsilarutkurts natakednep nakanuggnem kisnirtni rusnu naijak

gabes narajalebmep nahab nusuynem itilenep ,ayntujnales isatnemelpmi dujuw iacnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec sisilana aynisatnemelpmi nad otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”ma

r nad subalis kutneb nalad nacne s narajalebmep naanaskalep a X saleK AMS id artsa II , naanacnerep nahaB .I retsemeS s narajalebmep naanaskalep anacner gnay artsa

.PPR nad subalis nagnacnar irad iridret nususid

lanA otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec kisnirtni rusnu sisi lartnes hokoT .tanama nad ,amet ,asahab ,gnadnap tudus ,ratal ,rula ,hokot ;itupilem ,oraniS ,anitsaL hokot nakgnades ,aresnoM halada ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec

irep hokot iagabes mitaD ini lah ,ujam rula tafisreb ini neprec malad rulA .laref atres sigolonork araces gnusgnalreb gnay aresnoM namalagnep hasik iulalem iadnatid ini neprec malad gnudnakret gnay rataL .tutnur gnay utkaw naturu malad adareb

laisos nad ,utkaw ,tapmet ratal halada aynidajret isakol iadnanem tapmet rataL . ,nabalaS iregen ,irapmA atok itupilem tapmet ratal ,aresnoM imalaid gnay awitsirep

awitsireP .ramadoR atok - utkaw adap aresnoM helo imalaid kaynab gnitnep awitsireps rataL .irah gnais adap aguj ,irah malam nad igap ini neprec malad tapadret gnay laiso

gnay aoD“ neprec malaD .aresnoM helo imalaid gnay naniksimek nakrabmaggnem .imahapid hadum gnay aisenodnI asahab nakanuggnem gnaragnep ”macnagneM

senodnI asahab ukab asahab nakanuggnem ini neprec malad golaid nad asahaB .aiuggnem kaynab gnaragneP tamilak nakan - tamilak edi nakpakgnugnem kutnu gnajnap

hokoT .uhat aham naaid halada gnaragnep nakanugid gnay gnadnap tuduS .aynatirec nial natubes uata ,”aresnoM“ hokot aman naktubeynem nagned nakatirecid aynamatu

ikalel“ itrepes takgnaid gnay ameT .”hitel hajawreb ayar ayak ikalel“ ,”uti suruk


xi

hokot nitab natalugrep gnatnet halada ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad nahuT macnagnem irabmes aodreb ulal aI .aynpudih haburem nigni gnay aresnoM

awitsireP .naklubakid kadit aynaod akij aresnoM imalaid gnay awitsirep imedlisahreb asarem ai nad aynpudih haburem nahuT macnagnem ai akitek utaus aggniH .

aresnoM atirec rihka adaP .ayar ayak gnay aynpudih nagned aigahab kadit asaremd nagneD .asaib aisunam idajnem ilabmek aynirid naknignignem gnay amet ,naikime

aisunam nagnubuh takgnagnem nad ,lanosidart non amet kusamet ini neprec takgnaid amirenem pakis halada ini neprec malad tapadret gnay tanamA .aynnahuT nagned gnay rusnuratna nagnubuH .atik adap nakireb nahuT gnay apa adap rukuysreb nad

a ayrak nagned nagnubuh iaynupmem ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad ad - gnay aoD“ neprec malad takgnaid gnay ameT .nial gnay otnanarP rujuJ ayrak

ayrak nagned adebreb huaj kadit ”macnagneM - aguj gnay nial gnay rujuJ ayrak .laisos ametreb pmisid tapad aggniheS amet nagned netsisnok rujuJ awhab naklu - amet

tahil ai gnay apa irad atirec edi isaripsni helorepmem rujuJ nakanerakid ini laH .laisosawitsireP .aynratikes naadaek irad itama nad - atirec malad idajret awitsirep

awitsirep irad nanimrec nakapurem - ay awitsirep .takaraysam malad idajret gn

subalis kudorp aynnususret ini neprec sisilana naitilenep irad isatnemelpmInad lek AMS id artsas isaiserpa PPR X sa II nakanaskalem malaD .I retsemes

kepsa paites nakaiarugnem itilenep ,PPR nad subalis kudorp nagnabmegnepopmok aynsusuhk artsas isaiserpa narajalebmep naujut nagned naksaralesid nad nen

rujuJ ayraK ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec acabmem narajalebmep nataigek gnatnet.otnanarP

nabmegnep kudorP narajalebmep nataigek adap nakabocijuid muleb ini nag id gnuses gnay salek malad nagnarukek nanikgnumek ada ,naikimed nagneD .aynhug

tujnal hibel naitilenep nakukalid ulrep ,uti anerak helO .ini nagnabmegnep kudorp artsas isaiserpa PPR nad subalis kudorp isneisife nad sativitkefe iuhategnem kutnu

.aisenodnI


x

TCARTSBA

dnI fatkO atI ,itawar .2102 .inai “ no sisylanA ehT S trohS ehT gnay aoD “ deltitne yrotM narP rujuJ yb derohtua sa “ macnagne otna T no eh teneG ci msilarutcurtS

hcaorppA na d nosseL ehT dna suballyS fo smreT noitucexE ehT ni noitatnemelpmI stigninraeL ehT rof nalP drihT fo mreT retsemeS tsriF eht ni ssecorP roineS ni edarG

D loohcS hgiH eerge .” .PIKF .DISBP :atrakaygoY sisehT etaudargrednU .DSU

ipyt eht otni sllaf hcraeser sihT desab hcraeser yraretil fo lac fo evitom ehtlbup eht otni stnuoc taht ecnerefer hcraeser ezylana hcraeser ehT .yrots trohs fo noitaci

esopmoc taht stnemele cisnirtni eht gnay aoD” deltitne ,yrots trohs a otni snarP rujuJ yb derohtua sa ”macnagneM cisnirtni dnuof eht ,egats retal eht nI .otna

teneg fo tnemyolpme eht hguorht dezylana era stnemele ci - .hcaorppa msilarutcurts tamrof eht otni emoctuo hcraeser fo semehcs eht depoleved srehcraeser eht ,retaL gniniatsus rof ssecorp gninrael no nalp nossel eht dna suballys nalp nossel fo ngised

.noitaicerppa yraretil fo margorp gninnur eht

ahp laitini ehT tnemele elohw eht debircsed rehcraeser eht , hcraeser siht fo esyrots trohs a fo stnemele cisnirtni eht pu sekam ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ deltitne , taht

noitaler eht dna ,weiv fo tniop ,eulav larom ,stolp ,retcarahc fo tnemegagne eht srevoc smeti eht neewteb stnemele cisnirtni no noissucsid eht dna stnemele cisnirtni fo

eht htiw slaed esahp retal ehT .msilarutcurts citeneg fo hcaorppa eht syolpme gninrael fo tnemegnarra ni detsefinam sa lairetam eroc corp sisylana trohs eht no sse

deltitne yrots “ M gnay aoD agne n derohtua sa , ”mac narP rujuJ yb eht dna otna rof nalp nossel dna suballys fo ngised tamrof eht otni setaerc retal noitatnemelpmi

inrael erutaretil eht driht fo level eht no ssecorp gn ehT .loohcs hgih roines fo edargnekat neeb sah nalp nossel fo lairetam suballys fo stsisnoc tfard dexif fo mret eht otni

.nalp nossel dna

, yrots trohs eht no nevig stnemele cisnirtni fo srettam eht no sisylana ehT tniop , tolp , retcarahc fo smeti gnidliub eht srevoc“ macnagneM gnay aoD “ deltitne

nal fo elyts eht ,weiv fo stiderc erugif lartnec ehT .eulav larom dna , emeht , egaugL fo sretcarahc eht no seman yrots fo sevom eht otni raniS ,anitsa eht sa mitaD dna o

gnitnorf eht syolpme yrots eht otni sdnetnoc tolp ehT .retcarahc larehpirep - sevom no detacidni si hcihw , tolp fo skcart eht ot no sliar taht aresnoM fo drocer efil eht

dnuorgkcab ehT .emit fo niahc evitucesnoc eht ni sevlove dna ,redro lacigolonorhc dna ,noiger nabalaS ,nwot irapmA sa secalp lareves no seman yrenecs eht rof spord

doR a noisacco lartnec ehT .nwot ram fo tnemtcane eht otni semoc yltsom taht laicos ehT .thgin fo emit dna ,yaddim ,emit gninrom eht ni stes aresnoM fo retcarahc ytrevop fo tiartrop eht sedivorp yrots fo enecs eht otni sllif taht pordkcab

snoM fo gnivil eht otni detiderc si taht ecnatsmucric .are deltitne ,yrots trohs eht nI“ lausac fo secnairav eht otni detcerid eb ot sdnet rohtua eht , ”macnagneM gnay aoD


ix

eb ot sdnet yrots eht ,eugolaid dna egaugnal eht rof ylevitcepseR . hceeps fo secnairavnairav naisenodnI lamrof fo senot eht no detavitom eht ,esac siht nI .egaugnal sec

fo aedi eroc eht gnitacilpxe rof ecnetnes htgnel fo selyts eht gnisu eb ot sdnet rohtua tsom eht otni sllaf yrots eht gnidliub rof deyolpme si taht weiv fo tniop ehT .yrots

arahc niam ehT .retcarahc fo evitcepsrep tneicsinmo hguorht redaer rof detarran si retc sdnopserroc taht mret sserdda rehto yna ro , :”aresnoM“ gnisserdda eman fo naem eht

ro ”nam ynniks “ eht otni “ eht rof detomorp emeht ehT . ”scimim niadsid ni nam eht stcelfer ”macnagnem gnay aoD“ ,deltitne ,yrots trohs si taht etupsid latnem eht no

sed yltnetni taht aresnoM yb decneirepxe ehT .efil sih gnimrofer rof seri rof sgeb eh ,n .noitnasnepmocsid laitnetop sih rof ythgimla eht gninetaerht emit emas eht sa yarp

mih sekam aresnoM fo efil eht otni sward taht tneve ehT ot sdrawot gnitsiser eb ot gnitanracni rof flesmih no ssengnilliw si aresnoM ,tnemom gnignahc eno litnU .doG

ylnommoc a otni – siht ni detomorp si emeht eht ,eroferehT .gnieb namuh detaercnon fo erneg eht otni stnuoc yrots trohs - morp taht sepyt lanoitidart gnitnioj eht seto

lanif eht sa etasnepmoc eulav larom ehT .doG ehT dna gnieb namuh neewteb noitaler noitaler ehT .noitnetnI s’doG eht ot sdrawot noissimbus fo rettam eht si egassam

ts trohs eht ni stnemele denoitnem esoht gnoma M gnay aoD“ deltitne , yro gne macna ” t eht ot derapmoc sa erutan noitcnitsid eht rof llac ton seod trohs eht ni nevig semeh

” yrots M gnay aoD nagne derapmoc s ecnatsid erneg eht ekat ton seod sa llew sa ”macsi laicos no ssucsid ylgnimia taht ,otnanarP rujuJ yb derotua skrow srehto eht ot .eus

senil tnetsisnoc eht otni snur rujuJ taht kramer lanif a nward eb nac ereht ,eroferehT eht seviecer rujuJ taht rettam eht no detavitom si rettam sihT .noissucsid laicos fo

hT .tnemnorivne yrotisopxe nevig yna fo ecruos eht no aedi yrots fo noitaripsni e taht snoisacco rehto eht fo noitcelfer eht si yrots fo ecaps otni sllif taht ecnerrucco

.yteicos fo tneve largetni eht sa stnuoc

fo ngised eht morf desopmoc ,sisylana hcraeser eht fo noitatnemelpmi ehToissucsid lanoitces eht no nalp nossel dna suballys of noitaicerppa yraretil fo n eht r

driht eht fo retsemes tsrif hcae setacilpxe srehcraeser eht ,loohcs hgih roines fo edarg fo evitcejbo gninrael fo senil eht otni sdnopserroc taht tnenopmoc yrots fo mret

rettam eht no ylralucitrap ,noitaicerppa erutaretil trohs gnidaer fo – ,deltitne ,yrotsM gnay aoD“ narP rujuJ yb derohtua sa ”macnagne si lasoporp tnempoleved sihT .otna

a nevig si ereht ,erofereht .gninrael lacitcarp moorssalc fo smret eht otni tup tey tonudorp siht ni stsixe seod kcal eht taht ytinutroppo eht seriuqer taht tnempoleved tc

suballys fo ycneiciffe dna ssenevitceffe eht gnilaever rof hcraeser fo slevel rehtruf .aisenodnI ni noitaicerppa erutaretil no nalp nossel eht dna tcudorp


iix

RATNAGNEP ATAK

nahuT adapek naktajnap silunep rukuys nad ijuP sata asE ahaM gnaY ,hisak

nad ainurak naatreynep - gnay ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes ayN

ludujreb “ sisilanA otnanarP rujuJ ayraK ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ nepreC nagned

ad subaliS kutneB nalad aynisatnemelpmI nad kiteneG emsilarutkurtS natakedneP n

X saleK AMS id artsaS narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR II I retsemeS , ” ini

usuyneP .racnal nagned s ihunemem kutnu naujutreb ini ispirks nan a tarays utas hal

,hareaD nad aisenodnI artsaS ,asahaB nakididneP anajraS raleg naktapadnem kutnu

rugeK satlukaF adap amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,nakididneP umlI nad nau

.atrakaygoY

sapel kadit ini ispirks nakiaseleynem silunep amales awhab iradaynem siluneP

kutnU .racnal nagned aynakiaseleynem tapad silunep agnihes nial kahip nautnab irad

silunep ini natapmesek adap uti kahip adapek hisak amiret nakpacugnem nigni - kahip

ini amales gnay nad ,aod ,nagnorod ,tahesan ,nagnibmib ,nautnab nakirebmem

.ini ispirks nasilunep rihka iapmas lawa irad aynagrah ialinret kadit gnay amasajrek

nakiapmaynem silunep uti lah nagned nagnubuheS :adapek hisak amiret

.1 rD gninaiteS anailuY . his argorP alapeK ukales .DISBP idutS m

.2 .J.S ajrahiD atparP .J .srD , muH.M . dP.M ,.dP.S ,aharguN irT ayteS nad

s ,aganet ,utkaw naknabrognem nanekreb gnay gnibmibmep nesod ukale

an nad narabasek ,narikip ales tahes silunep gnibmibmem am .


iiix

.3 nakirebmem halet gnay ijugnep nesod ukales .muH.M ,otnamhaR .B .srD

.kiab hibel idajnem ini ispirks aggnihes naras nad kitirk

.4 hareaD nad aisenodnI artsaS ,asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP nesoD aumeS

p adapek umli ilakebmem halet gnay .iduts amales silune

.5 airaterkeS t .silunep nahailukrep naracnalek utnabmem halet gnay DISBP

.6 agned halet gnay atnicret adnubI nad hayA n nakirebmem narabasek hunep

nakiaseleynem upmam silunep aggnihes ayaib nad ,gnayas hisak ,tahesan ,aod

ni ispirks nad iduts .i

.7 tagnames nad ,aod ,tahesan irebmem rabas nagned gnay oytidA uyaB

.iaseles tapad ini ispirks aggnihes

.8 namet aumeS - namet 002 natakgna 5 DISBP nad , namet - namet ukkiab sata

nad nautnab sajrek a .ini amales aynam

.9 ameT n- M :”7 oplakiwojorB“ tsok namet ,kuyA kab ,oreV ,hitaR ,atiR ,ahaM

.idA nad .kiab nilajret ini amales gnay naamasrebek kutnu hisak amireT

.01 ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad silunep utnabmem halet gnay kahip aumeS

.utas rep utas naktubes silunep nikgnum kadit gnay

mreb tapad ini ispirks agomeS b taafna kahip iga - gnay kahip em em .aynnakulr

,atrakaygoY 52 iluJ 102 2

siluneP


vix

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ........................ i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ........... ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .......... iii

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ..... vi

OTTOM ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... v

HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP RABMEL ................... . iv

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ ........................ . iiv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... iiiv

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... ix

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ..................... iix

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... vix

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................... iiivx

NAULUHADNEP I BAB ................................ ................................ ................. 1

halasaM gnakaleB rataL 1.1 ................................ ................................ ... 1

halasaM nasumuR 2.1 ................................ ................................ ............ 4

naitileneP naujuT 3.1 ................................ ................................ .............. 4

naitileneP taafnaM 4.1 ................................ ................................ ............ 5

halitsI nasataB 5.1 ................................ ................................ .................. 5

naitileneP pukgniL gnauR 6.1 ................................ ................................ 6

naijayneP akitametsiS 7.1 ................................ ................................ ...... 7


vx

IROET NASADNAL II BAB ................................ ................................ .......... 8

naveleR gnay naitileneP nauajniT 1.2 ................................ .................... 8

iroeT nasadnaL 2.2 ................................ ................................ ................. 01

kiteneG emsilarutkurtS natakedneP 1.2.2 ................................ ........... 01

1.1.2.2 pesnoK tS natakedneP silarutkur kiteneG em ..................... 01

2.1.2.2 S artsaS ayraK rutkurt ................................ ........................ 41

3.1.2.2 akitkelaiD namahameP - nasalejneP ................................ ... 51

saS ayraK kisnirtnI rusnU 2.2.2 neprec art ................................ ......... 71

hokoT 1.2.2.2 ................................ ................................ ................ 71

ameT 2.2.2.2 ................................ ................................ ................. 81

tanamA 3.2.2.2 ................................ ................................ .............. 12

4.2.2.2 rulA ................................ ................................ ................... 22

rataL 5.2.2.2 ................................ ................................ .................. 52

2 gnadnaP tuduS 6.2.2. ................................ ................................ .. 72

asahaB 7.2.2.2 ................................ ................................ ............... 92

epreC kisnirtnI rusnuratnA nagnubuH 8.2.2.2 n ............................ 03

kedneP atireC 3.2.2 ................................ ................................ ............ 13

ajalebmeP malad PSTK 4.2.2 aisenodnI asahaB nar .......................... 23

2.2 arajalebmeP naujuT 1.4. aisenodnI artsaS nad asahaB n .......... 33

edoteM 2.4.2.2 aisenodnI asahaB narajalebmeP .......................... 43

aideM nad nahaB 3.4.2.2 ................................ .............................. 93

ineP 4.4.2.2 artsaS narajagneP malad naial ................................ ... 93

moolB imonoskaT 1.4.4.2.2 ................................ ..................... 93


ivx

4.2.2 ydooM imonoskaT 2.4. ................................ .................... 54

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM III BAB ................................ ...................... 94

naitileneP sineJ 1.3 ................................ ................................ ................. 94

natakedneP 2.3 ................................ ................................ ....................... 94

uS 3.3 naitileneP ataD nad ataD rebm ................................ ..................... 05

naitileneP nemurtsnI 4.3 ................................ ................................ ......... 05

naitileneP edoteM 5.3 ................................ ................................ ............. 05

3 ugneP kinkeT 6. ataD sisilanA nad ataD nalupm ................................ .. 25

NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH VI BAB ................................ . 35

rujuJ ayraK ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ kedneP atireC sisilanA 1.4

otnanarP ................................ ................................ ............................. 35

hokoT 1.1.4 ................................ ................................ ........................ 35

rulA 2.1.4 ................................ ................................ ........................... 95

rataL 3.1.4 ................................ ................................ .......................... 46

gnadnaP tuduS 4.1.4 ................................ ................................ .......... 76

asahaB 5.1.4 ................................ ................................ ....................... 86

ameT 6.1.4 ................................ ................................ ......................... 96

tanamA 7.1.4 ................................ ................................ ..................... 07

gnay aoD“ nepreC kisnirtnI rusnuratnA nagnubuH sisilanA 2.4

otnanarP rujuJ ayraK ”macnagneM ................................ ................ 17

4 rataL nad hokoT 1.2. ................................ ................................ ........ 17

.4 2.2 asahaB nad hokoT ................................ ................................ .... 37

rulA nad hokoT 3.2.4 ................................ ................................ ......... 47


iivx

hokoT nad ameT 4.2.4 ................................ ................................ ........ 57

rulA nad ameT 5.2.4 ................................ ................................ .......... 67

4 tanamA nad ameT 6.2. ................................ ................................ ..... 87

ataL 7.2.4 rulA nad r ................................ ................................ ........... 97

L 8.2.4 eT nad rata am ................................ ................................ ......... 08

3.4 nepreC sineJ ................................ ................................ ...................... 28

4 4. malad kiteneG emsilarutkurtS ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ ................ 38

4.4 : ainuD nagnadnaP 1. “ macnagneM gnay aoD ” ........................... 38

4.4 2. ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ naaisunamek atkaF ........................... 48

4.4 namahameP 3. – nasalejneP ................................ .......................... 68

gnay aoD“ nepreC isatnemelpmI V BAB rujuJ ayraK ”macnagneM

,X saleK AMS id PPR nad subaliS kutneB malad otnanarP

I retsemeS ................................ ................................ ............................ 98

subaliS 1.5 ................................ ................................ .............................. 98

aleP anacneR 2.5 anask )PPR( narajalebmeP na ................................ ...... 09

PUTUNEP IV BAB

iseK 1.6 nalupm ................................ ................................ ....................... 601

isakilpmI 2.6 ................................ ................................ ........................... 801

raS 3.6 na niaL itileneP igaB ................................ ................................ ... 801

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ....................... 011

NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 211

B IFARGOI SILUNEP ................................ ................................ ...................... 421


iiivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD

T 1 naripmaL nepreC ske ................................ ................................ .................. 211


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

1.1 halasaM gnakaleB rataL

.nainesek apureb gnay naayadubek gnabac utaus nakapurem artsas ayraK

pureb gnay nainesek lisah aynrasad adaP rusnu gnudnagnem artsas ayrak a sitetse

nad ,urahret ,tamkin ,gnanes asar naklubminem gnay arap naitahrep kiranem

mkinep :5991 ,orotnaigruN( aynta )123 .

nad ,imahafid ,itamkinid kutnu nawartsas helo nakatpicid artsas ayraK

;takaraysam atoggna halada iridnes uti nawartsaS .takaraysam helo naktaafnamid

,onomaD( utnetret laisos sutats helo takiret ai ojdrameoS turuneM .)1:8791

:4891( nakpakgnuid gnay pudih namalagnep uata naataynek halada artsas ayrak ,)1

ces asahab nagned a P .naknasegnem nad kiranem ar onomaD irad nial tapadne

:8791( nad ;napudihek narabmag naklipmanem artsas awhab nakatagnem ,)1

pudihek duskamid gnay napudiheK .laisos naataynek utaus halada iridnes uti na

gnaro nagned takaraysam ,takaraysamratna nagnubuh pukacnem - ,gnaroes

awitsireP .gnaroeses nitab malad idajret gnay awitsirepratna nad ,aisunamratna -

eses nitab malad idajret gnay awitsirep halada ,artsas nahab iagabes ,gnaro

.takaraysam nagned uata nial gnaro nagned gnaroeses nagnubuh nalutnap

naitregnep iraD artsas awhab nalupmisek kiranem tapad atik sata id

ulrep gnaragnep laisos nagnadnap akam ,namaz naadaek nanimrec naknapurem

nutihrepid paggnaid tapad artsas anam huajes iapmas iuhategnem kutnu nakg

artsas akam ,tubesret lah iapacnem kutnU .takaraysam naadaek naknimrecnem


2

sukitirk aparebeB .utnetret natakednep nagned susuhk araces ijakid ulrep

s iagabes artsas igoloisos gnatnet gnuggniynem artsas igoloisoS .natakednep utau

oloisos aratna ,renilpisidretni umli utaus nakapurem ,itawsaraS( artsas nad ig

:3002 .)1

napudihek gnatnet irajalepmem itrareb artsas ayrak acabmeM rusnU . sitetse

p utnetret naasarep utaus naklubminem tapad gnay artsas ayrak tapad acabmep ada

.acabmep narikimep nad naidabirpek ,kataw ihuragnepmem tapad artsaS

irad naksapelid tapad kadit artsas ,aisunam napudihek igab taafnam nakirebmem

aisunam napudihek :4991 ,mihorbaJ iulalem ituyaS( .)4 P tapad artsas natayahgne

u naktaafnamid ,sata id naitregnep iraD .latnem naanibmep nakanaskalem kutn

.nakididnep ainud igab naktaafnamid tapad artsas awhab naklupmisid tapad

id nakididnep ainud malaD nakididneP nautaS takgniT mulukiruK ridah aisenodnI

awabmem gnay ad nahaburep kusamret ,halokes id narajalebmep mal

.artsasreb narajalebmep naulep irebmem ini mulukiruK g adapek nagnanewek nad

am hibel kutnu urug nad halokes nad nakgnabmegnem malad iridn

halokes paites naikimed nagneD .salek id narajalebmep naklanoisarepognem

naanaskalep malad ajas aynah ,lanoisan araces amas gnay radnats iaynupmem

.magareb

.urab gnay lah halnakub AMS awsis igab artsas isaiserpagnem nataigeK

anibmem malad fitkefe gnilap muidem utaus nakapurem artsas ayrak tagnigneM

atA( takaraysam kopmolek utaus uata awsis naidabirpek nad larom malad imeS r

:6002 ,otorusojojD artsas isaiserpa narajalep nakirebmem ilakes ulrep akam ,)18

.AMS awsis igab utas halaS neb uata neprec halada artsas ayrak kut .kednep atirec


3

irid isatabmem gnay atirec utaus halada kednep atireC utas halas sahabmem malad

rusnu aynkepsa malad iskif :4891 ,ojdramuS( licekret gnay sisilana iulaleM .)96

halognem kutnu kajaid awsis kednep atirec napudihek padahret akerem naakepek

hokot helo ilikawid gnay larom ialin nad - .kednep atirec malad id hokot nataigeK

ayrak isaiserpagnem anibmem kutnu anaras idajnem tapad kednep atirec sisilana

.AMS awsis igab artsas

sas isaiserpa narajalebmep sketnok malaD nagned aynnagnubuh nad art

gnatnet sahabmem kadneh silunep ,aisenodnI artsas nad asahab narajalebmep

neprec kisnirtni rusnu sisilana mi nad naacnerep kutneb malad aynisatnemelp

narajalebmep naanaskalep .subalis nad subalis apureb ini narajalebmep nahaB

nad salek AMS awsis igab artsas isaiserpa )PPR( narajalebmep naaskalep anacner

X II I retsesmes , . gnay neprec ,neprec apureb artsas isaiserpa narajalebmep aideM

.AMS awsis igab atirec amet nagned nakiausesid nad hilipid halet nakanugid

elo hilipid gnay nepreC ludujreb silunep h “ macnagneM gnay aoD rujuJ ayrak ”

ludujreb neprec nalupmuk ukub iulalem seskaid ini neprec nupadA .otnanarP

2002 SAPMOK nahiliP nepreC hanaT kajeJ 84 namalah , - .85 silunep nasalA

hilimem ialin taras nad kiranem ini neprec anerak ini neprec larom . ini nepreC

.aynmulebes itilenep helo itiletid hanrep muleb hokot gnatnet atirecreb ini nepreC

iagabes aynpudih nagned tihap namalagnep iaynupmem gnay aresnoM amanreb

gnay asahab nad anahredes gnay ayag nagned ini atirec naijayneP .niksim gnaro

edes nahr a .AMS awsis helo imahapid hadum nad ,

aresnoM hasik irad alumreB tapad ini neprec ,aynpudih namalagnep nagned

naseP .AMS awsis igab kusamret ,acabmep igab narajalep haubes idajnem - nasep


4

napudihek malad iggnit gnay larom ialin iaynupmem ini atirec malad .aisunam

“ neprec kisnirtni rusnu sisilana narajalebmep iulalem nakparahiD gnay aoD

macnagneM awsis igab artsas isaiserpa narajalebmep hadaw idajnem tapad ini ”

.naacab artsas ayrak padahret AMS

ispirks nusuynem kutnu kiratret itilenep ,sataid gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB

ludujreb C sisilanA nepre macnagneM gnay aoD“ ” otnanarP rujuJ ayraK nagned

kiteneG emsilarutkurtS natakedneP subaliS kutneB nalad aynisatnemelpmI nad

alebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR nad naraj artsaS X saleK AMS id II .I retsemeS ,

2.1 halasaM nasumuR

ini naitilenep halasam nasumur akam ,sata id halasam gnakaleb ratal nakasadreB

:tukireb iagabes

.1 anamiagaB rusnu kisnirtni ,tanama ,ratal ,hokot ,rula ,amet ; ,gnadnap tudus

ludujreb neprec “ otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM gnay aoD ?

.2 neprec isatnemelpmi anamiagaB otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM gnay aoD“

d alebmep mala AMS id artsas naraj X salek II ?I retsemes ,

3.1 naitileneP naujuT

;tukireb iagabes naujut iapacnem nigni ini naitilenep iulalem itileneP

.1 akispirksedneM rusnu n - kisnirtni rusnu ludujreb neprec gnay aoD“

?otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM


5

.2 tnemelpmi nakispirksedneM neprec isa ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ rujuJ ayrak

malad otnanarP X salek AMS id artsas narajalebmep II .I retsemes ,

4.1 naitileneP taafnaM

iagabes acabmep igab taafnam nakirebmem ini naitilenep parahreb itileneP

;tukireb

.1 awsiS

apad kutnu awsis utnabmem tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH t irajalepmem

kurts rusnu imahamem nad atirec kiab ,artsas ayrak malad tapadret gnay larut

.aynnial naacab artsas ayrak nupuam kednep

.2 uruG

agnabmitrep idajnem tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH kutnu ,urug igab n

bes nakanugid as narajalebmep nahab iaga yad naktakgninem atres arts a

.naacab artsas ayrak padahret awsis isaiserpa

.3 artsaS itileneP igaB

gnay nial itilenep igab narabmag idajnem tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH

nial itilenep utnabmem tapad aggnihes ,sinejes naitilenep nakukalem nigni

alem .aynnaitilenep nakanask

5.1 halitsI nasataB

nad salej hibel idajnem naitilenep raga halitsi nasatab nakirebmem itileneP

.kifiseps :tukireb iagabes halada aynhalitsi nasataB


6

.1 sisilanA

kutnu )nataubrep ,nagnarak( awitsirep utaus nakidileynep halada sisilanA

babes apa iuhategnem - anamiagab ,aynbabes :2002 ,IBBK( aynarakrep .)93

.2 nepreC

irid isatabmem gnay atirec halada halada kednep atireC halas sahabmem malad

rusnu utas iskif ay aynkepsa malad 4891 ,ojdramuS( licekret gn : .)86

.3 isatnemelpmI

askalep halada isatnemelpmI an .)8002 ,IBBK( naparenep ;na

.4 narajalebmeP

kulhkam uata gnaro nakidajnem nataubrep ,arac ,sesorp halada narajalebmeP

.)8002 ,IBBK( rajaleb pudih

.5 irtnI rusnU kisn

rusnu halada kisnirtni rusnU rusnU .iridnes uti artsas ayrak nugnabmem gnay

tsas ayrak iagabes ridah artsas ayrak nakbabeynem gnay rusnu ,ar - gnay rusnu

kaf araces ij iapmujid naka laut N( artsas ayrak acabmem gnaro ak ,orotnayigru

:5991 .)32

6.1 niL gnauR naitileneP pukg

naitilenep pukgnil gnauR helo pukacret gnay pukgnil uata haread halada

naitilenep pukgnil gnauR .itilenep gnay kisnirtni rusnu nakispirksednem halada ini

ajamer kana neprec adap tapadret otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ .

aitileneP nakumetid gnay naacab artsas ayrak kisnirtni rusnu nakrapamem ,ini n

tudus ,asahab ,ratal ,rula ,hokot :itupilem uti kisnirtni rusnu nupadA .itilenep helo


7

neprec kisnirtni rusnuratna nagnubuh nad ,tanama ,amet ,gnadnap malad

eneg emsilarutkurts natakednep kit .

7.I naijayneP akitametsiS

baB gnatnet naksalejnem I naujut ,halasam nasumur ,halasam gnakaleb ratal

,halitsi nasatab ,naitilenep taafnam ,naitilenep naitilenep pukgnil gnaur nad

.naijaynep akitametsis gnatnet naksalejnem II baB itilenep padahret nauajnit na

gnay :iroet nasadnal ,naveler ,artsas igoloisos rusnu kisnirtni k atirec artsas ayra

,kednep aisenodnI asahab narajalebmep malad PSTK nad ,kednep atirec . baB III

ianegnem isireb ini nej natakednep ,naitilenep si nad atad rebmus , ,naitilenep atad

,naitilenep tnemurtsni em nalupmugnep kinket ,naitilenep edot sisilana nad atad

.atad V baB .nasahabmep nad naitilenep lisah gnatnet naksalejnem VI baB

gnatnet naksalejnem IV baB .naitilenep lisah isatnemelpmi gnatnet naksalejnem

alupmisek .naras nad n


8

II BAB

IROET NASADNAL

1.2 naveleR gnay naitileneP nauajniT

naitilenep aparebeb nakumenem silunep ,akatsup narusulenep nakrasadreB

snu larutkurts sisilana gnatnet artsas ayrak kisnirtni ru d naveler gnay nagne

amatrep gnay naitileneP .ini naitilenep ukalid lo nak )5002( ihdnaguS suisyolA he

ludujreb gnay aynispirks nagned iraD umaT“ nepreC larutkurtS sisilanA

nahaB iagabeS aynisatnemelpmI nad otnanarP rujuJ ayraK ”atrakaJ

UMS id artsaS narajalebmeP suisyolA helo nakukalid gnay naitilenep malaD .

nakiaruid ,ihdnaguS nep gnatnet kitinem gnay larutkurts nataked adap naktareb

,ratal ,tolp uata rula ,nahokonep uata hokot :itupilem gnay neprec kisnirtni sisilana

rusnu nahurulesek gnatnet ispirksed halada ini naitilenep irad lisaH .amet nad

enep ayntujnales ,neprec kisnirtni iagabes narajalebmep nahab nusuynem itil

ayrak ”atrakaJ iraD umaT“ neprec kisnirtni rusnu sisilana isatnemelpmi dujuw

.UMS id artsas narajalebmep malad otnanarP rujuJ

P naitilene helo audek gnay aynispirks nagned )7002( itarajaF gnaiR atidilaV

ludujreb gnay nad ”gnadnuK nilaM“ nepreC kisnirtnI rusnU sisilanA

DS id artsaS narajalebmeP malaD aynisatnemelpmI gnay naitilenep malaD .

sed edotem halada nakanugid gnay edotem ,itarajaF gnaiR helo nakukalid k fitpir

ni rusnu nahurulesek sisilana gnatnet nakiarugnem gnay gnay neprec kisnirt

nagnubuh nad ,tanama ,amet ,gnadnap tudus ,asahab ,ratal ,rula ,hokot :itupilem

ispirksed halada ini naitilenep irad lisaH .kednep atirec kisnirtni rusnuratna


9

arajaF gnaiR ayntujnales ,tubesret neprec kisnirtni rusnu nahurulesek gnatnet it

rusnu sisilana isatnemelpmi dujuw iagabes narajalebmep nahab nusuynem

nahaB .DS id artsas narajalebmep malad ”gnadnuK nilaM“ neprec kisnirtni

anacner nad subalis nagnacnar sata iridret nususid gnay artsas narajalebmep

.narajalebmep naanaskalep

aitileneP ek gnay n agit nagned )9002( irasnayaW rabmiW naitilenep halada

ludujreb gnay aynispirks nimuJ aliB“ nepreC kisnirtnI rusnU larutkurtS sisilanA

narajalebmeP malaD aynisatnemelpmI nad armiW inefleZ ayraK ”muynesreT

AMS id artsaS ukalid gnay naitilenep malaD . ,irasnayaW rabmiW helo nak

sisilana adap naktareb kitinem gnay larutkurts natakednep gnatnet nakiaruid

,amet ,gnadnap tudus ,asahab ,ratal ,rula ,hokot :itupilem gnay neprec kisnirtni

enep irad lisaH .kednep atirec kisnirtni rusnuratna nagnubuh nad ,tanama ini naitil

rabmiW ayntujnales ,neprec kisnirtni rusnu nahurulesek gnatnet ispirksed halada

rusnu sisilana isatnemelpmi dujuw iagabes narajalebmep nahab nusuynem

malad armiW inefleZ ayrak ”muynesreT nimuJ aliB“ neprec kisnirtni

B .UMS id artsas narajalebmep sata iridret nususid gnay artsas narajalebmep naha

.narajalebmep naanaskalep anacner nad subalis nagnacnar

larutkurts sisilana gnatnet naitilenep nakapurem tubesret naitilenep agiteK

et naitilenep lisah uajninem haleteS .naacab artsas ayrak kisnirtni rusnu uluhadr

,uti gnay natakednep nagned ini naitilenep nakgnabmegnem nigni silunep

kiteneg emsilarutkurts natakednep utiay adebreb gnay naitilenep ,uti anerak helO .

.nakgnabmekid kutnu taafnamreb nad naveler hisam silunep nakukalid malaD

unep ,ini naitilenep nakispirksednem sil kisnirtni rusnu neprec “ gnay aoD


01

macnagneM ” otnanarP rujuJ ayrak . “ neprec sisilanagnem silunep naidumeK aoD

macnagneM gnay emsilarutkurts natakednep nagned otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”

.kiteneg S silunep ayntujnale ep naanacnerep nahab nusuynem iagabes narajalebm

sas narajalebmep irad isatnemelpmi dujuw sisilana aynsusuhk art rusnu kisnirtni

neprec “ macnagneM gnay aoD ayrak ” otnanarP rujuJ subalis malad nususret gnay

X salek AMS awsis kutnu )PPR( narajalebmep naaskalep anacner nad II ,

I retsemes .

2.2 iroeT nasadnaL

1.2.2 kiteneG emsilarutkurtS natakedneP

1.1.2.2 pesnoK natakedneP kiteneG emsilarutkurtS

ayacrep aI .nnamdloG neicuL helo nakakumekid kiteneg emsilarutkurtS

malad gnudnakret gnay halini ,rutkurts utaus nakapurem artas ayrak awhab

rts naitregnep ts ipateT .emsilarutku s gnay utaus halnakub uti rutkur ,sitat

suret gnay harajes sesorp irad kudorp nakapurem anerak simanid naknialem

takaraysam helo itayahid gnay gnusgnalreb halinI .adareb uti artsas ayrak anam id

gnay kiteneg halitsi nagned duskamid ay , iaynupmem uti artsas ayrak awhab uti

lasa - us harajes sesorp malad id )kiteneg( aynlusu ,itawsaraS( takaraysam uta

:3002 .)67

pesnok takgnarepes nakakumegnem nnamdloG ayniroet gnaponem kutnU

urts kutnebmem aynrihka gnay natiakreb gnilas gnay )irogetak( rasad emsilarutk

idat kiteneg :4991 ,kuraF( )21 atkaf halada uti irogetak uata rasad pesnoK .

adnap ,isarutkurts ,fitkelok kejbus ,naaisunamek n .nasalejnep nahamep ,ainud nag


11

.1 naaisunameK atkaF

b aisunam ukalirep uata sativitka lisah alages halada naaisunamek atkaF kia

sativitka ,laisos sativitka dujuwreb tapad uti atkaF .kisif gnay nupuam labrev gnay

ines nad ,kisum ines ,apur ines ,tafaslif itrepes larutluk isaerk nupuam kitilop

artsas :4991 ,kuraF( )21 . nakadebid tapad uti naaisunamek atkaf macam iagabreB

d idajnem aynah laudividni atkaF .laisos atkaf nad ,laudividni atkaf utiay ,au

,ipmim itrepes )fitgnitsni nagnorod( lanidibil ukalirep irad lisah nakapurem

nial nad alig gnaro ukal hakgnit - laudividni atkaf naikimed gnay ayntafis iraD .nial

ad nanarep iaynupmem kadit harajes malad nanarep iaynupmem gnaY .harajes mal

nakapurem naaisunamek atkaf awhab paggnagnem nnamdloG .laisos atkaf halada

nakatakiD .aynitra ada nad aynrutkurts ada idaj ,itrareb gnay rutkurts utaus

nakapurem uti naaisunamek atkaf anerak itra iaynupmem kejbus irad snopser

gabes ,laudividni uata fitkelok a raga ada gnay isautis habugnem kutnu ayapu i

iauses ,kejbus isaripsa igab kococ uata iapacnem ayapu malad utiay nagnabmiesek

.ratikes ainud nagned

majnimem nnamdloG tapadnep iP igolokisp tubesid gnay( tega

ratikes nagnukgnil nad aisunam awhab nakakumegnem tegaiP .)emsilarutkurts

adareb ulales labmit isarutkurts sesorp malad - ipat nagnatnetreb gnay kilab

isadomoka nad isalimisa utiay ,isignem gnilas sugilakes :3002 ,itawsaraS( )77 iD .

ulales aisunam kahip utas malad ek ratikes nagnukgnil nakisalimisagnem ahasureb

lisahreb ulales kadit uti ahasu nial kahip iD .aynnakadnit nad narikip ameks

isalimisagnem kadit aisunam ini lah malaD .nagnatnir iagabreb aynada anerak

ynirid padahret nagnukgnil domokagnem naknialem a rid nakisa malad ek ayni


21

.tubesret nagnukgnil artsas ayrak haluti isadomoka nad isalimisa sesorp malaD

sugilakes tubesret sesorP .aynitra helorepmem naaisunamek atkaf iagabes

.artsas ayrak rutkurts irad siseneg nakapurem

.2 fitkeloK kejbuS

ub naaisunamek atkaF halnak naknialem ajas utigeb lucnum gnay utauses

kejbus aratna nakadebmem nnamdloG .kejbus iagabes aisunam sativitka lisah

.fitkelok kejbus nad laudividni gnay duerF napaggna gnatnenem nnamdloG

ap kapmat itrepes laudividni kejbus iagabes kejbus naknakenem odibil narep ad

kutnu nagnurednecek halada gnatnetid gnaY .naidabirpek rutkurts malad

ek atkaf aumes nakilabmegnem ( naaisunam sos isulover itrepes op ,lai ,kitil

ayrak nad imonoke - k )raseb gnay larutluk ayrak udividnI .laudividni kejbus adape

l nagnorod nagned atkaf nakatpicnem upmam kadit aynodibi - gnay :tubesret atkaf

picid tapad halada laudividnisnart kejbuS .laudividnisnart kejbus halada aynnakat

.naigab nakapurem aynah udividni aynmalad id gnay ,udividni isatagnem gnay

kapurem nakub uti laudividnisnart kejbuS iridreb gnay udividni nalupmuk na

iridnes - kejbus tubesid gnay haluti ;nautasek utas nakapurem naknialem iridnes

.fitkelok .sirotsih nad laisos atkaf irad kejbus nakapurem gnay halfitkelok kejbuS

urem artsaS .satilatot utaus halada iridnes uti artsas ayraK irad kudorp nakap

habureb asaitnanes gnay laisos ainud - apurem artsas ayrak ,habu nautasek nak

kamreb gnay simanid ialin nadujuwrep iagabes ,an - awitsirep nad ialin - .awitsirep

letid asib kadit naataynrep utauS gnaro raul id hihas araces haa -s gnaroe gnay

usuynem uti naataynrep ;aynn atik alibapa hihas araces imahapid asib kadit nup

nagnubuh irad nusuynep is nakiarecnem abocnem - oisos nagnubuh - gnay sirotsih


31

apnat hihas araces imahapid tapad kadit artsas ayrak utaus ,idaJ .ayntabilem halet

ilem nad nusuynep is naktab sos ratal .aynihuragnepmem gnay lai fitkelok kejbuS

.raseb gnay artsas ayrak kejbus nakapurem gnay haluti laudividnisnat uata

.3 ainuD nagnadnaP

irad huruleynem skelpmok )1( halada ainud nagnadnap ,nnamdloG turuneM

nasagag - ,nasagag isaripsa - rep nad ,isaripsa naas - /nakgnubuhgnem gnay ,naasarep

atoggna takignem - s malad utnetret laisos kopmolek utaus atoggna nautasek uta nad

kopmolek irad aynnakadebmem gnay - nial gnay laisos kopmolek ,itawsaraS(

:3002 agabes gnabmekreb fitkelok naradasek iagabes ainud nagnadnaP .)87 lisah i

gnay fitkelok kejbus helo ipadahid gnay utnetret kimonoke laicos isautis irad

.aynikilimem .

iagabes gnabmekreb )2( uti ainud nagnadnap ,fitkelok naradasek iagabeS

fitkelok kejbus helo ipadahid gnay utnetret kimonoke nad laisos isautis irad lisah

ay lisah nakapurem uti ainud nagnadnap ,nial atak nagneD .aynikilimem gn

,iskaretni lisah iagabeS .ratikes isautis nagned fitkelok kejbus aratna iskaretni

abit nagned rihal kadit )3( ainud nagnadnap - araces nugnabret naknialem ,abit

nahalrep - pahatreb nad nahal . naikimedes uti ainud nagnadnap aynkutnebret sesorP

et aracibreb asib atik aggnihes ,apur mrofsnart gnatn ,satilatnem isa satilatnem irad

.urab satilatnem ujunem amal

uti ainud nagnadnap anerak gnajnap sesorp nakulremem ainud nagnadnaP

y naradasek nakapurem gna nakub( nikgnum gnay naradasek kadit gnay )atayn

ad gnaro paites gnay naradaseK .aynimahamem tap gnay naradasek halada atayn

udividni helo ikilimid - aynskelpmok aneraK .takaraysam malad ada gnay udividni


41

gna idajnem udividni anerak nad ,takaraysam naadaek rad atog i iagabreb

nad pakgnel araces iradaynem gnaraj udividni akam ,laisos nakopmolegnep

isaripsa irad hara nad ankam gnatnet huruleynem - ukalirep ,isripsa - nad ,ukalirep

isome - naktafisid kadit ainud nagnadnap ,haluti anerak helO .aynfitkelok isome

iagabes radasek ipatet ,atayn gnay naradasek utaus gnay na - naradaseK .nikgnum

gnay kopmolek nagnurednecek utaus nakataynem gnay naradasek halada nikgnum

nad nerehok gnay fitkepsrep utaus ,huruleynem gnay isnerehok utaus hara ek

ed aisunam nagnubuh ianegnem udapret mala nagned nad aynamases nagn

taas malad ilaucek aynkilimep iradasid gnaraj naikimed naradaseK .atsemes - taas

ayrak adap laudividni iserpske iagabes nad sisirk - .raseb gnay larutluk ayrak

nad imahapid ainud alibapa helorepid asib aynah idabirp naradaseK

pid hutuek utaus iagabes gnadna taus halada ainud nagnadnaP .na nad iskartsba u

ok gnay aynkutneb iapacnem .tafaslif nad artsas nalad terkn

.2.2 2.1 artsaS ayraK rutkurtS

imahapid ulrep ,artsas ayrak malad rutkurts naitregnep imahamem kutnU

amdloG nagnadnap ulud races artsas ayrak gnatnet nn a mumu ,itawsaraS(

:3002 )08 artsas ayrak awhab )1( :tapadnep aud nakakumegnem nnamdloG .

aynahasu malad )2( nad ,renijami araces ainud nagnadnap iserepske nakapurem

katpicnem gnaragnep ,uti ainud nagnadnap nakiserpskegnem kutnu atsemes na

,hokot .renijami araces isaler nad ,kejbo

gnaY .kitamet ayntafis gnay rutkurts pesnok nakakumegnem nnamdloG

aratna nad hokot nagned hokot ratna isaler halada aynnaitahrep tasup idajnem


51

aynratikes id ada gnay kejbo nagned hokot :3002 ,itawsaraS( 8 )0 . P aynnaitilene

gnay rutkurts nakpakgniynem ahasu adap utiay ,nautasek nemele adap naktasupid

.artsas ayrak nahurulesak atsemes rutagnem gnay udapret nad nerehok

.2.2 3.1 namahameP akitkelaiD - nasalejneP

nay( naaisunamek atkaf gnatnet nnamdloG nagnadnaP ayrak itupilem aguj g

itrareb gnay rutkurts utaus iagabes )artsas :3002 ,itawaraS( )08 aneraK .

anerak ,uti nialeS .nerehok gnurednec uti artsas ayrak akam ,rutkurts iaynupmem

utnu aisunam ayapu nagned nagnubuhreb uti artsas ayrak akam ,itra iaynupmem

acemem nalaosrep nakh - .atayn gnay laisos napudihek malad aynnalaosrep

,uti itrepes artsas ayrak ianegnem nauhategnep naktapadnem kutnU

edotem tubesid gnay edotem haubes nakgnabmegnem naidumek nnamdloG

kitkelaid :3002 ,itawsaraS( )18 nagned nagnubuhreb ini edoteM . halasam

nagnadnap halada ini edotem rasad pisnirp utas halas anerak ,sataid isnerehok

ka gnay naaisunamek atkaf gnatnet a taubid kadit ayniadnaes kartsba patet n

,ini natiak malaD .nahurulesek malad ek aynnakisargetnignem nagned terknok

gnem kitkelaid edotem nahurulesek“ utiay ,pesnok gnasap aud nabme - nad ”naigab

namahamep“ - ,”nasalejnep

nahurulesek“ pesnoK - nahurulesek aratna akitkelaid nakakumegnem ”naigab

naigab imahamem nagned imahapid tapad aynah nahurulesek awhab :naigab nad -

naigab ipatet naka aynnaigab - ab ualak imahapid tapad urab iridnes uti naig

namahamep akam ,ini pesnok nagneD .nahurulesek utas malad naktapmetid

suret rakgnilem gnay sesorp utaus iagabes tahilid - ek nahurulesek irad :surenem


61

etes nad nahurulesek ek naigab irad nad naigab nay halinI .aynsur lanekid g nagned

arakgnil n kituenemreh .)narisfanep narakgnil(

nahurulesek pesnoK namahamep nagned nagnubuhreb gnusgnal ini naigab

isah iagabeS .artsas ayrak l artsas ayrak akam ,ainud nagnadnap isarutkurts irad

rehok gnurednec gnay rutkurts utaus nakapurem artsas ayrak imahamem idaJ .ne

eb tubesret nahurulesek ,ipatet nakA .tubesret aynnahurulesek imahamem itrar

naigab helo nugnabid - mem kutnu aggnihes ,licek hibel gnay naigab a ayrak imah

aigab imahamem nagned nakukalid surah nahurulesek artsas n- tubesret naigab .

naigab aynnarilig adaP - nakkatelid apnat imahapid tapad kadit iridnes uti naigab

gabes tubesret artsas ayrak nahurulesek malad a .nerehok gnay rutkurts utaus i

irad naigab nakapurem aynranebes iridnes uti artsas sket ,numaN

raseb hibel gnay nahurulesek – ek ,napudihek( halini raseb hibel gnay nahurules

p ,naayadubek a idajnem uti sket rutkurts nakidajnem gnay )ainud nagnadn

tiak malaD .itra iaynupmem halini na pesnok nagnasap nakanuggnem nnamdloG

namahamep“ - salejnep a ”n :3002 ,itawsaraS( )18 nagned duskamid gnaY .

a namahamep ispirksednep ahasu halad .irajalepid gnay utnetret kejbo rutkurts na

ek tubesret rutkurts nakgnubuhgnem kutnu ahasu halada nasalejnep nupadA

.raseb hibel gnay rutkurts malad

G turuneM ep ,nnamdlo askal an iagabes gnusgnalreb uti kitkelaid edotem na

b tukire :3002 ,itawsaraS( 18 - )28 :

)1 abmem itileneP n takgnit nakirebmem aynpaggnaid gnay ledom haubes nug

.naigab rasad sata utnetret satilibaborp


71

)2 aynnakgnidnabmem nagned uti ledom padahret nakecegnep nakukalem aI

:nakutnenem arac nagned nahurulesek nagned

.a jeS nam hua a sisetopih malad ek nakgnubagret sisilanaid gnay tinu paites

;huruleynem gnay

.b nemele ratfaD - nagnubuh nad nemele - kadit gnay urab nagnubuh

;alumes ledom malad ipakgnelrepid

.c nemele isneukerF - nagnubuh nad nemele - aynipakgnelrepid gnay nagnubuh

dom malad .uti kecid hadus gnay le

2.2.2 kedneP atireC artsaS ayraK kisnirtnI rusnU

1.2.2.2 hokoT

arbA turuneM :5991 ,orotnayigruN iulalem( sm halada atirec hokot )561

gnaro - helo gnay ,amard uata fitaran ayrak utaus malad naklipmatid gnay gnaro

atilauk ikilimem nakrisfatid acabmep dnecek nad larom s e itrepes utnetret nagnur

pa nad napacu malad nakiserpskeid gnay malad nakukalid gnay a .nakadnit

:0002( ituyaS turuneM gnay nagnubuh iaynupmem aisunam nad iskif hokot )96

naidumek , aisunam takikah imahamem surah gnaragnep gnaroeS .skelpmok

aynnatamagnep nakrasadreb hokot nakisanijamignem ai - gnay iskif hokot ekilefil

)pudih itrepes( . naatpicnep nad hokot naijaynep halada nahokonep nakgnadeS

hokoT .hokot artic - iric nakrabmagid ulrep hokot - pakis atres tafis ,rihal iric

j aynkataw raga aynnitab anekid agu :8891 ,namijduS( acabmep helo l .)32


81

iskif atirec malad hokot sineJ

lretek iges irad tahilid hokoT iskif hokot ,atirec nahurulesek malad natabi

hokot nad amatu hokot uata lartnes hokot inkay ,aud idajnem nakadebid

ahabmat hokot uata larehpirep .n libmagnem gnay hokot nakapurem lartnes hokoT

.atirec malad awitsirep malad rasebret naigab nakutnetid tapad lartnes hokoT

.amet uata ankam nagned tabilret gnilap gnay hokot ,amatreP .arac agit nagned

ot nagned nagnubuhreb kaynab gnilap gnay hokot ,audeK hokot ,agiteK .nial hok

.naatirecnep utkaw nakulremem kaynab gnilap gnay firep hokoT hokot halada lare

gnukudnem aynnaridahek numan ,atirec malad aynnaridahek tikides gnay

.lartnes hokot naadarebek

retkarak/kataw iges irad tahilid hokoT iges inkay , - nay iges adap ucagnem g

udividni kutnebmem gnay larom nad ,isome ,nanigniek ,tanim aratna naruabrep

,anahredes hokot aynada lanekid uti kutnU .hokot elpmis uata , sretcarahc talf nad

,skelpmok hokot xelpmoc uata , sretcarahc dnuor . hokot halada anahredes hokoT

k gnay utas naklojnotid aynah nad aisunam satilanosrep nahutuek ilikawem gnaru

.ajas aynisis hadus gnay hokot epit aumes halada anahredes hokot kusamret gnaY

asaib .iskif malad pitoerets gnay uata ,railimaf hadus , halada talub hokoT hokot

irad tahilid tapad gnay .aynnapudihek isis aumes

2.2.2.2 ameT

sagag ,atirec ankam halada ameT T .atirec rasad uata ,lartnes na ame

nad malad nakgnaujrepid kadneh gnay utauses inkay ,lartnes nasagag nakapurem

iskif ayrak iulalem ,ituyaS( :0002 .)781 ameT nakumet atik tapad atirec utaus


91

etes .nahurulesek araces uti atirec acabmem hal :5991( orotnayigruN turuneM )77

d amet agit idajnem nakirogetakid tapa takgnit nakrasadreb :utiay ,nagnologgnep

awij namalagnep takgnit irad tahilid nagnologgnep ,simotokid nagnologgnep

ologgnep nad ,yelpihS turunem aynnaamatuek takgnit irad nagn ,orotnayigruN(

:5991 )08 .amet nagnologgnep agit ianegnem naksalejid naka ,tukireB .

.a lanoisidartnoN nad lanoisidarT ameT

amet adap kujnunem gnay amet iagabes nakduskamid lanoisidart ameT

uti“ gnay - let ai naitra malad ,ajas ”uti kanugrepid amal ha etid tapad nad na m naku

atirec rihka nagned nakrabmagid lanoisidart ameT .amal atirec iagabreb malad

rihka nagned iadnatid aynasaiB .nakiabek nakmananem gnay ,aigahab gnay

.nakiabek nagned halak itsap natahajek awhab atirec haubes

kgnadeS kadit gnay utauses takgnagnem aynasaib ,lanoisidartnon amet na

ameT .idajret asib uti lah nupiksem ,atirec utaus malad rajaw kadit gnay ,mizal

tafisreb anerak ,acabmep naparah nagned iauses kadit gnamem lanoisidartnon

elob nakhab ,naktujegnem ,sura nawalem ,nakawecegnem ,naklasegnem idaj h

.aynnial fitkefa iskaer iagabreb naklubminem uata

.b yelpihS turunem ameT natakgniT

uata ,mumu kipot ,anacaw kejbus iagabes amet nakitragnem yelpihS

ayrak amet nakadebmem yelpihS .atirec malad nakgnautid gnay amatu halasam

as gnep takgnit nakrasadreb natakgnit amil malad arts a iagabes utiay ,awij namal

tukireb 5991 ,orotnayigruN( : )08 .


02

.1 )lukelom iagabes aisunam( kisiF takgniT ameT

nakujutid uata ucagnem kaynab hibel ini takgnit adap ini artsas ayrak ameT

tivitka aynkaynab helo satilibom naknakenem hibel aI .naawijek adapirad kisif sa

.natukgnasreb gnay atirec hokot naawijek kilfnok adapirad kisif

.2 )amsalpotorp iagabes aisunam( kinagrO takgniT ameT

uata nad tukgnaynem kaynab ini kinagro takgnit adap artsas ayrak ameT

halasamrepmem halasam nak - tapad aynah gnay sativitka uata ,satilauskes halasam

napudihek halasam halada aynamet aynlasiM .pudih kulhkam helo nakukalid

.gnapmiynem gnay satilauskes

.3 )laisos kulkam iagabes aisunam( laisoS takgniT ameT

kapurem gnay ,takaraysamreb napudiheK iska tapmet na - ayniskaretni

nial nad ,mala nagnukgnil nad amases nagned aisunam - kejbo idajnem gnay nial

.amet nairacnep

.4 )udividni iagabes aisunam( kiogE takgniT ameT

iagabes aguj sugilakes aisunam ,laisos kulkham iagabes gnipmas iD

gnay udividni kulkham kah sata naukagnep ”tutnunem“ asaitnanes

nup aisunam ,udividni kulkham iagabes aynnakududek malaD .aynsatilaudividni

iskaer dujuwreb gnay aynlasim ,kilfnok nad nahalasamrep kaynab iaynupmem

halasam padahret aisunam - alasaM .aynipadahid gnay laisos halasam h

oge halasam apureb nial aratna uti satilaudividni ta ,irid agrah ,tabatram ,satisi ua

nad nitab tafisreb hibel aynmumu adap gnay ,aynnial aisunam utnetret pakis

.natukgnasreb gnay helo nakasarid


12

.5 takgniT ameT eniviD

nay ,iggnit gnay kulkham iagabes aisunaM aisunam paites utnet muleb g

,ini takgnit malad lojnonem gnay halasaM .ayniapacnem uata nad ,imalagnem

,satisuigiler halasam ,atpicneP gnaS nagned aisunam nagnubuh halasam halada

pudih nagnadnap itrepes aynnial sifosolif tafisreb gnay halasam iagabreb uata ,

.nanikayek nad ,isiv

.c nahabmaT ameT nad amatU ameT

edi idajnem gnay ,atirec gnudnakid gnay ankam halada amatu ameT - edi

ankam gnipmasid nad atirec isi nahurulesek irad rasad - malad id nahabmat ankam

apadret gnay ankam halada nahabmat amet nakgnadeS .atirec naigab adap t -

gabes isakifitnediid tapad gnay ,atirec utnetret naigab a ankam uata ,naigab ankam i

.nahabmat

3.2.2.2 tanamA

nakiapmasid nigni gnay nasep uata ,larom naraja utaus halada tanamA helo

8891 ,namijduS( gnaragnep : tirec malad nahalasamrep akiJ .)75 nalaj nakirebid a

araceS .tanama tubesid gnay haluti raulek nalaj ,gnaragnep helo aynraulek

awitsirep irad iuhatekid tapad uti tanama tisilpske - irep malad iaruret gnay awits

atirec


22

4.2.2.2 rulA

awitsirep naiakgnar halada tolp uata rulA - nilaj gnay awitsirep - jnem nila

ikilimem nad kumejam gnay alop nakapurem nad ,laropmet naiakgnar malad

satilasuak nagnubuh :0002 ,ituyaS( )03 .

.1 rula rutkurtS

ini rutkurtS .rihka ,hagnet ,lawa ;naigab agit malad igabret rula rasak araceS

naigab malad ek igal icnirid tapad - ek naigab .aynnial lic atirec haubes lawa naigaB

nemele nad isisopske uata narapamep inkay ,gnitnep lah aud gnudnagnem

.satilibatsni nakulrepid gnay isamrofni nauhatirebmep halada isisopskE kutnu

naigab halada satilibatsni nemelE .atirec imahamem - ujnunem gnay naigab nakk

.kilfnok aynada gnasgnarem gnay nalibatskaditek aynada igabret hagnet naigaB

halada kilfnoK .skamilk nad ,isakilpmok ,kilfnok inkay ,naigab bus agit malad

.sinej agit idajnem nakadebid kilfnoK .atirec malad lucnum gnay nahalasamrep

id kilfnok ,amatreP kilfnok‘ aguj tubesid ini sinej kilfnoK .)hokot( gnaroeses ir

malad ,iridnes aynirid nawalem hokot nagnaujrep apureb aynasaib ,’naawijek

naka gnay apa nakutnenem sos kilfnok ,audeK .aynnakukalid aratna kilfnoK .lai

iak malad uata takaraysam nagned gnaroeses t halasam nagned aynna - halasam

sos gnay ,mala nagned aisunam aratna kilfnoK .haimala kilfnok ,agiteK .lai

tapad kadit hokot anerak lucnum atres naktaafnamem nad iasaugnem

.aynitsem anamiagabes ratikes mala nakayadubmem nakapurem isakilpmoK

lfnok nagnabmekrep karegreb gnay naalumrep kilfnok uata ,naalumrep ki

iggnitret satisnetni kitit nakapurem skamilk nakgnadeS .skamilk iapacnem

.nakkaleret kat nad helorepid naka atirec lisah aynirad gnay ,isakilpmok naigaB


32

irad lasareb gnay utauses alages irad iridret rihka nahacemep ek ujunem skamilk

.atirec lisah uata nagned iadnatid ini naigaB malad halasam aynnakiaselesret

.atirec

.2 rula hadiaK

hadiaK - gnaragnep uata silunep nakanugid mumu gnay narulagnep hadiak ,ituyaS(

:0002 )64 :

K .a nalakakusame

K malad nalakakusame ini natiak ikilimid gnay nalakakusamek nakapurem

d uata S .atirec helo nad malad isatabi alibapa laka kusam nakatakid atirec utau

.iridnes uti atirec igab raneb inkay ,naranebek ikilimem uti atirec

K .b natuje

S aka natujek naklubminem kadit gnay atirec haube natujeK .nakumejnem n

reb tapad atirec nahurulesek malad acnep tabmalrepmem kutnu isgnuf naiap

nad nalakakusameK .skamilk naiapacnep tapecrepmem halam uata skamilk

malad utas idajnem tapad numan ,adebreb gnay lah aud halada natujek

.atirec tolp nakhurulesek

.c esnepsuS

A inkay ,esnepsus naklubminem aynkadneh kiab gnay atirec rul

adahret naparah nautnetkaditek p emoctuo “ atirec utaus lisah ” S . esnepsu

nanikgnumek padahret naradasek naktabilem - lasam aynlaedi nad nanikgnumek a h

nekreb gnay sret nanikgnumek nagned naa D .tube esnepsus atirec mala

gnay satilibisni utaus padahret radas idajnem acabmep alaktat gnabmekreb

.isautis utaus malad alumreb


42

.d nahutueK

M lubmit aynasaib atirec tolp utaus nahutuek nagned naanekreb gnay halasa

malad fitaler gnay iskif ayrak utaus nap .gnaj tapadret levon haubes malad alibapA

tare tiakreb tolpbus ,amatreP .aynnagned natiakreb gnay lah aud ada ,tolpdus

tolpbus gnudnagnem gnay ayrak nahutuek rasad ,audeK .aynamatu tolp nagned

nlasim ,tolp irad nial nemele utas halas malad nakumet id tapad .hokot ay

.3 rula isgnuF

idajnem tapad neprec uata levon rukurts nahurulesek malad rula isgnuF

kutnu gnitnep tagnas rulA .nahutuek nakatpicnem gnay gnitnepret anaras

nataum tafisreb gnay ankam kiab ,iskif ayrak utaus ankam nakiserpskegnem

gnay ankam nupuam natain tafisreb :0002 ,ituyaS( )45 gnaragnep rula iulaleM .

ahab nakisasinagrognem tapad n- namalagnep hatnem nahab - kutnu aynnamalagnep

.tubesret namalagnep ankam acabmep adapek uhatirebmem

.4 rula sineJ

sineJ - ial aratna,iges aparebeb irad tahilid rula sinej n :0002 ,ituyaS( 65 ):

A utiay ,aud ada aynkutnebmep awitsirep nanusuynep iges irad tahilid rul

uata sigolonork rula fisergorp uata kilab toros rula nad kcab hsalf ,ituyaS(

:0002 )75 nad isakilpmok ,isisopske irad ialumid atirec ,sigolonork rula malaD .

kamilk uata nahacemep adap rihkareb aggnih s tnemuoned tolp malaD .turu araces

utnetret kilfnok irad ialumid tapad atirec ,fiserger nad isisopske itukiid naidumek ,

ialumid alup tapad nad ;nahacemep ujunem nad skamilk iapacnem ,isakilpmok

naigab irad - l gnay naigab .nia


52

.pututret rula nad akubret rula ada aynatirec rihka iges irad uajnitid rulA

:0002 ,ituyaS( )85 . atirec nalupmisek nakirebmem gnaragnep ,pututret rula malaD

adap rihkareb atirec aynasaib gnay akubret rula nakgnadeS .acabmep adapek

aibid acabmep ,skamilk aynatirec rihkA .aynnaiaseleynep iridnes nakutnenem nakr

.agnagnem uata gnutnaggnem nakraibid

kamaj rula nad laggnut rula ada aynsatitnauk iges irad uajnitid rulA ,ituyaS(

:0002 )95 aynah tubesret atirec alibapa laggnut rulareb nakatakid atirec utauS .

limem ta iki a tolpreb nakatakid atirec nakagnadeS .tolp haubes gnudnagnem u

hibel aguj aynamatu tolp nad tolp utas irad hibel ikilimem uti atirec alibapa kamaj

tolp ipatet nakA .utas irad - kitit adap nagnuggnisreb gnilas uti tolp - utnetret kitit

lad a .atirec m

rulA uk iges irad uajnitid a raggnol rula nad tapar rula ada aynsatil ,ituyaS(

:0002 )95 kadit uti atirec amatu tolp alibapa tapar tolpreb nakatakid atirec haubeS .

tolp adap nakgnadeS .nial tolp ipisisid kutnu naknikgnumem gnay halec ikilimem

pbus tapadret raggnol tolp naknapedegnem isgnufreb gnay napisis tolp uata tol

laj uggnaggnem kadit gnaubid napisis tolp alib numaN .aynamatu a tolp atirec n

.aynamatu

5.2.2.2 rataL

nad anam id acabmep adap nakkujnunem gnay iskif nemele halada rataL

naidajek napak - malad naidajek gnusgnalreb atirec )621:002 ,ituyaS( . turuneM

bA :5991 ,orotnayiguN iulalem( smar 612 - uata ratal )712 gnittes aguj tubesid

sadnal na nad ,utkaw nagnubuh ,tapmet naitregnep adap naraynem ,upmut


62

awitsirep aynidajret tapmet laisos nagnukgnil - recid gnay awitsirep ini laH .nakati

nakatpicnem ,acabmep adapek sitsilaer nasek nakirebmem kutnu naujutreb

haloes gnay utnetret anasaus - huggnus halo - nagned idaJ .idajret nad ada huggnus

narabmaggnep gnittes uata napudihek pakgnanem tapad acabmep ,kiab gnay ratal

ay takaraysam .atirec malad gnusgnalreb gn

.1 sineJ - ratal sinej

utkaw ratal .a

naiakagnar .atirec malad awitsirep aynidajret taas adap ucagnem utkaw rataL

irah ,maj apureb kiab ,utkaw nanalajrep irad sapelret kadit idajret gnay awitsirep

ratalem gnay utnetret namaz uata aynignakaleb :0002 ,ituyaS( .)721

b. tapmet ratal

idajret atirec malad awitsirep utaus tapmet ispirksed tukgnaynem tapmet rataL

:0002 ,ituyaS( )721 isidart nairemep naksalejnem tapad tapmet ispirksed iualeM .

nad ,anasaus ,ukal hakgnit ,ialin atat ,takaraysam lah - nikgnum gnay nial lah

.aynretkarak nad hokot adap huragnepreb .

c. laisos ratal

sos rataL aparebeb uata gnaroes takikah nakkujnunem gnay sutats naksikulem lai

aygnililekes id ada gnay takaraysam malad hokot :0002 ,ituyaS( )721 sutatS .

gid tapad aynlaisos turunem nakgnolo hawab laisos ratal aynlasim ,aynnatakgnit

sos ratal nad .iggnit lai


72

.2 gnuf s ratal i

.a arofatem iagabes rataL

uata iskeyorp iagabes isgnufreb ratal utaus gnatnet liated gnay narabmaggneP

ips isidnok uata hokot lanretni naadaek isakifitkejbo .utnetret lautir

.b iagabes rataL rifsomta

)isome ayahac uata anasaus( purihid gnay aradu iagabes nakitraid rifsomtA

laktat acabmep a .lanoiskif ainud ikusamem

.c gabes rataL a napedegnep i

ta utkaw nalojnonep apureb tapad iskif malad ratal nemele napedegneP . tapmet ua

6.2.2.2 gnadnap tuduS

ynah gnadnap tuduS a gnay ,atirecreb gnay apais nakhalasamrepmem

gnaragnep gnaroes atirec ayag nakapurem ituyaS( , 002 0:1 84 ). gnadnap tuduS

nad nakumenem kutnu gnaragnep nakanugrepid gnay kinket nakapurem

a ayrak ankam nakiapmaynem nagnubuhreb nad iapmas tapad kutnu ,aynkitsitr

tapad acabmep nakparahid uti aynhilipid gnay kinket nagneD .acabmep nagned

nasagag itayahgnem nad amirenem - B( aynnasagag ,orotnayigruN iulalem hto

:5002 .)942 sineJ - gnadnap tudus sinej

.1 aatres nauka gnadnap tuduS n

id tabilret gnusgnal araces gnay gnaragnep halada atirec lartnes hokoT

atirec malad (S :0002 ,namijdu 951 - )061 . idajnem aynah aynasaib ”uka“ hokoT

uata utnabmep .nial hokot ratnagnep malad ,orotnaynaigruN turunem nakgnadeS

ignem ”uka“ is ,ini gnadnap tudus ukal hakgnit nad awitsirep iagabreb nakhas


82

,kisif nupuam ,iridnes irid malad ,hainitab tafisreb gnay kiab ,aynimalaid gnay

ul id gnay utauses nagned aynnagnubuh kof idajnem ”uka“ iS .aynirid ra tasup ,su

.atirec tasup ,naradasek

.2 atres kat nauka gnadnap tuduS na

hokot ratnagnep uata utnabmep idajnem aynah ”uka“ tubesid gnay hokoT

gnitnep hibel gnay nial )061;0002 ,namijduS( . aynah aynmumu adap atirecneP

id uata lawa id lucnum .atirec rihka malad ,orotnayigruN turunem nakgnadeS

cnum ”uka“ hokot ini gnadnap tudus ”uka“ hokoT .amatu hokot iagabes nakub lu

kutnu ridah gnay atirec hokot nakgnades ,acabmep adapek atirec nakawabmem

iagabreb iridnes nakhasignem kutnu ”nakraibid“ naidumek uti nakhasikid

.aynnamalagnep

.3 uhat aham naaid gnadnap tuduS

aul id adareb gnaragneP aham gnay tamagnep idajnem gnaragnap ,atirec r

acabmep nagned golaidreb upmam nad uhat ,namijduS( :0002 61 turuneM .)0

:5991( orotnayigruN ,ini gnadnap tudus malad )752 tudus irad nakhasikid atirec

ran ,gnaragnep numan ,”aid‘ ajas apa nakatirecnem tapad ,rota lah - gnay lah

N .tubesret ”aid“ hokot tukgnaynem a .aynalages iuhategnem rotar

.4 .satabret naaid gnadnap tuduS

kah satabret gnay atirecnep iagabes agitek gnaro nakanugrepmem gnaragneP

aynatirecreb :0002 ,namijduS( )061 . gnay apa nakatirecnem aynah gnaragneP

laid apa naksikulem gnaragnep .atirec naupmut nakidajid gnay hokot helo ima

numan ,atirec hokot helo nakasarid nad ,rikipid ,imalaid ,ragnedid ,tahilid gnay

natS( ajas hokot gnaroes adap satabret :5991 ,orotnayigruN iulalem not .)952


92

7.2.2.2 asahaB

malad asahaB em artsas nabmegn isgnuf iagabes aynamatu isgnuf

nigni artsas akiJ .artsas napakgnugnep anaras iagabes asahaB .fitakinumok

asib aynah tubesret utauses ,utauses nakgolaidnem ,utauses nakpakgnugnem

b anaras tawel nakisakinumokid :5991 ,orotnayigruN( asaha )272 .

arbA turuneM .sahk gnay asahab ayag iaynupmem artsas asahaB sm

:5991 ,orotnayigruN iulalem( ,elits( asahab ayag )672 elyts arac halada )

gnaragnep gnaroes anamigab uata ,asorp malad asahab napakgnugnep

paiteS .nakakumekid naka gnay utauses nakpakgnugnem iaynupmem artsas ayrak

malad ayngnaragnep arac nad ayag nagned iauses iridnesret sahk iric

nem g gnisam edi nagnaunep nad ayaG .aynedi nakpakgnu - gnaragnep gnisam nup

adebreb - sativitaerk nad ,naupmamek ,nanigniek nagned iauseS .adeb

em uti aumeS .ayngnaragnep .ayngnaragnep irad naidabirpek nakrabmaggn

s igab sahk gnay gnaroes napakgnugnep arac nakapurem ayaG gnaroe

:0002 ,ituyaS( gnaragnep .)371 iric helo iadnatid asahab ayaG - lamrof iric

kutneb ,tamilak rutkurts ,atak nahilip itrepes ,naasahabek - f asahab kutneb ,fitarugi

asahab ayag awhab nakatakid tapaD .ayniagabes nial nad isehok naanuggnep

macamreb tapad - ,nakanugrepid anam id sketnok gnutnagret ,ayntafis macam

i narutunep naujut apa nagned gnutnagret aguj numan ,gnaragnep areles iridnes ut

:5991 ,orotnayigruN( 2 .)77 notnatS helo nakpakgnuid nial tapadneP :7002( ,)16

.asahab nakanuggnem malad gnaragnep arac halada ayag ,artsas malad lisaH

katelret mumu araces tubesret naadebreP .adebreb gnaragnep paites nasilunep

trepes kepsa iagabreb malad rabeynem nad asahab adap ,emtir ,natimurek i


03

gnajnap - nad ijami aynkaynab nad ,naterknokek ,romuh ,liated ,tamilak kednep

.arofatem naka )utnetret radak nagned( sata id kepsa iagabreb narupmaC

.ayag naklisahgnem

8.2.2.2 neprec kisnirtni rusnuratna nagnubuH

et ,kednep atirec haubeS rusnu irad nususr - utas natiakreb gnilas gnay rusnu

rusnU .nakgnutnaggnem gnilas nad tare araces aynnial gnay nagned - gnay rusnu

.asahab nad tanama ,gnadnap tudus ,ratal ,hokot ,rula ,amet halada duskamid

rusnU - s ihuragnepmem turut gnilas ini kisnirtni rusnu iagabeS .aynnial amas uta

.ratal nagned hokot nagnubuh hotnoc

:8891( namijduS turuneM rusnu aud nakapurem ratal nad hokot rusnu )72

kutnU .ihuragnepmem gnilas nad tare nagnubuhreb gnilas gnay naaker atirec

hokot taubmem - rah gnaragnep ,nanikayem hibel hokot iaynupmem su

naasaibek atres ,aisunam ukal hakgnit nad tafis ianegnem saul gnay nauhategnep

aratnA .ratal iagabes nakanugid naka gnay takaraysam nagnukgnil malad pacureb

.kilab labmit tafisreb nad tare nagnubuh iaynupmem nahokonep nagned ratal

tafiS - tafis tafis ihuragnepmem naka lah kaynab malad ,ratal - .hokot tafis ituyaS

0002( nakataynem : ,)521 surah ,levon nupuam neprec kiab ,iskif ayrak haubes

ini napudihek aynlah itrepes ,utkaw utaus malad nad tapmet utaus adap idajret

gnaur malad gnusgnalreb aguj gnay malad ainud“ haubes halada iskiF .utkaw nad

malad hokot arap napudihek inkay ,napudihek alup idajret aynmalad id gnay ”atak

awitsirep - .utnetret awitsirep lej tahilret tubesret naataynrep iraD aynada sa

rusnu aratna nagnubuh c kutnebmem malad ratal nad hokot .atire


13

3.2.2 reC ati P ne ked

nep atireC satabmem gnay atirec halada ked irid utas halas sahabmem malad

rusnu aynkepsa malad iskif :4891 ,ojdramuS( licekret gnay .)96 akednepeK uti n

.isatabid gnay aynhalasam adap hibel ipat ,ajas aynkutneb irad tahilid nakub

satabmeP hibel nad nakrabmagret hibel halasam nakidajnem naka tubesret na

hibel naklucnumid gnay nahalasamreP .acabmep igab nasek naklaggninem

nakapulem hadum kadit atik acabmem iaseles akiteK .majat nad tamrec ,sakgnir

.tubesret atirec nep atirec aynsinej turuneM ologid tapad ked amil idajnem nakgn

;utiay ,sinej

.a kataW kedneP atireC

C kednep atire .aisunam kataw kepsa utas halas nakrabmaggnem kataw

aynah ai ,pakgnel araces nakrabmagid kadit ini kataw ,kednep atirec malaD

aw idaJ .ajas aynkataw isis utas nakrabmaggnem tagnas kednep atirec malad kat

.aynnakpakgnugnem malad gnaragnep aynsatabret anerak ,satabret

.b tolP kedneP atireC

C gnay awitsirep utaus aynidajret naknakenem tolp kednep atirec malad atire

ep helo iramegid kaynab ini kednep atirec aynasaiB .naknasegnem tama ,acabm

kadit gnay natujek nagned irihkaid nad kiranem gnay aynatirec nalaj anerak

.agudret

.c sitameT kedneP atireC

uata amet rusnu naknakenem aynatirec ,sitamet kednep atirec malaD

aynasaib gnay nahalasamrep .nakrikipid kutnu tareb pukuc D kednep atirec mala


23

kutnu kiranem nasek aggnihes ,nahalasamrep adap naknakenem ulalret ,ini

.naknaketid gnaruk acabmep

.d anasauS kedneP atireC

d anelret taubid acabmep ,anasaus kednep atirec malaD gnay anasaus nagne

.nakrapapid N alasam nad atirec lucnum uti anasaus malad ,numa h- .halasam

.e kedneP atireC gnitteS rataL/

D ratal nakiarugnem kaynab hibel gnaragnep ,ini sinej kednep atirec mala

rusnu aneraK .atirec aynidajret tapmet gnakaleb gnittes hibel

helo ihuragnepid amet atres nakatawrep atirec akam ,naklojnotid/naknaketid

d tapmet .idajret uti awitsirep anam i

4.2.2 PSTK aisenodnI asahaB narajalebmeP malad

aynridah ,aisenodnI aragen id aynsusuhk ,nakididnep ainud malaD

malad nahaburep awabmem )PSTK( nakididneP nautaS takgniT mulukiruK

mulukiruk anerak ,artsasreb naupmamek narajalebmep gnaulep irebmem ini urab

malad iridnam hibel kutnu urug atres halokes adapek nagnanewek nad

artsas nad asahab narajalebmep naklanoisarepognem nad nakgnabmegnem

isnetepmok radnats ikilimem halokes paites ,naikimed nagneD .salek id aisenodnI

et nad amas gnay naka aynisatnemelpmi malad numan ,lanoisan araces radnatsr

.magareb gnay anraw ikilimem

:6002( PNSB turuneM ianegnem anacner takgnarepes halada mulukiruk )5

namodep iagabes nakanugid gnay arac atres narajalebmep nahab nad ,isi ,naujut

taigek naaraggneleynep kididnep naujut iapacnem kutnu narajalebmep na na


33

mulukiruK .utnetret mulukiruk halada )PSTK( nakididnep nautas takgnit

gnisam id nakanaskalid nad ,helo nususid gnay lanoisarepo - gnisam nautas

:6002 ,PNSB( nakididnep .)5 t ianegnem nakrapapid naka ini tukireB ,nauju

asahaB narajebmep malad isaulave kinket nad ,aidem nad nahab ,edotem

.aisenodnI

1.4.2.2 aisenodnI artsaS nad asahaB narajalebmeP naujuT

kidid atresep raga naujutreb aisenodnI asahab narajalep atam ,PSTK turuneM

;tukireb iagabes naupmamek ikilimem

.1 B araces kiab ,ukalreb gnay akite nagned iauses fitkefe araces isakinumokre

.silutret nupuam nasil

.2 asahab iagabes aisenodnI asahab nakanuggnem aggnab nad iagrahgneM

.aragen asahab nad nautasrep

.3 rk nad tapet nagned aynnakanuggnem nad aisenodnI asahab imahameM fitae

.naujut iagabreb kutnu

.4 aisenodnI asahab nakanuggneM u ,lautkeletni naupmamek naktakgninem kutn

.laisos nad lanoisome nagnatamek atres

.5 ,nasawaw saulrepmem kutnu artsas ayrak naktaafnamem nad itamkineM

tegnep naktakgninem atres ,itrekep idub sulahrepmem naupmamek nad nauha

.asahabreb

.6 nad ayadub hanazahk iagabes aisenodnI artsas nakaggnabmem nad iagrahgneM

aisenodnI aisunam lautkeletni


43

aisenodnI asahaB narajaleP ataM edoteM 2.4.2.2

ludujreb gnay aynukub malad irasudaM narajalebmeP igolodoteM

:9002( 01 - )21 asahab narajalebmep edotem sinej )hulupes( 01 naktubeynem

peseK .aisenodnI nialaratna tubesret edotem hulu :

.1 laugniloiduA edoteM

nakamatugnem tagnas laugniloidua edoteM llird asahaB .)nagnalugnep(

alop nahitalep nad ,atak lafal adap nakharucid nakrajaid - lop ilakreb tamilak a - ilak

em uruG .fisnetni araces gnalugnem awsis atnim - mas gnalu ada kadit iap

hakgnaL .nahalasek - golaid naijaynep )a( halada nakukalid asaib gnay hakgnal

gnalureb urug helo nakacabid gnay kednep sket uata - kamiynem awsis nad gnalu

ahilem apnat rinem awsis )b( ,sket t tamilak paites naklafalem nad u uti sket malad

klafahgnem nad katneres araces b nakhitalid tamilak )c( ,aynna e gnalur - )d( ,gnalu

awsis )e( ,salek naped id nakhitalid gnay golaid uata sket nakagarepmem awsis

gnay nial tamilak kutnebmem .nakhitalid gnay nagned iauses

.2 fitakinumoK edoteM

irad kudorp haubes naklisahgnem tapad awsis raga naujutreb ini edoteM

tek sagut naiaseleynep e inis id kudorp haubeS .aynasahabreb nalipmar

karatuid ,silutid ,imahapid tapad gnay isamrofni iagabes nakduskamid nad ,na

uata ,naropal ,nasep ,hatnirep ,tarus kucupeS .sitsiugnilnon malad ek nakijasid

kudorP .itamaid nad tahilid tapad gnay kudorp haubes nakapurem ,atep - kudorp

.lisahreb gnay sagut naiaseleynep iulalem nakisahid tubesret

ek nasep nakiapmaynem aynhotnoC nagned iauses gnay nial gnaro adap

)b( ,nasep imahamem )a( idajnem hacepid tapad uti naujuT .narajalebmep naujut


53

nakujagnem )c( ,naugarek nakgnalihgnem kutnu naaynatrep nakujagnem

)e( ,natatac taubmem )d( ,isamrofni kaynab hibel helorepmem kutnu naaynatrep

iretam iraD .nasil araces nasep nakiapmaynem )f( ,sigol araces natatac nusuynem

,kiranem araces nugnabret tapad isakinumok sativitka ajas nasep nakiapmaynem

.fisnetni hibel awsis nad ,maladnem

.3 fitkudorP edoteM

acibreb adap nakharaid fitkudorp edoteM ar nad nagneD .silunem

nasagag nakgnaunem tapad awsis nakparahid fitkudorp edotem nakanuggnem

aynnarikipid ada gnay nad aracibreb nalipmaretek malad ek nutnur araces

silunem fitakinumok gnay asahab nagned nakiapmasid nasagag aumeS . aggnihes ,

d nopser naklubminem .aracib nawal ira

.4 gnusgnaL edoteM

rajaleb halada kiab gnay asahab rajaleb awhab ismusareb gnusgnal edoteM

naujuT .isakinumok malad fisnetni araces asahab nakanuggnem gnusgnal gnay

tapad awsis raga nasil araces asahab naanuggnep halada gnusgnal edotem

kreb id aisenodnI asahab nakanuggnem itrepes haimala araces isakinumo

.takaraysam nahital irebid awsiS - nagned tamilak nakisaisosagnem kutnu nahital

.gnusgnal araces kimim uata ,nakareg ,naagarep ,isartsnomed iulalem aynitra

.5 irotapisitraP edoteM

ajalebmep edoteM awsis natabilretek naknakenem hibel irotapisitrap nar

eb nalisahrebek utnenep iagabes paggnaid awsiS .hunep araces al raj awsiS .

kududid k bus iagabes na j tapad awsis ,fitka isapisitrap nagneD .rajaleb ke

mep iagabes tafisreb aynah uruG .rajaleb lisah nakumenem .rotatilisaf uata udna


63

,fitka awsis irotapisitrap edotem malaD iagabes ukalreb nad ,simanid

us b rajaleb isatilisafmem fitka aguj urug ,numaN .key ,rabmag ,araus nagned awsis

lut i hunep gnay udnamep iagabes narepreb uruG .ayniagabes nad ,gnidnid nas

om nagned tnoK .fitaerk nad rotaredom iagabes narepreb iadnap ,isavit awsis ske

.amatu naupmut idajnem

.6 acabmeM edoteM

sket imahamem naupmamek iaynupmem awsis raga naujutreb acabmem edoteM

.awsis rajaleb malad nakulrepid gnay naacab hakgnal tukireB - edotem hakgnal

bmem ;aca

)1 takasok nairebmeP a nad ini laH .awsis ek urug irad rakus paggnaid gnay halitsi

.tamilak malad ek hotnoc nad isinived nagned nakirebid

)2 01 amales maid nagned acabid naacaB .salek id naacab naijayneP - tinem 51

.)aynmulebes irahes nakirebid tapad naacab(

)3 D .bawaj aynat iulalem tapad naacab isi isuksi

)4 akij nakukalid uti laH .takgnis nagned nakukalid asahab atat naaracibmeP

.ulrep gnadnapid

)5 .naveler gnay atakasok naaracibmeP

)6 uata ,)naacab nagned iauses aynisi( gnaragnem itrepes sagut nairebmeP

s ,haned taubmem gnay ayniagabes nad ,namukgnar ,rasithki ,margaid ,amek

.naacab isi nagned natiakreb

.7 kitameT edoteM

nakisargetniid narajalebmep iretam nenopmok aumes ,kitamet edotem malaD

ilak utas malad amas gnay amet malad ek imahapid ulrep gnaY .naumetrep tinu


73

b halada amet awha atet ,naujut halnakub em kutnu nakanugid gnay tala ip n iapac

araces nakijasid nad haloid surah tubesret ameT .narajalebmep naujut

.lautpesnok nad ,terknok ,reropmetnok ,satilautsketnok

ukgnil nagnabmekrep nagned haloid halsurah nakutnetid gnay ameT nagn

gnay apA .reropmetnok araces nakijasid amet isI .ini taas idajret gnay awsis

aggnihes ,salek id nakisuksidret nad sahabret surah awsis nagnukgnil id idajret

sesorp itukignem awsiS .terknok araces nakirebid nakijasid gnay amet

kigol nagned narajalebmep pesnok aggnihes ,aynikilimid gnay a - rasad pesnok

pesnok ek sisilana irad uata sisilana ek pesnok irad takgnareb awsiS .sapelret kadit

.namahamep nad ,aanuggnep ,naasahabek

.8 mutnauK edoteM

gninrael mutnauQ rad upmutreb gnay natakednep edotem nakapurem )LQ( i

Q .vonazoL nad erierF edotem L arac nagned rajaleb natapecek nakamatugnem

alad kidid atresep irotapisitrap m naasaugnep isidnok malad irid isnetop tahilem

ad nanak kato adap ucagnem rajaleb ayaG .irid Q sahk iric idajnem irik kato n L .

sesorp awhab LQ turuneM .skelpmok gnay anemonef halada rajagnem rajaleb

atres ,isaisosa nad ,nakadnit ,narikip ,atak paites itrareb tapad utauses alageS

nar nad ,isatneserp ,nagnukgnil habugnem urug anam huajes narajagnep nagnac

i huajes akam t halu uH .gnusgnalreb rajaleb sesorp ub malad simanid nagn

,utigeb nagneD .rajaleb kutnu akgnarek nad nasadnal nakapurem salek nagnukgnil

narikip atep taubmem nad ,silunem ,acabmem ,iromemem tapad rajalebmep

.tapec nagned


83

.9 isuksiD edoteM

malad iskaretni iulalem narajalebmep sesorp halada isuksiD .kopmolek

naujut nagned usi utaus gnatnet edi rakutreb gnilas kopmolek atoggna paiteS

habmanem ,naaynatrep utaus bawajnem ,halasam utaus nakhacemem kutnu

sesorp alibapA .nasutupek utaus taubmem uata ,namahamep uata nauhategnep

a hurules naktabilem isuksid araces idajret tapad narajalebmep ,salek atoggn

tafisreb nad gnusgnal deretnec tneduts nakatakiD .)awsis adap tasupreb(

iapacid surah gnay naujut nakutnenem urug anerak gnusgnal narajalebmep

isuksid iulalem kof nakutnenem atres ,awsis sativitka lortnognem , nad su

raseb naigabes anerak awsis adap tasupreb nakatakiD .narajalebmep nalisahrebek

tupni naktakgninem nad fitka araces akerem ,awsis irad lasareb narajalebmep

.akerem isuksid lisah nakumenem tapad akerem atres ,rajaleb

.01 ( liceK kopmoleK ajreK edoteM llamS - kroW puorG )

adap tasupreb gnay narajalebmep edotem nakapurem licek kopmolek ajreK

ajrekeb iulalem iridnes nauhategnep helorepmem kutnu tutnutid awsiS .awsis

amasreb - gnaY .awsis nakajrekid gnay apa rotinomem sagutreb aynah uruG .amas

ulalem helorepid nigni uata ,laisos iskaretni naupmamek halada kopmolek ajrek i

kaynab ini edoteM .aynaudek aguj nikgnum uata kimedaka naupmamek

kutnu nakanugid tapad aguj ini edoteM .kididnep arap helo nakrujnaid

iretam nakrajagnem - .susuhk iretam


93

aideM nad nahaB 3.4.2.2

STK uata nakididnep nautas helo nususid nad nakgnabmekid P halokes

gnisam isidnok nagned iauses - gnay mulukiruk iaynupmem halokes paites ,gnisam

iaynupmem aguj nakanugid gnay raja nahab ,naikimed nagneD .adebreb

akanugid gnay ukub nautnetek ada kadiT .naadebrep tapad ada hadus gnay ukub ,n

.halokes nakgnabmekid gnay mulukiruk nagned iauses surah raja nahaB .iakapid

.nakanugid gnay narajalep ukub isi habmanem uata ignarugnem tapad uruG

raja nahab iskeleynem surah uruG .fitaerk nad iridnam kutnu tutnutid uruG

gnay tapad uruG .halokes mulukiruk iauses narajalebmep malad nakanugid

ad raja nahab naktaafnamem r ,rabak tarus ,tenretni aynlasim ,rebmus iagabreb i

usi nagned naktiakid raja nahaB .ayniagabes nad ,oidar ,halajam ,isivelet - ol usi ,lak

lg nad ,lanoisan ,lanoiger nasawaw iaynupmem aynitnan kidid atresep raga labo

.napudihek isautis macam iagabreb ipaggnanem nad imahamem malad saul gnay

artsaS narajagneP malad naialineP seT 4.4.2.2

moolB imonoskaT 1.4.4.2.2

.1 fitingok hanaR naialineP

afisreb gnay artsas rajaleb lisaH nagned nagnubuhreb kaynab hibel fitingok t

esorp nad naupmamek :1002 ,orotnayigruN( rikipreb s fitingok hanar nailineP .)723

gnay natakgnit irad nakadebid akgnit ,anahredes gnilap C( natagni nat 1 iapmas )

k gnay natakgnit C( isaulave natakkgnit ,skelpmo 6 isaH .) tapad fitingok rajaleb l

uata silutret araces ,iase uata fitkejbo set kutneb nakanuggnem nagned rukuid

.nasil set ,narajagnep sesorp malad nakukalid tapad naialinep naanaskaleP


04

naiju uata mumu nagnalu( fitamus set ,narajagnep rihka adap uata ,fitamrof

emes nakrasadreb fitingok hanar naartsasek set natakgnit halada ini tukireB .)rets

.moolB imonoskat

.a C( natagni takgnit naialineP 1)

kutnu awsis ikadnehgnem radekes natagni takgnit adap naartsasek seT

ubuhreb gnay aynnatagni naupmamek ilabmek nakpakgnugnem upmam nagn

gnatnet naamanep uata ispirksed ,isinifed ,naitregnep ,pesnok ,atkaf nagned

kutnebreb tapad set rituB .)233:1002 ,orotnayigruN( ayniagabes nad ,lah utaus

aman ,isinifed naktubeynem kutnu atnimem aynah ini seT .adnag nahilip - aman

naragnep uata natakgna : aynlasim natagni set hotnoC .gnaragnep ayrak ,g

)1 ?rula nagned duskamid gnay apA

)2 !iniD .HN ayrak levon agit naktubeS

.b ( namahamep takgnit naialineP C2)

kutnu awsis ikadnehgnem namahamep takgnit adap naartsasek seT

f naksalejnem nad nakadebmem ,imahamem upmam atka nagnubuh ,

nial nad ,pesnokratna - naktagnignem radekes irad hibel ayntafis gnay nial

ikilimem awsis ,namahamep takgnit adaP .)333:1002 ,orotnayigruN(

,sisponis taubmem nad sakgnirem ,isiup uata asorp isi pakgnanem naupmamek

aklupmiynem ,neprec nad levon asorp sitiroet araces nakadebmem ,iskif atirec n

ritub hotnoC .nial gnay nad utas gnay natakgna ,riays nad nutnap ,isiup nad

:aynlasim namahamep takgnit set laos

)1 b gnay neprec nasakgnir haltauB sujaG ayrak ”nahasipreP“ ludujre

!nagnigaiS


14

)2 naamasrep naksaleJ !atanos nad nutnap aratna naadebrep nad

.c C( naparenep takgnit naialineP 3)

upmam kutnu awsis tutnunem naparenep takgnit adap naartsasek seT

terknok gnay sitkarp nataigek malad ek aynsitiroet nauhategnep nakparenem

p takgnit set adaP .)433:1002 ,orotnayigruN( ikilimem tutnutid awsis ,naparene

,nakisarepognem ,nakisartsnomednem ,isakifidomem ,habugnem naupmamek

.naupmamek uata lah utauses nakparenem lasiM em ,ayn n kutneb atirec habug

ek ”uka“ ayag ,)amard( golaid kutneb malad ek )levon uata neprec( fitaran

”naaid“ atak nagned isiup ilabmek nakasahabmem , - taubmem uata iridnes atak

farap rebmem ,esar i ,ratal ,asahab ayag nakkujnunem uata ,)acab( adej adnanep

itrepes sagut kuteb nagned iauses gnay set kutneB .artsas ayrak utaus irad ,rula

iase kutneb set halada sata id awsis adapek nasabebek irebmem hibel anerak

nu hotnoC .nabawaj nakakumegnem kut naparenep takgnit set laos ritub

:aynlasim

)1 .”uggneleB“ ludujreb neprec haubes pitukiD nakirebid gnay saguT

;aynlasim

)a habU !golaid kutneb malad ek sata id asorp hal

)b gnadnap tuduS ilabmek nakapakgnU ?gnaragnep nakanugid gnay apa

!adebreb gnay ayag nagned

.d C( sisilana takgnit naialineP 4)

takgnit adap naartsasek seT kutnu awsis tutnunem gnipmasid ,sisilana

raneb halet - upmam nakparahid awsis ,utnetret artsas ayrak acabmem raneb

em kutnu akukal k n aynpadahret sisilana ajre awsiS .)533:1002 ,orotnayigruN(


24

s iatresid aguj ipatet ajas atirec isi iuhategnem satabes kadit kiab sitirk paki

rusnu padahret - utaus iagabes artsas ayrak nupuam gnukudnem gnay rusnu

.nautasek atna sisilana naupmamek saguT kifitnedi apureb nial ar nad isa

rusnu padahret sisilana - kisnirtni rusnu sisilana ,artsas ayrak kisnirtske nad

hibel icnirem nad hilimem ,iskeleynem ,nakadebmem ,isi nad kutneb tujnal

rusnu - rula nad kokop rula ,amet bus nad amet aynlasim artsas ayrak rusnu

set halada sata id sagut kutneb nagned iauses gnay set kutneB .nahabmat

takgnit laos ritub hotnoC .nakanugid tapad aguj fitkejbo set numan ,iase kutneb

: sisilana

)1 malad hokot arap nakatawrep naksikulem gnaragnep arac hakanamiagaB

?”uggneleB“ levon

)2 naksaleJ !”uggneleB“ levon rula nakgnabmegnem gnaragnep arac

.e C( sisetniS takgnit naialineP 5)

,sitilana rikifreb natujnalek iagabes ,sisetnis takgnit adap naartsasek seT

nad gnubuhgnem ,nakirogetakgnem upmam kutnu awsis tutnunem

m nad ,naksalejnem ,nakisanibmokgnem lah naklamare - naanekreb gnay lah

rusnu nagned - ,orotnayigruN( artsas ayrak ratna nad artsas ayrak rusnu

.)733:1002 aus nakirogetakgnem nial aratna sisetnis naupmamek saguT ic ut ir

ata u aratna natiak naksalejnem nad nakkujnunem ,sinejes gnay naadaek

aparebeb naksalejnem ,ayrak aparebeb nupuam ayrak haubes malad kiab lah

aparebeb aratna nagnubuh rusnu uata rusnu - rusnu artsas ayrak haubes malad

nad tamilak ,atak nahilip aratna nagnubuh ,aynlasiM .nautasek kutneb malad

.isiup malad amet nakpakgnugnem kutnu ,ayag nagned iauses gnay set kutneB


34

sisetnis takgnit set laos ritub hotnoC .iase kutneb set halada sata id sagut

aynlasim :

)1 aratna awhab naksaleJ H nad ”siehtA“ malad nasaH hokot malad ifana

!naamasrep iayupmem ”nahusA halaS“

)2 tkarak aratna natiak hakraneb naksaleJ nad ,nahokonep ,ratal kitsire

!rajaw nad udap tafisreb hakapa ”!uamiraH!uamiraH“ malad amet

.f C( naialinep takgnit naialineP 6)

upmam kutnu awsis tutnunem isaulave takgnit adap naartsasek seT

nep nakukalem i ayrak kiab naartsasek halasam iagabreb padahret naial artsas

nahurulesek araces artsas napudihek nupuam aynrusnu iagabreb nagned

.)833:1002 ,orotnayigruN( apureb isaulave takgnit adap rikifreb naupmameK

ek halasam lasim ,lah utaus ialinem naupmamek ,amet nagned atak natapet

padahret kitirk sim ,lah utaus ek la ,ayrak naluggnuek nad nahamel

iulalem ayrak )aparebeb( haubes malad urab gnay utauses nakkujnunem

nad ,rutkurts ,rula ,kinket nakkujnunem aynlasiM .nagnidnabrep nad sisilana

nial - nem tapad aggnihes ,nial naklupmiy .tauk gnay itkub nad nasala iatresid

hotnoC aynlasim isaulave laos ritub :

)1 naksaleJ “ levon malad nahokonep apagnem gnires ”gnabmekreT rayaL

!hamel paggnaid

)2 isiup apagneM - isiup nagned nakamasid tapad kat ijratuS isiup - isiup

?ardneR


44

.2 fitkefa hanar naialineP

s halasam nagned nagnubuhreb fitkefa hanaR ialin nad ,nagnadnap ,paki -

pakiS .)833:1002 ,orotnayigruN( )adnegelem( gnaroeses inikayid gnay ialin

aynukal hakgnit irad kapmat lah utaus padahret gnaroeses nagnadnap nad

lisaH .tubesret lah utauses ”nakukalrepmem“ b tapad fitkefa tafisreb gnay rajale

inid uata ,ukal hakgnit natamagnep ,aracnawaw nakukalem nagned ial

kutnebreb aynnarukugnep ,silutret sagut kutnU .silutret sagut nakirebmem

utaus kutnu nabawaj alaks nakaideynem aynasaib tertkiL alakS .terkiL alaks

eb tapad aynnabawaJ .nakirebid gnay naaynatrep ”ay“ takgnis nabawaj apur

isanimon rudesorp nabawaj alakS .isanimon rudesorp apureb uata ,”kadit“ uata

naataynrep hibel uata amil irad iridret ad naturureb nususid gnay fitisop gnay ir

fitagen ek tes kaga“ ,”ujutes“ ,”ujutes tagnas“ aynlasim aynkilabes uata ,”uju

.”ujutes kadit tagnas“ nad ,”ujutes kadit“ naialinep silutret set laos hotnoC

aynlasim fitkefa hanar :

.oN naataynreP aY kadiT

.1 ukub acabmem ayaS - isignem kutnu radekes artsas ukub

gnaul utkaw

.2 utkaw nakaideynem ajagnes ayaS utnu susuhk araces k

ukub acabmem - artsas ayrak ukub

.3 ukub acabmem akus hibel ayaS - levon nad ukub - levon

artsas gnologret gnay levon adapirad ralupop


54

.3 kirotomokisp hanar naialineP

nagned nagnubuhreb gnay utauses alages halada kirotomokisp hanaR

a ,kisif ,toto sativitka nadab nakareg uat narauleK .)033:1002 ,orotnayigruN(

nalipmaretek halada rotomokisp rajaleb lisah - gnay utnetret kareg nalipmaretek

rajaleb lisah naialineP .rajaleb awitsirep imalagnem haletes helorepid

aubrep set apureb set tala nagned nakukalid rotomokisp nakukalid naialinep ,nat

aynlasim naartsasek malad kirotomokisp seT .natamagnep nalaj nagned

nad kareg( isasitamard ,isiup acabmem ,isamalkedreb kimim naialinep kepsA .)

epid gnay r ke ,isanotni ,natayahgnep ,namahamep aynlasim nakul ,iserps

bes nad ,narajawek niaga ay urug tutnunem nataubrep kepsa padahret naialineP .

.awsis nalipmanep sinej paites padahret itilet pakisreb nad kadnitreb kutnu

ydooM imonoskaT 2.4.4.2.2

at nagned adebreb ydooM imonsoskat naartsasek seT k .moolB imonos

gnit set moolB imonoskat malaD ,natakgnit mane irad iridret fitingok tak

it nakgnades rad iridret aynah ydooM natakgn .natakgnit tapme i imonoskaT

imonoskat nakgnades ,narajalep atam aumes kutnu nakparetid tapad moolB

ooM d artsas kutnu susuhk y 043:1002 ,orotnayigruN( .)

.1 atakgnit naialineP isamrofni

rtsasek seT a pakgnugnem kutnu nakduskamid isamrofni takgnit na nak

iakreb gnay awsis naupmamek nagned nat lah - kokop lah nagned natiakreb gnay

atad tukgnaynem gnay kiab artsas - atad nupuam ayrak utaus gnatnet atad - atad

utnu nkanugrepid tapad gnay nial aynnakrisfanem utnabmem k ,orotnayigruN(


64

043:1002 .) aman ,apareb ,napak ,anam id ,idajret gnay apA - ,ukalep aman

naaynatrep halada - duskamid gnay atad nagned nagnubuhreb gnay naaynatrep

aamasrep iaynupmem isamrofni takgnit seT .sata id ni takgnit set nagned n natag

C( 1 tabilem tikides hadus nad ,moolB imonoskat adap ) natakgnit set naka

C( namahamep 2 ritub ,isamrofni set adaP .) - kutnu nakduskamid laos ritub

nad sata id naaynatrep itrepes isamrofni gnatnet awsis nauhategnep rukugnem

nakaynanem aynaumes gnay utauses laos ritub hotnoC .nalafah tafisreb set

:aynlasim isamrofni takgnit

)1 gnuruB“ levon gnaragnep apaiS - ?”raynaM gnurub

)2 kutnu naksutumem ”uggneleB“ malad onoT hokot ,atirec rihka adaP

.a naretkodek umli imaladneM

.b s haY nagned hakineM e iniT nagned iarecreb halet

.c meK igrep haY haletes iniT adapek ilab

.d nial atinaw nagned hakineM

.2 pesnok takgnit naialineP

gnatnet ispesrep nagned natiakreb pesnok takgnit adap naartsasek seT

atad anamiagab -d rusnu sata ata - nakisasinagroid uti artsas ayrak rusnu

033:1002 ,orotnayigruN( .) seT pesnok takgnit adap naklaosrepmem hibel

rusnu - halasaM .artsas ayrak rusnu - nagned nagnubuhreb tubesret halasam

aynatrep na - rusnu hakajas apa naaynatrep - nad iskif malad tapadret gnay rusnu

nay hakajas apa kilfnok ,nakhalasamrepid gnay kokop kilfnok apa ,isiup g

lakeb iaynupmem surah awsis ,ini pesnok takgnit set adaP .lubmit nad sitiroet

fitingok naupmameK .sitilana nad sitirk araces artsas ayrak acabmem surah


74

naupmamek adap satabret kadit nakhutubid gnay aguj ipatet imahamem

d sisilanagnem naupmamek ubuhgnem na rusnu iagabreb nakgn utaus malad

k .ayra takgnit laos ritub hotnoC :aynlasim pesnok

)1 H nad asI urug nagnubuh apA a A kaT nalaJ“ malad liz ?”gnujU ad

)2 gnuruB“ malad kitA nad oteT aratna nagnubuh apA - ?”raynaM gnurub

?kitA naklaggninem oteT apagnem

.3 akgnit naialineP fitkepsrep t

nagnadnap nagned natiakreb fitkepsrep takgnit adap naartsasek seT

gnay artsas ayrak nagned nagnubuhes ,aynmumu adap acabmep uata ,awsis

acabid 343:1002 ,orotnayigruN( .) awsis iskaer nad nagnadnap anamiagaB

elo nakutnetid artsas ayrak padahret gnay ayrak imahamem aynnaupmamek h

halasam naklaosrepmem ini natakgnit adaP .natukgnasreb - gnay halasam

satilaer nagned artsas ayrak naiausesek ,artsas ayrak taafnam ; apureb

pa ,napudihek lah nanikgnumek ada haka - a lah awitsirep uat - malad awitsirep

ep atirec atik tapad gnay apa nalupmisek ,nial tapmet id idajret tubesret awitsir

utnabmem kutnu awsis tutnunem fitkepsrep takgnit naartsasek seT .libma

utauses nagned artsas ayrak malad ada gnay utauses aratna nakgnubuhgnem

hotnoC .uti artsas ayrak raul id ada gnay laos ritub fitkepsrep takgnit set

:aynlasim

)1 gnuruB“ levon acabmem haletes libma adnA gnay hakapa nalupmiseK -

?”raynaM gnurub

)2 levon acabmem haletes taafnam aynada nakasarem adna hakapA

gnuruB“ - ?uti hakajas apa taafnam ,ada akiJ ?”raynaM gnurub


84

.4 t naialineP isaiserpa takgni

nad nahalasamrep adap rasikreb amaturet isaiserpa takgnit naartsasek seT

tna natiak uata kitsiugnil nad artsas asahab ara 543:1002 ,orotnayigruN( ) asahaB .

iagabes paggnaid artsas ,kitsiugnil anemonef utas halas eb gnay kosos adebr

ef nagned kitsiugnil anemon .mumu araces set malad naklaosrepid gnay laH

iric iulalem artsas asahab imahamem nad ilanegnem ahasu halada isaiserpa -

araces asahab narutunep nagned aynsatifitkefe nakgnidnabmem naidumek ,ayniric

al aratna isaiserpa takgnit adap seT .mumu uti atak nahilimep hakapa ;ni l hibe

kutneb nagned nakgnidnabid tapet - gnay apa asahab magar uata sinej ,nial kutneb

tapadret gnay apa naasahabek nagnapmiynep ,tubesret ayrak malad nakanugid

k tutnunem isaiserpa takgnit naartsasek seT .uti artsas ayrak malad naupmame

,sisilanagnem ilanegnem upmam kutnu nutnutid awsis ,iggnit takgnit fitingok

kutneb ialinem nad ,nakisasilareneggnem ,nakgnidnabmem - naasahabek kutneb

tafisreb surah awsis akam sahabid gnay ayrak haubes malad nakanugrepid gnay

ad ,sitirk n aynupmem i kitsiugnil gnatnet nauhategnep ritub hotnoC .mumu araces

isaiserpa takgnit set laos ;

)1 dayruS suniL apagneM Y nad ”meyiraP naukagneP“ i ayajiW nugnaM B.

gnuruB“ malad -b atak hilimem kaynab urtsuj ”raynaM gnuru - nad atak

duskam nakpakgnugnem kutnu awaJ napakgnu -m ?utnetret duska

)2 atak naiakamep hakapA - naukagneP“ malad awaj napakgnu nad atak

”meyiraP gnuruB“ nad -b hibel gnamem hakapa nad ,fitkefe ”raynaM gnuru

atak nakgnidnabid tapet - ?aisenodnI napakgnu nad atak


94

III BAB

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM

1.3 naitileneP sineJ

nakukalid gnay naitilenep sinej ,nakanugid gnay atad rebmus nakrasadreB

silunep helo kusamret artsas naitilenep ini naitilenep atad rebmus anerak

.neprec utiay artsas ayrak kutneb utas halas nakapurem turuneM malad ijdaruW

( mihorbaJ :1002 kutnu sitametsis sesorp uata nataigek utaus halada naitileneP“ )1

tad nagnukud nagned halasam nakhacemem a malad nasadnal iagabes

lupmisek nalibmagnep .”na

2.3 natakedneP

g emsilarutkurts natakednep halada nakanugid gnay natakedneP itene k .

artsas ayrak narihalek awhab tapadnepreb kiteneg emsilarutkurts natakedneP

.takaraysam napudihek irad naigab nakapurem ,mihorbaJ malad( otnawuJ

:1002 awhab nakataynem )16 hagnet id rihal artsas ayrak“ - takaraysam hagnet

ragnep isanijami lisah iagabes kelfer atres gna alajeg padahret aynis - sos alajeg id lai

ajes gnakaleb rataL .”aynratikes sos nad namaz ,har huragnepreb takaraysam lai

naatpicnep sesorp padahret irad kiab ,artsas ayrak kutneb iges nupuam isi iges

rts aysam malad gnaragnep naadarebeK .aynrutku turut ,utnetret takar

.aynayrak ihuragnepmem


05

3.3 naitileneP ataD nad ataD rebmuS

seskaid gnay neprec halada silunep helo nakanugid gnay atad rebmuS

ukub iulalem 2002 SAPMOK nahiliP nepreC hanaT kajeJ ispirksed nupadA .

ilenep rebmus b iagabes halada ini nait :tukire

neprec luduJ “ : macnagneM gnay aoD ukub malad ” nepreC hanaT kajeJ

.2002 SAPMOK nahiliP

gnaragneP otnanarP rujuJ :

namalaH 84 : - 85

tibreneP sapmoK ukuB tibreneP :

tibret atoK atrakaJ :

tibret nuhaT : 2002

4.3 nemurtsnI naitileneP

tilenep nemurtsnI naklupmugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay tala halada ini nai

alaD .naitilenep atad helorepmem nad k m artsas naitilenep sketno itilenep ,ini

gnay sket nalupmukes tahilem itileneP .naitilenep nemurtsni iagabes narepreb

p atirec malad tapadret gnay aoD“ ludujreb kedne macnagneM ” .aynacabmem nad

P itilene nataigek nakukalem ,itamagnem ,acabmem ,tatacnem sisilanagnem atres

.ini neprec kisnirtni rusnu

5.3 naitileneP edoteM

mihorbaJ malad( otnawuJ turuneM :1002 , es )46 nahredes arac a nagned naitilenep

teneg emsilarutkurts edotem ki ;tukireb iagabes nakisalumrofid tapad


15

.1 ah naitileneP kisnirtni rusnu naijak adap nakalumid sur araces kiab ,artsas

.nanilaj nupuam laisrap

.2 M kgne sos napudihek gnakaleb ratal ija ai anerak ,gnaragnep kopmolek lai

tret kopmolek satinumok irad naigab nakapurem .utne

.3 M atal ijakgne sos gnakaleb r turut gnay harajes nad lai ayrak nakisidnokgnem

.gnaragnep helo nakatpicid taas artsas

doowegniwS nad nosneruaL iulalem( :1002 ,mihorbaJ )46 hakgnal nakrawanem -

aitilenep hakgnal dloG helo iujutesid gnay n nam n tukireb iagabes ;

.1 aluM - aynrutkurts itiletid artsas alum niraj nakitkubmem kutnu naigab nag -

.kitsiloh nad udap gnay nahurulesek idajret aggnihes aynnaigab

.2 nubuhgneP rusnU .ayadub laisos nagned nag - rak nautasek rusnu artsas ay

aisos nagned nakgnubuhid k ,aynharajes nad ayadub l nakgnubuhid naidume

.gnaragnep ainud nagnadnap nagned nagnubuhreb gnay latnem rutkurts nagned

.3 S nu ,ayntujnale pmisek uata isulos iapacnem kut edotem nakanugid nalu

agned nalupmisek nairacnep edotem utiay ,fitkudni nalaj n simerp tahilem -

s ayntafis gnay simerp .lareneg simerp iracnem ayntujnales kutnu kifisep hibeL

aynsalej ;tukireb margaid malad nakrabmagid

kisnirtni rutkurtS

lanretske isidnoK

kopmolek laisos nagnadnaP nagnadnaP

ainud


25

hakgnal nakanuggnem siluneP - nad nosneruaL helo nakrawatid gnay hakgnal

.ini naitilenep malad doowegniwS

6.3 kinkeT nad ataD nalupmugneP aD sisilanA at

.1 as ayrak acabmem arac nagned nakukalid naitilenep atad nalupmugneP arts

nay aoD“ neprec apureb gnay naidumek ,otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM g

iagirucid gnay tamilak nad atak paites itamagnem naidumek atad iagabes

ntatacnem ya .atad utrak malad

.2 ana kinkeT nay atad sisil kitkelaid kinket halada nakanugid g acabmem itileneP .

lah tatacnem naidumek ,sket - malad ek atad iagabes paggnaid gnay gnitnep lah

naidumek itilenep ,tubesret atad padahret sisilana nakukalem ulal ,atad utrak

ret sisilana lisah nakispiksednem .tubes


35

VI BAB

EP LISAH NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILEN KISNIRTNI RUSNU

”MACNAGNEM GNAY AOD“ KEDNEP ATIREC

OTNANARP RUJUJ AYRAK

,nakukalid hadus gnay naitilenep ianegnem nakispirksednem naka ini tapme baB

gnay aoD“ neprec kisnirtni rusnu sisilana ispirksed gnatnet utiay ayrak ”macnagneM

emsilarutkurts natakednep nagned sisilana nad ,aynrusnuratna sisilana ,otnanarP rujuJ

gnay aoD“ neprec nasahabmep nad naitilenep lisah halada ini tukireB .kiteneg

.otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”nacnagneM

1.4 eM gnay aoD “ kedneP atireC sisilanA otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”macnagn

helorepmem najutreb ini sisilanA “ neprec isi narabmag gnay aoD ”macnagneM

J ayrak nagned nakukalid sisilanA .huruleynem araces otnanarP ruju nakrabajnem arac

kisnirtni rusnu hurules ,hokot ;utiay ,neprec malad gnudnakret gnay ,ratal ,amet ,rula

s ,asahab rusnU .tanama nad ,gnadnap tudu - nad nakisinifedid naidumek tubesret rusnu

.atirec nahurulesek ankam nakpakgnugnem kutnu nakispirksedid

1.1.4 hokoT

ukalep arap halada hokoT ec ukalep ic iaynupmem hokot paites ,atir ir - ,rihal iric

acabmep helo lanekid raga aynkataw naktaugnem naka gnay aynnitab pakis nad tafis .

hokoT - rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad lucnum gnay hokot


45

gnaroes( mitaD nad ,oraniS ,)aresnoM ubi( anitsaL ,aresnoM ;utiay ,otnanarP

hokoT .)tawarep - esret hokot :tukireb iagabes nakrabajid tub

.1 aresnoM

hokot nakapurem aresnoM hokoT amatu lartnes hokot uata ai anerak ,ini neprec

nakatirecid kaynab gnilap naidajek ianekid gnay nupuam naidajek ukalep iagabes kiab ,

naidajek paites id ridah ulales nad . aynupmem aresnoM kataw i gnay malad nakataynid

:tukireb napituk

.a asa sutup haduM

“ apmas ualaK gnE irah kose tibret irahataM i ,ukaod naklubagnem aguj kat uak naka uka uti haletes babes ,alup ilak rihkret gnay kutnu nupma nohom uka

naklaggninem - ”.uM otnanarP( :2002 , 84 - .)94

.b iT rukuysreb hadum kad

“ .nahuT adapek igal nohomem nad nahatreb tauk kat aresnoM aynrihka iapmaS ,ay ,hapmilem gnay ikezer ukirebmem halet uakgnE rukuysreb huggnus ukA“

huT a nad ,ulal asam tahilem uknailhaek irad uka naksabeb gnolot gnarakes ipat ,nnakilabmek ”.asaib aisunam iagabes uka

“ ,aodreb nad aodreb suret aresnoM nalubes ,uggnimes ,irah aud ,irahes haleteS nad rabas kat ialum aI .gnalihgnem gnujnuk kat aynlarutanarpus naupmamek

et r .aynnakukalid hanrep ulud gnay itrepes namacna halpacu guj kat uaK ualaK“ areges naka uka ,nahuT ,ay ,ukaod naklubagnem naklaggninem a - .uM ” otnanarP( ,

:2002 .)55

.c naataynek amirenem uam kadiT

“ adum hisam utkaw aynubi otof haubes tahilem iridnes muynesret aresnoM ”. nasalik ,aynkadnehek raul id ulaL .aresnoM mamug ”,ilakes kitnaC“ - nasalik

races tabelekreb ialum ulal asam a .naknikayem nad gnineb “ aid irah malam …nimrec akum id nadnadreb anitsaL amanreb atinaw gnaroeS

iabmalem ,konores naiakap nakanegnem amil ikak id ikak nalajreb - nakiabmal


55

,tawel gnay aduk aterek paites adap nagnat halas iapmas - nad itnehreb utas iluagid ulal …airp gnaroes iluagid anitsaL kapman salikes …igrep aynawabmem

L …alup nial tapmet id nial airp ,nagnudnak nakruguggnem lagag ,limah anitsanamerp gnaroes uyarem L …ihakinid atnim kutnu nanalaj agned hakinem anitsa n

namerp is …limah hadus anitsaL uhat haletes tegak namerp is …uti namerpnem L …ajas utigeb anitsaL naklaggni aman irebid nad …aynkana nakrihalem anitsa

.aresnoM ” kairetreb aresnoM ”!rucalep gnaroes ukubi nikgnum kaT !halas itsap inI“

bmem libmas itah malad otof gnau - gnacnugreb aynnnaasareP .aynnagnat id otof ,ukadap halnakataK“ .akaleb raneb aynnagnadnap ualak tukat utigeb asarem ,tabeh

knagnadnap awhab ,nahuT ,ay otnanarP( ”.urilek ini ilak u :2002 , .)45

.d namireb gnaruK m uata nahuT nakugare .

“ arem ai ini ilaK tikideS .napmem kat ilakes amas nahuT adap aynnamacna asurep ada kadit nup aL .aynirid malad idajret nahab am - ,rikipreb aresnoM amal

nagnaj - ulud hibel nad haram nahuT ulud amatrep gnay aynnamacna nagned nagnajum alages ,utigeb gnamem ualaK .aynnaklaggninem les aynamiretid gnay tazijk ama

asib ini .nates nairebmep naknialem ,nahuT irad hareguna nakub idaj ” “ !nates ,iaH“ ,atakreb nup aresnom akaM nagned uka askis uak nagnaJ

aisunam itrepes uka nakilabmeK .atirednem uktaubmem urtsuj gnay umnairebmepualaK !asaib em ilabmek naka uka ,aynnakukalem uam kadit uak adap idbagn

otnanarP( ”!nahuT :2002 , .)55 yak ikalel gnaroes halai kapman gnay ini ilaK a gnay hitel hajawreb ayar

irad iral nad ajahasreb taykar iagabes ramaynem ,aynnayakek nagned nasob asaremidnes aynhamur ,ayntagecnem tahajnep kopmolekeS .iynus malam hagnet id ir

ikal hubut ek akerem atajnes nakgnodonem - .sarek aynkidrahgnem nad ini ikal ”!umgnau aumes nakhareS“

.nup neses gnau awab kadit ayaS“ .hamur id laggnit ayas aumeS akuses hallibmAnailak ualak nailak ”.uam

nagnaJ‘ - niam - ”!aguj gnarakes umgnau nakhareS !niam ikaL - nad haram ayngnodonep arap aggnih ,amas gnay nabawaj ignalugnem ini ikal

ilakreb akerem atajnes nakmajuhgnem - .aynhubut ek ilak rac nagned itam uam kadit ukA“ .kairetreb aresnoM ”!kaaadiT“ a igeb ”!!!uuut

al uhat kat aresnoM ini ilak ipaT aodreb surah ai apais adapek ig ”. otnanarP( ,:2002 75 - .)85

malad nakataynid ,aresnoM hokot narabmaggnep gnatnet napituk nakrasadreB

naataynrep - id gnay naataynrep M ,atirec silunep helo nakatirec gnaroes halada aresno


65

raga nahuT adap aodreb ulal aI .atirednem aynpudih nad niksim gnay atok kududnep

aI .aynaod malad nahuT macnagnem nad halel asarem ai iapmaS .ayak aynpudih

numaN .ayak ayntaubmem aynrihka gnay naupmamek haubes naktapadnem naidumek

ai ,ayak idajnem haletes .aigahab kat asarem nup

.2 anitsaL

anitsaL uata nahabmat hokot nakapurem hpirep lare malad aynnaridahek anerak ,

.amatu hokot naadarebek gnukudnem numan ,tikides atirec L iaynupmem aguj anitsa

.tukireb napituk malad nakataynid gnay kataw

.a adoggnep atinaW

“ roeS aid irah malam …nimrec akum id nadnadreb anitsaL amanreb atinaw gnaiabmalem ,konores naiakap nakanegnem amil ikak id ikak nalajreb - nakiabmal

halas iapmas ,tawel gnay aduk aterek paites adap nagnat - nad itnehreb utasanitsaL kapman salikes …igrep aynawabmem iluagid ulal …airp gnaroes iluagid

L …alup nial tapmet id nial airp ,nagnudnak nakruguggnem lagag ,limah anitsanamerp gnaroes uyarem L …ihakinid atnim kutnu nanalaj nagned hakinem anitsa

merp is …limah hadus anitsaL uhat haletes tegak namerp is …uti namerp nanem L …ajas utigeb anitsaL naklaggni aman irebid nad …aynkana nakrihalem anitsa

aresnoM ”. otnanarP( :2002 , .)45

.b kiciL

“ aid irah malam …nimrec akum id nadnadreb anitsaL amanreb atinaw gnaroeSiabmalem ,konores naiakap nakanegnem amil ikak id ikak nalajreb - nakiabmal

halas iapmas ,tawel gnay aduk aterek paites adap nagnat - nad itnehreb utas iluagid ulal …airp gnaroes iluagid anitsaL kapman salikes …igrep aynawabmem

L …alup nial tapmet id nial airp ,nagnudnak nakruguggnem lagag ,limah anitsaamerp gnaroes uyarem n L …ihakinid atnim kutnu nanalaj nagned hakinem anitsa

namerp is …limah hadus anitsaL uhat haletes tegak namerp is …uti namerpnem L …ajas utigeb anitsaL naklaggni aman irebid nad …aynkana nakrihalem anitsa

aresnoM ”. otnanarP( :2002 , .)45


75

ubi halada anitsaL nusud haubes id aynnaklaggnitid ini amales gnay aresnoM

amales gnay ,marus gnay ulal asam iaynupmem anitsaL .anaylaK iregen id niksimret

kadit nad limah gnay rucalep gnaroes halada anitsaL .aresnoM helo iuhatekid kadit ini

aynnagnudnak nakrugugnem lisahreb kutnu namerp gnaroes uyarem ai ulal ,

.aresnoM aman irebid nad rihal ayngnudnakid gnay kanA .aynihakinem

.3 oraniS

S orani uata nahabmat hokot nakapurem larehpirep malad aynnaridahek anerak ,

.amatu hokot naadarebek gnukudnem numan ,tikides atirec oraniS aguj iaynupmem


.a kiaB

“ aresnoM hubut nakumenem oraniS amanreb aduk ragaduas gnaroes ,aynigaP ,rubuk gnail ilaggnem oraniS .tayam idaj hadus aynarignem nad sugnah gnay

ug utigeb ipaT .aynrubugnem nad aresnom nakaodnem ianegnem hanat nalapm .karegreb tikides ayntulum ,aresnoM akum .irus itam amuC aresnoM ataynreT

nabalaS iregen id aynhamur ek gnalup aresnoM awabmem nad ilakes tegak oraniS ”. otnanarP( :2002 , .)05

.b rabaS

“ akul ,oraniS agraulek tawarid hibel nalubes haleteS atiredid gnay rakab saib ialum aresnoM .hilup rusgnareb aynnaradaseK .hubmes rusgnareb aresnoM agitek nalub kusaM .aisenma atirednem hisam ipat ,atak hatap aud hatapes aracib

gni halurab asib nad ,lamron ilabmek aynnata nagned rajaw araces gnacnibrebgnaro - .aynratikes id gnaro ” “ .radirS aynaman ,aY“ .hides naasarep nagned atirecreb ulal ,tegak kaga oraniS

kat gnarakes iapmaS .ulal gnay nuhat hulupes raduas gnarep tuki utkaw gnalih aI”.laggninem hadus uata pudih hisam aid naitsapek ada hanrep otnanarP( , 2002 : 05 -

.)15


85

hubut tawarem nad nakumenem aI .aduk ragaduas gnaroes halada oraniS

umetreb asib aynrihka oraniS .ritep rabmasret anerak irus itam gnades gnay aresnoM

ikilimid gnay naupmamek takreb uhat hulupes hasipret hadus gnay aynaraduas nagned

.aresnoM

.4 taD mi

D mita uata nahabmat hokot nakapurem larehpirep malad aynnaridahek anerak ,

iaynupmem aguj mitaD .amatu hokot naadarebek gnukudnem numan ,tikides atirec


.a kiaB

“ itam irad radasret aresnoM nalubes irad hibel kaT aid amatrep gnaY .aynirus aresnoM .hides hajawreb gnay mitaD amanreb agaj tawarep gnaroes halada tahil

.hides tagnas kapman mitaD apanek aynatreb nad nalanekreb aynkajagnem ” haletes anerak igal hakinem kutnu ayas adap nizi nohomem ayas imauS“

led uhat napa asib kat ayas hakinem n mitaD bawaj ”,kana aynirebmem ”. otnanarP( ,:2002 .)65

.b itah hadneR

“ abiT .mitaD patanem maidret aresnoM - nasalik ,aynkadnehek raul id ,abit -hatnum mitaD tahilem ai ini ilaK .imala aid asaib itrepes tabelekreb nageda nasalik -

id hatnum gned aracib ulal ,idnam ramak a sata tamales pacugnem gnay retkod n.aynnalimahek

”?uti itrepes ayas patanem aresnoM nauT apaneK“ ”.mitaD ,limah uakgne tahil ukA“

gnaneynem iadnap nauT ,hA“ - kaneb malad ualaK .atinaw naasarep nakgnaneynasam id gnayabret nauT nakrihalem hadus ayas gnarakes halutnet ,limah ayas ulal

kana halam uata ”.raseb hadus ayas otnanarP( :2002 , .)65


95

.c rabaS

“ aid amatrep gnaY .aynirus itam irad radasret aresnoM nalubes irad hibel kaTreb gnay mitaD amanreb agaj tawarep gnaroes halada tahil aresnoM .hides hajaw

.hides tagnas kapman mitaD apanek aynatreb nad nalanekreb aynkajagnem haletes anerak igal hakinem kutnu ayas adap nizi nohomem ayas imauS“

aib kat ayas hakinem nuhat napaled mitaD bawaj ”,kana aynirebmem s ”. otnanarP( ,:2002 .)65

mitaD tawarid aresnoM tapmet tikas tamur id agaj tawarep gnaroes halada

naka aynimaus anerak hides gnay mitaD .aynilak audek gnay ritep rabmasret anerak

.limah aguj muleb mitaD aynnahakinrep uhat napaled amales babes ,igal hakinem

ret ai ,aresnoM umetreb akiteK nad ,limah naka ai nakatagnem aresnoM anerak tujek

raneb uti - .itkubret raneb

2.1.4 rulA

gnay rulA .atirec utaus malad awitsirep naiakgnar nakapurem rulA nakanugid

”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad silunep gnay awitsirep anerak ,ujam rula halada

imalaid .utkaw naturu malad gnusgnalreb nad sigolonork tafisreb aynamatu hokot

1.2.1.4 narapaP

gnay aod irad alumreb atirec nakrakrapamem gnaragnep ,atirec lawa adaP

aresnoM nakpacuid gnay aod malad iD .aresnoM utiay ,aynamatu hokot nakpacuid

nu namacna tapadret nahuT kut ek kusam acabmep ratnagnem naka ini aod irad nad

narapaP .aynnakartnok naklaggninem igrep aresnoM haletes ayntujnales atirec malad

.ini tukireb naataynrep irad tahilid tapad atirec


06

nuhatreb ,nahuT aY“ - adap aodreb uka nuhat - uaK raga nohomem ,uM naksapel

iapmas aynatayn ipat ,uknapudihek tarejnem amal naikes gnay naniksimek irad uka awhab paggnagnem uka aggnih ,niksim habmatreb nakhab nad niksim patet uka inik uka ini taas aneraK .aynnaklubagnem igalapa ,ukaod ragnednem hanrep kat uakgnE

kat hadus apa aynup - uka ,nakanekuk gnay naiakap gnasapes nad nadab niales igal apaadapek nohomem nigni - e tibret irahataM iapmas ualaK .ilak rihkaret kutnu uM irah kos

gnE ,alup ilak rihkret gnay kutnu nupma nohom uka ,ukaod naklubagnem aguj kat uakuti haletes babes naklaggninem naka uka - ”.uM

“ id laggnit gnay niksim kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihkaret aod halutI.anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapmA atok nariggnip S hamur utnip putunem ai uti halete

aynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynem nad aynicnugnem ,aynlaggnit tapmet hamur gnaynalubreb halet - anem nalub aynadap awes gnau nakaggnut hig ”. otnanarP( :2002 , 84 - .)94

2.2.1.4 nagnasgnaR

gnasgnarem gnay nalibatskaditek adap haragnem ialum atirec ini naigab adaP

resnoM aod aynlubakret muleb nagned iadnatid ini laH .kilfnok aynlubmit igap akitek a

gnay aod gnatnet aresnoM irid malad naaynatrep lubmit ulaL .abit hadus

.tukireb naataynrep adap tahilid tapad ini laH .aynnakpacuid

“ akum ihasabmem gnay nubme nasetet helo nugnabret aresnoM haletes nad ,ayn

asib kat ai uti u iapmas igal rudit emem rumit kuf rabedreb aI .har - uggnunem rabed parahreb irahataM ayntibret - .idajret naka gnay apa nakgnayabmem samec parah ”

”?uknamacna helo kisuret nahuT hakapA ?ukaod ragnednem nahuT hakapA“

“ y aynnanalajrep naksurenem aresnoM nad tibret irahataM iapmaS apnat gna ipat ,asa sutup nad lasek ialum aresnoM .idajret awemitsi naidajek ada kat ,ini naujut

nad natuh naklaggninem nalajreb suret annavas tupmur gnadap ikusamem ”. otnanarP( ,:2002 94 - .)05

3.2.1.4 kilfnoK

malad lucnum gnay nahalasamrep halada kilfnoK iadnatid ini naigab adaP .atirec

nakiaseleynem kutnu rikipreb aynamatu hokot taubmem gnay naidajek nagned


16

helorepmem aresnoM akitek awitsirep nagned iadnatid ini neprec malaD .aynhalasam

ep adap tahilid tapad ini laH .gnaroeses ulal asam tahilem naupmamek .tukireb nataynr

“ awhab radas haletes ,iridnes aynirid adap nareh nad tukat aresnoM nagnakaleB

ek igrep hanrep muleb ilakes amas ai ini mulebes asib ai anamiagab idaJ .ramadoR atok haubes id laggnit aynlanekid hanrep muleb gnay radirS amanreb gnaroes uhat

gnay .alup aynignatadid hanrep muleb ” “ otof majnimem aresnoM ,oraniS hamur ek ilabmekeS - ,nial gnay otof

hajaw itamagnem - tahilem saib ataynret ai takgnis utkaw malaD .uti otof malad hajawjnap mlif haubes nakiagab aynitamaid gnay gnaro napudihek nanalajrep tahileM .gna

S tahileM .naracapreb hisam utkaw oraniS eM .aynirtsi nolac ramalem orani tahil id ajnalebreb gnades ini taas aynirtsi tahilem naD .amatrep kana nakrihalem aynirtsi

.rasap ” “ gnaro iuhatekid tapec aresnoM ikilimid gnay hibel naupmamek ,laya kaT -

o gnodnobreb akereM .gnar - uata kana nakaynanem ,aresnoM ignatadnem gnodnob .araduas gnarep utkaw adap gnalih gnay akerem araduas kanas uata imaus uata haya .laggninem hadus irac akerem gnay nakatagnem aresnoM haletes hides gnay kaynaB

gnay alup kaynab numaN nagned ilabmek umetreb lisahreb ,oraniS itrepes aribmegreb nupuam ,same ,gnau apureb haidaH .anam ek hatne gnalihgnam ini amales gnay

gnarab - tidnup ek sared rilagnem ,hisak amiret adnat iagabes ,aynnial agrahreb gnarab -iremep aynrihka iapmaS .aresnoM idnup nabalaS iregen hatn alup ragnednem

susuhk tabajep iagabes aresnoM takgnagnem ulal ,aresnoM natabehek naisilopek id gnay tahajnep arap kacalem sagut aynirebmem nad ,iggnit tagnas ijag nagned

.irid nakiralem ” otnanarP( :2002 , .)25

4.2.1.4 isakilpmoK

kilpmoK kilfnok uata ,naalumrep kilfnok nagnabmekrep nakapurem isa

gnay isakilpmoK .skamilk iapacnem karegreb gnay naalumrep dap lucnum ini neprec a

lisahreb asarem nad ayak idajnem aynrihka aresnoM akitek atirec naigab adap tahilret

b halasam ulaL .nahuT macnagnem akitek igal gnabmekre tegnem aresnoM awhab iuha

ulud aynubi ataynret nigni aresnoM akitek kilep nikames halasaM .rucalep gnaroes

nlarutanarpus naupmamek nakgnalihgnem macnagnem nad igal aodreb ai ,ay .nahuT

.tukireb naataynrep adap tahilid tapad ini laH


26

“ oM hagnet id naD .ayar ayak gnay gnaro idajnem nup aresn - hagnet

nahuT macnagnem lisahreb halet aynirid asarem ai ,uti hapmilem gnay aynnaayakek.aynaod tawel ”

“ aresnoM ,nabalaS nahatniremep nad taykar igab itkabreb amal pukuc haleteSgnaY .ayniregen ek gnalup natnam arap iumenem halada aynnakukalid amatrep

naklaggninem aresnoM uti haleteS .akerem gnatuip aumes rayabmem nad ,aggnatet aynubi iumenem ,anaylaK iregen id niksimret nusud haubes ek igrep ,irapmA atoK

ajas utigeb aynnaklaggnitid ini amales gnay ”. arP( otnan :2002 , .)35 malad kairetreb aresnoM ”!rucalep gnaroes ukubi nikgnum kaT !halas itsap inI“

otof gnaubmem libmas itah - .aynnagnat id otof ,tabeh gnacnugreb aynnnaasareP ,ay ,ukadap halnakataK“ .akaleb raneb aynnagnadnap ualak tukat utigeb asarem

b ,nahuT ”.urilek ini ilak uknagnadnap awha ( otnanarP :2002 , .)45 “ ,aodreb nad aodreb suret aresnoM nalubes ,uggnimes ,irah aud ,irahes haleteS

ihgnem gnujnuk kat aynlarutanarpus naupmamek nad rabas kat ialum aI .gnaluret kalid hanrep ulud gnay itrepes namacna halpac aguj kat uaK ualaK“ .aynnaku

naklaggninem areges naka uka ,nahuT ,ay ,ukaod naklubagnem - ”.uM ( otnanarP ,:2002 .)55

5.2.1.4 skamilK

tit nakapurem skamilK i lisah aynirad gnay ,isakilpmok iggnitret satisnetni k

skamilK .nakaleret kat nad helorepid naka atirec awitsirep adap tahilret ini neprec

naknialem ,aynaod naklubagnem gnay nahuT nakub awhab rikipreb aresnoM akitek

.tukireb naataynrep adap tahilid tapad ini laH .nates adap aodreb nup ai ulaL .nates

“ kat ilakes amas nahuT adap aynnamacna asarem ai ini ilaK tikideS .napmem

urep ada kadit nup aL .aynirid malad idajret nahab am - nagnaj ,rikipreb aresnoM amal - ulud hibel nad haram nahuT ulud amatrep gnay aynnamacna nagned nagnaj

tazijkum alages ,utigeb gnamem ualaK .aynnaklaggninem ini amales aynamiretid gnayasib .nates nairebmep naknialem ,nahuT irad hareguna nakub idaj ”

“ !nates ,iaH“ ,atakreb nup aresnom akaM nagned uka askis uak nagnaJ aisunam itrepes uka nakilabmeK .atirednem uktaubmem urtsuj gnay umnairebmep

ek naka uka ,aynnakukalem uam kadit uak ualaK !asaib ”!nahuT adap idbagnem ilabm ( otnanarP :2002 , .)55


36

6.2.1.4 naiaseleyneP

atirec rihka naigaB ujunem skamilk irad lasareb gnay utauses alages irad iridret

natid ini naigaB .atirec lisah uata halasam naiaseleynep aresnoM akitek irad iad

itapadnem adit aynirid al asam tahilem tapad aynah k l uj ai ipat ,u tahilem upmam ag

umeK .naped asam laH .aynnaitamek tahilem nad aynirid naped asam tahilem ai naid

.tukireb naataynrep adap tahilid tapad ini

“ atujreb gnau apureb nalabmi gnupmanem nahalawek aresnoM - same ,atuj

reb olik - tarakreb nailreb nupuam olik - ,gnutihgnem tapmes kat iridnes ai iapmas ,tarak naktapmeynem nad halel tagnas asarem ai taas utaus iapmaS .aynitamkinem igalapa .nimrec id aynhajaw patanem nad ,lefatsaw id akum husabmem ,taases taharitsi irid

nup aresnoM nasalik lucnum naidumek amal kaT .nugetret - naidajek nasalik…gnaroeses hajaw patanem ai paites idajret ulales anamiagabes ”

“ asarem gnay hitel hajawreb ayar ayak ikalel gnaroes halai kapman gnay ini ilaKsreb taykar iagabes ramaynem ,aynnayakek nagned nasob aynhamur irad iral nad ajaha

nakgnodonem ,ayntagecnem tahajnep kopmolekeS .iynus malam hagnet id iridnesikal hubut ek akerem atajnes - .sarek aynkidrahgnem nad ini ikal ”

”!umgnau aumes nakhareS“ .hamur id laggnit ayas aumeS .nup neses gnau awab kadit ayaS“ hallibmA

”.uam nailak ualak nailak akuses nagnaJ‘ - niam - ”!aguj gnarakes umgnau nakhareS !niam

ikaL - haram ayngnodonep arap aggnih ,amas gnay nabawaj ignalugnem ini ikalilakreb akerem atajnes nakmajuhgnem nad - .aynhubut ek ilak

“ .kairetreb aresnoM ”!kaaadiT“ rac nagned itam uam kadit ukA a ”!!!uuutigeb al uhat kat aresnoM ini ilak ipaT aodreb surah ai apais adapek ig ”. ( otnanarP ,

:2002 75 - .)85

.atirec rihka nakutnenem gnay acabmep anerak akubret tafisreb ini atirec rihkA

aklupmisid tapad gnay nanikgnumek aud adA aresnoM ,amatrep ,acabmep helo n

habmeynem ilabmek nad nahuT nakugarem halet gnay aynnahalasek iradaynem

.nahuT .nates habmeynem ulal nahuT naklaggninem nad awecek aresnoM ,audeK


46

3.1.4 rataL

agned nagnubuhreb rataL n sos nagnukgnil nad tapmet ,utkaw et lai aynidajr

awitsirep - aL .atirec malad awitsirep gnay aoD“ neprec malad tapadret gnay rat

yrak ”macnagneM pulem otnanarP rujuJ a sos nad ,tapmet ,utkaw ratal itu .lai

1.3.1.4 utkaw rataL

naataynreP .idajret awitsirep ’napak‘ nagned nagnubuhreb utkaw rataL -

ynrep awitsirep aynidajret napak utkaw adap kujnunem ini hawab id naata - awitsirep

neprec malad “ macnagneM gnay aoD ”.

.1 irah igaP

“ akum ihasabmem gnay nubme nasetet helo nugnabret aresnoM haletes nad ,aynasib kat ai uti emem rumit kufu iapmas igal rudit reb aI .har rabed - uggnunem rabed

parahreb irahataM ayntibret - mem samec parah idajret naka gnay apa nakgnayab ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)94

“ apnat gnay aynnanalajrep naksurenem aresnoM nad tibret irahataM iapmaSasek ialum aresnoM .idajret awemitsi naidajek ada kat ,ini naujut ipat ,asa sutup nad l

annavas tupmur gnadap ikusamem nad natuh naklaggninem nalajreb suret ”. ( otnanarP ,:2002 )05 . “ aresnoM hubut nakumenem oraniS amanreb aduk ragaduas gnaroes ,aynigaP

ubuk gnail ilaggnem oraniS .tayam idaj hadus aynarignem nad sugnah gnay ,r akum ianegnem hanat nalapmug utigeb ipaT .aynrubugnem nad aresnom nakaodnem

.karegreb tikides ayntulum ,aresnoM tegak oraniS .irus itam amuC aresnoM ataynreTnabalaS iregen id aynhamur ek gnalup aresnoM awabmem nad ilakes ”. ( otnanarP ,

:2002 )05 . “ aynigaP gnaro , - nad sugnah gnay aresnoM hubut nakumenem gnaro .irus itam

tasup hatniremeP .kiabret tikas hamur ek aresnoM awabmem tubereb akereM id ilha retkod aumes nakharegnem raga nataheseK nemetrapeD nakiskurtsnignem

geN tesa naktamaleynem kutnu iregen hurules amanreb aisunam apureb ara M aresnoini ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)55


56

.2 S irah gnai

“ lakebreb apnat irahataM aynkiret gnatnanem aresnoM ,irid hunub nigni itrepeSpnat malam aynnignid gnatnanem nad ria nup setetes tumiles nup rabmeles lakebreb a

noM ,hujutek irah adaP .tupmur naakumrep sata id ayad apnat katelegret ares uti taaSpajrekreb taliK .sared nurut najuh - .paleg gnay malam ignarenem pajrek rutnuG

hubut rabmaynem ,majat kikunem taselem ritep tereleS .rageleggnem ”.aresnoM( otnanarP :2002 , .)05

.3 irah malaM

“ itrepeS lakebreb apnat irahataM aynkiret gnatnanem aresnoM ,irid hunub nigni tumiles nup rabmeles lakebreb apnat malam aynnignid gnatnanem nad ria nup setetes

.tupmur naakumrep sata id ayad apnat katelegret aresnoM ,hujutek irah adaP uti taaSK .sared nurut najuh pajrekreb tali - rutnuG .paleg gnay malam ignarenem pajrek

aresnoM hubut rabmaynem ,majat kikunem taselem ritep tereleS .rageleggnem ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)05

“ aid irah malam …nimrec akum id nadnadreb anitsaL amanreb atinaw gnaroeSem amil ikak id ikak nalajreb iabmalem ,konores naiakap nakanegn - nagnat nakiabmal

halas iapmas ,tawel gnay aduk aterek paites adap - aynawabmem nad itnehreb utas iluagid ulal …airp gnaroes iluagid anitsaL kapman salikes …igrep tapmet id nial airp

…alup nial L ruguggnem lagag ,limah anitsa namerp gnaroes uyarem ,nagnudnak nak L …ihakinid atnim kutnu nanalaj tegak namerp is …uti namerp nagned hakinem anitsa

nem namerp is …limah hadus anitsaL uhat haletes …ajas utigeb anitsaL naklaggniL aresnoM aman irebid nad …aynkana nakrihalem anitsa ”. ( anarP otn :2002 , .)45

“ pajrekreb taliK .sared nurut najuh kitekeS - .paleg gnay malam ignarenem pajrek kikunem taselem ritep tereleS .rageleggnem rutnuG hubut rabmaynem ,majat

aresnoM ”. otnanarP( .)55 ;2002 , “ wreb ayar ayak ikalel gnaroes halai kapman gnay ini ilaK asarem gnay hitel haja

aynhamur irad iral nad ajahasreb taykar iagabes ramaynem ,aynnayakek nagned nasob nakgnodonem ,ayntagecnem tahajnep kopmolekeS .iynus malam hagnet id iridnes

ikal hubut ek akerem atajnes -l sarek aynkidrahgnem nad ini ika ”. ( otnanarP , :2002 .)75

2.3.1.4 tapmet rataL

malaD .atirec malad awitsirep aynidajret isakol adap ucagnem tapmet rataL

aman naktubeynem silunep ini neprec - tapad ini lah . tapmet nad ,haread ,atok aman

.ini tukireb naataynrep irad tahilid


66

.1 irapmA atoK – anaylaK iregeN

“ id laggnit gnay niksim kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihkaret aod halutI hamur utnip putunem ai uti haletes.anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapmA atok nariggnip gnay hamuraynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynem nad aynicnugnem ,aynlaggnit tapmet

nalubreb halet - anem nalub g aynadap awes gnau nakaggnut hi ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)94 “ aresnoM ,nabalaS nahatniremep nad taykar igab itkabreb amal pukuc haleteS

natnam arap iumenem halada aynnakukalid amatrep gnaY .ayniregen ek gnalup haleteS .akerem gnatuip aumes rayabmem nad ,aggnatet naklaggninem aresnoM uti

aynubi iumenem ,anaylaK iregen id niksimret nusud haubes ek igrep ,irapmA atoKajas utigeb aynnaklaggnitid ini amales gnay ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)35

.2 ramadoR atoK

etreb ayas amal muleb“ .naitsapek hunep aresnoM atak ”,pudih hisam aiD“ umramadoR id aid ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)15

.3 nabalaS iregeN

“ aresnoM hubut nakumenem oraniS amanreb aduk ragaduas gnaroes ,aynigaP ,rubuk gnail ilaggnem oraniS .tayam idaj hadus aynarignem nad sugnah gnay

alapmug utigeb ipaT .aynrubugnem nad aresnom nakaodnem akum ianegnem hanat n .karegreb tikides ayntulum ,aresnoM tegak oraniS .irus itam amuC aresnoM ataynreT

nabalaS iregen id aynhamur ek gnalup aresnoM awabmem nad ilakes ”. ( otnanarP ,:2002 )05 . “ nabalaS nahatniremep nad taykar igab itkabreb amal pukuc haleteS aresnoM ,

natnam arap iumenem halada aynnakukalid amatrep gnaY .ayniregen ek gnalup naklaggninem aresnoM uti haleteS .akerem gnatuip aumes rayabmem nad ,aggnatet aynubi iumenem ,anaylaK iregen id niksimret nusud haubes ek igrep ,irapmA atoK

ini amales gnay ajas utigeb aynnaklaggnitid ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)35

3.3.1.4 rataL sos lai

rataL sos naadaek nagned nagnubuhreb lai sos .atirec malad idajret gnay lai

tapad atirec malad utnetet isautis nad ,ratikes nagnukgnil ,takaraysam naadaeK

ynlaisos ratal nakrabmaggnem rataL .a sos naataynrep irad tahilid tapad ini neprec lai

.tukireb


76

“ id laggnit gnay niksim kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihkaret aod halutI.anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapmA atok nariggnip S hamur utnip putunem ai uti halete

em nad aynicnugnem ,aynlaggnit tapmet gnay hamuraynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynnalubreb halet - aynadap awes gnau nakaggnut higanem nalub ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)94

“ aresnoM ,nabalaS nahatniremep nad taykar igab itkabreb amal pukuc haleteSmenem halada aynnakukalid amatrep gnaY .ayniregen ek gnalup natnam arap iu

naklaggninem aresnoM uti haleteS .akerem gnatuip aumes rayabmem nad ,aggnatet aynubi iumenem ,anaylaK iregen id niksimret nusud haubes ek igrep ,irapmA atoK

amales gnay ajas utigeb aynnaklaggnitid ini ( ”. otnanarP :2002 , .)35

sata id napituK gnay nad niksim gnay takaraysam napudihek ratal nakkujnunem

iksim tagnas gnay hokot napudihek nakatirecnem amatrep napituK .ayak n nakgnadeS .

.ayar ayak gnay hokot napudihek nakatirecnem audek napituk adap

4.1.4 gnadnap tuduS

inket nakapurem gnadnap tuduS kutnu gnaragnep nakanugrepid gnay k

nad iapmas tapad kutnu ,aynkitsitra ayrak ankam nakiapmaynem nad nakumenem

acabmep nakparahid ,aynhilipid gnay kinket nagneD .acabmep nagned nagnubuhreb

nasagag itayahgnem nad amirenem tapad - .aynnasagag ini neprec malaD gnaragnep

gnem matu hokot iagabes aresnoM .uhat aham naaid gnadnap tudus nakanug a ,atirec

tapad ini laH .”uti ikalel“ uata ”aresnoM“ utiay aynaman tubeynem nagned nakatirecid

.tukireb naataynrep irad tahilid

“ im kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihkaret aod halutI id laggnit gnay niks.anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapmA atok nariggnip S hamur utnip putunem ai uti halete

aynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynem nad aynicnugnem ,aynlaggnit tapmet gnay hamurnalubreb halet - aynadap awes gnau nakaggnut higanem nalub ”. ( otnanarP 02 , :20 .)94

“ ikusamem ikak nalajreb ,atok ubi naklaggninem ulal uti suruk nadabreb ikaleLibmu ,icnilek iracnem ,natuhreb hayaliw - haub nad ,naibmu - patnasreb kutnu ,nahaub

ad rudit ulal ,malam r igap ayngnatad itnanem raseb nohop haubes malad i ”. otnanarP( ,:2002 .)94 .


86

“ asarem gnay hitel hajawreb ayar ayak ikalel gnaroes halai kapman gnay ini ilaK aynhamur irad iral nad ajahasreb taykar iagabes ramaynem ,aynnayakek nagned nasob nakgnodonem ,ayntagecnem tahajnep kopmolekeS .iynus malam hagnet id iridnes

erem atajnes ikal hubut ek ak -l sarek aynkidrahgnem nad ini ika ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)75

aman tubeynem nagned aynhokot nakatirecnem gnaragnep ,sata id napituk adaP

agiteK .ayar ayak ikalel atak nad ,uti suruk nadabreb ikalel itnag atak uata ,aynhokot

nem kutnu itnag atak salej aggniheS .aid atak itnaggnep nakapurem hokot is naktubey

.uhat aham naaid halada gnaragnep nakanugid gnay gnadnap tudus awhab

5.1.4 asahaB

ayag iaynupmem artsas asahaB .artsas napakgnugnep anaras nakapurem asahaB

aynnakadebmem gnay,sahk gnay asahab ayag halada asahab ayaG .nial asahab nagned

nakpakgnugnem gnaragnep asahab anamiagab uata ,asorp malad asahab napakgnugnep

.aynnakakumekid naka gnay utauses garagnep paites edi nagnaunep nad ayaG

adebreb - taerk nad ,naupmamek ,nanigniek nagned iauses ,adeb malaD .aynsativi

hadum nad anahredes gnay aisenodnI asahab nakanuggnem gnaragnep ,ini neprec

.ukab asahab magar nakanuggnem ini neprec malad golaid nad asahaB .imahapid

gnaragneP tamilak nakanuggnem - nap tamilak laH .atirec nakpakgnugnem kutnu gnaj

i tapad in napituk irad tahilid .tukireb

“ id laggnit gnay niksim kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihkaret aod halutI hamur utnip putunem ai uti haletes.anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapmA atok nariggnip

aynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynem nad aynicnugnem ,aynlaggnit tapmet amur gnay hnalubreb halet - anem nalub aynadap awes gnau nakaggnut hig ”. ( ,otnanarP .)94:2002


96

6.1.4 ameT

sidartnon amet kutneb iagabes nakgnologid tapad ini neprec ameT ini lah ,lanoi

kipot nakanerakid s malad rajaw kadit ,mizal kadit ini atirec takgnagnem gnay utau

rihka iridnes nakutnenem acabmep uata ,kabetid tapad kadit atirec rihka nad ,atirec

i laH .aresnoM imalaid gnay nagnalamek nagned iadnatid ini atirec rihkA .aynatirec in

napituk irad tahilid tapad .ini tukireb

“ kalel gnaroes halai kapman gnay ini ilaK gnay hitel hajawreb ayar ayak i irad iral nad ajahasreb taykar iagabes ramaynem ,aynnayakek nagned nasob asarem ,ayntagecnem tahajnep kopmolekeS .iynus malam hagnet id iridnes aynhamur

ikal hubut ek akerem atajnes nakgnodonem - rek aynkidrahgnem nad ini ikal .sa ” ”!umgnau aumes nakhareS“

.hamur id laggnit ayas aumeS .nup neses gnau awab kadit ayaS“ hallibmA”.uam nailak ualak nailak akuses

nagnaJ‘ - niam - ”!aguj gnarakes umgnau nakhareS !niam ikaL - ram ayngnodonep arap aggnih ,amas gnay nabawaj ignalugnem ini ikal ha

ilakreb akerem atajnes nakmajuhgnem nad - .aynhubut ek ilak ”!!!uuutigeb rac nagned itam uam kadit ukA“ .kairetreb aresnoM ”!kaaadiT“

al uhat kat aresnoM ini ilak ipaT aodreb surah ai apais adapek ig ”. ( otnanarP ,:2002 75 - .)85

amet natakgnit nakrasadreB takgnit amet malad kusamret ini neprec ,yelpihS

irad tahilid tapad ini laH .aynnahuT nagned aisunam nagnubuh gnatnet utiay ,enivid

.tukireb napituk

nuhatreb ,nahuT aY“ - adap aodreb uka nuhat - naksapel uaK raga nohomem ,uMamal naikes gnay naniksimek irad uka iapmas aynatayn ipat ,uknapudihek tarejnem

awhab paggnagnem uka aggnih ,niksim habmatreb nakhab nad niksim patet uka inik uka ini taas aneraK .aynnaklubagnem igalapa ,ukaod ragnednem hanrep kat uakgnE

apa aynup kat hadus - gnasapes nad nadab niales igal apa uka ,nakanekuk gnay naiakapadapek nohomem nigni - irah kose tibret irahataM iapmas ualaK .ilak rihkaret kutnu uM

,alup ilak rihkret gnay kutnu nupma nohom uka ,ukaod naklubagnem aguj kat uakagnEnaklaggninem naka uka uti haletes babes - ”.uM

“ aret aod halutI id laggnit gnay niksim kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihk hamur utnip putunem ai uti haletes.anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapmA atok nariggnip


07

gnay hamur aynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynem nad aynicnugnem ,aynlaggnit tapmetnalubreb halet - u nakaggnut higanem nalub aynadap awes gna ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)94

napituk nakrasadreb naklupmisid tapad ini neprec ameT - id napituk “ utiay ,sata K gnaru

”nahuT nakugareM“ uata ”nahuT adapek rukuysreb .

7.1.4 tanamA


hasik iulalem nakiapmasret ini neprec tanamA .artsas ayrak haubes iulalem gnaragnep

,ayak idajnem ilakes nigni niksim pudih aynidat gnay aresnoM .aresnoM imalaid gnay

tapad gnay naseP .aynnaayakek nagned aigahab asarem kadit ai ,ayak ai haletes numan

tanamA .atik adap nakireb nahuT gnay apa sata rukuysreb surah atik halada kitep atik

.ini tukireb naataynrep irad naklupmis atik tapad ini

sabebret radekes irad hibel nakhaB !ubi ,ayas aod naklubagnem aynrihka nahuT“ak idaj gnarakes ayas ,naniksimek irad ”!ayar ay otnanarP( :2002 , .)35

“ gnay hitel hajawreb ayar ayak ikalel gnaroes halai kapman gnay ini ilaK irad iral nad ajahasreb taykar iagabes ramaynem ,aynnayakek nagned nasob asarem

ayntagecnem tahajnep kopmolekeS .iynus malam hagnet id iridnes aynhamur ,ikal hubut ek akerem atajnes nakgnodonem -l sarek aynkidrahgnem nad ini ika ”.

( ,otnanarP :2002 .)75

gnay isautiS .adebreb gnay isautis aud nakkujnunem sata id napituk audeK

audek gnay isautis numaN .ayak idajnem anerak naaribmegek nakujnunem amatrep

nunem tapad atik uti isautis audek iraD .ayak pudih nagned naaigahabkaditek nakkuj

.aigahab pudih atik nimajnem kadit ayak awhab narajalep libmagnem


17

2.4 sisilanA nepreC kisnirtnI rusnuratnA nagnubuH M gnay aoD“ ”macnagne

otnanarP rujuJ ayrak

yrak haubes malaD artsas a rusnu - tapad kadit utnet aynnugnabmep rusnu

d rusnU .nial amas utas nakhasipi - kisnirtni rusnu nugnabmep aubes malad atirec h

tapad kutnU .gnadnap tudus nad ,asahab ,tanama ,amet ,rula ,ratal ,hokot pukacnem

gnem halsurah rusnuratna nagnubuh nakumenem rusnu icnir araces uluhad nakpakgnu -

nakumenem tapad atik ,aynrusnuratna nagnubuh nakumenem haleteS .tubesret rusnu

.hutu gnay ankam

1.2.4 rataL nad hokoT

tapad hokot tafiS .tare gnay nagnubuh iaynupmem ratal nad hokot aratnA

nratal naadaek helo kutnebid manem ini neprec rataL .ay sos naadaek naklip gnay lai

takaraysam irad atoggna nakapurem ,ini neprec amatu hokot ,aresnoM .niksim tagnas

nigni aI .naniksimek malad pudih gnay aynnaadaek amirenem uam kadit aI .uti niksim

paites aodreb nagned aynbisan habugnem .ini hawab id napituk adap itrepes ,irah

nuhatreb ,nahuT aY“ - adap aodreb uka nuhat - naksapel uaK raga nohomem ,uM iapmas aynatayn ipat ,uknapudihek tarejnem amal naikes gnay naniksimek irad uka

uka aggnih ,niksim habmatreb nakhab nad niksim patet uka inik awhab paggnagnem uka ini taas aneraK .aynnaklubagnem igalapa ,ukaod ragnednem hanrep kat uakgnE

apa aynup kat hadus - uka ,nakanekuk gnay naiakap gnasapes nad nadab niales igal apaadapek nohomem nigni - apmas ualaK .ilak rihkaret kutnu uM se tibret irahataM i irah ko

gnE ,alup ilak rihkret gnay kutnu nupma nohom uka ,ukaod naklubagnem aguj kat uaknaklaggninem naka uka uti haletes babes - ”.uM

“ id laggnit gnay niksim kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihkaret aod halutIetes.anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapmA atok nariggnip hamur utnip putunem ai uti hal

aynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynem nad aynicnugnem ,aynlaggnit tapmet gnay hamurnalubreb halet - aynadap awes gnau nakaggnut higanem nalub ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)94


27

nakrabmaggnem kaynab nakanugid gnay utkaw rataL h malam anasaus gnay ira

obmiynem nahasusek nad namarusek nakl . gnay utkaw ratal ,irah malam nialeS

naaigahabek nad ,naparah ,urab irah naklobmiynem gnay irah igap halada nakanugid .

.tukireb napituk malad tahilid tapad tubesret laH

tnanem aresnoM ,irid hunub nigni itrepeS“ lakebreb apnat irahataM aynkiret gna tumiles nup rabmeles lakebreb apnat malam aynnignid gnatnanem nad ria nup setetes uti taaS .tupmur naakumrep sata id ayad apnat katelegret aresnoM ,hujutek irah adaP

pajrekreb taliK .sared nurut najuh - m ignarenem pajrek rutnuG .paleg gnay mala ”.aresnoM hubut rabmaynem ,majat kikunem taselem ritep tereleS .rageleggnem

( otnanarP :2002 , .)05 pajrekreb taliK .sared nurut najuh kitekeS“ - .paleg gnay malam ignarenem pajrek

jat kikunem taselem ritep tereleS .rageleggnem rutnuG ,ma hubut rabmaynem( ”.aresnoM otnanarP :2002 .)55

asarem gnay hitel hajawreb ayar ayak ikalel gnaroes halai kapman gnay ini ilaK“ aynhamur irad iral nad ajahasreb taykar iagabes ramaynem ,aynnayakek nagned nasob

ajnep kopmolekeS .iynus malam hagnet id iridnes nakgnodonem ,ayntagecnem tahikal hubut ek akerem atajnes - ( ”.sarek aynkidrahgnem nad ini ikal otnanarP :2002 , .)75

;irah igap adap anasaus nakkujnunem gnay napituk tukireB

haletes nad ,aynakum ihasabmem gnay nubme nasetet helo nugnabret aresnoM“kat ai uti rabedreb aI .haremem rumit kufu iapmas igal rudit asib - uggnunem rabed

parahreb irahataM ayntibret - ”.idajret naka gnay apa nakgnayabmem samec parah( otnanarP :2002 , .)94

apnat gnay aynnanalajrep naksurenem aresnoM nad tibret irahataM iapmaS“kat ,ini naujut ipat ,asa sutup nad lasek ialum aresnoM .idajret awemitsi naidajek ada

( ”.annavas tupmur gnadap ikusamem nad natuh naklaggninem nalajreb suret otnanarP ,:2002 .)05

aresnoM hubut nakumenem oraniS amanreb aduk ragaduas gnaroes ,aynigaP“ignem nad sugnah gnay ,rubuk gnail ilaggnem oraniS .tayam idaj hadus aynar

akum ianegnem hanat nalapmug utigeb ipaT .aynrubugnem nad aresnom nakaodnem .karegreb tikides ayntulum ,aresnoM tegak oraniS .irus itam amuC aresnoM ataynreT

aynhamur ek gnalup aresnoM awabmem nad ilakes ( ”.nabalaS iregen id otnanarP ,:2002 .)05

gnaro ,aynigaP“ - .irus itamnad sugnah gnay aresnoM hubut nakumenem gnaro tasup hatniremeP .kiabret tikas hamur ek aresnoM awabmem tubereb akereM

ha retkod aumes nakharegnem raga nataheseK nemetrapeD nakiskurtsnignem id il


37

tesa naktamaleynem kutnu iregen hurules M amanreb aisunam apureb arageN aresno ”.ini ( otnanarP :2002 , .)55

2.2.4 asahaB nad hokoT

.atirec hokot arap helo nakanugid gnay isakinumok anaras nakapurem asahaB

em kutnu gnaragnep helo nakanugid aguj asahaB asahaB .aynhokot apais nakatirecn

gnay asahaB .gnaroeses laisos takgnit naktahilrepmem tapad nakanugid gnay

gnay tamilak nad ,ukab asahab magar nakanuggnem ini neprec malad nakanugid

.gnajnap ynitah nad narikip isi nakiapmaynem kutnu hokot nakanugid asahaB akaM .a

hokot retkarak aggnihes hokot is ialinem kutnu tala idajnem tapad aguj asahab

eS .tauk nikames hokot awhab naklupmis atik tapad ,ini hawab id napituk adap itrep

idajnem aynpudih haburem kutnu nanigniekreb hokoT .asa sutup tafis iaynupmem

.kiab hibel

nuhatreb ,nahuT aY“ - adap aodreb uka nuhat - naksapel uaK raga nohomem ,uM iapmas aynatayn ipat ,uknapudihek tarejnem amal naikes gnay naniksimek irad uka awhab paggnagnem uka aggnih ,niksim habmatreb nakhab nad niksim patet uka inik

ednem hanrep kat uakgnE uka ini taas aneraK .aynnaklubagnem igalapa ,ukaod ragnapa aynup kat hadus - uka ,nakanekuk gnay naiakap gnasapes nad nadab niales igal apa

adapek nohomem nigni - apmas ualaK .ilak rihkaret kutnu uM irah kose tibret irahataM ignE ukaod naklubagnem aguj kat uak ,alup ilak rihkret gnay kutnu nupma nohom uka ,

naklaggninem naka uka uti haletes babes - ( ”.uM otnanarP :2002 , 84 - .)94 “ id laggnit gnay niksim kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihkaret aod halutI

utunem ai uti haletes.anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapmA atok nariggnip hamur utnip paynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynem nad aynicnugnem ,aynlaggnit tapmet gnay hamur

nalubreb halet - aynadap awes gnau nakaggnut higanem nalub ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)94

isakinumok anaras nakapurem asahab awhab nakkujnunem sata id napituK

ahaB .hokot nakiapmaynem kutnu gnaragnep nakanugid gnay aguj as apais .aynhokot

guj nakanugid gnay asahab iraD sos takgnit ialinem tapad atik a nahiliP .gnaroeses lai


47

aynhokot awhab nakkujnunem ini neprec malad nakanugid gnay magar nad atak

kana halnakub - naknialem kana .asawed hadus

3.2.4 rulA nad hokoT

gnilas ,natiakreb gnilas gnay rusnu aud nakapurem rula nad hokoT

gnay awitsirep nalaj halada rulA .nial amas utas gnutnagret gnilas nad ,ihuragnepmem

tirec rihka aggnih atirec lawa iraD .atirec malad hokot helo imalaid hokot ,ini neprec a

.awitsirep iagabreb imalagnem aresnoM aH .ujam karegreb ini neprec rulA ini l

ikip alop adap huragnepreb napahat imalagnem hokoT .hokot retkarak nad r - napahat

awitsirep , bmekreb idajnem hokot ayntukireb awitsirep ek amatrep awitsirep irad gna

.aynrikip alop habureb nad

nuhatreb ,nahuT aY“ - adap aodreb uka nuhat - naksapel uaK raga nohomem ,uM iapmas aynatayn ipat ,uknapudihek tarejnem amal naikes gnay naniksimek irad uka

aggnagnem uka aggnih ,niksim habmatreb nakhab nad niksim patet uka inik awhab p uka ini taas aneraK .aynnaklubagnem igalapa ,ukaod ragnednem hanrep kat uakgnE

apa aynup kat hadus - uka ,nakanekuk gnay naiakap gnasapes nad nadab niales igal apaadapek nohomem nigni - irah kose tibret irahataM iapmas ualaK .ilak rihkaret kutnu uM

nE ,alup ilak rihkret gnay kutnu nupma nohom uka ,ukaod naklubagnem aguj kat uakagnaklaggninem naka uka uti haletes babes - ( ”.uM otnanarP :2002 , 84 - .)94

tikideS .napmem kat ilakes amas nahuT adap aynnamacna asarem ai ini ilaK“d idajret nahaburep ada kadit nup amaL .aynirid mala - nagnaj ,rikipreb aresnoM amal -

ulud hibel nad haram nahuT ulud amatrep gnay aynnamacna nagned nagnaj ini amales aynamiretid gnay tazijkum alages ,utigeb gnamem ualaK .aynnaklaggninem

airebmep naknialem ,nahuT irad hareguna nakub idaj saib ”.nates n !nates ,iaH“ ,atakreb nup aresnom akaM“ nagned uka askis uak nagnaJ

aisunam itrepes uka nakilabmeK .atirednem uktaubmem urtsuj gnay umnairebmep ”!nahuT adap idbagnem ilabmek naka uka ,aynnakukalem uam kadit uak ualaK !asaib

( otnanarP :2002 , .)55

nakapurem sata id napituK .nakhasipid tapad kadit gnamem rula nad hokoT

nalaggnep - gnay aoD“ neprec malad hokot imalaid gnay awitsirep nalaggnep


57

naigab nakapurem audek nad amatrep gnay awitsireP .”macnagneM nad ,atirec rula

t uti awitsirep alaid nad idajre .hokot helo im apnat idajret naka kadit audek awitsireP

.amatrep awitsirep alop nahaburep aynada nakkujnunem tubesret napituK ikip nad r

.hokot retkarak

4.2.4 hokoT nad ameT

rusnu nahurulesek takignem aggnihes ,atirec rasad nakapurem ameT - atirec rusnu

y sid ameT .hokot kusamret ,nial gna silpmi araces gnaragnep nakiapma hokoT .ti

aynkadneh acabmeP .amet nakiapmaynem kutnu tala iagabes gnaragnep nakanugid

takgnaid gnay ameT .atirec amet nakumenem tapad raga atirec nahulesek acabmem

eprec helo gneM gnay aoD“ n b gnaruK‘ halada ”macna .’nahuT adapek rukuysre

kadit asarem ayntaubmem ikilim ai gnay apa irukuysnem tapad kadit gnay aresnoM

.ayak gnaro idajnem ai iksem aigahab ,amet nad hokot nagnubuh iuhategnem kutnU

awitsirep irad sapel asib kadit - aid gnay awitsirep hokot ,atirec lawa adaP .hokot imal

kat numan aodreb nagned aynpudih haburem nigni gnay niksim kududnep halada

.aynaod malad id nahuT macnagnem kutnu rikifreb hokot ulaL .ayak idajnem gnujnuk

rad nad ulal asam tahilem kutnu nataukek helorepmem ulal aresnoM ,uti naupmamek i

nad iukagnem uam kadit ai ,aynulal asam tahilem ai taaS .ayak idajnem asib ai

aresnoM .gnalih aynnataukek naknignignem ulal aresnoM .aynulal asam amirenem

aynnakub numaN .aynaod malad nahuT macnagnem ilabmek nad aodreb ilabmek

rtsuj gnalih uti taaS .naped asam ek tahilem upmam nad habmatreb aynnataukek u

.aynaod naklubagnem halet gnay aynranebes gnay hakapais rikifreb aresnoM


67

idajnem ai aggnih niksim pudih ai taas ialum aresnom imalaid gnay awitsireP

nad aynnaayakek nagned nasob ulal ayak iraD .anahredes pudih ilabmek nigni

aynrikip alop ,aresnoM retkarak anamiagab ialinem tapad atik ,tubesret awitsirep

.amet nagned tubes atik gnay nalupmisek haubes kiratid tapad aggnihes

T adapek igal nohomem nad nahatreb tauk kat aresnoM aynrihka iapmaS“ .nahu ,nahuT ,ay ,hapmilem gnay ikezer ukirebmem halet uakgnE rukuysreb huggnus ukA“ nakilabmek nad ,ulal asam tahilem uknailhaek irad uka naksabeb gnolot gnarakes ipat

”.asaib aisunam iagabes uka suret aresnoM nalubes ,uggnimes ,irah aud ,irahes haleteS“ ,aodreb nad aodreb

halpacuet nad rabas kat ialum aI .gnalihgnem gnujnuk kat aynlarutanarpus naupmamek .aynnakukalid hanrep ulud gnay itrepes namacna naklubagnem aguj kat uaK ualaK“

naklaggninem areges naka uka ,nahuT ,ay ,ukaod - ”.uM “ cna asarem ai ini ilaK tikideS .napmem kat ilakes amas nahuT adap aynnama

amaL .aynirid malad idajret nahaburep ada kadit nup - nagnaj ,rikipreb aresnoM amal - amatrep gnay aynnamacna nagned nagnaj ulud hibel nad haram nahuT ulud

tazijkum alages ,utigeb gnamem ualaK .aynnaklaggninem ini amales aynamiretid gnay.nates nairebmep naknialem ,nahuT irad hareguna nakub idaj saib ”

“ !nates ,iaH“ ,atakreb nup aresnoM akaM nagned uka askis uak nagnaJ aisunam itrepes uka nakilabmeK .atirednem uktaubmem urtsuj gnay umnairebmep

t uak ualaK !asaib ”!nahuT adap idbagnem ilabmek naka uka ,aynnakukalem uam kadi( otnanarP :2002 , .)55

nakapurem ini napituK .naklupmis atik tapad atirec amet ini napituk adaP

ilk ,skamilk tapad skam .amet aynnakumetid icnuk idajnem nakumetid tapad ini ameT

m acabmep haletes .atirec hokot adap idajret gnay apa iuhategne

5.2.4 rulA nad ameT

nalaj iuhategnem haleteS .rula irad isamrofni nakulremem amet narisfaneP

aynnakumetid icnuk nakapurem skamilK .atirec amet nakrisfanem tapad atik atirec

.atirec amet ahat nakapurem rulA nap - irad aresnoM imalaid gnay awitsirep napahat


77

adapek aodreb naidumek ayak idajnem nigni ulal naniksimek malad pudih ai taas lawa

ai naidumek aggnihes nataukek irebid ulal aresnoM .macnagnem sugilakes nahuT

al asam iukagnem uam kadit aresnoM .ayak idajnem nikames idajnem aresnoM .aynul

.anahredes pudih nigni ai aggnihes aynnaayakek nagned hunej numan ayak kutnU

uh tahilem tahilem nagned hotnoc libmagnem tapad atik ,amet nagned rula nagnub

awitsirep - ni tukireb napituk adap itrepes hokot imalaid gnay awitsirep .i


dnem hanrep kat uakgnE uka ini taas aneraK .aynnaklubagnem igalapa ,ukaod ragneapa aynup kat hadus - uka ,nakanekuk gnay naiakap gnasapes nad nadab niales igal apa

adapek nohomem nigni - irah kose tibret irahataM iapmas ualaK .ilak rihkaret kutnu uMaod naklubagnem aguj kat uakagnE ,alup ilak rihkret gnay kutnu nupma nohom uka ,uk

naklaggninem naka uka uti haletes babes - ( ”.uM otnanarP :2002 , 84 - .)94 atujreb gnau apureb nalabmi gnupmanem nahalawek aresnoM - same ,atuj

olikreb - tarakreb nailreb nupuam olik - pmes kat iridnes ai iapmas ,tarak ,gnutihgnem ta naktapmeynem nad halel tagnas asarem ai taas utaus iapmaS .aynitamkinem igalapa .nimrec id aynhajaw patanem nad ,lefatsaw id akum husabmem ,taases taharitsi irid

nasalik lucnum naidumek amal kaT .nugetret nup aresnoM - naidajek nasalikiagabes …gnaroeses hajaw patanem ai paites idajret ulales anam

asarem gnay hitel hajawreb ayar ayak ikalel gnaroes halai kapman gnay ini ilaK aynhamur irad iral nad ajahasreb taykar iagabes ramaynem ,aynnayakek nagned nasob

opmolekeS .iynus malam hagnet id iridnes nakgnodonem ,ayntagecnem tahajnep kikal hubut ek akerem atajnes - ( ”.sarek aynkidrahgnem nad ini ikal otnanarP :2002 , .)75

isidnoK .adebreb gnay isidnok aud nakkujnunem tubesret awitsirep napituk auD

nay nakgnadeS .niksim gnay napudihek halada amatrep gnay pudih halada audek g

aynpudih asarem gnay aresnoM ayar ayak haletes aynaniksimek anerak arasgnes

,tubesret awitsirep nalaggnep iraD .aigahab asarem kadit ai ataynret ayak idajnem

amet haubes naklupmisid tapad rukuysreB kadiT“ uata ”nahuT nakugareM“ utiay

k ”nahuT adape


87

6.2.4 amA nad ameT tan

amet haubes iraD .tanama irad royam kutneb nakapurem takgnaid gnay ameT

ini neprec ameT .tanama aparebeb pakgnanem tapad atik ‘ halada b gnaruK rukuysre

’nahuT adapek . ler amet nakapurem ini neprec ameT gnatnet utiay suigi teK .nahu

amatrep gnay tanamA .kitep atik tapad gnay tanama aud ada ini amet nakrasadreB

aresnoM nanalajrep irad tahilid tapad ini laH .nahuT adapek rukuysreb gnatnet halada

numan ulal asam tahilem kutnu naupmamek iaynupmem aI .ayak pudih nigni gnay taas

i ai gnay naupmameK .ayniukagnem uam kadit ai ,iridnes aynulal asam tahilem a

adit gnay asaR .nakgnalih ai nigni ayak ai nakidajnem hadus gnay ikilim saup hanrep k

reb uam kadit nad ikilimem ai nupualaw atirednem patet aynpudih taubmem rukuys

.aynalages tanamA atirednem pudih gnay aresnoM hasik irad nimrecreB ,audek gnay

rak e aynaniksimek an ai ayak idajnem ai taasid numan aigahab asarem kadit nup

tanama kitep atik tapad sata id lah iraD .anahredes pudih nigni nad nasob ai nakhab

b ih nimajnem kadit naayakek awha .aigahab atik pud


uakgnE uka ini taas aneraK .aynnaklubagnem igalapa ,ukaod ragnednem hanrep katapa aynup kat hadus - uka ,nakanekuk gnay naiakap gnasapes nad nadab niales igal apa

adapek nohomem nigni - irah kose tibret irahataM iapmas ualaK .ilak rihkaret kutnu uMaguj kat uakagnE ,alup ilak rihkret gnay kutnu nupma nohom uka ,ukaod naklubagnem

naklaggninem naka uka uti haletes babes - ”.uM tikideS .napmem kat ilakes amas nahuT adap aynnamacna asarem ai ini ilaK“

amlaL .aynirid malad idajret nahaburep ada kadit nup - ipreb aresnoM amal nagnaj ,rik - ulud hibel nad haram nahuT ulud amatrep gnay aynnamacna nagned nagnaj ini amales aynamiretid gnay tazijkum alages ,utigeb gnamem ualaK .aynnaklaggninem

”.nates nairebmep naknialem ,nahuT irad hareguna nakub idaj saib “ ,atakreb nup aresnoM akaM !nates ,iaH umnairebmep nagned uka askis uak nagnaJ

uak ualaK !asaib aisunam itrepes uka nakilabmeK .atirednem uktaubmem urtsuj gnay


97

( ”!nahuT adap idbagnem ilabmek naka uka ,aynnakukalem uam kadit ,otnanarP :2002 .)55

nakkujnunem sata id napituK okot awhab .nahut naasaukek nakugarem h

rukuysreb asib kadit hokot awhab nakkujnunem ini hawab id napituk nakgnadeS

napituk iraD .ikilim ai gnay apa nagned - .atirec tanama kitepid tapad ini napituk

“ d laggnit gnay niksim kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihkaret aod halutI i

.anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapmA atok nariggnip S hamur utnip putunem ai uti halete gnay hamur aynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynem nad aynicnugnem ,aynlaggnit tapmet

nalubreb halet - aynadap awes gnau nakaggnut higanem nalub ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , 84 - .)94 “ i ilaK gnay hitel hajawreb ayar ayak ikalel gnaroes halai kapman gnay in

irad iral nad ajahasreb taykar iagabes ramaynem ,aynnayakek nagned nasob asarem ,ayntagecnem tahajnep kopmolekeS .iynus malam hagnet id iridnes aynhamur

l hubut ek akerem atajnes nakgnodonem ika - sarek aynkidrahgnem nad ini ikal ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)75

napituK - gnay isidnok aud tahilem tapad atik itamrec atik akij sata id napituk

nakgnades ,naniksimek halada amatrep gnay isidnoK .hokot imalaid gnay adebreb

.ayar ayak halada audek gnay isidnok aN awhab tahilret ini isidnok audek irad num

aresnoM awhab tahilret aguj sata id napituk adaP .aigahab asarem kadit aresnoM

napituk iraD .nahuT nakugarem - atirec amet nakumenem tapad atik ini napituk

.gnaragnep nakiapmasid gnay tanama sugilakes

7.2.4 rataL rulA nad

padahret huragnepreb gnusgnal kadit nupuata gnusgnal araces ,rula nad rataL

ratal ,tapmet ratal utiay ,ratal agit iaynupmem ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ nepreC .atirec

napahat malaD .laisos ratal nad ,utkaw - helo ihuragnepid idajret gnay awitsirep napahat


08

natiakreteK .awitsirep aynidajret itukignem gnay laisos isidnok nad ,utkaw ,tapmet

.gnitnep tagnas rula nad ratal ,tilus gnay aresnoM napudihek nakatirecnem hasik lawA

nariggnip id humuk gnay tapmet haubes id nakrabmagid rataL .atirednem nad ,niksim

.atok aresnoM nad malek gnay malam anasaus nakrabmaggnem utkaw rataL

.gnabmekreb nad ujam karegreb naidumek rulA .igap ayngnatad nakparahgnem

.ayar ayak gnay gnaroes idajnem nakatirecid niksim aynpudih ulud gnay aresnoM

aggnit aid nakrabmagid aynnapudihek rataL ,laham nad hagem gnay litsak haubes id l

iakgnib naksaihreb ayngnidnid - .same otof iakgnib

id laggnit gnay niksim kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihkaret aod halutI“A atok nariggnip S .anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapm hamur utnip putunem ai uti halete

gnit tapmet gnay hamur aynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynem nad aynicnugnem ,aynlagnalubreb halet - ( ”.aynadap awes gnau nakaggnut higanem nalub otnanarP :2002 , 84 - .)94

id aynamasreb laggnit kutnu atok ek hadnip aynubi awabmem ulal aresnoM“mret nad hagemret litsak haubes naayakeK .aynilebid hadus gnay irapmA id laha

otof nad niak rabmeles isireb licek sat haubes amuC nusud irad awabid gnay aynubi - aynutnabmep arap atnimem nad uti aut niak rakabmem aresnoM .amal otof

aresnoM .itnaggnep iagabes aretus niak nanisul nakilebmem iakgnib alup ilebmem -otof gnasamem kutnu same iakgnib - ( ”.aynubi awabid gnay agraulek otof otnanarP ,

:2002 .)45 tuk malad idajret gnay awitsireP i nap - rula awhab itkub nakapurem sata id napituk

t rula ,awitsirep nakijaynem malaD .nagnubuhreb gnilas ratal nad naksapelem asib kadi

.idajret awitsirep anam id nad napak salejrepmem kutnu ratal narep rula aggniheS

.atirec rihka adap acabmep ratnagnem nalajreb tapad

8.2.4 aL ameT nad rat

witsirep malad tapadret gnay laisos isidnok nad utkaw ,tapmet nakapurem rataL a

aggnihes ,hokot rikipreb arac ihuragnepmem tapad rataL .atirec malad idajret gnay


18

nahilimep ihuragnepmem hilipid gnay ameT .amet nahilimep ihuragnepmem amet

atirec nagned iauses ini neprec ratal nad ameT .atirec gnukudnem tapad gnay ratal

asid nigni gnay .nakiapm niksim gnay napudihek halada atirec lawa adap rataL

.ayar ayak gnay napudihek nakrabmaggnem ratal naidumek gnay rula helo ihuragnepid

upmam hokot imalaid gnay ayak nad niksim napudihek nakrabmaggnem gnay rataL

tirec amet aggnihes atirec taukrepmem .acabid hadum hibel idajnem a tapad ini laH

aynnakartnok irad risuid nad naniksimek malad pudih aresnoM taas adap tahilid

.laham nad hagem litsak id laggnit nad ayar ayak idajnem ai naidumek numaN

.ayar ayak gnay aynnapudihek malad arasgnes patet aresnoM


ednem hanrep kat uakgnE uka ini taas aneraK .aynnaklubagnem igalapa ,ukaod ragnapa aynup kat hadus - uka ,nakanekuk gnay naiakap gnasapes nad nadab niales igal apa

adapek nohomem nigni - irah kose tibret irahataM iapmas ualaK .ilak rihkaret kutnu uMkaod naklubagnem aguj kat uakagnE ,alup ilak rihkret gnay kutnu nupma nohom uka ,u

naklaggninem naka uka uti haletes babes - ”.uM “ id laggnit gnay niksim kududnep gnaroes ,aresnoM rihkaret aod halutI

hamur utnip putunem ai uti haletes.anaylaK iregen atok ubi ,irapmA atok nariggnipit tapmet gnay hamur aynupme is adap icnuk nakhareynem nad aynicnugnem ,aynlaggn

nalubreb halet - aynadap awes gnau nakaggnut higanem nalub ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)94

id napituk nagned adebreb ,niksim gnay napudihek nakrabmaggnem sata id napituK

rabmaggnem gnay ini hawab .ayar ayak gnay napudihek nak

“ aresnoM ,nabalaS nahatniremep nad taykar igab itkabreb amal pukuc haleteS natnam arap iumenem halada aynnakukalid amatrep gnaY .ayniregen ek gnalup

klaggninem aresnoM uti haleteS .akerem gnatuip aumes rayabmem nad ,aggnatet na aynubi iumenem ,anaylaK iregen id niksimret nusud haubes ek igrep ,irapmA atoK

.ajas utigeb aynnaklaggnitid ini amales gnay ”


28

.hisreb nad kumeg gnay aresnoM ilanegnem kat sirayn atner nad aut gnay ubi iS nakhaB !ubi ,ayas aod naklubagnem aynrihka nahuT“ sabebret radekes irad hibel

!ayar ayak idaj gnarakes ayas ,naniksimek irad ” ( ,otnanarP :2002 .)35 id aynamasreb laggnit kutnu atok ek hadnip aynubi awabmem ulal aresnoM“

naayakeK .aynilebid hadus gnay irapmA id lahamret nad hagemret litsak haubesay aynubi otof nad niak rabmeles isireb licek sat haubes amuC nusud irad awabid gn -

aynutnabmep arap atnimem nad uti aut niak rakabmem aresnoM .amal otofiakgnib alup ilebmem aresnoM .itnaggnep iagabes aretus niak nanisul nakilebmem -

otof gnasamem kutnu same iakgnib -f ( ”.aynubi awabid gnay agraulek oto otnanarP ,:2002 .)45 “ gnay hitel hajawreb ayar ayak ikalel gnaroes halai kapman gnay ini ilaK

irad iral nad ajahasreb taykar iagabes ramaynem ,aynnayakek nagned nasob asaremmolekeS .iynus malam hagnet id iridnes aynhamur ,ayntagecnem tahajnep kop

ikal hubut ek akerem atajnes nakgnodonem - sarek aynkidrahgnem nad ini ikal ”. ( otnanarP :2002 , .)75

K napitu - napituk utiay ,adebreb gnay ratal aud ada nakkujnunem sata id

iaynupmem ini ratal audeK .ayar ayak nad naniksimek huragnep neprec amet padahret

“ macnagneM gnay aoD ” b gnaruK‘ utiay ’nahuT adapek rukuysre nigni gnay aresnoM .

ayak idajnem k ayak idajnem ai haletes aigahab kadit numan ,niksim pudih halel anera

napituk helo nakkujutid - .sata id napituk

nepreC sineJ 3.4

“ nepreC aoD macnagneM gnay neprec sinej kusamret otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”

id idajret gnades gnay nahalasamrep uata amet rusnu naknakenem ini nepreC .sitamet

nial gnay neprec rusnu nakgnidnabid tauk hibel ini neprec amet rusnU .atirec malad

mrep naknakenem nad nay nahalasa .hokot is ipadahid g


38

4.4 macnagneM gnay aoD malad kiteneG emsilarutkurtS

1.4.4 : ainuD nagnadnaP “ macnagneM gnay aoD ”

isautis nagned fitkelok kejbus iskaretni kudorp nakapurem ainud nagnadnaP

.aynratikes ajas utigeb lucnum gnay utauses halnakub naaisunamek atkaF naknialem

adareb ulales ratikes nagnukgnil nad aisunaM .kejbus iagabes aisunam sativitka lisah

labmit isarutkurts sesorp malad - ,isignem gnilas sugilakes ipat nagnatnetreb gnay kilab

il nakisalimisagnem ahasureb ulales aisunaM .isadomoka nad isalimisa utiay nagnukgn

ulales kadit uti ahasu nial kahip iD .aynnakadnit nad narikip ameks malad ek ratikes

isalimisagnem kadit aisunam ini lah malaD .nagnatnir iagabreb aynada anerak lisahreb

malad ek aynirid nakisadomokagnem naknialem aynirid padahret nagnukgnil

kgnil iagabes artsas ayrak haluti isadomoka nad isalimisa sesorp malaD .tubesret nagnu

siseneg nakapurem sugilakes tubesret sesorP .aynitra helorepmem naaisunamek atkaf

.artsas ayrak rutkurts irad asaitnanes gnay laisos ainud irad kudorp nakapurem artsaS

habureb - iagabes ,ankamreb gnay simanid nautasek nakapurem artsas ayrak ,habu

ialin nadujuwrep - awitsirep nad ialin - .awitsirep

ainud kudorp nakapurem ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ nepreC sos anerak ,lai

.gnaragnep gnaroes isadomoka nad isalimisa sesorp lisah nakapurem gabeS anamia

nalaosrep nad atsemes mala gnatnet aracibreb artsas ayrak - ,aynmalad id nalaosrep

nalaosrep nahacemep iracnem kutnu aisunam ahasu nakapurem aguj artsas ayrak -

nalaosrep utaus takgnagnem ,)otnanarP rujuJ( gnaragnep ini lah malaD .uti nalaosrep

gnatnet ,utnetret laisos takaraysam napudihek nahacemep kutnu isulos iracnem

,idajret gnay nalaosrep nakpakgnu ai naidumek neprec haubus malad otnanarP rujuJ .


48

hokot atsemes nakatpicnem - kejbo ,hokot - tapad gnay renijami gnay ,kejbo

y ainud nagnadnap nakiserpskegnem .ikilim ai gna

nalaosreP amet halada aynayrak malad rujuj takgnaid gnires gnay - laisos amet

tanama tapadret aynmalad id gnay - iaynupmem atirec paites malaD .utnetret tanama

adebreb gnay tanama - kutnu acabmep igab taafnamreb tapad aynitnan gnay adeb

skepsortni rujuJ .takaraysam isautis padahret asar naakepek hasagnem nupuam irid i

nasep nakawabmem malad iawaip itkubret nup - malad ek larom nasep .aynayrak

utaus naklubminem gnaragnep nagnukgnil id idajret gnay naniksimek nalaosreP

alaosreP .takaraysam id nalaosrep gnay utauses iagabes gnaragnep helo gnadnapid uti n

.aynitah nagned iauses kadit naksilunem gnaragnep uti nalaosrep nahacemep iagabeS

awhab tahilem gnaragnep ini neprec adaP .artsas ayrak malad ek aynnagnunerep lisah

araysam taubmem idajret gnay naniksimek .aynpudih natujnalek naka haser tak

epmeM r napudihek gnadnameM .akerem bisan gnolonem haknaka nahuT nakaynat

gnaro - aumeS .niksim gnay akerem pudih nakgnidnabid aigahab uti ayak gnay gnaro

.ini neprec acabmem haletes nabawaj tapadnem uti nalaosrep

2.4.4 meK atkaF ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ naaisuna

.aynkejbus iagabes aisunam satifitka irad lisah nakapurem naisunamek atkaF

atkaf tapadret aynmalad id gnay takaraysam utaus irad naigab nakapurem gnaragneP

naaisunamek l nagned iskaretnireb gnaragnep fitkelok kejbus iagabeS . nagnukgni

helorepmem gnaragnep ,aynratikes ainud nagned iskaretni sesorp malaD .aynratikes

.ainud nagnadnap nakrihalem gnay idajret gnay isautis naka naaradasek gnaragneP


58

gnay tapadnep anamiagabes renijami araces aynainud nagnadnap nakiserpkegnem

kakumekid na artsas ayrak ianegnem nnamdloG “P sas ayrak awhab ,amatre t ar

aynahasu awhab ,audeK .renijami araces ainud nagnadnap iserpske nakapurem

ainud nagnadnap nakiserpskegem uti hokot atsemes nakatpicnem gnaragnep - ,hokot

kejbo - aler nad ,kejbo is - renijami isaler :4991 ,kuraF( )71 .

”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad naklucnumid gnay naaisunamek atkaF

.niksim gnay napudihek haubes halada ,laggnit tapmet ikilimem igal kat gnay aresnoM

aynnadab id lepmenem gnay naiakap ikilimem aynah aI .agraheb gnarab nupuata ,atrah

es .aynnakartnok hamur irad risuid halet nakub aresnoM helo imalaid gnay naniksimeK

.aynnami sikignem aguj uti naniksimeK .arasgnes ayntaubmem aynah gnay aresnoM

ai nupikseM .habureb aynpudih raga aodreb ulales aynnaniksimek irad sabebret nigni

numan ,aodreb sata rukuysreb iadnap kat aI .aynnarabaskaditek anerak rutnul aynnami

.aynadap nakireb nahuT gnay apa

halkadit ini neprec ayadub ratal nad ,harajes ratal ,awitsirep gnakaleb rataL

ec ipukgnilem gnay isidnok liated araces nakatirecnem kadit gnaragneP .salej .ini nepr

k ,numaN akumet atik tapad nikgnum ini neprec malad tapadret gnay laisos isidno id n

irahes atik napudihek - gnaro iumet atik kaynab nikgnum raseb atok iD .irah - gnay gnaro

atok nariggnip id laggnit nad hamur aynup kadit uj ini laisos isidnok nikgnuM . gnay ag

.aynratikes nagnukgnil id tahil ai gnay apa irad gnaragnep nakiapmasid nigni


68

4.4 3. namahameP - nasalejneP

uata naamasrep iaynupmem takaraysam rutkurts nad artsas ayrak rutkurtS

ysam isautis nad nanimrec nakapurem artsas ayrak anerak ,napirimek .takara malad iD

nad gnadnap tudus ,tanama ,amet ,rula ,hokot ,ratal rusnu gnudnagnem artsas rutkurts

rusnu ilikawem tapad gnay isautis nakrabmaggnem gnaragneP .asahab - tubesret rusnu

ad ada gnay takaraysam isautis nagned iauses gnay aynnaatirecnep malad id mal

.aynainud nagnadnap

,aresnoM .niksim tagnas gnay laisos naadaek naklipmanem ini neprec rataL

uam kadit aI .uti niksim takaraysam irad atoggna nakapurem ,ini neprec amatu hokot

autis irad raulek nigni nad naniksimek malad pudih gnay aynnaadaek amirenem .uti is

gnay irah malam anasaus nakrabmaggnem kaynab nakanugid gnay utkaw rataL

gnay utkaw ratal ,irah malam nialeS .nahasusek nad namarusek naklobmiynem

.naaigahabek nad ,naparah ,urab irah naklobmiynem gnay irah igap halada nakanugid

s gnay pudih naadaeK haburem nigni neprec malad hokot taubmem niksim tagna

itnanem nad aodreb ai irah paiteS .habureb tapad aynpudih raga aodreb aI .aynpudih

nad katnoreb ai ,aod aynlubakret naka naitnanep gnuju iD .lubakret naka aynaod

mam sitamard gnay rataL .nahuT macnagnem id itrepes hokot retkarak naktaugnem up

aisunam nagnubuh anamiagab nakkujnunem nigni gnay silunep naujut ,aggniheS .sata

.atpicret tapad nahuT nagned

akam ,itama nad tahil ai gnay apa irad atirec edi isaripsni helorepmem rujuJ

nup aynnaatirecnep ayag malad napudihek nagned taked gnay rataL .sitsilaer tagnas


78

atirec rihka id kinu patet ipat anahredes gnay atirec rula nagned habmatid takaraysam

.atirec isi imahamem hadum acabmep taubmem

sahk iric idajnem aynkapman anahredes gnay asahab nagned nasilunep ayaG

J halada nakanugid gnay asahab tahilem tapad atik aynayrak paites malad anerak ,ruju

nakiapmaynem upmam patet numan ,imahapid hadum nad anahredes gnay asahab

nasep - aguj atirec hokot nakanugid gnay napakacreP .kiab nagned larom nasep

s gnay asahab nakanuggnem acabmep imahapid tapad aynasahab aggniheS .anahrede

.rumu alages irad

atirec rihka id nad ,ujam rula halada aynayrak malad rujuJ nakanugid gnay rulA

atilaer nakapurem nakijasid gnay atireC .aynacabmep igab natujek irebmem ulales

ysam imalaid gnay napudihek ,anahredes aynatirec nupikseM .aynmumu adap takara

.sulah nad kiab tagnas nagned larom nasep nakkusamem upmam rujuJ numan

hasagnem nad ,urab narikimep ikilimem ,irid iskepsortni kutnu kajaid haloes acabmeP

.aynikilimid gnay asar naakepek

gnires gnay ameT amet halada aynayrak malad rujuj takgnaid - gnay laisos amet

tanama tapadret aynmalad id - tanama iaynupmem atirec paites malaD .utnetret tanama

adebreb gnay - iskepsortni kutnu acabmep igab taafnamreb tapad aynitnan gnay adeb

asar naakepek hasagnem nupuam irid itkubret nup rujuJ .takaraysam isautis padahret

nasep nakawabmem malad iawaip - malad ek larom nasep .artsas ayrak

ialin halada ini neprec malad gnaragnep nakiapmasid nigni gnay ialiN

klaggninem helob kat atik aynsurah nupilakes tilus isidok malaD .nanahutek .nahuT na

asib kat akij aigahab asarem atik taubmem naka kadit ikilim atik gnay nup apA


88

nakugarem ,hareynem hadum gnay gnaro hotnoc halada aresnoM .rukuysreb

.ikilim ai gnay apa sata rukuysreb asib kat nad ,aynnahuT


98

V BAB

isatnemelpmI C M gnay aoD“ nepre ”macnagne J ayraK malad otnanarP ruju

X saleK AMS id PPR nad subaliS kutneB II I retsemeS ,

gnay aoD“ neprec isatnemelpmi gnatnet ispirksed isireb ini bab adaP

PPR nad subalis kutneb malad otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM X salek AMS id II ,

.I retsemes

subaliS 1.5

ek rasad isnetepmok nad isnetepmok radnats narabajnep nakapurem subaliS

naiapacnep rotakidni nad ,narajebmep nataigek ,narajalebmep kokop iretam malad

pmok aparebeb irad iridret subaliS .naialinep kutnu isnetepmok radnats ;utiay ,neno

,rasad isnetepmok ,isnetepmok kidni ,rota nataigek ,narajalebmep kokop iretam

naanaskalep malaD .rajaleb rebmus nad ,utkaw isakola ,naialinep ,narajalebmep

nahab nakpaisrepmem malad urug sagut nakapurem subalis nanusuynep ,PSTK

nacnerep tapad awsis nakparahgnem tapet gnay naanacnereP .narajalebmep naa

naiapacnep akgnar malad lamitpo araces narajalebmep nataigek nakanaskalem

subalis naklisahgnem ini naitilenep dujuW .kokop iretam nad rasad isnetepmok

.artsas isaiserpa narajalebmep


09

neR 2.5 )PPR( narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anac

nagnacnar kutneb nakapurem )PPR( narajalebmep naanaskalep anacneR

id narajalebmep nataigek gnajnunem kutnu urug nakukalid naka gnay narajalebmep

nakanaskalem tapad awsis nakparahgnem tapet gnay naanacnereP .salek nataigek

.aynrasad isnetepmok naiapacnep akgnar malad lamitpo araces narajalebmep malaD

nenopmok taumem PPR - naanaskalep anacner satitnedi )1 ;tukireb iagabes nenopmok

)5 ,okop iretam )4 ,rasad isnetepmok )3 ,isnetepmok radnats )2 ,narajalebmep

mep nataigek rebmus )9 nad ,utkaw isakola )8 ,naialinep )7 ,rotakidni )6 ,narajaleb

narajalebmep naanaskalep anacner aynnususret halada ini naitilenep dujuW .rajaleb

as isaiserpa )PPR( X salek AMS id arts II .I retsemes ,


19

SUBALIS

halokeS AMS : narajaleP ataM aisenodnI asahaB :

retsemeS / saleK X : II )utas( 1 / isnetepmoK radnatS acabmeM :

.1 neprec nad isiup artsas anacaw imahameM

rasaD isnetepmoK iretaMnarajalebmeP

narajalebmeP nataigeK rotakidnI naialineP isakolAW utka

/ nahAB rebmuStalA

kinkeT kutneBnemurtsnI

hotnoCnemurtsnI

.1 naksalejneM kisnirtni rusnu

neprec

.neprec haksaN kisnirtni rusnU

,amet( neprec nad ,nahokonep

.)tanama

.1 sket acabmeM.neprec

.2 isakifitnedigneM kisnirtni rusnu

,amet( neprecnahokonep nad ,

.)tanama .3 rusnu naktiagneM

neprec kisnirtni ,nahokonep ,amet(

nagned )tanama nadirahes napudihek -

.irah

.1 upmam awsiS nakatirecnemem

isi ilabmekneprec

.2 upmam awsiS nakumenem

rusnu - rusnuneprec kisnirtni .

saguTudividni

saguTopmolek k

ajrek kujnU naiaru

naiarUsabeb

nabawaJtakgnis

54 x 2 nalupmuk ukuBneprec

iskif iroet ukuB / assam aideM

tenretni


29

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER

S nakididneP nauta namelS kopeD 1 N AMS :

narajaleP ataM aisenodnI asahaB :

retsemes/saleK IX : I I /

utkaw isakolA : 2 tinem 54 x

.I radnatS isnetepmok :

kepsA acabmem

1 . artsas anacaw imahameM nad isiup neprec

.II K rasad isnetepmo :

1 .2. tni rusnu naksalejnem .neprec kisni

.III rotakidnI :

upmam awsiS .neprec isi ilabmek nakatirecnem

rusnu nakumenem upmam awsiS - kisnirtni rusnu neprec .

.VI narajalebmep naujuT :

tapad awsiS neprec isi ilabmek nakatirecnem

awsiS tapad akumenem rusnu n - neprec kisnirtni rusnu

.V raja iretaM

rusnU - artsaS kisnirtnI rusnu

.1 hokoT

arbA turuneM :5991 ,orotnayigruN iulalem( sm gnaro halada atirec hokot )561 -

acabmep helo gnay ,amard uata fitaran ayrak utaus malad naklipmatid gnay gnaro

lauk ikilimem nakrisfatid dnecek nad larom sati e gnay itrepes utnetret nagnur

pa nad napacu malad nakiserpskeid malad nakukalid gnay a ituyaS turuneM .nakadnit

:0002( gnaroeS .skelpmok gnay nagnubuh iaynupmem aisunam nad iskif hokot )96

dumek , aisunam takikah imahamem surah gnaragnep aynnatamagnep nakrasadreb nai

hokot nakisanijamignem ai - gnay iskif hokot ekilefil )pudih itrepes( . nakgnadeS


39

hokoT .hokot artic naatpicnep nad hokot naijaynep halada nahokonep - ulrep hokot

iric nakrabmagid - ynkataw raga aynnitab pakis atres tafis ,rihal iric anekid aguj a helo l

:8891 ,namijduS( acabmep .)32

iskif atirec malad hokot sineJ

iskif hokot ,atirec nahurulesek malad natabilretek iges irad tahilid hokoT

larehpirep hokot nad amatu hokot uata lartnes hokot inkay ,aud idajnem nakadebid

habmat hokot uata naigab libmagnem gnay hokot nakapurem lartnes hokoT .na

agit nagned nakutnetid tapad lartnes hokoT .atirec malad awitsirep malad rasebret

hokot ,audeK .amet uata ankam nagned tabilret gnilap gnay hokot ,amatreP .arac

t nagned nagnubuhreb kaynab gnilap gnay gnilap gnay hokot ,agiteK .nial hoko

tikides gnay hokot halada larefirep hokoT .naatirecnep utkaw nakulremem kaynab

hokot naadarebek gnukudnem aynnaridahek numan ,atirec malad aynnaridahek

.lartnes

iges inkay ,retkarak/kataw iges irad tahilid hokoT - ay iges adap ucagnem gn

udividni kutnebmem gnay larom nad ,isome ,nanigniek ,tanim aratna naruabrep

,anahredes hokot aynada lanekid uti kutnU .hokot elpmis uata , sretcarahc talf nad

,skelpmok hokot xelpmoc uata , sretcarahc dnuor hokot halada anahredes hokoT .

gnay utas naklojnotid aynah nad aisunam satilanosrep nahutuek ilikawem gnaruk

hadus gnay hokot epit aumes halada anahredes hokot kusamret gnaY .ajas aynisis

gnay hokot halada talub hokoT .iskif malad pitoerets gnay uata ,railimaf hadus ,asaib

irad tahilid tapad .aynnapudihek isis aumes

.2 ameT

nakapurem ameT .atirec rasad uata ,lartnes nasagag ,atirec ankam halada ameT

lem nad malad nakgnaujrepid kadneh gnay utauses inkay ,lartnes nasagag ayrak iula

:0002 ,ituyaS( iskif tes nakumet atik tapad atirec utaus ameT .)781 acabmem hale

.nahurulesek araces uti atirec :5991( orotnayigruN turuneM d amet )77 tapa

agit idajnem nakirogetakid nagnologgnep takgnit nakrasadreb :utiay ,nagnologgnep

nad ,yelpihS turunem awij namalagnep takgnit irad tahilid nagnologgnep ,simotokid


49

loggnep agit ianegnem naksalejid naka ,tukireB .aynnaamatuek takgnit irad nagno

.amet nagnologgnep

.a lanoisidartnoN nad lanoisidarT ameT

gnay amet adap kujnunem gnay amet iagabes nakduskamid lanoisidart ameT

uti“ - l halet ai naitra malad ,ajas ”uti ad nakanugrepid ama etid tapad n m malad naku

gnay atirec rihka nagned nakrabmagid lanoisidart ameT .amal atirec iagabreb

atirec haubes rihka nagned iadnatid aynasaiB .nakiabek nakmananem gnay ,aigahab

.nakiabek nagned halak itsap natahajek awhab

,lanoisidartnon amet nakgnadeS ,mizal kadit gnay utauses takgnagnem aynasaib

ameT .idajret asib uti lah nupiksem ,atirec utaus malad rajaw kadit gnay

tafisreb anerak ,acabmep naparah nagned iauses kadit gnamem lanoisidartnon

nem ,naklasegnem idaj helob nakhab ,naktujegnem ,sura nawalem uata ,nakaweceg

.aynnial fitkefa iskaer iagabreb naklubminem

.b yelpihS turunem ameT natakgniT

halasam uata ,mumu kipot ,anacaw kejbus iagabes amet nakitragnem yelpihS

malad artsas ayrak amet nakadebmem yelpihS .atirec malad nakgnautid gnay amatu

akgnit amil gnep takgnit nakrasadreb nat a .tukireb iagabes utiay ,awij namal

)1 )lukelom iagabes aisunam( kisiF takgniT ameT

nakujutid uata ucagnem kaynab hibel ini takgnit adap ini artsas ayrak ameT

m naknakenem hibel aI .naawijek adapirad kisif sativitka aynkaynab helo kisif satilibo

.natukgnasreb gnay atirec hokot naawijek kilfnok adapirad

)2 )amsalpotorp iagabes aisunam( kinagrO takgniT ameT

uata nad tukgnaynem kaynab ini kinagro takgnit adap artsas ayrak ameT

halasam nakhalasamrepmem - y sativitka uata ,satilauskes halasam tapad aynah gna

napudihek halasam halada aynamet aynlasiM .pudih kulhkam helo nakukalid

.gnapmiynem gnay satilauskes


59

)3 )laisos kulkam iagabes aisunam( laisoS takgniT ameT

iska tapmet nakapurem gnay ,takaraysamreb napudiheK - aisunam ayniskaretni

es nagned nial nad ,mala nagnukgnil nad amas - nairacnep kejbo idajnem gnay nial

.amet

)4 )udividni iagabes aisunam( kiogE takgniT ameT

kulkham iagabes aguj sugilakes aisunam ,laisos kulkham iagabes gnipmas iD

idni kah sata naukagnep ”tutnunem“ asaitnanes gnay udividni malaD .aynsatilaudiv

kaynab iaynupmem nup aisunam ,udividni kulkham iagabes aynnakududek

padahret aisunam iskaer dujuwreb gnay aynlasim ,kilfnok nad nahalasamrep

halasam - nial aratna uti satilaudividni halasaM .aynipadahid gnay laisos halasam

alasam apureb oge h ta ,irid agrah ,tabatram ,satisi ,aynnial aisunam utnetret pakis ua

.natukgnasreb gnay helo nakasarid nad nitab tafisreb hibel aynmumu adap gnay

)5 takgniT ameT eniviD

aisunam paites utnet muleb gnay ,iggnit gnay kulkham iagabes aisunaM

ata nad ,imalagnem halada ,ini takgnit malad lojnonem gnay halasaM .ayniapacnem u

iagabreb uata ,satisuigiler halasam ,atpicneP gnaS nagned aisunam nagnubuh halasam

.nanikayek nad ,isiv ,pudih nagnadnap itrepes aynnial sifosolif tafisreb gnay halasam

.c bmaT ameT nad amatU ameT naha

edi idajnem gnay ,atirec gnudnakid gnay ankam halada amatu ameT - rasad edi

ankam gnipmasid nad atirec isi nahurulesek irad - .atirec malad id nahabmat ankam

naigab adap tapadret gnay ankam halada nahabmat amet nakgnadeS - utnetret naigab

apad gnay ,atirec gabes isakifitnediid t a .nahabmat ankam uata ,naigab ankam i

.3 tanamA


:8891 ,namijduS( gnaragnep nalaj nakirebid atirec malad nahalasamrep akiJ .)75

aulek nalaj ,gnaragnep helo aynraulek S .tanama tubesid gnay haluti r tisilpske arace

awitsirep irad iuhatekid tapad uti tanama - irep atirec malad iaruret gnay awits


69

.4 rulA

awitsirep naiakgnar halada tolp uata rulA - nilaj gnay awitsirep - malad nilajnem

jam gnay alop nakapurem nad ,laropmet naiakgnar buh ikilimem nad kume nagnu

:0002 ,ituyaS( satilasuak .)03

.a rula rutkurtS

ini rutkurtS .rihka ,hagnet ,lawa ;naigab agit malad igabret rula rasak araceS

naigab malad ek igal icnirid tapad - .aynnial licek naigab atirec haubes lawa naigaB

nep lah aud gnudnagnem .satilibatsni nemele nad isisopske uata narapamep inkay ,gnit

.atirec imahamem kutnu nakulrepid gnay isamrofni nauhatirebmep halada isisopskE

naigab halada satilibatsni nemelE - nalibatskaditek aynada nakkujnunem gnay naigab

B .kilfnok aynada gnasgnarem gnay inkay ,naigab bus agit malad igabret hagnet naiga

malad lucnum gnay nahalasamrep halada kilfnoK .skamilk nad ,isakilpmok ,kilfnok

.)hokot( gnaroeses irid kilfnok ,amatreP .sinej agit idajnem nakadebid kilfnoK .atirec

kilfnok‘ aguj tubesid ini sinej kilfnoK hokot nagnaujrep apureb aynasaib ,’naawijek

,audeK .aynnakukalid naka gnay apa nakutnenem malad ,iridnes aynirid nawalem

tiak malad uata takaraysam nagned gnaroeses aratna kilfnoK .laisos kilfnok aynna

halasam nagned - sos halasam haimala kilfnok ,agiteK .lai aisunam aratna kilfnoK .

naktaafnamem nad iasaugnem tapad kadit hokot anerak lucnum gnay ,mala nagned

nakapurem isakilpmoK .aynitsem anamiagabes ratikes mala nakayadubmem atres

iapacnem karegreb gnay naalumrep kilfnok uata ,naalumrep kilfnok nagnabmekrep

k gnay ,isakilpmok iggnitret satisnetni kitit nakapurem skamilk nakgnadeS .skamil

alages irad iridret rihka naigaB .nakkaleret kat nad helorepid naka atirec lisah aynirad

ini naigaB .atirec lisah uata nahacemep ek ujunem skamilk irad lasareb gnay utauses

id .atirec malad halasam aynnakiaselesret nagned iadnat


79

.b rula hadiaK

hadiaK - :gnaragnep uata silunep nakanugid mumu gnay narulagnep hadiak

)1 )satilibisualP( nalakakusameK

uata ikilimid gnay nalakakusamek nakapurem ini natiak malad nalakakusameK

lad isatabid uti atirec alibapa laka kusam nakatakid atirec utauS .atirec helo nad ma

.iridnes uti atirec igab raneb inkay ,naranebek ikilimem

)2 )esirpruS( natujeK

natujeK .nakumejnem naka natujek naklubminem kadit gnay atirec haubeS

nufreb tapad atirec nahurulesek malad skamilk naiapacnep tabmalrepmem kutnu isg

halada natujek nad nalakakusameK .skamilk naiapacnep tapecrepmem halam uata

.atirec tolp nakhurulesek malad utas idajnem tapad numan ,adebreb gnay lah aud

)3 esnepsuS

nepsus naklubminem aynkadneh kiab gnay atirec rulA nautnetkaditek inkay ,es

padahret naparah emoctuo “ atirec utaus lisah ” naradasek naktabilem esnepsuS .

nanikgnumek padahret - nagned naanekreb gnay halasam aynlaedi nad nanikgnumek

idajnem acabmep alaktat gnabmekreb esnepsus atirec malaD .tubesret nanikgnumek

.isautis utaus malad alumreb gnay satilibisni utaus padahret radas

)4 )ytinU( nahutueK

lubmit aynasaib atirec tolp utaus nahutuek nagned naanekreb gnay halasaM

malad fitaler gnay iskif ayrak utaus tapadret levon haubes malad alibapA .gnajnap

aud ada ,tolpdus nagned tare tiakreb tolpbus ,amatreP .aynnagned natiakreb gnay lah

id tapad tolpbus gnudnagnem gnay ayrak nahutuek rasad ,audeK .aynamatu tolp

.hokot aynlasim ,tolp irad nial nemele utas halas malad nakumet

.c rula isgnuF

ukurts nahurulesek malad rula isgnuF anaras idajnem tapad neprec uata levon r

nakiserpskegnem kutnu gnitnep tagnas rulA .nahutuek nakatpicnem gnay gnitnepret

gnay ankam nupuam nataum tafisreb gnay ankam kiab ,iskif ayrak utaus ankam

isasinagrognem tapad gnaragnep rula iulaleM .natain tafisreb nahab nak - hatnem nahab


89

namalagnep - namalagnep ankam acabmep adapek uhatirebmem kutnu aynnamalagnep

.tubesret

.d rula sineJ

sineJ - :nial aratna,iges aparebeb irad tahilid rula sinej

rula utiay ,aud ada aynkutnebmep awitsirep nanusuynep iges irad tahilid rulA

rk uata sigolono fisergorp uata kilab toros rula nad kcab hsalf ,sigolonork rula malaD .

adap rihkareb aggnih skamilk nad isakilpmok ,isisopske irad ialumid atirec

uata nahacemep tnemuoned irad ialumid tapad atirec ,fiserger tolp malaD .turu araces

et kilfnok nad skamilk iapacnem ,isakilpmok nad isisopske itukiid naidumek ,utnetr

naigab irad ialumid alup tapad nad ;nahacemep ujunem - .nial gnay naigab

malaD .pututret rula nad akubret rula ada aynatirec rihka iges irad uajnitid rulA

rebmem gnaragnep ,pututret rula nakgnadeS .acabmep adapek atirec nalupmisek naki

nakraibid acabmep ,skamilk adap rihkareb atirec aynasaib gnay akubret rula

uata gnutnaggnem nakraibid aynatirec rihkA .aynnaiaseleynep iridnes nakutnenem

.agnagnem

la ada aynsatitnauk iges irad uajnitid rulA utauS .kamaj rula nad laggnut ru

uata ikilimem aynah tubesret atirec alibapa laggnut rulareb nakatakid atirec

atirec alibapa kamaj tolpreb nakatakid atirec nakagnadeS .tolp haubes gnudnagnem

ad hibel aguj aynamatu tolp nad tolp utas irad hibel ikilimem uti .utas ir ipatet nakA

tolp - kitit adap nagnuggnisreb gnilas uti tolp - .atirec malad utnetret kitit

atirec haubeS .raggnol rula nad tapar rula ada aynsatilauk iges irad uajnitid rulA

ay halec ikilimem kadit uti atirec amatu tolp alibapa tapar tolpreb nakatakid gn

tolpbus tapadret raggnol tolp adap nakgnadeS .nial tolp ipisisid kutnu naknikgnumem

tolp alib numaN .aynamatu tolp naknapedegnem isgnufreb gnay napisis tolp uata

.aynamatu tolp atirec nalaj uggnaggnem kadit gnaubid napisis

.5 rataL

kif nemele halada rataL napak nad anam id acabmep adap nakkujnunem gnay is

naidajek - malad naidajek :002 ,ituyaS( gnusgnalreb atirec .)621 smarbA turuneM


99

:5991 orotnayiguN iulalem( 612 - uata ratal )712 gnittes sadnal aguj tubesid na ,upmut

kaw nagnubuh ,tapmet naitregnep adap naraynem tapmet laisos nagnukgnil nad ,ut

awitsirep aynidajret - nakirebmem kutnu naujutreb ini laH .nakatirecid gnay awitsirep

haloes gnay utnetret anasaus nakatpicnem ,acabmep adapek sitsilaer nasek - halo

huggnus - narabmaggnep nagned idaJ .idajret nad ada huggnus tes gnit uata gnay ratal

malad gnusgnalreb gnay takaraysam napudihek pakgnanem tapad acabmep ,kiab

.atirec

.1 sineJ - ratal sinej

utkaw ratal .a

naiakagnar .atirec malad awitsirep aynidajret taas adap ucagnem utkaw rataL

irad sapelret kadit idajret gnay awitsirep uata irah ,maj apureb kiab ,utkaw nanalajrep

aynignakaleb ratalem gnay utnetret namaz

tapmet ratal .b

.idajret atirec malad awitsirep utaus tapmet ispirksed tukgnaynem tapmet rataL

tat ,takaraysam isidart nairemep naksalejnem tapad tapmet ispirksed iualeM ,ialin a

lah nad ,anasaus ,ukal hakgnit - nad hokot adap huragnepreb nikgnum gnay nial lah

..aynretkarak

laisos ratal .c

aparebeb uata gnaroes takikah nakkujnunem gnay sutats naksikulem laisos rataL

.aygnililekes id ada gnay takaraysam malad hokot sos sutatS nakgnologid tapad aynlai

.iggnit laisos ratal nad hawab laisos ratal aynlasim ,aynnatakgnit turunem

.2 ratal isgnuf

arofatem iagabes rataL .a

uata iskeyorp iagabes isgnufreb ratal utaus gnatnet liated gnay narabmaggneP

ata hokot lanretni naadaek isakifitkejbo .utnetret lautirips isidnok u

iagabes rataL .b rifsomta

acabmep )isome ayahac uata anasaus( purihid gnay aradu iagabes nakitraid rifsomtA

.lanoiskif ainud ikusamem laktat


001

gabes rataL .c a napedegnep i

nonep apureb tapad iskif malad ratal nemele napedegneP j . tapmet uata utkaw nalo

.6 gnadnap tuduS

gnay ,atirecreb gnay apais nakhalasamrepmem aynah gnadnap tuduS

ituyaS( gnaragnep gnaroes atirec ayag nakapurem , 0002 : 841 .) gnadnap tuduS

nad nakumenem kutnu gnaragnep nakanugrepid gnay kinket nakapurem

nakiapmaynem nagnubuhreb nad iapmas tapad kutnu ,aynkitsitra ayrak ankam

tapad acabmep nakparahid uti aynhilipid gnay kinket nagneD .acabmep nagned

nasagag itayahgnem nad amirenem - B( aynnasagag ,orotnayigruN iulalem hto

:5002 .)942 sineJ - gnadnap tudus sinej

.1 gnadnap tuduS naatres nauka

d tabilret gnusgnal araces gnay gnaragnep halada atirec lartnes hokoT malad i

:0002 ,namijduS( atirec 951 - utnabmep idajnem aynah aynasaib ”uka“ hokoT .)061

gnadnap tudus malad ,orotnaynaigruN turunem nakgnadeS .nial hokot ratnagnep uata

s ,ini kiab ,aynimalaid gnay ukal hakgnit nad awitsirep iagabreb nakhasignem ”uka“ i

utauses nagned aynnagnubuh ,kisif nupuam ,iridnes irid malad ,hainitab tafisreb gnay

.atirec tasup ,naradasek tasup ,sukof idajnem ”uka“ iS .aynirid raul id gnay

.2 ka gnadnap tuduS naatres kat nau

nial hokot ratnagnep uata utnabmep idajnem aynah ”uka“ tubesid gnay hokoT

nay :0002 ,namijduS( gnitnep hibel g id lucnum aynah aynmumu adap atirecneP .)061

id uata lawa ini gnadnap tudus malad ,orotnayigruN turunem nakgnadeS .atirec rihka

kot kutnu ridah ”uka“ hokoT .amatu hokot iagabes nakub lucnum ”uka“ ho

uti nakhasikid gnay atirec hokot nakgnades ,acabmep adapek atirec nakawabmem

.aynnamalagnep iagabreb iridnes nakhasignem kutnu ”nakraibid“ naidumek

.3 uhat aham naaid gnadnap tuduS

gnaragneP uhat aham gnay tamagnep idajnem gnaragnap ,atirec raul id adareb

golaidreb upmam nad :0002 ,namijduS( acabmep nagned 61 orotnayigruN turuneM .)0

:5991( numan ,”aid‘ tudus irad nakhasikid atirec ,ini gnadnap tudus malad )752


101

atirecnem tapad ,rotaran ,gnaragnep lah ajas apa nak - hokot tukgnaynem gnay lah

.aynalages iuhategnem rotaraN .tubesret ”aid“

.4 .satabret naaid gnadnap tuduS

ah satabret gnay atirecnep iagabes agitek gnaro nakanugrepmem gnaragneP k

:0002 ,namijduS( aynatirecreb nakatirecnem aynah gnaragneP .)061 imalaid gnay apa

,tahilid gnay apa naksikulem gnaragnep .atirec naupmut nakidajid gnay hokot helo

adap satabret numan ,atirec hokot helo nakasarid nad ,rikipid ,imalaid ,ragnedid

natS( ajas hokot gnaroes :5991 ,orotnayigruN iulalem not .)952

.7 asahaB

asahaB .fitakinumok isgnuf iagabes aynamatu isgnuf nabmegnem artsas malad

nakpakgnugnem nigni artsas akiJ .artsas napakgnugnep anaras iagabes asahaB

tawel nakisakinumokid asib aynah tubesret utauses ,utauses nakgolaidnem ,utauses

ruN( asahab anaras 991 ,orotnayig :5 .)272

arbA turuneM .sahk gnay asahab ayag iaynupmem artsas asahaB iulalem( sm

:5991 ,orotnayigruN ,elits( asahab ayag )672 elyts asahab napakgnugnep arac halada )

naka gnay utauses nakpakgnugnem gnaragnep gnaroes anamigab uata ,asorp malad

S .nakakumekid ayag nagned iauses iridnesret sahk iric iaynupmem artsas ayrak paite

edi nagnaunep nad ayaG .aynedi nakpakgnugnem malad ayngnaragnep arac nad

gnisam - adebreb nup gnaragnep gnisam - ,naupmamek ,nanigniek nagned iauseS .adeb

aumeS .ayngnaragnep sativitaerk nad irad naidabirpek nakrabmaggnem uti

.ayngnaragnep

s igab sahk gnay gnaroes napakgnugnep arac nakapurem ayaG gnaroe

:0002 ,ituyaS( gnaragnep iric helo iadnatid asahab ayaG .)371 - ,naasahabek lamrof iric

kutneb ,tamilak rutkurts ,atak nahilip itrepes - ab kutneb naanuggnep ,fitarugif asah

macamreb tapad asahab ayag awhab nakatakid tapaD .ayniagabes nial nad isehok -

numan ,gnaragnep areles ,nakanugrepid anam id sketnok gnutnagret ,ayntafis macam

ridnes uti narutunep naujut apa nagned gnutnagret aguj ,orotnayigruN( i :5991 .)772

nial tapadneP :7002( notnatS helo nakpakgnuid arac halada ayag ,artsas malad ,)16


201

.adebreb gnaragnep paites nasilunep lisaH .asahab nakanuggnem malad gnaragnep

iagabreb malad rabeynem nad asahab adap katelret mumu araces tubesret naadebreP

kepsa gnajnap ,emtir ,natimurek itrepes - ,naterknokek ,romuh ,liated ,tamilak kednep

radak nagned( sata id kepsa iagabreb narupmaC .arofatem nad ijami aynkaynab nad

.ayag naklisahgnem naka )utnetret

.IV narajalebmep edoteM :

.a isuksiD

.b nasaguneP

.IIV narajalebmep nataigeK

ON NARAJALEBMEP NATAIGEK ISAKOLA

UTKAW

1 naumetreP

1 lawa nataigeK

.a ispesrepA

’5

2 itni nataigeK

.a urug helo nakirebid gnay neprec acabmem awsiS

.b awsiS aynacabid gnay neprec isi ilabmek nakatirecnem

.c rusnu gnatnet isuksidreb awsiS - neprec kisnirtni rusnu

.d iS salek id isuksid lisah nakropalem aws

’5

56 ’

3 putunep nataigeK

.a rusnu gnatnet nalupmisek taubmem awsiS - rusnu

neprec kisnirtni

.b nasaguneP

’01

’5

.IIIV nahab/talA :

neprec haksaN


301

.XI rajaleb rebmuS :

neprec nalupmuk ukuB

iskif iroet ukuB

tenretni / assam aideM

.X eP naialin

.1 naialineP kinkeT

udividni saguT

kopmolek saguT

.2 nemurtsni kutneB

.A sabeb naiarU

)1 hokot naitregnep naksaleJ , ,ratal !smarbA turunem

gnaro halada atirec hokoT - ayrak utaus malad naklipmatid gnay gnaro

imem nakrisfatid acabmep helo gnay ,amard uata fitaran larom satilauk ikil

nad napacu malad nakiserpskeid gnay itrepes utnetret nagnurdnecek nad

.nakadnit malad nakukalid gnay apa

uata rataL gnittes adap naraynem ,upmut nasadnal aguj tubesid

tapmet laisos nagnukgnil nad ,utkaw nagnubuh ,tapmet naitregnep

ajret awitsirep aynid - .nakatirecid gnay awitsirep

)2 !ituyaS turunem ratal ,rula ,amet naitregnep naksaleJ

ameT .atirec rasad uata ,lartnes nasagag ,atirec ankam halada ameT

nakgnaujrepid kadneh gnay utauses inkay ,lartnes nasagag nakapurem

ayrak iulalem nad malad .iskif

awitsirep naiakgnar halada tolp uata rulA - nilaj gnay awitsirep -

kumejam gnay alop nakapurem nad ,laropmet naiakgnar malad nilajnem

satilasuak nagnubuh ikilimem nad

anam id acabmep adap nakkujnunem gnay iskif nemele halada rataL

naidajek napak nad - ek .gnusgnalreb atirec malad naidaj


401

)3 rusnu natiak hakadA - irahes napudihek nagned neprec kisnirtni rusnu -

?irah !naksaleJ

.adA nad ada gnay apa irad nimrec nakapurem neprec kisnirtni rusnU

napudihek malad idajret gnay awitsirep anerak ,takaraysam malad idajret

m nakirebmem kutnu neprec haubes malad ilabmek nakgnautid takaraysa

jret gnay awitsirep irad itra nad larom ialin a .id

.B takgnis bawaJ

)1 otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec amatu hokoT

alada h aresnoM

)2 acnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad tapadret gnay ameT rujuJ ayrak ”m

otnanarP halada nahuT adapek rukuysreb gnaruK uata nakugareM

nahuT

)3 ayrak ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad gnudnakret gnay tanamA

halada otnanarP rujuJ naka kat atik rukuysreb asib kat atik akiJ

lim atik gnay apa sata aigahab nad saup hanrep naayakek nad iki

.aigahab atik pudih nimajnem kadit

)4 rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad nakanugid gnay rulA

halada otnanarP ujam rulA

)5 ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad nakanugid gnay gnadnap tuduS

halada otnanarP rujuJ ayrak uhat aham naaiD

.IX etirK naialineP air

.A sabeb naiarU

oN ialinid gnay kepsA rokS

1 .a m upmam awsiS turunem ,ratal ,hokot naitregnep naksalejne

smarbA .

.b m upmam awsiS .smarbA turunem ratal naitregnep naksalejne

.c m upmam awsiS .smarbA turunem hokot naitregnep naksalejne

01

5

5

2 .a m awsiS m upma turunem ratal ,rula ,amet naitregnep naksalejne 01


501

.ituyaS

.b m upmam awsiS nad rula ,rula nad amet naitregnep naksalejne

.ituyaS turunem ratal nad amet uata ,ratal

.c m upmam awsiS ratal uata ,rula uata ,amet naitregnep naksalejne

.ituyaS turunem

7

3

3 .a upmam awsiS rusnu natiak naksalejnem - neprec kisnirtni rusnu

irahes napudihek nagned - nagned irah icnuk atak naktubeynem

.”neprec nalad gnautid“ nad ”takaraysam nimrec“

.b upmam awsiS rusnu natiak naksalejnem - neprec kisnirtni rusnu

irahes napudihek nagned - rah icnuk atak naktubeynem nagned i

.”neprec nalad gnautid“ uata ”takaraysam nimrec“ utas

01

5

.B takgnis nabawaJ

.oN ialinid gnay kepsA roks

.1 .a aresnoM bawajnem awsiS

.b bawajnem kadit uata nial bawajnem awsiS

01

0

.2 .a aruk uata nahuT nakugarem bawajnem awsiS adap rukuysreb gn

nahuT


01

0

.3 .a j bawajnem awsiS hanrep naka kat atik rukuysreb asib kat atik aki

kadit naayakek nad ikilim atik gnay apa sata aigahab nad saup

.aigahab atik pudih nimajnem

.b t uata nial bawajnem awsiS bawajnem kadi

01

0

.4 .a ujam rula bawajnem awsiS


01

0

.5 .a uhat aham naaid rula bawajnem awsiS


01

0


601

V BAB I

PUTUNEP

em ini bab adaP )3 ,isakilpmi )2 ,nalupmisek )1 ;nakrapap itilenep igab naras

.ayntukireb

nalupmiseK .1.6

kisnirtni rusnu sisilanA otnanarP rujuJ ayrak ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec

d ,amet ,asahab ,gnadnap tudus ,ratal ,rula ,hokot ;itupilem lartnes hokoT .tanama na

,oraniS ,anitsaL hokot nakgnades ,aresnoM halada ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec

hokot iagabes mitaD uata nahabmat larehpirep rula tafisreb ini neprec malad rulA .

gnusgnalreb gnay aresnoM namalagnep hasik iulalem iadnatid ini lah ,ujam araces

adebreb gnay utkaw naturu malad adareb atres sigolonork - .adeb neprec malad rulA

,isakilpmok ,kilfnok ,nagnasgnar ,narapap tapadret awhab iroet nagned iauses ini

lisaH .akubret tafisreb ini neprec naiaseleynep numaN .naiaseleynep nad ,skamilk

rihka .atirec rihka nanikgnumek aparebeb iaynupmem nad akubmem nakraibid

naka radas aresnoM“ nagned atirec rihka nakutnenem nikgnum acabmeP

naklaggninem aresnoM“ nikgnum uata ”nahuT nakugarem halet gnay aynnahalasek

.”nates habmeynem nad nahuT

dnakret gnay rataL .laisos nad ,utkaw ,tapmet ratal halada ini neprec malad gnu

rataL gnay awitsirep aynidajret isakol iadnanem tapmet tapmet ratal ,aresnoM imalaid

em awitsireP .ramadoR atok ,nabalaS iregen ,irapmA atok itupil - gnitnep awitsirep


701

ap aresnoM helo imalaid kaynab .irah gnais adap aguj ,irah malam nad igap utkaw ad

imalaid gnay naniksimek nakrabmaggnem ini neprec malad tapadret gnay laisos rataL

.aresnoM helo

asahab nakanuggnem gnaragnep ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malaD

aid nad asahaB .imahapid hadum gnay aisenodnI nakanuggnem ini neprec malad gol

tamilak nakanuggnem kayanab gnaragneP .aisenodnI asahab ukab asahab - atamilak

S .aynatirec edi nakpakgnugnem kutnu gnajnap u nakanugid gnay gnadnap tud

nagned nakatirecid aynamatu hokoT .uhat aham naaid halada gnaragnep

beynem itrepes nial natubes uata ,”aresnoM“ hokot aman naktu l“ uti suruk ikale ,”

.”hitel hajawreb ayar ayak ikalel“

gnatnet halada ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad takgnaid gnay ameT

aodreb ulal aI .aynpudih haburem nigni gnay aresnoM hokot nitab natalugrep

es awitsirep imed awitsireP .naklubakid kadit aynaod akij nahuT macnagnem irabm

.,nahuT macnagnem lisahreb asarem ai nad aynpudih haburem aresnoM imalaid gnay

adaP .ayar ayak gnay aynpudih nagned aigahab kadit asarem ai akitek utaus aggniH

resnoM atirec rihka nagneD .asaib aisunam idajnem ilabmek aynirid naknignignem a

nad ,lanosidart non amet kusamet ini neprec takgnaid gnay amet ,naikimed

nagnem g malad tapadret gnay tanamA .aynnahuT nagned aisunam nagnubuh tak

dap rukuysreb nad amirenem pakis halada ini neprec adap nakireb nahuT gnay apa a

.atik

”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad ada gnay rusnuratna nagnubuH

ayrak nagned nagnubuh iaynupmem - gnay ameT .nial gnay otnanarP rujuJ ayrak


801

ayrak nagned adebreb huaj kadit ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ neprec malad takgnaid -

J ayrak .laisos ametreb aguj gnay nial gnay ruju awhab naklupmisid tapad aggniheS

amet nagned netsisnok rujuJ - helorepmem rujuJ nakanerakid ini laH .laisos amet

awitsireP .aynratikes naadaek irad itama nad tahil ai gnay apa irad atirec edi isaripsni -

ajret awitsirep awitsirep irad nanimrec nakapurem atirec malad id - gnay awitsirep

.takaraysam malad idajret adap iroet nasadnal nagned iauses ini naitilenep lisaH

.II bab

isakilpmI .2.6

rajalebmep kutnu nakisakilpmiid tapad ini naitilenep lisaH a .artsas isaiserpa n

rP ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ ludujreb neprec nahab nagned PPR nad subalis kudo

AMS aisenodnI asahab narajalebmep kutnu nakanugid tapad otnanarP rujuJ ayrak

X salek II naktakgninem utnabmem kutnu najutreb ini naitilenep lisaH .I retsemes ,

abmem lah malad awsis tanim .neprec aynsusuhk ,artsas nakisaiserpagnem nad ac

niaL itileneP igaB naraS .3.6

;tukireb iagabes halada nial itilenep igab naraS

.1 aitileneP ini n rusnu sisilana adap satabret - gnay larutkurts edotem nagned rusnu

“ neprec adap tapadret macnagneM gnay aoD nad ” ini naitilenep nakgnabmegnem

kutnu nial itilenep igab naknikgnumid tagnaS .kiteneg emsilarutkurts iroet nagned

iatresid nagned nial gnay iroet nakanuggnem nad igal huaj hibel itilenem


901

nagned nupuata ,PPR ,subalis kutneb malad aynnarajalebmep isatnemelpmi

.aynnarajalebmep aidem nagnabmegnep

.2 helO .neprec nalupmuk ukub apureb ini artsas naitilenep malad naijak kejbO

ayrak nakanuggnem tapad ayntujnales naakatsupek naitilenep kutnu ,uti anerak -

,ayniagabes nad ,asorp ,amard ,isiup itrepes nial gnay artsas ayrak ay aynutnet gn

kutnu naveler hisam .awsis arap narajalebmep nahab


011

AKATSUP RATFAD

.2002 .okojD idrapaS ,onomaD naitileneP namodeP artsaS igoloisoS . :atrakaJ.lanoisaN nakididneP nametrapeD asahaB tasuP

.gnaiR atidilaV ,itawarajaF ”gnadnuK nilaM“ nepreC kisnirtnI rusnU sisilanA

sas narajalebmeP malad aynisatnemelpmI nad DS id art : atrakaygoY ..DSU .PIKF .DISBP

.kuraF .4991 artsaS igoloisoS . goY .rajaleP akatsuP :atrakay

.4991 .mihorbaJ artsas narajagneP .rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY .

------------- .1002 . artsaS naitileneP igolodoteM .atidninaH :atrakaygoY .

.8002 .IBBK atrakaJ G : .amatU akatsuP aidemar .

.9002 .inairA hadnE ,irasudaM narajagneP igolodoteM P :atrakaJ . tasu

P nad nagnabmegne P naayadrebme P nad kididne T aganeK .nakididnepe

.5991 .nahruB ,orotnayigruN iskiF naijakgneP iroeT adaM hajaG :atrakaygoY .

P ytisrevinU .sser

----------------------------- .1002 . artsaS nad asahaB narajagneP malad naialineP .EFPB :atrakaygoY

nakididneP gnajneJ nakididneP nautaS takgniT mulukiruK nanusuyneP naudnaP

.PSNB :atrakaJ .6002 .hagneneM nad rasaD

saN nakididneP iretneM narutareP 6002 nuhat 22 .oN aisenodnI kilbupeR lanoi.hagneneM nad rasaD nakididneP nautaS kutnu isI radnatS gnatnet

.2002 .rujuJ ,otnanarP 2002 sapmoK nahiliP nepreC :hanaT kajeJ :atrakaJ .

.sapmoK ukuB tibreneP

.0002 .A otnimuS ,ituyaS kiF asorP nagned nalanekreB is amaG :atrakaygoY ..aideM

.7002 .treboR ,notnatS notnatS treboR iskiF iroeT .rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY .

.8891 .itunaP ,namijduS naakeR atireC imahameM .ayaJ akatsuP :atrakaJ .


111

.5002 .suisyolA ,ihdnaguS raK ”atrakaJ irad umaT“ nepreC rutkurtS sisilanA ay narajalebmeP nahaB iagabes aynisatnemelpmI nad otnanarP rujuJ

UMS id artsaS .DSU .PIKF .DISBP :atrakaygoY .

.9002 .rabmiW ,irasnayaW aliB“ nepreC kisnirtnI rusnU larutkurtS sisilanA malad aynisatnemelpmI nad armiW inefleZ ayraK ”muynesreT nimuJ

jalebmeP AMS id artsaS nara . .DSU .PIKF .DISBP :atrakaygoY


211


311


411


511


611


711


811


911


021


121


221


321


SILUNEP IFARGOIB

rebmevoN 11 laggnat netalK id rihal itawardnI inaifatkO atI

kapaB nagnasap irad laggnut kana nakapureM .7891

halokes ilawagneM .itranuS ubI nad sidahuM nihkuN ilA

S id lamroF haloke netalK ,1 nadnateK iregeN DS id rasaD .

dneP )PMS( amatreP hagneneM halokeS takgnit nakidi

PMS id hupmetid naktujnalem ,naidumeK .netalK ,6 iregeN

5002 nuhaT adaP .netalK odranoeL ruhuL idugnaP KMS id

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id iggnit naurugrep takgnit id nakididnep naktujnalem

.atrakaygoY ep asaM irihkaid atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id nakididn

silunem nagned ludujreb gnay ispirks . “ ”macnagneM gnay aoD“ nepreC sisilanA

nad kiteneG emsilarutkurtS natakedneP nagned otnanarP rujuJ ayraK

skaleP anacneR nad subaliS kutneB nalad aynisatnemelpmI narajalebmeP naana

IIX saleK AMS id artsaS retsemeS , I”


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