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SATITNEDI NAGNUGNIBEK NAD SATITNEDI AMATU HOKOT LEVON MALAD

TIGNAL ID AJNES :AKOLATIP HAYD TIHAPAJAM NASKA NAWAMREH AYRAK

ISPIRKS iD a u nakuj tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutn

nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM odnI artsaS asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP n d aise hareaD na

: helo nususiD

hC . P gnugA hilaG .

0 042216 87

IDUTS MARGORP HAREAD NAD ,AISENODNI ARTSAS ,ASAHAB NAKIDIDNEP

IDIDNEP NASURUJ INES NAD ASAHAB NAK

NAKDIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

3102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

SATITNEDI NAGNUGNIBEK NAD SATITNEDI AMATU HOKOT LEVON MALAD

TIGNAL ID AJNES :AKOLATIP HAYD TIHAPAJAM NASKA NAWAMREH AYRAK

ISPIRKS iD a u nakuj tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutn

nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM odnI artsaS asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP n d aise hareaD na

: helo nususiD

hC . P gnugA hilaG .

0 042216 87

IDUTS MARGORP HAREAD NAD ,AISENODNI ARTSAS ,ASAHAB NAKIDIDNEP

IDIDNEP NASURUJ INES NAD ASAHAB NAK

NAKDIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

3102


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP

:adapeK nakhabmesrepuK ini ispirkS

.airaM adnuB nad sutsirK suseY nahuT

audeK b ,ukaut gnaro oY kapa tedanreB ubI nad notakirS senah irtsE a

.inauY


v

TOM TO nahuT utnabmem ayngnajnar id aid utkaw tapmet id :tikas aynrudit

uak aynnakhilup amas ilakes irad .)4 :14 rumzaM( ayntikas naped iD nahuT suseY kat lihatsum gnay ada amales atik hisam

ayacrep nad suret ahasureb tagnameS . kutnu tagnames ,hubmes kutnu tikgnab inikayem - .ukisaripsni ,ayN


iv

NAGNARAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

gned nakataynem ayaS ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses na

b uata ayrak taumem kadit cek ,nial gnaro ayrak irad naiga id naktubesid gnay ilau

es ,akatsup ratfad malad .haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagab

81 ,atrakaygoY iraurbef 3102

,siluneP

.hC P gnugA hilaG .


iiv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

: amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN .hC : hilaG gnugA .P

romoN awsisahaM 870422160 :

imeD nagnabmegnep umli ,nauhategnep ayas nakirebmem adapek naakatsupreP

ayrak amrahD haimli : ludujreb gnay ayas

MALAD AMATU HOKOT SATITNEDI NAGNUGNIBEK NAD SATITNEDI

LEVON TIHAPAJAM TIGNAL ID AJNES:AKOLATIP HAYD AYRAK

NASKA NAWAMREH .

nagneD .)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseb nakirebmem ayas naikimed

em ,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek -

,atad nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagn

aidem uata tenretnI id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem

nial nupuam ayas irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu

iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek itlayor nakirebmem

.silunep

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas gnay ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

: laggnat adaP iraurbeF 81 3102 nakataynem gnaY

.hC hliaG .P gnugA


iiiv

KARTSBA ,hilaG gnugA .P .2102 , d satitnedI nagnugnibeK na satitnedI hokoT amatU

malaD d ajneS :akolatiP hayD levoN tihapajaM tignaL i ayraKnaskA nawamreH atrakaygoY . amrahD atanaS satisrevinU : .

nakrasadreb ijakgnem ini naitileneP natakednep igolokisp - .artsas araceS

naturureb lajretek ijakgnem ini naitilenep nani rutkurts ijakgnem naktujnalid nadek nad satitnedi levon malad amatu hokot satitnedi nagnugnib :akolatiP hayD

tihapajaM tignaL id ajneS .naskA nawamreH ayrak

nakanugid gnay edoteM edotem nakanuggnem ini naitilenep maladatkaf nakrabmaggnem abocnem itilenep ini edotem malaD .fitpirksed - gnay atkaf

nad alolegnem naidumek ,itiletid naka gnay nahalasamrep nagned natiakreb itilenep helio nakukalid gnay terknok hakgnal nupadA .nakrisfanem halada

levon sisilanagnem ,amatreP .tukireb iagabes tignaL iD ajneS :akolatiP hayDtihapajaM hokot gnatnet aynsusuhk ,larutkurts araces nad ,rula ,nahokonep nad

ratal gnay sisilana nakanugrepmem ,audeK .uti levon malad tapadret gnayabmag niagabes amatrep imahamem kutnu nar satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedi

amatu hokot levon adap tihapajaM tignaL iD ajneS :akolatiP hayD . p iraD awhab naklupmisid tapad ini naitilene rusnu ratna nanilajreteK )1(

hokot utiay kisnirtni nahokonep nad ,rula , nad gnay ratal levon malad gnudnakrettihapajaM tignaL iD ajneS :akolatiP hayD tare tagnas utas kutnebmem aggnihes

eynem nad hutu gnay ankam nautasek nagnugnibek nad satitnedI )2( .hurul gnay imalaid noskirE nagnabmekrep iroet nagned iauses akolatiP hayD amatu hokot

malad 01 rumu gnatner - nagnugnibek nad satitnedI nasumur nagned nuhat 02.satitnedi


xi

TCARTSBA hilaG , .P gnugA , .2102 ytitnedI dna ytitnedI noisufnoC niaM C retcarah ni hayD

akolatiP : thgiliwT i ykS n tihapajaM W levoN yb nettir nawamreH naskA . :atrakaygoY atanaS amrahD .

ygolohcysp eht senimaxe yduts sihT - .erutaretil ot hcaorppa desab

levon eht neewteb tnemelgnatne fo erutcurts eht senimaxe yduts siht yllaitneuqeSdna ytitnedi fo yduts deunitnoc eht dna tsinogatorp noisufnoc ytitnedi levon eht ni

tihapajaM ykS nI thgiliwT :akolatiP hayD .naskA nawamreH yb nettirw desu dohtem ehT siht ni gnisu yduts evitpircsed sdohtem . ,dohtem siht nI

srehcraeser eht ot deirt stcaf eht ebircsed eht ot gnitaler eb ot seussi denimaxe , dnaneht dna eganam terpretni . ehT spets etercnoc nekat srehcraeser sa era swollof .

,tsriF eht ezylana levon hayD akolatiP : thgiliwT ykS nI tihapajaM yllarutcurts ,yllaicepse sretcarahc eht tuoba ,tolp , gnittes , dna emeht egassem ni deniatnoc eht

.levon dnoceS , gnisu eht tsrif sisylana niagabes erutcip dnatsrednu ot dna ytitnedi noisufnoc ytitnedi hayD retcarahc niam eht ni levon akolatiP : thgiliwT ykS nI

tihapajaM . morF siht yduts dedulcnoc eb nac ti )1( taht cisnirtni eht fo stnemele eht

tnemelgnatne neewteb dna sretcarahc eht snoitaziretcarahc ,tolp , dna gnittes eht ni levon deniatnoc hayD akolatiP : thgiliwT ykS nI tihapajaM ylesolc yrev ot sa os

mrof ytinu a gninaem fo ylhguoroht dna yletelpmoc . )2( I ehT ytitned ytitnedI dnaC noisufno yb decneirepxe C niam eht retcarah hayD akolatiP ot gnidrocca

s'noskirE yroeht latnempoleved eht ni egnar ega 01 - sraey 02 rof eht htiw noitalumfo ytitnedi dna noisufnoc ytitnedi .


x

RATNAGNEP ATAK

,ainurak nakirebmem halet gnay suseY nahuT adapek rukuys ijuP

hisak atnic nad ,tamhar - nagned nakiaseleynem tapad aggnihes silunep adapek ayN

amatU hokoT satitnedI nagnugnibeK nad satitnedI ludujreb gnay ispirks racnal

levoN malaD hayD d ajneS :akolatiP tihapajaM tignaL i naskA nawamreH ayraK

raleg helorepmem kutnu tarays utas halas iagabes nususid ini ispirkS

nad ,aisenodnI artsaS ,asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP adap nakididneP anajraS

vinU nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF ,hareaD amrahD atanaS satisre

irad nautnab tapadnem kaynab ,ini ispirks nanusuynep malaD .atrakaygoY

nad ,kujnutep ,nagnorod ,nagnibmib nakirebmem halet gnay kahip iagabreb

amiret asar nakiapmaynem silunep ini natapmesek adap ,uti anerak helO .tahesan

s gnay hisak rasebe - .aynraseb

:adapek nakiapmas silunep ini hisak amiret napacU

.1 ,asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP auteK ukales ,hisgninayteS anailuY .rD

.hareaD nad ,aisenodnI artsaS

.2 halet gnay I gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales ,muH.M,.JS ,ajrahiD atparP .J.srD

ibmib nakirebmem malad silunep igab agrahreb tagnas gnay naras nad nagn

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem

.3 nakirebmem halet gnay II gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales ,idakuS .G .srD

naras ,nagnibmib - malad silunep igab agrahreb tagnas gnay naras

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem

.4 otnamhaR .B.srD , ,muH.M nakirebmem halet gnay ijugnep nesod ukales

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad nakusam

.5 artsaS ,asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP nawayraK nad nesoD panegeS

nautnab nad nauhategnep lakeb nakirebmem halet gnay hareaD nad ,aisenodnI

ni amales silunep adapek .i


ix

.6 takirS Y kapaB ubi ,no atedanreB irtsE inauY nad ukkida suksisnarF sisaW

ulaJ nagnorod rebmem halet gnay idanarP nad .aod

.7 halet gnay nawansirK rajnaH .mR ,gnanahD saM ,ukaraduas kanaS

.silunep adapek nagnorod nad isavitom irebmem

.8 nad mo ,ibib ,namaP gnay ,utasrep utas naktubes ayas asib kat gnay etnat

.isavitom nakirebmem halet

.9 napakgnelrep nad nagnorod nakirebmem halet gnay ,aiV ,ukkiab nameT

.ispirks nakiaseleynem kut

.01 tabahaS - ojeT ,nasiN sugA ,legnA ,agiR ,idaY ,akE ,suboK ,uktabahas

,liynU oK ,koR auT koyT ,todoC ,hilaG ,zoiD ,habmiS ,irA ,ynO ,udniS

.aynnagnukud nad naamasrebek ,natabahasrep sata iluY nad acaC ,aduM

.11 nameT - .aynnagnukud nad naamasrebek sata 6002 natakgnA DISBP namet

.21 nameT - la ,ireH ,adnaneR ,asiL ,marB ,gnugA ,pesoY .tS akiduM namet af

.aynaod nad tagnames sata ,aynaums nad

.31 kahiP - .utasrep utas naktubes silunep tapad kadit gnay nial kahip

irad huaj hisam ini ispirks nanusuynep malad awhab iradaynem siluneP

taafnamreb ini ispirks agomes parahreb silunep ,naikimed nupikseM .anrupmes

nad kiabes nagned nakanugid tapad - .aynkiab

,atrakaygoY 81 3102 iraurbeF

,siluneP

hC . A hilaG .P gnug


iix

ISI RATFAD namalaH

luduJ namalaH ……………… ……………………………… …………… ......... i

P namalaH gnibmibmeP nahasegne …… …………………… …………… ........ . ii

P namalaH ijugneP nahasegne … ………………… …………………… … .…… . iii

namalaH nahabmesreP ……………… … …………………………… …… …… .. vi

toM namalaH to ………………… ………………………………… ……… .…… . v

nailsaeK naataynreP namalaH …………………… …………… ………… …… .. vi

isakilbuP naataynreP namalaH ……………………………………………… .. .. iiv

kartsbA …… …… ………………………………………………………… …… ... iiiv

tcartsbA ……………… ……………………………………… …… …… ……… xi

ratnagneP ataK …………………… ………………………………… …… ..…… x

isI ratfaD …………………… ……………………………………… …… …… ... .. xii

nauluhadneP I baB ……………………… ………………………… …… ……… 1

1.1 halasaM gnakaleB rataL ………………… …………… ..……… 1

2.1 halasaM nasumuR …………………………… ……… ………… 3

3.1 naitileneP naujuT ……………… ……… ……………… .……… 3

4.1 naitileneP taafnaM …………………… …… ………… ...……… . 4

5.1 halitsI nasataB …………… ……… …………………… .……… 4

6.1 naijayneP akitametsiS …… … ………………………… .……… .. 5

iroeT nasadnaL II baB ……… …………………… ……………………… ..…… .. 6

1.2 gnaY naitileneP veleR na …………………… …………… .…… .. 6

2.2 iroeT nasadnaL ……… …… ………………………… ....……… .. 7

1.2.2 larutkurtS ……………………………… ……… ...……… 8

hokoT 1.1.2.2 nahokoneP nad .…… ……… … ………… .. 9

2.1.2.2 rulA …………………… ………… …… ………… . 11

rataL 3.1.2.2 ……………… …… ……………… ..……… . 21

2.2.2 igolokisP - artsaS ……………………… … …… .………… . 51

.2.2.2 iroeT 1 noskirE sisilanaokisP ……… … ..………… . 61

igolodoteM III baB naitileneP ………………… ………… ……………… ...…… . 12

1.3 natakedneP ……………………… ………………… … ………… 12


iiix

2.3 edoteM ………………………… …………………… … ..……… 22

3.3 ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT …………… …………… … ...……… 32

4.3 naitileneP remurtsnI ………………… ………… …… … .……… 32

3 5. ataD sisilanA kinkeT …………………………… …… ………… 32

6.3 ataD rebmuS …………… …… ……………………… … .……… 42

sisilanaokisP naD larutkurS sisilanA VI baB …………………………… ..…… 52

1.4 levoN larutkurtS sisilanA … ……………… …………… ..……… 25

1.1.4 nahokoneP nad hokoT …………… …… ……… ………… 52

2.1.4 rulA ………… ………………… ……………… .………… 63

3.1.4 rataL …………… ……………… ……………… ………… 14

2.4 nilajreteK rutkurtS ratnA na ………………… ……… … ...……… 54

3.4 satitnedI nagnugnibeK nad satitnedI ………… … …… .………… 64

nalupmiseK V baB ………… …………………… ……………………… ..……… 75

1.5 nalupmiseK … ………………… ……………………… ………… 75

2.5 isakilpmI ………………… …………………………… ………… 06

3.5 naraS … ………… ………………… …………………… …… ....... 06

ratfaD akatsuP ……………………………………… ……………………… ......... 26


1

BAB I

NAULUHADNEP

1.1 halasaM gnakaleB rataL

halaS n halada artsas ayrak irad kutneb utas .levo levoN nakapurem

nad nautasek utas nugnabmem gnay rusnu aparebeb helo nugnabid gnay anacaw

rusnU .natalubek - k iagabes levon rusnu if ayra .lanoisgnuf tafisreb isk N levo

gnaragnep nakatpicid nad nahurulesek araces duskam gnukudnem kutnu

nakutnetid aynankam 631 : 4991 ,oyulaW( uti atirec nahurulesek helo .)

levoN :akolatiP hayD ajneS di tihapajaM tignaL hokot nakridahgnem

akolatiP hayD . P hayD naroes akolati nay irtup g .atilej kitnac g aiD halada gnaroes

irtup gnay naajarek ikilimem .raseb gnay naipmi akolatiP hayD s je pudih licek ka

id ned hunep gnay naajarek akolatiP hayD .naruta nag nakapurem gnay irtup nigni

m me b nakitku raseb gnay huragnep ikilimem irtup gnaroes awhab naajarek malad .

ajar irtup nakaretireciD z id gnaruk ulud nama iagrah . ajar gnaroes aneraK

ikal kana naknignignem - id ikal .atinaw nagned gnidnab hayD tubesret lah iraD

gnay huragnep ikilimem asib irtup gnaroes awhab nakitkubmem nigni akolatiP

rek malad raseb .naaja N ini levo ujunem akolatiP hayD nanalajrep nakaretirecnem

iagabreb nagned tihapajaM namalagnep gnay em nad satitnedi ihuragnepm

satitnedi nagnugnibek akolatiP hayD .aynpudih hasik malad

levon malaD d ajneS :akolatiP hayD tihapajaM tignaL i kaynab ini

t irad huragnep nupuam tubesret hokot irid irad tubesret kilfnoK .kilfnok tapadre

surah gnay nahalasamrep ipadahgnem aynnaawijek uti anerak helO .raul

nahalasamreP .nakiaselesid - hokot taubmem naka ipadahid gnay nahalasamrep


2

edek ujunem irid iskeportsni kutnu nagnabmekrep itilenem kutnU .naasaw

apureb gnay larutkurts iroet nagned natakednep nakanuggnem itilenep ,naawijek

hokot irad iridret levon malad kisif rusnU .kisif rusnu nahokonep nad nad ,ratal ,

naktujnalid naidumeK .rula .igolokisp natakednep nagned

alaD irtup gnaroes akolatiP hayD sisilanagnem gnaragnep ,uti levon m

id kiranem gnay narikimep ikilimem akolatip hayD .nuhat 81 aisureb naajarek

gnaroes idajnem asib atinaw awhab rikifreb aiD .adum hisam gnay aynaisu asam

aynapudihek nanalajrep malaD .nipmimep .kiranem namalagnep kaynab

naawijek satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedi gnasgnarem tubesret namalagneP

levon naikimed nagneD .akolatiP hayD d ajneS :akolatiP hayD tihapajaM tignaL i

.itiletid kutnu kiranem haltagnas

levon siluneP d ajneS :akolatiP hayD aL i tihapajaM tign utas halas halada

.ranet gnay silunep ajnem hanrep naskA nawamreH halajam id asahab rotide id

nad agarhalo atniC natarajaP ak ipeT nepluP iT igolotna malad kusam . aguj adA

atireC nad gnalremeC atinA halajam id taumid gnay aynneprec nalupmuk .ajamer

levoN d ajneS :akolatiP hayD tihapajaM tignaL i nahabreb gnay levon nakapurem

akatsuP gnatneB TP helo naktibretid tubesret levoN .harajes ukab atok

.atrakaygoY

id naka ini naaitilenep malaD sahab satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedi

latiP hayD hokot P .ako kanuggnem ini naitilenep malad iakapid gnay natakedne na

igolokisp natakednep - igolokisp natakedneP .artsas - irad natakednep aynitra artsas

us ud udus irad nad igolokisp t .artsas t susuhk hibel silunep ini lah malaD

kanuggnem sketnok na nibek nad satitnedi satitnedi nagnug .


3

gnaro paiteS imalagnem pahat napudihek k , anera sunam ikilimem ai

takgnit nakaynabeK .nagnabmekrep k nakharaid atik naitahrep nakinuek adape

P .udividni lepmem gnay golokisp ara a p kiratret pudih asam nagnabmekrep iraj ada

y atik kitsiretkarak S .kinu gna atik ,aisunam iagabe aparebeb inalajnem aumes

halasam mu gnay gnisam atik irid irad mu - gnisam )4 :0102 ,enitreblA( .

levoN itilenem silunep gnorodnem gnay nial laH ajneS :akolatiP hayD d i

tihapajaM tignaL nep artsas ayrak naitilenep malad anerak sigolokisp nataked

.nakanugid gnaraj S silunep nauhategnepe muleb gnay itilenep ada hanrep

levon itilenem :akolatiP hayD ajneS d tihapajaM tignaL i ini natakednep nagned

igolokisp .

2.1 halasaM nasumuR

ep nakakumegnem silunep akam ,sata id naiaru nakrasadreB nahalasamr

: tukireb iagabes

1.2.1 anamiagaB hokot nahokonep nad rula , , nad ratal nebmem gnay kut

satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedi akolatiP hayD hokot levon malad

d ajneS :akolatiP hayD tihapajaM tignaL i .naskA nawamreH ayrak

2.2.1 anamiagaB ad satitnedi satitnedi nagnugnibek n hayD hokot imalaid gnay

levon malad akolatiP ajneS :akolatiP hayD d tihapajaM tignaL i ayrak

naskA nawamreH .

3.1 naitileneP naujuT

1.3.1 nakispirksedneM hokot ratal nad ,rula ,nahokonep nad levon malad hayD

akolatiP ajneS : d tignaL i tihapajaM naskA nawamreH ayrak .

2.3.1 edneM nakispirks satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedi hokot imalaid gnay


4

akolatiP hayD levon malad olatiP hayD d ajneS :ak tihapajaM tignaL i

.naskA nawamreH ayrak

4.1 naitilenep taafnaM

1.4.1 rtsas naijak hanazak habmaneM nagned artsas natakednep aynsusuhk ,a

igolokisp natakednep nakanuggnem .

2.4.1 artsas isaiserpa naktakgnineM I levon aynsusuhk ,aisenodn latiP hayD :ako

ajneS d tihapajaM tignaL i naskA nawamreH ayrak .

5.1 halitsI nasataB

1.5.1 .W nhoJ malad noskirE kcortnaS ( ret )04 :2002 ,kinamaD aduJ nahamej

halada satitnedI nad aynitnan akerem anamiagab ,aynirid nagnareg apais

gnay anam hara kadneh hupmet akerem .aynpudih malad

2.5.1 ,uacak itah ,laka gnalih ,gnugnib naadaek malad halada nagnugnibeK

8002 ,IBBK( lld asa sutup )781 : .

3.5.1 amatu hokoT naaker atirec malad amatu narep halada ,IBBK( amard uata

)6741 :8002 .

4.3.1 .)01 : 3891 ,ojramuS( awitsirep naidajek asam uata tapmet halada rataL

5.3.1 T halada hoko naukalreb uata awitsirep imalagnem gnay naaker udividni

malad )61 :8891 ,namijduS itunaP( atirec nad awitsirep iagabreb .

6.3.1 gnay gnaroeses gnatnet salej gnay narabmag nasikulep halada nahokoneP

.)561 :7002 ,orotnayigruN( atirec malad naklipmatid

7.3.1 P tol rula uata an ,naidajek naturu isireb gnay atirec halada num malad

id aynah uti naidajek utas gnay awitsirep ,tabika babes araces nakgnubuh

nial gnay awitsirep aynidajret nakbabesid ,ayajiW nad irS malad notnatS(


5

5 :1102 - )6 .

8.5.1 atirec naiakgnar gnudnagnem gnajnap gnay asorp nagnarak halada levoN

aroeses napudihek naklojnonem nagned ayngnililekes gnaro nagned gn

)969 :8002 ,IBBK( ukalep paites tafis nad kataw .

.1 6 naijayneP akitametsiS

naitileneP id naka ini malad nakijas amil utas baB .bab ianegnem isireb

aud baB .nauluhadnep ,iroet nasadnal :itupilem gnay b ratal ,halasam gnakale

nam ,naitilenep naujut ,halasam nasumur aitilenep taaf nad ,halitsi nasatab ,

naijaynep akitametsis bab nakapurem tapme baB .naitilenep edotem agit baB .

amatrep halasam nasumur ,atad sisilana lisah isireb gnay gnay nakanuggnem

urts sisilana k larut naidumek audek halasam nasumur atad sisilana lisah isireb

igolokisp sisilana nakanuggnem gnay baB . amil isireb gnay bab nakapurem

pmisek id gnay atad sisilana irad nalu akatsup ratfad natapmenep nagned irihka .


6

II BAB

IROET NASADNAL

1.2 ileneP naveleR gnay nait

levon padahret napaggnaT d ajneS :akolatiP hayD tihapajam tignaL i

gnay levoN .ada muleb silunep nauhategnep huajes ispirks nupuam isneser apureb

ludujreb d ajneS :akolatiP hayD tihapajaM tignaL i naskA nawamreH ayrak

nakatirecnem analajrep hasik iagabreb nagned tihapajaM ujunem irtup gnaroes n

.aynhasik paites malad kiranem gnay

tsenrE , 7002 , sisilanagnem malaD amatU hokoT naawijeK nagnabmekreP

aynisatnemelpmI nad onisaB sitiT ayrak gnukgneL siraG ,suruL siraG levoN

artsas narajalebmep malad AMS id halada nakanugid gnay natakedneP .

urts natakednep k urts natakedneP .sigolokisp nad larut k adap naktareb kitinem larut

rusnu - isnirtni rusnu k uti lah malaD .hokot nad ratal ,rula ,amet apureb gnay

ikal nagnubuh sisilanagnem gnaragnep - naupmerep nad ikal saup kadit gnay

itamkinem niales gnay apab nagnalihek sidag pordkcab iulalem ,aynkilim nagned

nagnuner iulaleM .napos gnaro idajnem isibmareb aguj ,hajajnep iagabes aynrirak

,hamur gnaro nahodobek ,imaus arap taibat ,pudih naitsapkaditek gnatnet ,hokot

as hek ria ek iapm gnaro nakgnacnibid gnay napudi S naka acabmep ,airama

.naharecnep utaus imalagnem

ada halada ini naitilenep malad tapadid gnay lisaH ayn rusnu nanilajretek

kisnirtni utas kutneb nakidajnem aggnihes tanama ,ratal ,amet ,rula ,hokot

ay nautasek malad amatu hokot naawijek nagnabmekreP .huruleynem nad hutu gn

.nagnatamek sesorp imalagnem anerak kiab nagned gnabmekreb LGLG levon


7

sisilanagnem ,8002 ,yseD manE malaD amatU hokoT nitaB kilfnoK“

neP atniC gnatneT kedneP atireC nepreC nalupmuK adaP nepreC ayraK ked

aseaM ranejD ”.artsaS igolokisP nauajniT uyA malad nitab kilfnok isavitoM

neprec nalupmuk nalupmuk ”kedneP atniC gnatneT kedneP atireC“ isavitomid

irid malad irad rotkaf ,nagnukgnil irad rotkaf ,rotkaf agit helo irad rotkaf nad ,

tkaF .naujut malad ro - .nitab kilfnok imalagnem ayaS hokoT isavitomem ini rotkaf

kilfnoK .ada kadit nagnukgnil irad ihuragnepid gnay ayas hokoT nitab kilfnoK

.naklubmitid gnay tabika turunem nakadebid naidumek ini ayaS nitab malaD

nep rusnu aynnaitile - kisnirtni rusnu akanugid gnay awij iuhategnem kutnu n

.artsas ayrak malad tapadret

hadnE 8002 , , m isilanagne “ naadebreP s atinaW nad airP hokoT nakududeK

malaD awaJ iyayiP naD mayaK ramU ayrak iyayirP araP levoN

AMS iD narajalebmeP nahaB iagabeS aynisatnemelpmI ”. ilenep nakrasadreB nait

atnet nalupmisek kiratid tapad nakukalid halet gnay rusnu gn kisnirtni . naadebreP

adap isatnemelpmi nad ,awaJ iyayirP atinaw nad airp hokot nakududek

.tanama nad ,amet ,ratal ,rula ,hokot ,sisilanaid gnay rusnU .AMS id narajalebmep

levon sisilana malaD rusnu nanilajretek naklipmanem naka itilenep ,ini PP - ,rusnu

gnay ankam natalubek nugnabmem gnay tanama nad ,amet ,ratal ,rula ,hokot

.PP levon malad tapadret

2.2 iroeT nasadnaL

nakirebmem kutnu nauca iagabreb nakanugid naka iroet nasadnal adaP

et narabmag malaD .ini naitilenep malad silunep helo iakapid naka gnay iro


8

nakiaruid naka ini iroet nasadnal : 1( ) larutkurtS nad amet ,ratal ,rula ,hokot :

.tanama igolokisP )2( .noskirE irad iroet libmagnem

.2 2 1. larutkurtS

nakapurem artsaS ret gnay rutkurts rad irid macamreb i - rusnu macam - rusnu

kisnirtni rusnu aratnA . - halada emsilarutkurtS .tare nilajret aynkutnebmep rusnu

lah malad satilaer iracnem arac utaus - adneb( lah - nanilajreb gnilas gnay )adneb

lah malad nakub ,aynamases ratna - elohcS( udividni tafisreb gnay lah s aiv

2002 ,opodarP )12 : .

naigab irad iridret gnay rutkurts ikilimem artsas ayraK - gnay naigab

rusnu ratna nagnubuh naitregnep adap ucagnem artsas ayrak rutkurtS .ankamreb

)63 :2002 ,orotnayigruN( hutu gnay nautasek kutnebmem gnay )kisnirtni( .

adumem kutnU ,levon aynsusuhk artsas ayrak padahret namahamep nakh

narapamep naujuT .tubesret levon rutkurts nakrapamem nagned nakukalid tapad

gnay artsas ayrak rusnu iagabreb ratna natiakretek nad isgnuf iuhategnem halada

gruN( nahurulesek naklisahgnem amasreb araces )73 :2002 ,orotnayi .

awhab naklupmisid tapad sata id tapadnep aparebeb nakrasadreB

naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay natakednep halada larutkurts natakednep

tubesret artsas ayrak ankam imahamem ahasu malad artsas ayrak padahret

rusnu nakrasadreb - irtni rusnu ,amet ,ratal ,rula ,hokot ,itupilem gnay aynkisn

rusnU .tanama - satilatot utaus iagabes gnadnapid surah tubesret kisnirtni rusnu

rusnu naudapretek nad nanilajretek anerak - nakutnenem tagnas tubesret rusnu

sek ankam naklisahgnem malad artsas ayrak aynlisahreb nahurule .


9

2.2 . 1.1 hokoT nahokoneP nad

nakhutubid tagnas hokot awhab naklupmisid tapad raseb sirag araceS

iulalem babes ,aynnaridahek hokot nagna malad atayn idajnem atirec - nagna

ep haluti nahokonep iulaleM .acabm nem salej nagned tapad acabmep pakgna

ujuw nagned aisunam d .gnaragnep helo nakatirecid gnades gnay aynnapudihek

hokot sisilana ,ini naitilenep malaD nahokonep nad iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid

iric uata ,ukal hakgnit ,kataw pakis - gnay hokot sisilanA .gnusgnal araces kisif iric

maggnem kutnu nakanugid tawel kiab ,hokot helo nakukalid gnay sativitka nakrab

.idajret gnay awitsirep iulalem aguj nad ukal hakgnit uata atak

T halada hoko naukalreb uata awitsirep imalagnem gnay naaker udividni

iagabreb malad ( atirec malad awitsirep )61 :8891 ,namijduS . ahokoneP halada n

atirec malad naklipmatid gnay gnaroeses gnatnet salej gnay narabmag nasikulep

.)561 :7002 ,orotnayigruN(

nad lartnes hokot idajnem nakadebid atirec malad hokot isgnuf iagabreB

nahawab hokot . utiay aud idajnem igabret amatu hokot uata lartnes hokoT hokot

.sinogatna nad sinogatorp halada sinogatorp hokoT hokot idajnem gnay hokot

hokoT .atirec malad lartnes sinogatorp nagned nakutnetid aguj tapad

agnubuh nakitahrepmem sinogatorp hokoT .hokot ratna n nagned nagnubuhreb

hokot nakgnades ,nial hokot - l hokot .nagnububuhreb gnilas itsem kadit nia

iagabes tubesret hokot gnaroes nautneneP sinogatorp aynnarep irad tahilid tapad

irad amatu gnatnenep idajnem gnay hokoT .nial hokot iulalem nad atirec malad

hokot sinogatna hokot halada sinogatorp p nad tafis iaynupmem gnay ukalire

hokot aguj kusamret sinogatna hokoT .sinogatorp hokot nagned nanawalreb


01

71 8891 ,namijduS( acabmep igab naitahrep tasup idajnem aguj anerak lartnes -

)91 .

,atirec haubes malad hokot ayngnitnep takgnit uata narep nakrasadreB

jnem nakadebid hokot halada amatu hokoT .nahabmat hokot nad amatu hokot ida

ai ,natukgnasreb gnay levon malad aynatirecnep nakamatuid gnay hokot

naidajek ukalep iagabes kiab ,nakatirecid kaynab gnilap gnay hokot nakapurem

kot halada nahabmat hokoT .naidajek ianekid gnay nupuam aynah gnay ho

malad nikgnum nuputi nad ,atirec malad ilak aparebeb uata ilakes naklucnumid

uN ( kednep fitaler gnay naatirecnep isrop 002 ,orotnayigr 7 .)671 :

T maladek naksumurid tapad gnay kitsiretkarak nad tafis ikilimem hoko

agiT .isnemid agit nay isnemid : halada duskamid g

)1 : itupilem gnay hokot kisif naadaek aynitra )sigoloisif( kisif isnemiD ,aisu

,hubut naadaek ,nimalek sinej ric ,hajaw iric .kifiseps gnay sahk i

)2 ,naawijek gnakaleb ratal naksikulem ,)sigolokisp( sikisp isnemiD

tafis naasaibek etkarak nad a :aynlasim ,hokot r atilatneM ) larom naruku s

b ,nasadrecek nad ek ,nemarepmeT ) c ,idabirp naasarep nad ,nanigni )

.susuhk nailhaek nad napakaceK

)3 hokot nakududek gnakaleb ratal nakkujnunem ,)igoloisos( laisos isnemiD

aynnagnubuh nad takaraysam malad tubesret hokot nagned - hokot ,nial

sos sutatS )a :aynlasim malad nanarep nad ,natabaj ,naajrekeP )b ,lai

,amaga ,naayacrepek ,pudih nagnadnaP )d ,nakididneP )c ,takaraysam

)e ,ygoloedi )271 :4991 ,oyulaW( nanurutek nad asgnab ,ukus .

mid agiteK lad tubesret hokot isne lipmat iskif ayrak utaus ma araces


11

amasreb - amas aguj kisif araces nakrabmagid niales lucnum gnay hokot aynitrA .

nakrabmagid .sigoloisos nad sikisp araces

.2 2. 2.1 ( rulA tolp )

( rulA tolp usnu nakapurem ) notnatS( .gnitnep gnay iskif r nad irS malad

,ayajiW 5 :1102 - ,naidajek naturu isireb gnay atirec halada tolp nakakumegnem )6

gnay awitsirep ,tabika babes araces nakgnubuh id aynah uti naidajek malad numan

jret nakbabesid utas .nial gnay awitsirep aynida awhab nakakumegnem smarbA

tsirep rutkurts nakapurem tolp awi - tahilret gnay anamiagabes utiay ,awitsirep

kefe iapacnem kutnu awitsirep iagabreb naijaynep nad naturugnep malad

isome utnetret kitsitra kefe nad lano .

941 :2002 ,orotnayigruN malad( firsaT - 51 ahat nakadebmem )0 idajnem tolp p

:utiay ,naigab amil

.1 pahaT is noitaut )naisautiynep(

( isautis nalanegnep nad nasikulep isireb ini pahaT ratal .atirec hokot nad )

.2 pahaT secnatmicric gnitareneg )kilfnok nalucnumep(

halasam isireb ini pahaT - awitsirep nad halasam - tuluynem gnay awitsirep

aklucnumid ialum kilfnok aynidajret .n

.3 pahaT noitca gnisir )skilfnok natakgninep(

aynmulebes pahat adap naklucnum id gnay kilfnokitrareb ini pahaT

.gnabmekreb nikames

.4 pahaT xamilc )skamilk(

atirec hokot adap idajret gnay nagnatnetrep uata kilfnok isireb ini pahaT

kacnup kitit iapacnem akitek .


21

.5 pahaT tnemeuoned )naiauseynep(

.idajret gnay kilfnok naiauseynep isireb ini pahaT

1.2.2 3. rataL

sisilanagnem kutnu nakanugid ratal sisilana ini naitilenep malaD

tapmet anamiagab - tihapajaM tignaL id ajneS levon malad naksikulid gnay tapmet

p ihuragnepmem uata tapmet halada rataL.amatu hokot naawijek nagnabmekre

ratal )071 : 8991( ituyaS turuneM .)01 : 3891 ,ojramuS( awitsirep naidajek asam

naidajek alages nad tapmetatik adap kujnunem gnay iskif nemele halada - naidajek

.gnusgnalreb uti atirec malad

turuneM ratal rusnu helo nugnabid atirec haubes )612 :2002( orotnayigruN

atirec aynnalaj imahamem malad acabmep utnabmem tapad ratal nasikulep anerak

uata rataL .levon malad hokot naadarebek nad gnittes upmut nasadnal tubesid

,tapmet naitregnep adap naraynem gnay tapmet nad,utkaw nagnubuh - tapmet

awitsirep aynidajret - : 2002 orotnayigruN aiv smarbA( nakatirecid gnay awitsirep

.)612

gnaroes gnatnet hasikreb atirec awhab naksalejnem )44 : 8891( namijduS

awitsireP .hokot aparebeb uata - halutnet atirec malad id awitsirep adap idajret

tapmet utaus malad tapadret halitsap atirec utaus malad id uata utkaw utaus

,kujnutep ,nagnaretek alages awhab nakatakid tapad anahredes araceS .utnetret

malad atirec aynidajret anasaus ,gnaur,utkaw nagned natiakreb gnay naucagnep

ayrak utaus .atirec ratal nugnabmem artsas

irebmem kutnu gnitnep ini laH .tirknok araces nakajip irebmem rataL

haloes anasaus nakatpicnem ,acabmep adapek satilaer nasek - huggnus halo -


31

ratal rusnu naispirksedneP .)712 :2002 ,orotnayigruN( idajret nad ada huggnus

kames igni gnay duskam salejrepmem ni n adapek gnaragnep nakiapmasid

hokot tapmet ianegnem acabmep adapek narabmag irebmem rataL .acabmep

rataL .hokot laisos isidnok naadaek nad ,gnusgnalreb naidajek utkaw ,adareb

,)agit( 3 idajnem igabid tapad levon haubes malad ,utkaw ratal ,tapmet ratal : utiay

.laisos ratal nad

1.2.2 .3 1. tapmeT rataL

akol adap naraynem tapmet rataL id gnay awitsirep aynidajret is nakatirec

tapmet aparebeb nikgnum nakanugid gnay tapmet rusnU .iskif ayrak malad

ret laisini ,utnetret aman nagned .salej gnay aman apnat nad ,utnetret isakol ,utnet

tapmeT - nay tapmet id gnay tapmet halada amanreb g .atayn ainud malad iapmuj

utaus aman )latipak( lawa furuh nagned aynasaib ,utnetret aman nagned tapmeT

tet ,utnetret tapmet adap naraynem aguj ipatet ,tapmet surah acabmep ipa

natubeynep aynah aynasaib salej aman apnat tapmet rataL .iridnes nakarikrepmem

tapmet mumu tafis nad sinej - pmet ( utnetret ta .)722 :2002 ,orotnayigruN

naka aI .lanoisgnuf nad ,lakipit ,sahk tafisreb gnay utauses idajnem tapmeT

huragnepmem atirec nagned nerehok aynanerak nad ,nahokonep nad narulagnep i

( nahurulesek tapmet ratal ini nasilunep malaD .)882 :2002 ,orotnayigruN

aggnihes idajret gnay awitsirep iulalem tapmet nakrabmaggnem kutnu nakanugid

hayD hokot naawijek nagnabmekrep gnukudnem .akolatiP

.1.2.2 2.1 utkaW rataL

awitsirep aynidajret napak nagned nagnubuhreb utkaw rataL - awitsirep

aynasaib tubesret napak halasaM .iskif artsas ayrak haubes malad nakatirecid gnay


41

irep nagned tapaduata aynatirec ada gnay lautkaf atkaf nagned nakgnubuhid awits

irebmem nad utnetret utkaw nuruk adap idajret gnay awitsirep nakapurem harajes

nakhadumem naka atirec adap utkaw nad ratal nasahkeK .atirec haubes nasahkek

s imahamem nad ilanegnem kutnu acabmep ( atirec utau .)032 :2002 ,orotnayigruN

naitilenep malaD iulalem napak nakrabmaggnem kutnu nakanugid utkaw ratal ini

.idajret gnay awitsirep

.1.2.2 3 3. rataL S laiso

lah adap naraynem laisos rataL - ukalirep nagned nagnubuhreb gnay lah

ayrak utaus malad nakatirecid gnay tapmet utaus id takaraysam laisos napudihek

s malad halasam iagabreb pukacnem takaraysam napudihek arac ataT .artsa

tada ,naasaibek apureb tapad aI .skelpmok gnay pukgnil - ,isidart ,tadaitsi

d ,rikipreb arac ,pudih nagnadnap ,nanikayek ( pakisreb na yigruN 002 ,orotna 7 :

.)332

2. 2.2 artsaS igolokisP

ayraK naigab irad iridret gnay rutkurts nakapurem artsas - gnay naigab

naraynem artsas ayrak rutkurtS .ankamreb ratna nagnubuh naitregnep adap rusnu

( kisnirtni araces gnay ihuragnepmem gnilas ,kilab labmit tafisreb gnay )

ruN( hutu gnay nautasek kutnebmem naamasreb )63 :2002 ,orotnayig .

. hokot naawijek nagnabmekrep iuhategnem kutnu ini igolokisp sisilanA

kolatiP hayD amatu uti iuhategnem kutnU .a silunep ggnem sisilanaokisp nakanu

.naawijek nagnabmekrep itilenem nad nasadnal kutnu noskirE

em gnay umli halada igolokisP anerak ipatet naka ,awij gnatnet nakaracibm

awitsirep nakapurem tahilid tapad gnay akam ,kapmat kadit uti awij - awitsirep


51

isatsefsinam nakapurem gnay sativitka uata .uti awij napudihek naamlejnep

es ikidileynem gnay umli utaus nakapurem igolokisp uti aneraK irajalepmem atr

sativitka uata ukal hakgnit gnatnet - sativitka atres ukal hakgnit anamid ,sativitka -

( kapmanem gnay ukal hakgnit itupilem uti sativitka roivaheb trevo aguj nad )

kapmanem kadit gnay ukal hakgnit ( roivaheb renni ( ) W 7991 ,otigla helO .)01 :

dooW ,kirotom sativitka itupilem kapmanem kadit sativitka ,siuqraM nad htroW

ka nupuam ,fitingok sativitka 7991,otiglaW( lanoisome sativit .)01 : kejbO

naka kiratret aguj ilha araP .idabirp iagabes aisunam nagnabmekrep igolokisp

nabmekrep hakhuaj aparebes halasam helo ihuragnepid idat aisunam nag

aysam nagnabmekrep 6002 sreonk nad sknoM( ayntakar natiakreb igolokisP .)1 :

( artsas umli nagned aroinamuh t iside malad( neraW nad keleW .) nahamejre

91 ,atnaiduB einaleM 98 : 90 apme tapadret artsas malad igolokisp nakatagnem ) t

)2( ;idabirp iagabes uata epit iagabes gnaragnep igolokisp iduts )1( :utiay ,irogetak

duts mukuh i - id gnay igolokisp mukuh sesorp )3( ;artsas ayrak malad nakparet

kapmad irajalepmem ayngnaragnep gnakaleb ratal nad gnaragnep )4( atres ;fitaerk

dahret artsas isp uata acabmep pa artsas ayrak igolok igolokisp naigabmep malaD .

enep ,artsas umli nagned nakparetid gnay ek gnay edotem nakanuggnem itil aud

“ mukuh iduts - akparetid gnay igolokisp mukuh n artsas ayrak malad ”.

lem tapad artsas igolokisp iroet namahamep malaD ,amatrep ,arac agit iula

iroet namahamep iulalem - ayrak utaus padahret sisilanaid naidumek igolokisp iroet

eK .artsas aud nakutnenem uluhad hibelret nagned , haubes iagabes artsas ayrak

iroet nakanuggnem naidumek ,naitilenep kejbo - naveler gnay igolokisp iroet kutnu

eK .nakanugid agit naitilenep kejbo nad iroet nakumenem natlumis araces ,


61

)95 :0102 ,enitreblA aiv arawsardnE( .

namahamep nakanuggnem itilenep ,naitilenep sesorp nakukalem kutnU

oet “ audek gnay artsas igolokisp ir ubes nakutnenem uluhad hibelret nagned ha

iroet nakanuggnem naidumek ,naitilenep kejbo iagabes artsas ayrak - iroet

nakanugid kutnu naveler gnay igolokisp ” . edotem nakanuggnem itilenep nasalA

nigni itilenep anerak ,tubesret .levon malad tapadret gnay atirec ulud imahamem

et nakutnenem uti haleteS iro - itilenep naujut nagned naveler gnay igolokisp iroet

.naawijek nagnabmekrep gnatnet

.2 1.2.2 noskirE sisilanaokisP iroeT

duerF irad iroet nakgnabmegneM adap naknakenem hibel gnay

lauskesokisp pes nagnabmekrep nahaburep naknakenem noscirE , sulkis gnajna

ek sesorp adap nakrasadid gnay laisosokisp rasad nagned aisunam napudih

malad naasawedek sesorp imalagnem aggnih licek aid irad aisunam napudihek

.aynnapudihek

aiv noskirE kcortnaS W nhoJ ( ,kinamaD aduJ nahamejret 2002 : 04 ) 8 igabmem

bret nagnabmekrep pahat :utiay napudihek sulkis iulalem akitek gnatne

.1 K ( naayacrepkaditek nad naayacrepe tsurtsim susrev tsurt )

halaI t nuhat adap imalaid gnay noskirE turunem amatrep laisosokisp paha

aynnarihalek amatrep rumu aggnih 1 nuhat r utauS . naayacrepek asa

asarep tutnunem natukatek laminim halmuj nad kisif araces namayn na

.naped asam naka igab pahat nakutnenem licek asam adap naayacrepeK

kiab gnay laggnit tapmet idajnem naka ainud awhab pudih rumues naparah

.nakgnaneynem nad


71

.2 ugar nad ulam asar atres imonotO - ( ugar ymonotua tbuod dna emahs susrev )

adap gnusgnalreb gnay ,noskirE turunem audek nagnabmekrep pahat halaI

1( nalajreb ialum urab asam nad iyab rihka asam - .)nuat 3 ialuM

irid irad lasareb gnay nauamek ikilimem akerem awhab nakumenem

sar naksagenem hibeL .iridnes akerem nairidnamek uata imonoto a . kanA

kana aliB .akerem nauamek ianegnem iradaynem ialum kaynab ulalret

id uata isatabid asar nakukalem gnurednec akereM .sarek ulalret mukuh

ugar nad ulam - .ugar

.3 ( halasreb asar nad asrakarP tliug susrev evitaitini )

rep pahat halaI adap gnusgnalreb gnay ,noskirE turunem agitek nagnabmek

nuhat - halokesarp nuhat 3 rumu adap - nuhat 5 . ulrep nad gnatnatret hibeL

isatagnem kutnu naujutreb hibel gnay ukalirep nakgnabmegnem

nagnatnat - raseb hibel bawajgnuggnat amirenem nad nagnatnat ukalireP .

t ipadahgnem kutnu tutnutid naujutreb nad fitka tahilret nagnatna - nagnatnat

id kanA .ini bawaj gnuggnatreb tutnut ,akerem ukalirep ,akerem hubut sata

gnuggnat nagnabmegneP .akerem naarahilep naweh nad ,akerem naniam

asarep ,numaN .asrakarp naktakgninem bawaj kadit gnay halasreb na

gnay naayacrepek irebid kadit kana alib ,lucnum tapad nakgnaneynem

nad naayacrepek irebid kadit kana alib ,lucnum tapad nakgnaneynem kadit

.samec taubid

.4 ( irid hadner asar nad nukeT ytiroirefni susrev yrtsudni )

agnabmekrep pahat halaI gnusgnalreb gnay noskire turunem tapme ek n

arik - rasaD halokeS nuhat adap arik 5 rumu adap - nuhat 01 . nakharagneM


81

lautkeletni nad nalipmaretek naasaugnep adap igrene akerem akiteK .

hilareb kana rihka nad nahagnetrep asam - nakhilagnem akerem ,kana

erem igrene auhategnep naasaugnep ujunem ak nalipmaretek nadn

lautkeletni sitsaisutna uata tagnamesreb hibel gnay nial taas ada kadiT .

nagnabmegnep nagnabmegnep edoirep rihka adap adapirad rajaleb kutnu

kanak asam adap isanijami - .kanak halai ini asam adap ayahaB

ekrep irid hadner asar nagnabm kadit nad netepmokreb kadit naasarep

.fitkudorp

.5 ( satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI noisufnoc ytitnedi susrev ytitnedi )

k nagnabmekrep pahat halaI udividni imalaid gnay ,noskirE turunem amile

nuhat amales - ajamer asam nuhat u adap 01 rum - nuhat 02 . id udividnI

arik akerem anamiagab ,akerem apais naumet nagned nakpadah - arik

ek nad ,aynitnan aynnapudihek malad ujunem akerem anam ajamer kanA .

urab narep kaynab nagned nakpadahid aut gnarO .asawed gnaro sutats nad

r kana naknizignem surah nalaj nad narep kaynab ihajalejnem ajame

narep ikajajnem kana akiJ .susuhk narep utaus malad malad adebreb - narep

fitisop gnay nalaj utaus adap abit nad tahes gnay arac nagned uti macames

pacid naka fitisop gnay satitnedi akam ,napudihek malad itukiid kutnu .ia

itnedi akiJ kadit ajamer kana ualak ,aut gnaro helo kalotid kana sat

fitisop gnay naped asam nalaj akij nad ,narep kaynab ikajajnem iadamem

.alelajarem satitnedi nagnugnibek akam ,naksalejid kadit

.6 nalicukretek nad nabarkaeK


91

nabmekrep maneek pahat halaI udividni imalaid gnay ,noskirE turunem nag

nuhat amales - asawed asam lawa nuhat 02 rumu adap - nuhat 03 . udividnI

nagned barka gnay isaler nakutnebmep nagnabmekrep sagut ipadahgnem

nial gnaro namitnieK . id naumenep naigabes gnaro irid adap iridnes ir nial

nat natabahasrep kutnebmem adum kana taaS .niiridnes irid nagnalihek ap

gnay barka isaler nad tahes gnay kadit ualak ,iapacid naka mitni isalosi

.idajret naka

.7 ( gednam nad tikgnaB noitangats susrev ytivitareneg )

,noskirE turunem nagnabmekrep hujutek pahat halaI udividni imalaid gnay

asawed nahagnetrep amales 03 rumu adap - nuhat 05 . tapad hibeL

nad nakgnabmegnem malad nial gnaro adapek nial gnaro nakiladnegnem

anugreb gnay napudihek adap nakharagnem atu gnay amatu nalaosreP . am

abmegnem adum isareneg utnabmem halai adap nakharegnem nad nakgn

.anugreb gnay napudihek

.8 ( naawecekek nad satirgetnI riapsed susrev ytirgetni )

udividni imalaid gnay noskirE turunem rihkaret pahat nad napaledek pahT

rihka asam amales sata ek nuhat 06 rumu adap . nad ulal asam ek heloneM

ulavegnem .akerem napudihek nagned nakukal akerem halet gnay apa isa

( fitisop tafisreb tapad ulal asam ek ilabmek heloneM nahutuek uata )

( fitageN asa sutup ).

gnisaM - t irad iridret pahat gnisam sahk gnay nagnabmekrep sagu .

tubesret laH s padahret udividni nakpadahgnem id surah gnay sisirk utau

kitit utaus ipatet ,anacneb utaus halnakub ini sisirk ,noskirE igaB .ipadah


02

( nanatnerek natakgninep kilab ytilibarenluv .isnetop natakgninep nad )

tahes nikames naka ,sisirk isatagnem udividni lisahreb nikameS

( akerem nagnabmekrep malad noskirE kcortnaS W nhoJ nahamejret aduJ

,kinamaD 2002 : 04 .)

noskirE sisilanaokisp iroet ini naitilenep malaD ianegnem amilek gnay

satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedi . sesorp itilenem noskirE iroet aneraK

er nagned aynirid itkub nagned nad napudihek .aynratikesid isal id tapet ini iroeT

nakanug nu .ini naitilenep kut


12

III BAB

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM

.3 1 natakedneP

sisilanA satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedi malad akolatiP hayD levon

ajneS :akolatiP hayD D tihapajaM tignaL i nakukalid ini nakanuggnem nagned

igolokisp araces natakednep - igolokisp iroet natakedneP .artsas - nakukalid artsas

igolokisp iroet aratna nakutasid tapad tubesret iroet audek awhab nasala nagned

gnatnet ijakgnem gnay umli nakapurem aynaudeK .artsas iroet nad nad ukalirep

aisunam sativitka )1 :0102 ,enitreblA( .

k adap naknakenem gnay naijak malaD ini artsas ayra . P ne itile

malad larutkurts iroet nakanuggnem nagned atirec narabmag naklupmugnem

itilenep ayntukireb hakgnaL .artsas naklupmiynem nad pakgnanem abocnem

kepsa - epsa hokot nakatawrep malad nimrecret gnay igolokisp k - ayrak malad hokot

rgoib kepsa nakitahrepmem apnat artsas .ayngnaragnep ifa tubesret lah malaD

itilenep golaid iulalem hokot igolokisp haalenem - nagned aynukalirep nad golaid

k narikimep nagnabmus nakanuggnem nagneD .utnetret igolokisp narila naija

ayapu nakapurem ini naijak malad artsas haalenep nakukalid gnay apa ,naikimed

kepsa narajajesek iracnem kutnu - hokot nakatawrep malad sigolokisp kepsa - hokot

turunem aisunam gnatnet nagnadnap nagned artsas ayrak utaus sp utnetret igoloki

7891 ,nahkeoR( 841 : - .)941

artsas padahret igolokisp tudus irad natakednep ini naitilenep malaD

t nakanuggnem nagned fitaerk sesorp nakapurem sisilanaokisp iroe noskirE anerak

rusnu halada takgnaid gnay halasam - am naawijek rusnu aisun gnem satitnedi iane


22

satitnedi nagnugnibek nad utnetret aisu nagned gnatnebret gnay .

.3 2 edoteM

fitpirksed edotem halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay edoteM

kutnu sket sisilana irad lakgnapreb nagned nakpakgnugnem urts k larut gnay

ay levon malad tapadret apureb gn , kot ratal nad ,rula ,nahokonep nad ho . rutkurtS

naidumek tubesret nagnabmekrep malad hibel imahamem kutnu nakanugrepid

agabes aynpudih nanalajrep malad akolatip hayD hokot naawijek i irtup gnaroes

kilimem gnay id gnay ailum gnay nagnaujrep i katirec ludujreb gnay levon malad na

ajneS :akolatiP hayD D .tihapajaM tignaL i halada aynlawa hakgnaL

atad naktujnalid naidumek ,sket nalupmugnep - nakanugid gnay igolokisp atad

.akolatiP hayD hokot naawijek nagnabmekrep sisilanagnem kutnu

kapurem fitpirksed edoteM naujutreb gnay atad sisilana edotem na

udividni tapet araces nakrabmaggnem - kopmolek uata ,alajeg ,naadaek ,udividni

jeg utaus narabeynep isneukerf aynada nakutnenem kutnu utnetret malad ala

9891 ,naT( takaraysam : nakitraid aguj tapad fitpirksed edoteM .)92 iagabes

uata nakrabmaggnem nagned ikidilesid gnay halasam nahacemep rudesorp

naadaek naksikulem ( naitilenep keybo uata keybus ,agabmel ,gnaroeses

nial nad ,takaraysam - atkaf nakrasadreb gnarakes taas adap )nial - gnay atkaf

s uata kapmat aN( aynada anamiagabe 7891 ,iwaw .)36 :

nakrabmaggnem kutnu nakanugid ini naitilenep malad fitpirksed edoteM

levon rutkurts naksalejnem nad :akolatiP hayD tihapajaM tignaL id ajneS

lisah atres nitab kilfnok sisilana ,ratal nad hokot rusnu aratna nagnubuh ianegnem

naitilenep irad . anerak fitatilauk naitilenep kusamret ini naitilenep uti nialeS


32

atak apureb fitpirksed atad naklisahgnem anerak fitpirksed atad naklisahgnem -

gnaro irad nasil uata silutret atak - nadgoB( itamaid tapad gnay ukalirep nad gnaro

.)5 :5791 ,rolyaT nad

3.3 inkeT ataD nalupmugneP k

utiay ,akatsup iduts halada nakanugid gnay atad nalupmugnep kinkeT malaD

nemukod natatacnep - pisra nad nemukod - jbo nagned natiakreb gnay pisra nad ke

.naitilenep naujut : aynatad nalupmugnep kinket ini tukireB

.1 gnalureb araces acabmeM - gnalu levon tignaL id ajneS :akolatiP hayD

ayrak tihapajaM tapad kutnu nakduskamid ini laH .naskA nawamreH

levon duskam nad isi iadnanem nad huruleynem araces imahamem

.tubesret

.2 nagned naveler gnay iroet apureb gnay rednukes atad naklupmugneM

p naujut nad kejbo .naitilene

.3 larutkurts rusnu irad atad sisilanagneM nad artsas natakednep nagned

.igolokisp natakednep nagned naawijek nagnabmekrep sisilana

4.3 naitileneP nemurtsnI

satilisaf uata tala halada naitilenep nemurtsnI itilenep helo nakanugid gnay

upmugnem malad hibel aynlisah nad hadum hibel aynnaajrekep raga atad nakl

halo id hadum aggnihes sitametsis nad pakgnel ,tamrec hibel itra malad ,kiab

)061 :6002 ,otnukirA( .iridnes uti silunep halada ini naitilenep kutnu nemurtsnI .

5.3 kinkeT sisilanA taD a

tilenep malaD nai levon ijakgnem kutnu , tignaL id ajneS :akolatiP hayD

tihapajaM ayrak sisilanagnem itilenep naskA nawamreH rusnu - rutkurts rusnu


42

rusnU .uluhad hibelret levon - aguj tubesid tubesret levon rusnu rusnu kisnirtni

hokot irad iridret gnay nahokonep nad ad rula , al n rusnu ini naitilenep malaD .rat -

i rusnu kisnirtn yrak babes ,sisilanaid kutnu gnitnep rusnu irad sapel kadit artsas a -

id ada gnay rusnu nakanuggnem itilenep ini lah malaD ,aynmalad rusnu

atkaf rusnu nakanuggnem gnay nugnabmep artsas ayrak malad ayigruN( ,orotn

)52 :7002 . atkaf rusnu uti nialeS lawa pahat nakapurem ayrak itilenem kutnu

.tujnal hibel naitilenep ikusamem mulebes artsas

es hakgnaL itilenem kutnu ,ayntujnal anamiagab nagnugnibek nad satitnedi

satitnedi uggnem itilenep ,akolatiP hayD amatu hokot mekrep iroet nakan nagnab

.noskirE irad adret noskirE iroet malaD pahaT .nagnabmekrep pahat napaled tap

ek gnay pahat nakanuggnem itilenep nakanugid gnay noskirE nagnabmekrep - amil

.satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedi apureb gnay

6.3 ataD rebmuS

atad rebmuS igabid tapad atad rebmuS .helorepid atad tapmet halada

aneraK .rednukes atad rebmus nad remirp atad rebmus utiay ,aud idajnem

ayrak apureb nup aynremirp rebmus akam ,artsas naitilenep halada ini naitilenep

: tukireb satitnedi nagned levon utiay ,artsas

duJ lu : :akolatiP hayD tihapajaM tignaL id ajneS

gnaragneP naskA nawamreH :

tibreneP akatsuP gnatneB :

nuhaT 5002 :

tapmeT akaJ : atr


52

VI BAB

S SISILANA LARUTKURT NAGNABMEKREP SISILANA NAD

AMATU HOKOT NAAWIJEK

.1.4 larutkurtS sisilanA N akolatiP hayD levo

lanA adap nakrasadnem gnay naitilenep nakapurem levon larutkurts sisi

rusnu - lawa hakgnal iagabes ini naitileneP .artsas ayrak malad kisnirtni rusnu

id aneraK .ayntujnales naitilenep kutnu rusnu helo nugnabid levon malad - rusnu

ititilenep ini lah malaD .tubesret snu nakanuggnem kisnirtni ru nupadA .

rusnu naadarebek - .ini hawab id nakiaruid naka tubesret rusnu

.1.1.4 hokoT nahokoneP nad

levon malaD ajneS :akolatip hayD D tihapajaM tignaL i hokot tapadret

hokoT .sinogatna hokot nad sinogatorP sinogatorp D irad iridret ,akolatiP hay

anaubaggniL ubarP ini levon malad sinogatnA hokoT .aduyariW nad ,arosinuB ,

.adaM hajaG halada

nijar gnay naidabirpek ikilimem gnay irtup gnaroes halada akolatiP hayD

.tukireb napituk malad nakrabmagid tapaD .ailum gnay naipmi ikilimem nad

D“ aticreb akolatiP hay - nakireb id gnay batik aums pahalem nigni atichatam maggneggnem kutnu aynnaipmi imed ,aynnamap helo .ira

.)12:5002 ,naskA nawamreH(

taas ,aynkana nakitahrepmem gnay haya nakapurem anaubaggniL ubarP

akolatiP hayD rek naklaggninem igrep aynlawagnep nakhatniremem uaileb ,naaja

tukireb napituk malad nakatireciD .umetek iapmas akolatiP hayD iracnem kutnu

.ini

naadaek naka ritawahk kapman ,aynhajaw sirag irad ,anaubaggniL ubarP kutnu umak nakhatnirep uka ,aduyariW“ .akolatiP hayD aynirtup


62

nem ”.iregen kosolep aggnih ukirtup iracnem kutnu tirujarp nakhareg.)24 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH(

nakitahrepmem tagnas gnay akolatiP hayD irad namap halada arosinuB

gnay huragnep rebmem arosinuB .akolatiP hayD helo imalaid gnades gnay apa

ayD naawijek igab kiab .ini tukireb napituk malad nakatireciD .akolatiP h

utas nialeS .aynnamap imugagnem tagnas akolatiP hayD - gnaro aynutaspatik ikilimem arosinuB namap ,aynirid nakitahremem gnay - gnay batik

iasaugnem aid ,arabmegnep gnaroes halada arosinub namaP .kaynabgabreb .arosinuB irad batik rajaleb akolatiP hayD nad nasilut macam ia

.)71 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH(

tagnas gnay gnaroes aid ,anaubaggniL ubarP lawagnep nakapurem aduyariW

tubmel gnay itah ikilimem aid ,numaN .adnus ayniregen adap idbagnem nad hutap

sarem aid taas naasarep naka .akolatiP hayD padahret atnic malad nakatireciD

.ini tukireb napituk

paget nagned ,gnakaleb irad atinaw kososes tahilem aduyariW kapmaN ,lanegnem haloes aduyariW atam satnipeS .uti atinaw itakednem nalajreb

“ aduyariW ,takednem aggnih naut tup ”ir liggnap nagnaj“ akolatiP hayD . haremem aduyariW akum ”uka ignudnil nad haltakednem ,dirtup naut uka

)74 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( .satnap kat asarem nad .

gnagepreb gnay naidabirpek ikilimem gnay gnaroes halada adaM hajaG

em nagned aynnairidnep adap huget arac nagned ayngnarep kitilop nakanuggn

wabid aratnasun nakutasrepmem kutnu nupapa malaD .tihapajaM naasaukek ha

raseb lidnareb adaM hajaG ini levon nakkudnunem kutnu igetarts gnacnarem

mayaH ajar nagned akolatiP hayD irtup nakhakinem nagned nadnusap hanat

W .kuru

hokot aguj tapadret uti nialeS amatu hokoT .nahabmat hokot nad amatu

nakrasadreb naklupmisid ini laH .akolatiP hayD halada tubesret levon malad

gnilap isneukerf iaynupmem ,tubesret levon malad hokot natabilretek satisnetni


72

gnay hokot iagabes kaynab akolatiP hayD natabilretek lah malaD .nakatirecid

hokoT .naklipmatid gnay hokot aumes nagned nagnubuhreb kaynab ikilimem

,gninsiL araL irusiamreP ,anaubaggniL ubarP halada aynnahabmat ,gnaralaggnA

ajaG ,udaM hitaP ,aduyariW ,itawimskaL ibiB ,arosinuB namaP ubarP ,adaM h

sikuL uruJ iK ,kuruW mayaH .

gnay habuj malad nakrabmagid kapman anaubaggniL irad kisif narabmaG

roes halada aynirid awhab naktahilrepmem gnay nasaihreP .iakapid gnay ajar gna

imem nakatireciD .awabiw ikil .ini tukireb napituk malad

ubarP pacU“ nagned awabiwreb kapmat gnay anaubaggniL ajarahaM radnub kutnebreb amatu naigab nagned ,same sipalreb gnay aynatokham aputs macames isaihid aynkucup naigaB .ihad aggnih alapek putunem lapmut fitomreb sata naigab naakumrep ,amdap agnub pucnuk kutnebreb

nad naksaihreb aynhawab naigab nad ,nuad kutnebreb lapmut atres narulus .agnub nad nuad narulus karocreb nagnawaret adiruT )naped naigab( - ayn

ualikreb gnay uajih atamrep naksaihreb nad agnub kopmolek kutnebreb,naskA nawamreH( 65 :5002 - )75 .

anaubaggniL alada akolatiP hayD irad haya h uaileB . da ajar gnaroes hala

irad retkarak ikilimem gnay gnaro kososes halada anaubaggniL ajaR ahaM .adnuS

.saget nad awabiwreb

lisahreb adnuS iregeN ,anaubaggniL nahatniremep hawab id ,iniKsakeb nakutaynem - pes amal naajarek sakeb ,aragaN akalaS itre

rabmagreb narasebek ijnap utas malad ,hulaG ,nadneK ,araganamuraT nakatnorebmep iagabreb maderem lisahreb aguj anaubaggniL .uamirah

naajarek - nahutuek gnorgnorem ulales harajes malad gnay licek naajarek :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ini iregen .)211

gninsiL araL irusiamreP tafis ikilimem aiD .akolatiP hayD irad ubi halada

tubmel gnay nakatirec id ini laaH .anaubaggniL ubarP nagned aites tagnas nad

adnus hanat naklaggninem naka gnay akolatiP hayD nagned nahasiprep taas

.tihapajaM ujunem


82

halidaJ“ atinaw ,gninsiL araL atak ,”itawaytaS itrepes amatu naupmerep ,naskA nawamreH( anaubaggniL ubarP ignipmadnem aites utigeb gnay

)021 :5002

ada gnaralaggnA kida hal aisureb hisam gnay akolatiP hayD gnudnak

d ulalret hisam gnay aynrumu aneraK .nuhat nalibmeS muleb gnaralaggnA ,ini

aid taas nakatirec id ini laH .idajret gnay halasam imahamem malad ulalret asib

.akolatiP hayD aynkakak nagned hasipreb

,gnaralaggnA gnas patanem ,uti nuhat nalibmeS aisureb urab gnay ikalelaget utigeB .raget gnay hajaw nagned kakak naruku nagned r iggnit

,anas id atam ria ada kaT .akolatiP hayD kadnupes muleb gnay aynhubut hisreb hisam gnay kana gnaroes sulut aod racnapret aynatam toros irad ipat asib akolatiP hayD ,gnalremec rages gnay aynhajaw iraD .aynitah

nikayek haubes pakgnanem halaynah nahasiprep awhab patnam gnay na)031 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( napudihek malad rajaw gnay naigab .

akolatiP hayD irad namap halada arosinuB namaP gnay gnaroes aiD ,

irahes aynnapudihek irad umli abminem - gnep malad irah naujuT .aynnaarabme

B irad pudih .anugreb gnay aisunam kutnebmem halada arosinu

irad umli abminem kaynab hibel arosinuB ,anaubaggniL nagned adebreBirahes napudihek - sirayn anaubaggniL ualaK .aynnaarabmegnep malad irah

ibel arosinuB ,iridnes ayniregen hayaliw satab irad raulek hanrep kadit h hanrep kadit gnay iregen adap nakhab ,anaubgnalalem pudih kaynab ,gnabmelaP habmaram hanrep arosinuB .anaubaggniL helo nakgnayabret nad ,aniC nad apmaC iregeN ek aggnih nakhab ,kisamuT ,artuP gnujnaT

gabreb abminem nialeS .akitnawaliW tihapajaM ajasutnet umli ia laggnit aynatnimem kadit ,aylumaggnaR aynhaya ajas ualaK .naamagaek

dihek nikgnum kat nakub ,anatsi id ,ayab hagnetes inik gnay aynnapu nakhaB ,arabmegnep iagabes aynpudih arac hilimem hibel arosinuB

bes nugnabmem arosinuB ,anatsi ek ilabmek haletes id nakopedap hauatic naigab iagabes ,naajarek hayaliw natales naigab id ,gnapmaJ - aynatic

aisunam kutnebmem - aratna kilab kalob parek aI .anugreb gnay aisunam311 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( aynnakopedap nad anatsi - .)411

irad ibib halada itawimskaL kolatiP hayD a ikilimem nad anahredes gnay

.ini tukireb naksalejid gnay itrepes naitahrep gnay gnaroes aiD .kitnac gnay hajaw

akolatiP hayD”.ulud halnakam ,irah hagnet tawel hadus ,siluE“


92

.aynagnilet sulegnem gnay tubmel araus ragnednem aynhajaw takgnagnemnibib arauS ,naskA nawamreH( kitnac gnay anahredes naupmereP .ay

32 :5002 - .)42

lawagnep halada aduyariW lawagnem kutnu nakhatnirepid gnay aynhaya

gnay akum tuar nad magel tikides tilukreb gnay gnaroes aiD .aakolatiP hayD

nay akolatiP hayD narutut malad itrepS .napmat malad ,aduyariW nagned mugak g

.ini tukireb napakacrep

.aynatam tudus nagned aduY patanem akolatiP hayD tikides nupikseMl tilukreb ikip ,napmat aynhajaw tuar ,mage anujrA hakapA .akolatiP hayD r

.)24 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ?magel tilukreb aguj

ada aduyariW apA .aynajar nagned hutap tagnas gnay lawagnep gnaroes hal

kapman tubesret narabmaG.nakukal ai anaubaggniL ubarP nakhatnirepid gnay

.ini tukireb napituk malad

adad naped id nagnat audek nakpukgnanem areges aduyariW itsuG kiaB”.es takgnareb naka ayas ,ubarP ,naskA nawamreH( aduyariW atak ”!gnarak

.)681 :5002 kutnu tihap ajam nasutu hokot halada udaM hitaP gnipmadnep iracnem

irnem kutnu aracib uruj nad nagnobmor nipmimep halada aiD .kuruW mayaH

y itrepes aynsalej hibel kutnU .kuruW mayaH gnipmadnep irusiamep tapadret gna

.tukireb hotnoc malad

gnipuc gnuru kat ,udaM hitaP atak ”,nahibelreb uti rabak nikgnuM“gnabmekret kapmat ,gnatnilem matih gnay aynsimuk sata id ,ayngnudih -

puyas iksem ,rabak ragnednem urtsuj abmaH”.gnabmek - ,iapmas puyas adnuS iregeN id awhab hadus imak naD .arat adait gnay agnub hubmut

)85 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ”.tubesret rabak naranebek nakitkubmem .

irtup hajaw naksikulem kutnu tihapajaM irad nasutu halada sikuL uruJ iK

gnay ikul uruj iK narabmag ini tukireB .kuruW mayaH naktahilrepid naka taas s

yD nakrabmaggnem .aynmugak asar nagned akolatiP ha


03

hayD hajaw id sirag paites amaskas nagned itamagnem sikuL uruJ iK amil laggnat tibas nalub nagnukgnel nagned tubmel aynsilA .akolatiP nakkujnunem ,nurunem kadit aguj nad kianem kadit ,askapanserK

taw haremek sipit aynribiB .idub sinam nad hisagnep ,kiab gnay aynka - araitum natered itrepes aynigiG .abmus naselop apnat iksem naharem

( .)36 :5002,naska nawamreH nakanacnerem gnay tihapajaM irad hitap aham halada adaM hajaG

naujut nagned nahakinrep kitilop aynanacner aneraK .aratnasun nakutasrepmem

naka gnay naaigahabek anerak naaisunamek asar ikilimem gnaruk aid ,tubesret

hajaG nakhaB ,harad natual idajnem habureb ,nahakinrep iulalem nakaraggnelesid

nes aynnagnat nagned anaubaggniL ubarP hunubmem surah adaM .irid

atak ,adnigab padahgnem ayas aynbabes halutI .adnigaB ,ulud uggnuTrabedreb gnay adad irad raulek gnay ,rategreb araus nagned adaM hajaG -

ed .)461 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( rab

gnipmadnep irusiamrep iracnem gnay tihapajaM ajaR halada kuruwmayaH

ynpudih a. halasam ,aynnaajarek malad narepreb gnay ajaR gnaroes halada aiD

naidajek iraD .adaM hajaG adapek nakirebid aynhunepes aratnasun naasaukukek

irah id idajret gnay apa sata tujekret kuruW mayaH uti taas tabuB lageT id

rad natual idajnem gnay aynnahakinrep .ha

tubmaynem areges surah atik haknakuB ?tapet gnay taas ini haknakuB“hibeL ?gnatad gnay umat nup apais akubret gnay itah nad nagnat nagned -

halnakub ini ini hibel ukirusiamrep nolac naknialem ,asaib umat radekes)461 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ”.iridnes .

oN lev ajneS :akolatiP hayD D tihapajaM tignaL i levon nakapurem

kaynab gnaragneP .nauka ayag nakanuggnem gnay gnajnap golonom

helo liated araces nakatirecid kadit nahabmat hokoT .akolatiP hayD nakatirecnem

augnep iagabes aynah gnaragnep dih nanalajrep atirec t pu akolatiP hayD . araceS

gnay amatu hokot kitsiretkarak raseB sirag akolatiP hayD amanreb rabmagret


13

agit malad nasumur isnemid nad ,sikisp isnemid ,kisif isnemid ,utiay isnemid

.laisos

.a ( kisiF isnemiD sigoloisif )

nac gnay irtup gnaroes halada akolatiP hayD nagned ,atilej kit

.mala nagned utaynem gnay kisif narabmag

nad aynkadnup tililem gnay ednic artus niak gnadneleS gnujUiabmalem ayntubmar ialeh aparebeb - awaJ tuaL nigna puitid iabmal

amas agitiges nahaleb itrepes gnay ayngnudiH .natirub hara iradnem isis akubret tikides aynribib nad tual nigna nisa purihg


nagnadnap iges irad iukaid tagnas akolatiP hayD kisif narabmaG

.)sikuL uruJ iK( nahabmat hokot

hajaw id sirag paites amaskes nagned itamagnem sikuL uruJ iKsilA .akolatiP hayD tibas nalub nagnukgnel nagned , tubmel ayn

.nurunem kadit aguj ,kianem kadit ,askapanserK amil laggnatharemek sipit aynribiB - .abmus naselop apnat iksem naharem

.)36 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( .araitum natered itrepes aynigiG

agnem aynah sikuL uruJ iK alumeS id kitnacret atinaw awhab iuk gnay harajes gnatner malad aratnasuN id nakhab ,awaJ hanat igal utas iukagnem haluraB iniK .sedeD neK halada gnajnap utiaY .ahtimarapayndarP nagned arates aynnakitnacek gnay atinaw

rartiC antaR ,adnuS hanat irad dirtup gnaroes nawamreH( imse36 :5002 ,naskA - .)46

,akolatiP hayD patanem nasob hanrepkat gnay ,udaM hitaP

.)66 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( pagagret

irric nakumenem )sikuL uruJ iK( nahabmaT hokot aggniH - iric

.aynnakitnacek nakracnamem gnay ,akolatiP hayD kisif

uL uruJ iK habureb akolatiP hayD akiteK .kanejes paisekret sik aynsiteb audek nad kabisret pajekes aynniak ,aynkudud isisop sirayn gnay gnalimeg gninuk ayahac nakracnamem itrepes gnay irahatam ranis nikay sikuL uruJ iK .aynatam nakualiynem

hajaw apaynem aynah tubmel uti ayahac anam iraD .akolatiP hayD nakaureynem idat gnay akolatiP hayD siteb hakraneB ?lasareb


23

akolatiP hayD siteb , inik nikaY sikuL uruJ iK ,aY.ayahac .)26 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( uti ayahac rebmus haliridnes

.b sigolokisP isnemiD

oes halada akolatiP hayD aid ,ratnip nad kiab gnay irtup gnar

.utar gnaroes idajnem kutnu iggnit gnay ipmim ikilimem

hayD akubmem hanrep nakhab akolatiP – gnay natatac akub iridreb hanrep gnay iregen naikes irad awhab ,aynnamap ikilimid

upmerep nuputas ada hanrep kat ,adnuS hanat id hanrep gnay na.)6 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( utar idajnem

.irahatam maggneggnem ipmimreb ulales gnamem akolatiP hayD .anujra hajawreb gnay ikalel nagned gnidnasreb ,abmadnem aiD gnidnasreb akitek irahatam maggneggnem naka aid nikgnuM

araganasajaR gnaS nagned )9 :5002 , naska nawamreH( .

naksutumem surah aid ,akolatiP hayD naipmi ayniapacret imeD

naajarek naklaggninem kutnu irtup gnaroes idajnem kut adnuS naajareK id

.maladnem gnay nahidesek naklaggninem surah iksem ,tihapajaM

utaS - helelem gnineb naritub utas ,akolatiP hayD atam tudus irad id kuilem ,aynipip halebmem atamrep iatnu kutnebmem rilagnem hutaj ulal ,ugad id kanejes gnutnaggnem ,aynribib ratupes

kitit kutnebmem - nakgnapmelesid gnay gnadneles id hasab kititnawamreH( aynaraduyap aggnih kadnup iputunem :5002 ,naskA

.)921

,nupanamiagaB .aynatam tudus irad helelem atak naiatnu ilabmeK naklaggninem akolatiP hayD aynilakamatrep kutnu halini naklaggninem hanrep kadit aI aynmulebes ,nakhaB .ayniregen

pudih amales takel utigeb gnay asesiwaruS anatsI nagnukgnil .ayn idajnem halet aynpudih malad gnay asesiwaruS notadek ,aY melad

piruh udniwapis pudih nagnanetek nakirebmem gnay nitarek , :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ayninuhgnep arap adapek ,aynadapek

.)131

naka taas akolatiP hayD imalaid gnay hides asar nupikseM

aggninem hayD naigrepek malad nahidesek kilab iD .adnuS naajarek nakl

hisam gnay irtup gnaroes akolatiP hayD .utnetret naujut ikilimem akolatiP


33

.aynmuak nagned idajret gnay apa nakasarem gnay adum aisureb

nakitkubmem kutnu aynnaipmi halada akolatiP hayD naigrepeK awhab

,naajarek malad athatreb gnay irtup gnaroes idajnem tapad aynmuaK

ikal gnakaleb id narepreb gnay atinaw gnaroes aynah nakub - .ikal

aynup gnay iradadib idajnem nigni uka ipatet ,adnuB ,hisak amireTb libmas idnam gnanes gnay iradadib aynah kadit ,itra nad adnacre

awatret - patanem libmas ,akolatiP hayD tuhas ,agalet id awat payarem hadus aynaisu iksem kitnac patet natahilek gnay aynubi

.)021 :5002 ,naskA nawameH( daba hagnetes ujunem apateb naksikulem gnay sigart hasik tagni aguj akolatiP hayD

naupmerep aisret hisam ayniregen id - irtup gnaroes ada hasiklA .ais gnay apur naknialem ,nakitnacek ainurakreb kat gnay adnuS ajaR aggnihes tikaynep nakutuk anerak kisisreb gnay tiluk nad kurub aneraK .nahadniek irad huaj salej aynhubut hurules nad kutneb

nupmem ulam araduas ,aid itrepes natikaynepreb gnay araduas iay - nad hides asar nagneD .naajarek irad uti irtup risugnem aynaraduas nakrubecnem arac nagned irid hunub naidumek irtup gnas ,awecek igal ada nigni kat daketreb akolatiP hayD.nataleS tuaL id irid

pes gnegnod idajnem ayndaket mulebes ,inik naD .uti itre kutnu uti aumes naklaggninem surah akolatiP hayD ,naataynek nalaj hakraneB .iuhatek aid kat gnay utauses nagned idpagnem huaj gnay naujut haubes imed nupiksem ,hupmet id naka inik gnay

eH( ailum nad raseb hibel 301 :5002 ,naskA nawamr - .)401

akolatiP hayD naasarep,tihapajaM ujunem aynnanalajrep malaD

id aynpudih nagnanek naka maladnem gnay naasarep madnemem hisam

.adnuS hanaT

hamur naped id ,nalaj gnajnapes iD - iregeN taykar ,akerem hamurgnih ilawaK ialum ,adnuS gnopmak ag - ,aynhaduses nial gnupmak

iabmalem - adad ihunemem naaribmegek nagned nagnat nakiabmal dirtup agomes ,aod nagned ratnagnem asib aynah akereM .akerem

.naaigahabek hakreb helorepmem naka akerem ak ,akerem nagnat naiabmal salabmem ulales akolatiP hayD gnad

acakreb suret gnay atam nagned - aynah aynatam alup gnadaK .acakpata patanem puggnas - nakaynabek gnzy akerem hamur pata

kutnebreb aped kadab aguj nad kapagn gnaluj ,naska nawamreh(.)431 :5002


43

kerem ikak nakajnignem adnus iregen irad nagnobmor haleteS id a

naka hadni gnay utauses naknignignem akolatiP hayD ,tihapajaM hanat

.idajret

iregeN id gnatad aid awhab nakkujnunem nigni akolatiP hayD naknialem ,nakiregnem gnay utauses kutnu halnakub tihapajaM

gnem aynitah iksem ,uti aneraK .hadni gnay utauses imed kageleg .idapurd idajnem kutnu nahatreb patet aid ,idnakirS idajnem kutnu anasubreb nupiksem idnakirS iagabes pakisreb aynkadites uatA

.)022 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( idapurD

.c sigoloisoS isnemiD

D .adnuS iregeN id naajarek agraulek irad rihalret akolatiP hayD ai

.anaubaggniL ajaR irad irtup gnaroes

gnay ridkat tupmejnem halet akolatiP hayD ,uti rumit hara iD aynigab itadneK .aynhaya ,anaubaggniL ubarP gnaS naksiragid halebret naka uata hutu naka irahatam irah kose hakapa itsap muleb

nay apais ,ainud igab ,hA . a kat g irtup iagabes akolatiP hayD nak atkitnawaliW iregeN id agnub idajnem naka aiD ?gnutnureb gnay

.)5 :5002 ,naska nawamreH( aynnaayajek ianamrepet kat gnay

arosinuB imubukgnaM aynnamaP nagned taked akolatip hayD

.naitahrep hunep nad tubmel tagnas gnay

hayD atak adnamaP ,”anas id paleg gnay utauses ada asarem ukA“.irah utaus akolatiP

patanem ,atnicret namap gnas ,itapidaruS arosinuB imubukgnaM muynesret ayntuluM .hisakret aynnakanopek tubmel .imser artiC siluE , ipmim agnub aynaH“ .nakgnanenem

layacreP atik adap irad uhat hibel ajarahaM adnigaB ,ha.)4 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( arosinuB tubmel rutut”,aumes

asarem akolatiP hayD ,arosinuB namaP gnaS natubmelek aneraK

.aynnamap hamur ek gnujnukreb kutnu namayn

tak ,ajas namap hamurek tuki ukA ?anam iraD namaP libmas aynakosogid aynipiP .arosinuB nagnel id ajnam tuyagreb - ek nakkosog

namalah itawelem nalajreb aynaudeK .aynnamap hitup habuj gnayhgnaS isis naigab irusuynem ,asesiwaruS notareK naped


53

nakrageynem uajih gnay tupmur nagnapal haubes ,ratadayaMned ,atam halebes id agnub sinej iagabreb udrep nasirab nag -

anatsi agajnep nakusap aparebeB .aynhagnet id nalaj halebeynemagajreb - nagnat id iasirep nad nanak nagnat id kabmot nagned agaj

.)51 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH irik

D ,arosinuB namaP nagned namayn asarem aneraK akolatiP hay

.uti taas aynnakasarid gnay apa nakraulegnem uam

rihka numalem ulales kok siluE“ - ”?ini rihka .aynatreb kilab halam aiD .bawajnem gnusgnal kat akolatiP hayD .”?iyab is adap hapmutret aynah hisak aumes gnarakes apaneK

ayDtubmar ialebmem arosinuB hisak hunep nagned akolatiP h ini ilak parahreb utigeb umubi nad amar anerak nikgnuM“ .gnayas aparebeb nugetret akolatiP hayD ”.gnajnap rumureb asib ayniyab aud ikilimem hanrep gnamem aid awhab tagni kat sirayn aiD .taas

utreb laggninem naidumek gnay ,kida tur - amas aisu malad turut -51 :5002 naska nawamreH( nuhat utas amas - .)61

patanem ilabmek arosinuB ”.uti itrepes hisak hilip ulrep kat ipaT“

ikal gnaroes aid anerak hakapA“ .akolatiP hayD tubmel - ”?ikalabit akolatiP hayD habmat - ekret arosinuB ini ilaK .abit aynikaK .tuj

akitek turekreb ayngnineK .itnehreb aggnatid kapanem hadus gnay awhab ayacrep kat asar adA .aynnakanopek hajaw itamagnem ,namaP nak raneB“ .uti itrepes narikip iaynupmem akolatiP hayD

ikal aid anerak - abit akolatiP hayD habmaT ”?ikal - mreH( abit nawa.)61 :5002 ,naskA

namaP , akolatiP hayD imalaid gnay nahaserek nakhilagnem kutnU

kutnu tilus ayntaubmem gnay naaracibmep nakhilagnem arosinuB

.akolatiP hayD naaynatrep bawajnem

k aynup namaP id urab nakub gnamem ,urab bati ,aynduskaM .taubnilasid urab batik iskelok irad - irad amiretid uraB .amal batik

!kiysA“ .awaJ hanat ek arabmegnem ajas urab gnay namap tabahas ”?ukkutnu aynnakacabmem nakuaM ?namaP ,apa gnatnet hasiK nad umnaacab racnalrepmem nailakeS .ulud acab aboc umaK“

eb iridnes namaP .aynasahab hacniL ”.aynacabmem iaseles mulaggnat itacnol akolatiP hayD ,gnajik kana itrepes - notadeK aggnat

gnaur itawelem ,malad ek ubreynem gnusgnal ,kinaM imuB arosinuB kilim acab gnaur ek soborenem gnusgnal nad ,hagnet

61 :5002 , naskA nawamreH( - .)71


63

et lah iraD aynnamap nagned umetreb gnires akolatiP hayD tubesr

.aynnamap gnipmas id namayn nakasarem akolatiP hayD .arosinuB

nagned naitahrep gnaruk aynaut gnaro audek asarem aid aneraK

id gnay halada akolatiP hayD narikip malad satnilret gnaY .aynnapudihek

naknigni lada aynaut gnaro audek irad ikal kana na - hayD aggniH .ikal

ujunem adnuS iregeN naklaggninem kutnu naksutumem akolatiP

idajnem kutnu irusiamrep nahilimep malad hilipret aid anerak tihapajaM

amrep agabes aid aynhilipret iraD .kuruwmayaH riles ipret gnay irusi ,hil

latiP hayD o asib atinaw awhab aynnahaserek nakdujuwem nigni ak

.ajar gnaroes aynkayal itrepes narepreb gnay utar idajnem

.2.1.4 rulA

levon malad iD ajneS :akolatiP hayD D tihapajaM tignaL i ripmah ,

tireC .ujam uata fisegorp rula nakanuggnem nahurulesek rilagnem ayna

adap ipateT .naturureb araces ayntukireb napahat ek napahat utas irad

t paha - id atirec ,utnetrnet pahat hsalf uata kilab toros gnanegnem kutnu kcab

.ulal gnay atirec

levon malad rulA ajneS :akolatiP hayD D tihapajaM tignaL i tapad

adap nakturuid pahat - :tukireb iagabes sigolonork araces pahat

.a T naisautiynep paha s( noitauti .)

ianegnem nakatirecnem gnaragnep aynalum lawa ini pahat adaP

gnay naped asam gnatnet akolatiP hayD helo nakasarid halet gnay apa

.itsap kadit et gnay itrepes aynsalej hibel kutnU tukireb hotnoc adap tapad

.ini


73

hadus gnay ,iratnem gnas bisan itrepes kat asarem akolatiP hayD haubes ipadahgnem hagnet aiD .igap kose ilabmek naka itsap naka aid nikgnuM .itsap kadit aynhuggnuses gnay napedasam

aN .igap kose hakerem gnay rajaf gnosgnoynem aguj nikgnum numf aynigab af halada raja .)2 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( anagromat

,tihapajaM naajareK nagned akolatiP hayD namugakek naidumeK

iregen idajnem asib licek ased irad anerak .raseb gnay malaD

aka gnay atnic nakasarem muleb akolatiP hayD aynnamugakek .inalaj aid n

narabmag nakgnayabmem aynah aiD - arabmag tihapajaM iregeN naka n

id gnay .awaJ hanat irad nasutu helo naksalej

gnay tihapajaM natabehek imugagnem akolatiP hayD isis utas iD irad amlejnem hadus asrawasad mane irad hibel kat utkaw malad

sed haubes raseb iregen idajnem satnarB iagnuS taked id licek a nawamreH( aratnapiwD hurules id iukaid aynhuragnep gnay

.)97 :5002 ,naskA

,kuruwmayaH irad nagnanip amirenem uam akolatiP hayD aggniH kutnu ijnajreb nad aynitah malad iksem ,kiab gnay irtsi idajnem

sam tapadret ahi .naugarek iD naupmerep idajnem asib nikay a asar naktabilem muleb patet itadnek aites gnay irtsi ,amatu


.b T kilfnok nalucnumep paha g( gnitarene c secnatmucri )

ek naitahrep irad lawareb ini pahaT iP hayD aut gnaro aud akolat

ikal araduas ikilimem aid kajnemes gnarukreb nikames gnay - hayD .ikal

akus aynautgnaro audek anerak anatsi irad gnisaret asarem akolatiP

ikal kida nagned niamreb - .aynikal

nad hayA .aynnakitahrepmem gnay nuputas ada kat hamur iDmreb akus hibel aynubi gnay ikalel iyaB .iyab is nagned nia

aggnihes licek aisunam kosos aynawemitsi apA .naklabeynem aynusgnub kida kajeS ?aynirid naadarebek nakpaynelem puggnas asarem akolatiP hayD ,ulal nalub aparebeb rihal ,gnaralaggnA

002 ,naskA nawamreH( aynanatsi id gnisa .)41 :5


83

hisak naadebrep ada gnamem awhab asarem nikam akolatiP hayDhibeL .aynaut gnaro audek nakhapmilid gnay gniyas - haletes hibel

,akesihba nagned ajar idajnem adusiwid ,anaubaggniL ,haya gnas ubarP nakitnaggnem ,anaubaggniL ajaR ahaM ubarP raleg

ggnar kaynab bibel patet ,gninsiL araL iweD ,aynubI .ayluma urab gnay anacnakutsaW ,aynkida adapek naitahrep nakirebmem

.)13 :5002 , naskA nawamreH( nuhat agit aisureb

akolatiP hayD ,aynagraulek atam id gnisaret asarem aneraK

aynirid itaj iracnem kutnu abocnem taaS .naajarek naklaggninem nagned

gnalihgnem akolatiP hayD anerak haser tagnas aynautgnaro audek uti

.akerem nauhategnepes apnat

notadeK ujunem nalaj tulum id nignireb nohop nagnayab aggniH ,ayniggnit ilak agit iapmas aud gnajnamem nikam asesiwaruS

hayD uhat gnay ada kaT .anatsi ek ilabmek aguj muleb akolatiPgnayad aguJ .anamek - ,naskA nawamreH( aynhusagnep gnayad

.)72 :5002 nakgnalihgnem abocid haduS .hadnug ilabmek aynitaH

lis hitalreb nagned uti nahadnugek id ipat ,aynnamap raggnas id ta a .lisahreb kat ,sakgnir gnay nahital naiakapreb nagned hisam akaM

,naskA nawamreH( anatsi nagnukgnil irad raulek panileynem ai)03 :5002 .

aynlawagnep arap nakhatniremem areges anaubaggniL ubarP gnaS alages ulrep ualaK .ilawaK atoK ubI tudus alages id iracnem kutnu

tudus nahenaek tahilem ajarahaM ubarP amal haduS .iregengnanesreb nakuB .aynirtup - ,aynhusagnep arap amasreb gnanes

niamreb - hayD ,kitabmem nad nunenem rajaleb nuket uata ,niam nawamreH( aynnamap akatsup gnaur id iridneynem gnires akolatiP

.)82 :5002 ,naskA

hayD P adnuS ajaR irtup sigart hasik tagnignem hanrep aguj akolati

awreb gnay inaret akerem aggnih ,kurub haj amiret id asib kadit anerak aya

araduas helo - ada nigni kat daketreb akolatiP hayD aggniheS .aynaraduas

mem aid aggnih ,ayniregen id igal nakulamem gnegnod aynanacner nakriki

.itsap muleb gnay

itrepes nakulamem gnegnod igal ada kat daketreb akolatiP hayD akolatiP hayD ,naataynek idajnem ayndaket mulebes inik naD .uti


93

utauses adapek idpagnem kutnu uti aumes naklaggninem surahA nawamreH( iuhatek aid kadit gnay .)40 :5002 ,nask

.c r( kilfnok natakgninep pahaT gnisi a noitc )

aparebeb ,aynlawagnep helo nakumetid akolatiP hayD haleteS

akerem naujuT .tihapajaM naajarek irad nasutu umat ada naidumek utkaw

siamrep iracnem kutnu halada as malaD .akerem ajar kutnu iru ey arabm

nu nipmadnep iracnem kut ,ajar g ka nikay akolatiP hayD a iagabes hilipid n

amanreb gnay tihapajaM asaugnep gnitnusrepid naka gnay nahilip irtuP

arac aratna ,gnabmib akolatiP hayD taubmem tubesret laH .kuruwmayaH

.tihapajaM ajar kut irusiamrep nahilimep

hayD ihunepid hisam aynnarikip ,bawajnem areges kat akolatiP arac nahukgnaek taguggnem kutnu nanigniek aratna nagnabmibek tarsah nad tihapajaM ajaR nakukalid gnay irusiamrep nahilimep asib naka aid awhab aynirid nanikayek nakitkubmem kutnu

ab naikes nakhisiynem audeK .aynnasala nupapA .nagnias kayn - nawamreH( aynnaasarep naktabilem muleb ilakes amas aynaud

.)06 :5002 ,naskA

,tihapajaM ajaR ignipmadnem kutnu irusiamrep nahilimep malaD

akolatiP hayD ipatet nakA .nahilip irtup idajnem akolatiP hayD aynrihka

k asarem gnay anaubaggniL ubarP aynhaya nasutupek nagned ujutes gnaru

atinaw ialepmem ujutes surah .tihapajaM naajareK id gnatad

ubarP aynaT”?amar nasutupek nagned aigahab kat akolatiP siluE“ ,kanejes aynhajaw takgnagnem aynah akolatiP hayD .anaubaggniL

dumek ipat apagnem ipaT“ .aynnapatat igal nakhutajnem nai ?tihapajaM iregeN id nakanaskalid surah uti nahakinrep aracapu

itsitabrup raggnalem uti haknakuB - nakhab ,adnuS iregeN itajabrup nawamreH( ?aratnarep oretnaes id nahakinrep isidart raggnalem

)09 :5002 ,naskA . “ amaR ,ipaT licek nupiksem , , m ini iregen gnay irid agrah ikilime

.iggnit nakhab rajajes gnay naratat malad adareb atik iregeNadgid gnay atkitawliW nagned )19 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ”.ay .


04

.d T skamilk paha )xamilc(

m akolatiP hayD naipmi idajnem halet gnay apA ,anris idajne

id nagnarepep idajnem habureb nakipmi aid gnay naaigahabek haletes

anacner halada tubesret aynnahakinrep duskam ataynreT .tabuB lageT

aratnasuN nakutasrepmem kutnu nayobmesreb gnay adaM hajaG hitaP

kgnelrep nagneD .tihapajaM naasaukek hawabid apnat nad aynadaes napa

utas adnuS airtasek arap aynrihka naD .gnarepreb kutnu atajnes napaisrep

nahidesek haluti taaS .anaubaggniL ubarP aggnih ,gnapmut utasrep

gnay signat kasi aggnih hapmutret akolatiP hayD maladnem

.nakhapmutret

gnuletret akolatiP hayD .aynhaya gnuggnup kulemem pukgnacnugreb aynkadnuP - adait gnay nahidesek nahanem gnacnug

nahatret gnay signat kasI .arat - nad naiynusek nakhacemem nahat .atnic asar ikilimem hisam gnay akerem adad nakhacemem

nuS airtasek aumes ,iniK .aynitah akud halanrupmeS raneb ad - aumes haletes ,atnicret aynhaya kusamret ,asisreb kat sapmut raneb kat harad aggnih ayniregen natamrohek alebmem gnuratreb

.)113 :5002 ,naska nawamreH( akerem hubut id igal rilagnem

nad akolatiP hayD halaynah uti narupmetrep malad asisret gnaY

k id akolatiP hayD ,akerem laggnit asisret gnay taaS .aynhusagnep aude

nakanaskalem uam raga aynnagned tuki kutnu adaM hajaG hitaP kaja

nad maladnem gnay nahidesek nagned akolatiP hayD numaN .nahakinrep

k adaM hajaG hitaP nakaja kalonem aid ,nawalem asib kat anera

kutnu aynah nakrucnahid adnuS iregeN natamrohek nakasarem

.adaM hajaG kitilop nagnitnepek

,ukhaya hunubmem gnay gnaroes nagned niwak naka kat ukAs kat ,tujekret adaM hajaG .aynkasi asis aratnaid akolatiP hayD tuha

abit anamiagab uhat - hayD nagnat abit maggneggnem akolatiP


14

naka dirtup gnas hakapA .mertap kucupeS .ualikreb gnay utauses hayD nagnat id mertnap gnuju ,numaN?nanawalrep nakukalem naknialem ,namaggneg malad adareb kadit akolatiP hunubmem gnay araganasajaR irS nakub ,irtuP nauT.aynkilabes

mhaya nauT hal hasu kat uti aneraK .adaM hajaG atak,ayas ipat ,uais aynharad nksetenem irtuP - nikgnum ukharad setet utaS “ .ais

nagalaP id ukharad aynrilagnem ipat ,ukirid kutnu itrareb aynahgnaro aynhukuk adnat iagabes gnanek id naka tabuB - adnuS gnaro

atrepmem iumenem lagag uka nikgnuM .aynnatamrohek naknahatic - ini licek hakgnal anerak aigahab uka numaN .ukatic naka

imak iregen igab itrareb ( .)213 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH

aynirid nakidbagnem kutnu naksutumem akolatiP hayD haleteShayD aynrihkA .adnuS hanat adapek kutnu nasutupek libmagnem

.aynhusagnep agitek atreseb aynhaya itrepes nabrokreb abitt akitek rategreb akolatiP hayD nagnat id mertnaP - abit

hayD kairet ”!adnuS iregeN uyahagriD“ .kabisret tihapajaMnalep ,rategreb ribib nagned akolatiP - mertnap gnuju nalep kaselem

itah ulu ek )213 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ayn .

3.1.4 rataL

rusnu agit pukacnem rataL rusnu utiay ,gnitnep .anasaus nad utkaw ,gnaur

gnisaM - .tukireb agabes naksalejid naka rusnu gnisam

.a tapmet rataL

ej nagned gnaur rusnu narabmag nakirebmem gnaragneP levon malad sal

,tihapajaM tignaL id ajneS :akolatiP hayD tapmet naktubeynem nagned -

nagnaur nad tapmet - iD .adnuS iregeN nagnukgnil malad adareb gnay nagnaur

.atirec lawa imalagnem akolatip hayD haluti iregen

ret napap adap tutul kukenem kudud akolatiP hayD aggnat iggnit nanugnab utas halas ,kinaM anacnaK irS anatsi utnip ujunem uyak gnajnaP .asesiwaruS notadeK ,amatu anatsi halebes id nitarek nagned amas hisam raul gnawal irad huaj kat nignireb nohop

.)21 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ayniggnit

m nalajreb aynaudeK ,asesiwaruS notadeK naped namalah itawele nagnapal haubes ,ratadayaM gnayhgnaS isis naigab irusuynem udrep nasirab nagned atam nakrageynem uajih gnay tupmur

.)51 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( agnub sinej iagabreb


24

levon malad adnuS iregeN gnipmas iD akolatiP hayD : ajneS D tignaL i

aM tihapaj rusnu nakatirecnem aguj .tihapajaM iregeN id tapadret gnay gnaur

id kaga katelret iksem ,nuggna iridreb tihapajaM nahitapeK iruP aynah gnay harem atab ragap ignililek iD .naluwareT atok riggnip

j gnay arupag nagned ,adad satabes uti irup ,anahredes aynah agu rilagnem ,irup nanak halebes iD .asaib hamur iapureynem hibel hibel namaladek nagned ,kabmot mane ratikes rabel nagned lanak uharep auD .nalep rilagnem hinrej gnay aynriA .kabmotes irad

sam gnuyadid ,tabmal nagned ujalem licek gni - gnaro aud gnisam)731 :5002 ,naskA nawamreh( .

kaget igl kat aynranis tignal kacnup irad rilugreb hadus irahataM igab tagneynem asaret hisam ipat ,hanat gnadib padahret surul hayD husagnep agit kusamret ,akereM .adnuS iregeN nagnobmor

s hibel ,akolatiP gnisam naharggnasep malad id gnudnilreb aku - gnay tabuB lageT id anahredes uyak nanugnab natered ,gnisam nupanam iregen irad umat nagnobmor igab nakaidesid gnamem

.)371 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ayngnatad

naktubesid ,tihapajaM nad adnuS iregeN hayaliw raul iD haread aguj -

hayaliw 8 irad iridret gnay tihapajaM iasaukid gnay haread .

audek hayaliW .oayilaG nad arudaM ,awaJ halada amatrep hayaliW ,ibmaJ ,gnabmelaP ,gnupmaL inkay saladnA hurules itupilem ,sawhaK ,sidnaK ,ayarsamraD ,obeT arauM ,gnatieraK

uabakgnaniM ,uraH ,epmaK ,enaP ,rapmaK ,nakeR ,kaiS , ,iasaP ardumaS ,sawaL ,taraB ,kalreP ,gnaimaT ,gniliadnaM ualuP hurules ,agitek hayaliW .suraB nad ,matnaB ,irumaL ,aggnilatuK ,tipmaS ,nignitAK ,saupaK itupilem ,aragengnujnaT

dgnadeK ,iawaL ,sabmaS ,nigniraW atoK ,kadnaL ,nagna ,risaP ,toloS ,gnudulaS aklaK ,ienurB ,udeS ,meriT ,gnademaS gnujnaT nad ,ualanaM ,iatuK gnujnaT ,gnolabaT ,ukubeS ,otiraB itupilem ,akalaM gnujnanemeS hurules ,tapmeek hayaliW .iruP ,natnaleK ,gnawmiaS ,akusakgneL ,inideM gnujuh ,gnahaP

erT gnayH gnaS ,kisamuT ,nugnuD ,raumakaP ,rogaN ,unaggn amilek hayaliW .nariN nad ,pajnaK ,ereJ ,hadeK ,gnaleK ,gnujuH ,nuruG ,hajagawL ,uludeB ,ilaB itupilem ,liceK adnus hurules ,iladeK ,natuH ,mareS ,amiB ,ipA gnayH gnaS ,ipaS ,gnawilaT

kasaS ,hariM kobmoL ,maneek hayaliW .romiT nad ,abmuS , ,ajarakamadU ,uwuL ,nayatnaB itupilem ,isewaluS hurules hayaliW .roloS nad ,ayalaS ,rinuK ,iaggnaB ,notuB ,rasakaM nad ,nobmA ,nadnaW ,arauM itupilem ,ukulaM hurules ,hujutek


34

nairI hurules ,napaledek hayaliw naD .etanreT ,taraB naigab ,naskA nawamreH( natales id nareS nad aratu id ninO itupilem

741 :5002 - .)841

.b rataL utkaW

levon malad utkaw rusnU S :akolatiP hayD ajne D tihapajaM tignaL i ini

t awitsirep nagned aynnatiak uata napak ianegnem salej araces naktubesid utnetre

.ini tukireb naksalejid gnay itrepes

tuaL .akaC 9721 nuhat ardaB naluB ,askapanserK 3 laggnaThiub naklaggninem kabisret - nahuajek iD .gnajnamem hitup hiub

same anraw naklutnamem ,ubalek acak itrepes tual naakumreppaisreb gnay irahatam - em ,iynubmesreb pais aynnanalajrep irihkagn

.)1 :5002 ,naskA nawamreh( irahes

kudud akolatiP hayD .akaC 0721 nuhat akitraK nalub id irah utauS utnip ujunem uyak aggnat iggnitret napap adap tutul kukenem halebes id notarek nanugnab utas halas ,kinaM anacnaK irS anatsi

u anatsi .)31 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( asesiwaruS notadaK ,amat

akolatiP hayD ,akaC 3791 nuhat ,anuglaP nalub id irah utauS aguJ .anamek uhat gnay ada kaT .anatsi ek ilabmek aguj muleb

gnayad - .)72 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( aynhusagnep gnayad

nawarS nalub id irah utauS hasab hisam igaP .akaC 9721 nuhat ,a anatsIek ilabmek udaM hitaP akitek malames najuh ria asis helo igniriid aid ini ilak adnuS iregen atokubi ,ilawaK id asesiwaruS itep kaynab gnotoggnem nad lukimem gnay gnaro nasutar


laggnaT .akaC 9721 nuhat ardaB nalub ,askapanserK saleb agit ubarP .rajaf ayahac helo tarubmes urab tabub lageT sata id tignaL raneb amal muleb aynhuggnuses anaubaggniL ajarahaM irahatam aggnih uggnunem uam kat ai ipat ,atam nakmajemem

bi ek nanalajreP .gnalejnem pukuc nakamem naka nikgnum atok u :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ikak nalajreb aynah akj utkaw kaynab

.)521

.c laisos rataL

gnay anasauS nem malad isanimod n levo ajneS :akolatiP hayD D i

tihapajaM tignaL us halada id gnay hasileg nad hides anasa hokot imala


44

ynada anerak lida gnaruk asarem anerak nakbabesid gnay nagnacnogek a

alad nimrecret tubesret isidnoK .napudihek naka kilfnok m - nitab kilfnok

id gnay gnay hokot imala id gnay pudih naataynek tahilem tagnas imala

gnay apa awhab irid nakitkubmem nigni hokot naD .naktikaynem

hainamsaj araces ikseM .habu aid asib uti aynpudih malad nakridkatid

aynnaataynek malad numan ,naajarek agraulek irad rihalret akolatiP hayD

narep tahilem anerak nitab nanaket imalagnem akolatiP hayD muak awah

id gnaruk hisam adnuS iregeN id aneraK .paggna akolatiP hayD uti lah

tapad aid awhab nakitkubmem nigni nad aynitah malad naksagenem

ikal gnaroes itrepes aynkayales narepreb - .ikal

akolatiP hayD atak ”,anas id paleg gnay utauses ada asarem ukA“.)4 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( irah utaus

M nikam akolatiP hayD awhab asare hisak naadebrep ada gnamem

yas a ,naskA nawamreH( aynautgnaro audek nakhapmilid gnay gn.)13 :5002

gnay yapmis ilat idajnem kutnu lagag asarem akolatiP hayD takignem gnay ilat itrepes ,utas idajnem naparah alages takignem

gnalut - alek nuad gnalut nawamreH( nautasek utas idajnem ap412 : 5002 ,naskA - .)512

levon malaD tihapajaM tignaL id ajneS :akolatiP hayD isgnufreb ratal ,

gnay utnetret naadaek uata anasaus naknimrecnem utiay ,rohpatem iagabes

latiP hayD hokot lanretni anasaus nagned nagnubuhreb idajnem rataL .ako

gnay hokot nakapurem akolatiP hayD ikseM .hokot nitab naadaek iskeyorp

em gnadnapid ,iggnit gnay atsak ikilim naranebek nakfianem kadit akolatiP hayD

nakukalem kutnu kalojegreb ayntaubmem gnay ini itah arauS .aynitah araus

.nahaburep


54

hayD hadus gnay ,iratnem gnas bisan itrepes kat asarem akolatiP naped asam haubes ipadahgnem hadus aiD .igap kose ilabmek itsap gnosgnoynem naka aid nikgnuM .itsap kadit aynhuggnuses gnay aguj nikgnum numaN .igap kose hakerem naka nikgnum gnay rajaf

af aynigab )2 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( anagrom atkaf halaynah raj .

aguj ratal ,hokot nitab lanretni anasaus naknimrecnem gnipmas iD

gnay nanimod isome utiay ,atirec malad utnetret anasaus nakatpicnem isgnufreb

nakispirksedid kadit uti anasauS .tubesret levon ikusarem gnusgnal araces

nitab kilfnok ipakiynem malad naknarasret gnay utauses naknialem hayD .uti

P t gnay anasaus aggnihes ,iridneynem gnay gnaroes idajnem akolati halada idajre

narabmag satitnedi k nad satitnedi nagnugnibe pudih ipadahgnem akolatiP hayD

esid gnay .aynpudih ipakiynem malad nakasar ai halet gnay apa anerak nakbab

2.4 rutkurtS ratnA nanilajreteK N levo ajneS :akolatiP hayD D tignaL i

tihapajaM

levon sisilana malaD hayD ajneS :akolatiP D tihapajaM tignaL i ,ini

ipmanem naka itilenep u nanilajretek nakl rusn ay hokot irad iridret gn nad

nahokonep rula , , nad ratal em gnay utas idajn natalubek kutnebmem gnay naigab

.levon ankam

malaD m id gnay lawa hasik nakatirecnem gnaragnep atirec nakdujuwe

sikul nakrabmaggnem nagned nak amatu hokot y naadaek narabmag nagned gna

ayngnililekes id ada levon malad hokoT . tignaL iD ajneS :akolatiP hayD

tihapajaM .tubesret levon atirec malad hasik inalajnem gnay ukalep halada ini

reP malad rula na levon tihapajaM tignaL iD ajneS :akolatiP hayD tagnas

gnalut nakapurem rulA .gnitnep tagnas aguj rula uti nialeS .atirec gnuggnup

malaD .hokot gnukudnem napahat paites - id rula napahat nakrabmag


64

ep nahalasamr - id gnay nahalasamrep adebreb gnay natakgnit nagned hokot imala -

lA .nahalasamrep ukalep nakapurem amatu hokot iagabes akolatiP hayD .adeb ru

.levon malad ada gnay hokot arap inalaj id gnay hasik nagned nakiauseynem

levon malaD akolatiP hayD : ajneS D tihapajaM tignaL i aguj ratal ,ini

irahes hokot sativitka nakpakgnugnem tapad rataL .hokot gnukudnem tagnas - ,irah

,hokot nitab lanretni anasaus irahes nanimod isome nakatpicnem nad - nialeS .irah

.idajret gnades gnay nagnukgnil isidnok nakrabmaggnem aguj ratal uti

nanilajretek awhab nakatakid tapad ,sata id tubesret naiaru nakrasadreB

hokot aratna nahokonep nad ,rula , ratal nad malad gnudnakret gnay levon hayD

tihapajaM tignaL iD ajneS :akolatiP utas kutnebmem aggnihes tare tagnas

.hutu nad turu gnay nautasek

3.4 satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI amatU hokoT

et nakanuggnem silunep ,ini sisilana malaD iro T .noskirE sisilanaokisp iroe

sisilanaokisp rE gnem noski nakanug rasad okisp .laisos ini lah malaD udividni

ahgnem id surah gnay sisirk utaus ipad halnakub ini sisirk ,noskirE igaB .ipadah

natakgninep nad nanatnerek natakgninep kilab kitit utaus ipatet ,anacneb utaus

nem lisahreb udividni nikameS .isnetop tahes nikames naka ,sisirk isatag

.akerem nagnabmekrep levon malaD D ajneS :akolatiP hayD tihapajaM tignaL i

hat noskirE iroet akanuggnem itilenep ini ek gnay pa - nad satitnedi“ ianegnem amil

”satitnedi nagnugnibek 01 rumu gnatner malad - nuhat 02 besret pahaT . tu

d udividni nakpadahgnem hayD anamiagab ,akolatiP hayD apais naumet nagne

arik akolatiP - malad ujunem naka akolatiP hayD anamek nad ,aynitnan arik

.aynnapudihek


74

narabmag ini tukireB malad rumu gnatner nagnabmekrep sisilana naawijek

id gnay akolatiP hayD ag noskirE laisosokisp sisilana malad nakrabm lebat malaD .

nakitkubmem kutnu ini 01 rumu gnatner ikusamem akolatiP hayD rumu - 02

.nuhat

1.3.4 napareneP hayD naawijek nagnabmekrep malad noskirE iroeT

akolatiP

akolatiP hayD apaiS .

noskirE arik anamiagaB - aynitnan akolatiP hayD aynarik .

eK malad ujunem naka akolatiP hayD anam

.aynnapudihek

aisureb hisam gnay adnuS naajarek irtup gnaroes halada akolatiP hayD

d anaubaggniL ubarP irad itah haub halada aiD .nuhat 81 aisureb araL iweD na

.uti asam adnus naajarek nipmimem gnay irtup nad ajar akapurem gnay gninsiL

irad gnatad gnay umat nagned naklanekrepid akolatiP hayD ini hasik malaD

jaM .tihapa ini lah malaD satitnedi satitnedi nagnugnibek nad nakrabmagid

lah malad hayD apais akolatiP .

,adnuS hanat nahurulesek irtup aguj , ayas irtup akolatip hayD ini ,haN sipalreb gnay aynatokham nagned anaubaggniL ajarahaM ubarP pacu ihad aggnih alapek putunem radnub kutnebreb amatu naigab nagned ,same


latiP hayD gnay irtup gnaroes ako nad nijar batik acabmem akus - gnay batik

aid hanrep muleb gnay batik aums pahalem naka daketreb aiD .aynnamap ikilimid

acab tukireB .utkaw apul gnires akolatiP hayD acabmem gnanes anerak nakhaB .

.aynnapituk ini akukalid gnay apa numaN dujuw nakapurem akolatiP hayD n

.aynkida nakrikimem hibel aynautgnaro audek asarem anerak aid aynnahasilegek


84

ini lah malaD satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedi kapman anamiagab hayD

aynagraulek naadaek ipaggnanem akolatiP .

acabmem hanrep hadus akolatiP hayD kilim batik luduj aparebebhasik isireb gnay amaturet ,aynnamap - ayag nagned nakbujkanem hasik

aid taas utaus ,daketreb uti sidaG .imahap ai asib gnay anahredes nasilunep aid ,ukub ipadahgnem hadus aid ualaK .uti batik aumes pahalem naka

apul ulales gnamem 02 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( utkaw - .)12

ek naayacrepek nagned gnabmib asarem akolatip hayD - aynautgnaro audhaloes gnay - kutnu nakparahid kadit naupmerep kana paggnagnem halo

nakparahid hibel aynitrepes gnaralaggnA .akerem napudihek isignem( aynirid adapirad .)81 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH

akolatiP hayD tapad kutnu naipmi ikilimem gnay irtup gnaroes halada

” nem irahatam maggnegg idajnem upmam awah muak awhab nakitkubmem ”

naajarek malad narepreb gnay kososes id halet aiD . nagned nakhodoj ajar gnaroes

gnay akitnawaliW akolatiP hayD .naasaukek gnagemem gnay airtasek nakapurem

tapad naka inikayem “ irahatam maggneggnem ” gnaS nagned gnidnasreb aid alib

.araganasajaR ini laH malaD satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedi akolatiP hayD

naknakenem anamiagab .aynnaipmi nad atnic

yD aiD .irahatam maggneggnem ipmimreb ulales gnamem akolatiP ha aid nikgnuM .anujrA hajawreb gnay ikalel nagned gnidnasreb abmadnem gnaS nagned gnidnasreb akitek irahatam maggneggnem naka gnay ikalel halada aid ,amiret akolatiP hayD gnay rabaK .araganasajaR

t irad anujrA nagned nagned arates kat nikgnuM .arikret kat aynnapma ,numaN .ayar tagaj id ikalel hurapes aynnapmat gnay ,anas udniH hanat ,naskA nawamreH( aratnapiwD id amatu airtasek halada araganasajaR

.)9 :5002

gnidnasreb ipmimreb akolatiP hayD nupikseM araganasajaR gnaS nagned

kutnu aynnaipmi imed “ .irahatam maggneggnem ” mugak naasarep ikilimem aiD

amanreb gnay airp gnaroes nagned gnusgnal araces aynipadahid gnay apa nagned

aduyariW anaubaggniL ubarP lawagnep . ini lah malaD nad satitnedi


94

edi nagnugnibek satitn naka nakpadahid akolatiP hayD anamiagab aynnaasarep .

iggnit gnilap aynrumU .aynhaya lawagnep salikes patanem akolatip hayD .naasawedek utaus nakkapmanem hadus aynhajaw numaN ,nuhat 91 urab

kgnap satabes aynah ujab kilab id ,aynadad nad nagnel totO .nagnel la :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( iynubmesret gnay nataukek naktahilrepmeM

.)04

id gnay apa nagned mugak nialeS mugak aguj akolatiP hayD ,ayntahil

ed id gnay gnilus adan nanula nagn gnay aynhaya lawagnep helo nakniam

atiP hayD .aynagajnem kutnu nakhatnirepid adan asarem akol - gnay gnilus adan

tubmel iaubmem aduyariW helo nakniamid utauses naka aynitah gnuler malad

.atirec satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI ianegnem anamiagab nagnasgnar

.gnilures nalula haubes irad hubmut uti naasarep

adaN - nad ,tubmel uti adan gnay itah irad raulek itrepes ,gnair tikidesagnubreb - kuileM .agnub - naakumrep sata id iranem gnades itrepes kuil

,tignal iapaggnem kut nagnat nakkianem itrepes ,iggninem gnadaK .agaletnat kapenem gnay turul nakaes ,hadnerem gnadak utaynem abocnem ,ha

agned .imub n adan ragnednem apagnem hatnE - hayD ,uti hadni gnayadan lisahreb haleteS .ahawiwanujrA niwakak rihka naigab tagnignem akolatiP gnay hareguna naktapadnem naidumek anujrA ,aynsagut nakianunem

t amales laggnit nakhelobrepid gnay ardnI aweD irad hadniret id irah huju ,amaY ,ardnI aweD irad itkas atajnes helorepmem aguj aI .naardniek iradadib hujutek nagned niwak anujrA nakhaB .arewuK nad ,anuraB

.)24 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( sugilakes

nagned nakasar aid gnay apa naka gnugnib nakasarem akolatiP hayD

aduyariW gnay naasarep numan ,aynitah malad hena gnay narateg nakasarem aiD .

hayD id asib muleb nakasar akolatiP itregnem gnaruk hisam aid anerak ,nakitsap

.atnic nakamanid gnay apa naka satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI ianegnem

anamiagaB ib asarem akolatiP hayD atnic nakamanid gnay apa nagned gnugn

,hisam nad hanrep aiD .atnic imalagnem hanrep muleb akolatiP hayD ,hA nadaduyariW tahilem aid paites adad malad hena gnay narateg nakasarem nad anahredes gnay kosos malaD .ayngnilus nanula adan ragnednem

aus nagnikgnel tasak kat nataukek napmisret uti patarem gnadakret gnay ar


05

anapret ayntaubmem gnay atam - nawamreH( natagnahek malad anap701 :5002 ,naskA - .)801

irad nakgnalihid surah nakasar akolatiP hayD gnay naasarep ,numaN

imed aynitah kutnu iapag ai surah gnay naipmi hayD .irahatam maggneggnem

nupiksem ,aynirid igab tapet gnay ikalel halnakub aduyariW asarem akolatip

imugagnem tagnas aid awhab irakgnignem asib kat akolatiP hayD naasarep

.aduyariW satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI ianegnem anamiagab hayD

urah akolatiP aynnaipmi imed ayngnayas naasarep supahgnem s

aiD .asakrep gnay puraT akaJ nakub ,aman apnat ikalel halaynah aI ,aut gnaro apnat ainud id arakgnatabes ,gnanip luggnut ikalel halaynah hadus aynaumeS .auj gnaroes tabarek muak uata ,agraulek kanas ,araduas

it nad ajarahaM ubarP naayacrepek naktapadnem nikam itadneK .adaapais nakub patet ai ,aduyariW idajnem aman habureb - halaynah aI .apais

hadus uti naD .ini hanat narasebek aggnaynep gnait utas halasnay apa naka hibelreb uapmalret nakhaB .itah raseb ayntaubmem hiar ai g


akolatiP hayD irahatam maggneggnem imeD imalagnem nagnabmibek

aynitah nagned mayaH nagned nahodojrep asarem aiD . W irad ajar kuru

.tihapajaM naajarek narasebek naka nahukgnaek nakrabmaggnem tihapajaM

kolatiP hayD numaN em aynirid naknikayem a nakapurem uti nahodojrep iks

eyas .aynnagnias nakhisiynem naka nikay aid ,arabm nagnugnibek nad satitnedI

satitnedi naka anamiagab aid nahodojrep ianegnem akolatiP hayD napaggnat

tihapajaM ajar nagned

.bawajnem areges kat akolatiP hayD ihunepid hisam aynnarikiPnagnabmibek arac nahukgnaek taguggnem kutnu nanigniek aratna

kutnu tarsah nad tihapajaM ajaR nakukalid gnay irusiamrep nahilimep naikes nakhisiynem naka aid awhab aynirid nanikayek nakitkubmem

ek ,aynnasala nupapA .nagnias kaynab aud - muleb ilakes amas aynaud.)06 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( aynnaasarep naktabilem


15

asarem aneraK gnabmib aid gnay apa nakharucnem akolatiP hayD

.imugak nad ayacrep aid gnay kosos iagabes arosinuB namaP adapek nakasar

aka imahamem aynnamap aynnahaserek malaD adnat nad ipmim n - gnay adnat

.akolatiP hayD imalaid halet satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI ianegnem

anamiagab sata aynnamap adapek aynnagnabmibek nakharucnem akolatiP hayD

.nahodojrep

akaoD .muynesret akolatiP hayD .aynatak ”,pais hadus aynkapmat siluE“ n adeS gnayH ,ajas utneT ”.namap ,kiab nagned nalajreb aumes agomes hayD itah malad uti taas“ atik amasreb ulales ubmA nanuS nad alaksiN

.”nagnabmibek imalagnem akolatiP .)321 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH(

kolatiP hayD ,arosinuB namaP nagned aynnagnacnibrp malaD nakasarem a

pureb gnay nagnat haub nakirebmem aynnamap taas hena hayD gnaY .mertnap a

p akolatiP lah iraD .nahasiprep adnat nakapurem tubesret mertnap awhab iayacre

.utauses ada naka nakasarem aid tubesret satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI

girucek ianegnem .akolatiP hayD naa

,ayntafis nagned iauses“ ,mertnap gnagag maggneggnem akolatiP hayDatames nakub mertnap - taas adap ,aguj aI .tubmar luggnas saihgnep atam -

itahreb ,uti aneraK .naksiriggnem gnay atajnes idajnem asib ,utnetret taas -p ualak aynasaiB .halitah .labmut atnimem ulales ai ,sunuhret hadus mertna

.aynnamap narutunep ragnednem rabedreb akolatiP hayD adaD :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( rateleggnem itrepes mertnap aynmaggnegiD

.)521

gnanet hibel idajnem akolatiP hayD naktukatid gnay apa ,numaN taas

sinuB namaP aggniH .nakireb uaileb gnay mertnap ianegnem naksalejnem aro

naklaggninem kutnu aynnasutupek nagned patnam hibel asarem akolatiP hayD

.tihapajaM ujunem adnuS iregeN satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI

ianegnem anamiagab rid nakgnanenem tapad akolatiP hayD .ayni


25

.aynkilimep nahadniek habmanem kutnu ,nasaihrep aynah nakub mertnaP“ ikalel nasaih idajnem aynah nakuB .mertnap itrepes ini iregen naupmereP

apa ikilimem kat gnay - pakis nagneD .akaleb nagnajap iagabes niales apauj akerem ,aynnasadrecek nad ukalirep ,agraulek igab itra ikilimem asib ag

hayD ?namap duskam itregnem siluE .ayniregen igab nakhab ,nagnukgnil ipaT .mahap kuggnagnem aiD .kanej aparebeb aynnamap patanem akolatiP

gnanek nakirebmem namap apagnem - uka haknakuB ?alages nagnanekilabmek gnires naka adneb naD .naikimed parah namaP“ ?inisek - adneb

hibel asarem akolatiP hayD ,ini ilaK .”nahasiprep adnat nakub nagnanek621: 5002 ,naskA nawamreH( aynnasutupek nagned patnam - .)721

ay nahasipreP T id idajret gn naasareP .nakhideynem tagnas adnuS hana

tiP hayD ,aynnarihalek hanat naklaggninem kutnu aler gnaruk hisam itrepes akola

gnaro nagned amasreb aynpudih hanat - inik naD .ignayas aid gnay gnaro ai surah

.naklaggnit Y kutnu ugar hisam aid halada ini lah malad akolatiP hayD imalaid gna

rihalek hanat naklaggninem naksutumem surah aid aynnaipmi imed numan ,aynna

.nagnabmibek nad nahidesek nagned adnuS hanat naklaggninem kutnu satitnedI

satitnedi nagnugnibek nad ianegnem anamek naksutumem akolatiP hayD

.tihapajaM ujunem takgnareb kutnu aynnasutupek

utaS - naritub utas rilagnem ,akolatiP hayDatam tudus irad helelem gnineb ,aynribib ratupes id kuilem ,aynipip halebmematamrep iatnu kutnebmem

kitit kutnebmem hutaj ulal ,ugad id kanejes gnutnaggnem - idhasab kititnaraduyap aggnih ,kadnup iputunem nakgnapmelesid gnay gnadneles .ay

iaru reb aguj gnay ,gninsiL araL iweD anteR yaN ,adnub gnas aynkulepiDatak nakraulegnem upmam apnat atam ria - :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( atak

.)921 ,nupanamiagaB .aynatam tudus iradhelelem atamrep naiatnu ilabmeK

akolatiP hayD aynilak amatrep kutnu halini .ayniregen naklaggninem anatsI nagnukgnil naklaggninem hanrep kadit ai aynmulebes nakhaB asesiwaruS notadaK ,aY .aynpudih amales takel utigeb gnay asesiwaruS ,piruh udniw apais melad idajnem halet aynpudih amales takel utigeb gnay

k nakirebmem gnay nitarek arap adapek ,aynadapek pudih nagnanete.)131 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ayninuhgnep

akolatiP hayD naasarep tihapajaM ujunem nanalajrep ialumem taaS

gnay ayniregen id ada gnay mala anasaus ihuragnepid tubesret laH .gnanet asarem


35

rem akolatiP hayD .hadni tagnas iradaynem nad sapel mala tahilem urab asa

gen id awhab .anosepmem tagnas aynire satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI

tihapajaM ujunem akolatiP hayD nanalajrep ianegnem .

raneb asib urtsuj akolatiP hayD ,numaN - uti nanalajrep itamkinem ranebnakaes - alajrep naka gnanesreb kutnu radekes aynnan - ini ilak uraB .gnanes

osepmem hadni utigeb ayniregen ualak nakiskaynem aid nawamreH( an.)331 :5002 ,naskA

naiakap isairid taas akolatip hayD tabublageT nahaggnisrep id aynabiteS

gnatnet utauses tagnignem aid ,nitnagnep muak gnay ayniregen id naupmerep

m aid haletes halasreb asarem aynnaasareP .nakgnaujrep ai surah nakkajnigne

tihapajaM id aynikak anamek ianegnem satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI .

.haggnis akolatiP hayD

iregeN id atik muak taub nupapa taubreb muleb uka ipaT“ mulebeS .adnuS atik iregen naklaggninem igrep hadus uka ,anaskalret uti nanigniek aumes

.)402 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( aticret

akolatip hayD iumenem kutnu kutnu adnuS irtup sahk naklipmanem nigni

hubut gnililekes id ikseM .aynimaus nolac kuruW mayaH ubarP yn nakapurem a

id gnay nasaihrep mayaH ubarP nakireb .aynirid kutnu kuruW nad satitnedI

satitnedi nagnugnibek ianegnem anamiagab nad apais akolatiP hayD

.adnus irtup gnaroes iriditaj nakkapmanem

uS iregeN irtup gnaroes iagabes lipmat hadus uka hakapa ,ukduskaM ?adn ”.itah nakhugenem kutnu ajas nasagenep aynaH ?utigeb aynaT apaneK


inalaj aid naka gnay nahakinrep awhab aduyariW ragnednem haleteS

ilakes nigni akolatiP hayiD ,lagaG id gnay nasaihrep aumes sapelem helo nakireb

kuruW mayaH .aynadapek napituk malad naksalejid uti laH .ini tukireb satitnedI

satitnedi nagnugnibek nad ianegnem anamiagab akolatiP hayD napaggnat


45

.lagag aynnahakinrep iuhategnem haletes

nairebmep nasaihrep alages nad ,gnulak ,gnitna aynnaksapelid nignI ,kuruwmayah .aynanasub id itinep utasrep utas aguj naksapelid nigni nad

luggnas id pacnatret hisam gnay mertnap gnagag abarem asib aynah aItare aynmaggneg iD .ayntubmar - nairebmep akasup mertnap gnagag tare

002 ,naskA nawamreH( itapidaruS arosinuB imubukgnaM ,aynnamap :5.)012

asarem akolatip hayD taubmem tabuB lageT id idajret halet gnay apA

ilakes nigni akolatiP hayD .aynagraulek nad ayniregen nagned halasreb tagnas

idajnem tihapajaM iregeN nad adnuS iregeN aratna raseb iregen aud nakutaynem

nret idajret gnaY .gnalih adamhajaG anacner nakapurem tubesret nahakinrep atay

kutnu nakuB adnuS iregeN iasaugnem kutnu tubesret laH .aynnakutasrepmem

apad .tukireb napituk malad tahilid t

araL anteT yaN ,adnub gnas naparah nakdujuwem lagag akolatiP hayDa naknignignem gnay ,gninsiL naaigahabek pacegnem irtup gnas rag

gnas nanigniek ihunemem lagag aiD .itajes naupmerep gnaroes iagabes amatu gnait utas halas idajnem kutnu ,anaubaggniL ajarahaM ubarP haya lagag aiD .aynayahac gnalremec nikames adnuS iregeN taubmem gnay

aparah nakrubanem naujamek lobmys idajnem kutnu adnus hanat adapek n asarem aid nakhab naD .ayniregen naupmerep naaggnabek idajnem nad araduasreb iregen aud nakutasrepmem gnay gnaneb idajnem kutnu lagag akitnawaliW tihapajaM nad adnuS iregeN ,hasipret ini amales gnay

amreH( .)512 :5002 ,naska naw araL anteT yaN ,adnub gnas naparah nakdujuwem lagag akolatiP hayD naaigahabek pacegnem irtup gnas raga naknignignem gnay ,gninsiL gnas nanigniek ihunemem lagag aiD .itajes naupmerep gnaroes iagabes

nu ,anaubaggniL ajarahaM ubarP haya amatu gnait utas halas idajnem kut lagag aiD .aynayahac gnalremec nikames adnuS iregeN taubmem gnay naujamek lobmys idajnem kutnu adnus hanat adapek naparah nakrubanem asarem aid nakhab naD .ayniregen naupmerep naaggnabek idajnem nad

eb idajnem kutnu lagag araduasreb iregen aud nakutasrepmem gnay gnan akitnawaliW tihapajaM nad adnuS iregeN ,hasipret ini amales gnay

.)512 :5002 ,naska nawamreH(

arad natual idajnem tabuB lageT hanat iD S .h rep uta - adnuS tirujarp utas

rihkaret gnay nad aduyariW aggnih ,gnabmut ubarP akolatiP hayD aynhaya


55

gniL L ubarP .laggninem turut anaubag adaM hajaG nagnat id hunubret anaubaggni

P .tabuB lageT id nagnarepep malad apnat asis adait sibah adnuS airtasek ara

hayD laggnitret aynah tubesret tapmet iD .gnarep kutnu atajnes napakgnelrep

akolatiP hayD .aynhusagnep agit nad akolatiP id ujunem kaja otarek tihapajaM n

akinrep naktujnalem kutnu .adnutret tapmes gnay nah faam atnimem adaM hajaG

nakanacner ai halet gnay apa sata nad tikas tagnas akolatiP hayD itaH . asarem

.malad tagnas gnay hides Di kutnu adaM hajaG nakaja kalonem a adnuS airtasek

nit gnujnuj ai tagnas gnay aynaajarek imed nabrokreb gnay aynnaawabiwek igg

id halet gnay ucnah id tubesret laH .tihapajaM nakr tukireb napituk malad nakatirec

.ini

lep ”,anatsi ek atik iram ,irtuP nauT ,huD “ na - .adaM hajaG araus nalep hena gnay tukat asaR.atak apnat adaM hajaG najat patanem akolatiP hayD naut raga ,anatsi ek atik iram faam nohom ayaS“ .aynadad id payarem ukA“ .adaM hajaG atak ”,araganasajaR irS nagned gnidnasreb tapad dirtup

ned niwak naka kat hayD tuhas “ ,ukhaya hunubmem gnay gnaroes nag anamiagab uhat kat ,tujekret adaM hajaG .aynkai asis aratna id akolatiP

abit - ,ualikreb gnay utauses maggneggnem halet akolatiP hayiD abit ,numaN ?nanawalrep nakukalem naka irtup gnas hakapA .mertnap kucupes

ju naknialem ,namaggneg gnuju id adareb kadit akolatiP hayD mertnap gnu ,umhaya hunubmem gnay araganajarirS nakuB ,irtuP nauT“ .aynkilabes irtuP nauT halhasu kat ,uti aneraK“ .adaM hajaG atak ”,ayas ipat

ais harad naksetenem - h nikgnum ukharaD setet utaS ”.ais itrareb ayna suret naka tabuB nagalaP id ukharad aynrilagnem numan ,ukirid kutnu

gnaro aynhukuk naka gnanekid - naknahatrepmem adnus gnaroatic ihunemem lagag uka nikgnuM .aynnatamrohek - uka numaN .ukatic

itrareb tagnas naka ini uklicek hakgnal anerak aigahab ,imak iregen igabolatiP hayD tuhas .)213 :5002 ,naskA nawamreH( ak

id halet gnay apA geN irid agrah imed uti akolatiP hayD nakukal adnuS ire

nagned upitid halet gnay .adaM hajaG helo nakukalid gnay kitilop igetarts haubes

surah atayn naka gnay naipmi aumeS surah akolatiP hayD .pajekes gnalih

iridnes aynnasutupek naksutumem taykaR nad adnuS iregeN natamrohek imed


65

.utasreb aynsurahes gnay aragen ratna naiamadek nakparahgnem gnay adnuS

aataynek numaN n .aynnakipmiid gnay itrepes kadit ayn hayD ini lah malaD

atiP uam aiD .latnek tagnas adnuS asgnab iagabes aid satitnediasarem akol

haubes ilikwem gnay irtup gnaroes natamrohek imed aynalages naknabrognem

.rihal ai tapmet naajarek


75

V BAB

NALUPMISEK

.1.5 nalupmiseK

id tapad sata id sisilana irad lisaH kirat umiD .nalupmisek aparebeb irad ial

rusnu - i malad amatu hokot naawijek nagnabmekrep aggnih kisnirtni rusnu uml

nakanugid gnay igolokisp itilenem kutnu satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI“

tihapajaM tignaL iD ajneS :akolatiP hayD levoN malaD amatU hokoT .”

U usn r- nakakumek gnay kisnirtni rusnu hokot itupilem ini naitilenep malad

ratal nad ,rula ,nahokonep nad gnisaM . - gnisam rusnu kisnirtni ubesret t id naksalej

gnisam aratna nagnubuh naksalejid aggniH .tutnureb araces - gnay rusnu gnisam

em malad natiakreb gnilas levon malad atirec nugnabm iD ajneS :akolatyP hayD

.tihapajaM tignaL

hokoT nahokonep nad nakiaruid hokot nad amatu hokot idajnem

aynnahabmat hokot nakgnades akolatiP hayD halada amatu hokoT .nahabmat

aggnA ,arosinuB ,gninsiL araL ,anaubaggniL ubarP halada hitaP ,aduyariW ,gnaral

adaM hajdaG hitaP ,sikuL uruJ iK ,udaM uti nialeS .kuruwmayaH ubarP nad

id .sinogatna hokot nad sinogatorp hokot aguj naksalej sinogatorp hokoT

aduyariW nad ,arosinuB ,anaubaggniL ubarP ,akolatiP hayD aynaratnaid

atna hokot nakgnades .adaM hajdaG hitaP halada sinog

irad iridret gnaY .ujam rula nakanuggnem ini levon malad rulA

ep ,naisautiynep ada kadiT .skamilk nad ,kilfnok natakgninep ,kilfnok nalucnum

iagabes akolatiP hayD atirec rihka malad anerak ini levon malad naiaseleynep

hokot .aynpudih irihkagnem kutnu hilimem amatu apureb naisautiynep pahat adaP


85

kutnu nagnabmibek kaynab imalagnem aggnih akolatiP hayD lawa napudihek

tapadret kilfnok nalucnumep pahat adaP .aynpudih nahilip nakutnenem

y aynagraulek malad idajret gnay nahalasamrep akolatiP hayD paggnaid gna

kilfnok natakgninep pahaT .aynirid kutnu lida gnaruk tubesret naadaek

gnay aynnaasarep naka akolatiP hayD nagnabmibek nakrabmaggnem

inareb akolatiP hayD anamiagab nakaretirecnem skamilk pahaT .aynhuggnuses

nu nasutupek nakutnenem amirenem nad adnuS naajarek naklaggninem kut

tagnas gnay nasutupek apureb naiaseleynep pahaT .kuruW mayaH irad nagnanip

naknahatrepmem surah aid tipejret gnay naadaek malad akolatiP hayD irad raseb

haM gnaroes helo nakrucnahid halet gnay naajarek iridagrah .adaM hajaG hitaP a

levon malad naksikulid gnay rataL tignaliD ajneS :akolatiP hayD

tihapajaM ratal nad utkaw ratal ,tapmet ratal utiay gnitnep rusnu agit pukacnem

levon malad nakanugid gnay tapmet rataL .laisos tignaL iD ajneS :akolatiP hayD

tihapajaM lem gnay utkaw rataL .tihapajaM naajarek nad adnuS naajarek itupi

ini ilak ,uti taas itrepes utnet kadit gnay utkaw nakujnununep apureb nakanugid

hides gnay anasaus nagned isanimodid levon malad laisos rataL .ini amales uata

naasarep kalojeg anerak hasileg nad .akolatiP hayD ipadahid surah gnay

levon sisilana malaD hayD ajneS :akolatiP D tihapajaM tignaL i kapman

snu nanilajretek hokot irad iridret gnay ru nahokonep nad , nad ,rula ratal gnay

em utas idajn .levon ankam natalubek kutnebmem gnay naigab gnisaM - gnisam

amas utas nagnubuhreb gnilas tanama nad amet ,ratal ,rula ,hokot aratna rusnu

l .nia


95

satitnedi nagnugnibek nad satitnedI levon malad akolatiP hayD hayD

tihapajaM tignaL iD ajneS :akolatiP agab adap ujunem hayD satitnedi anami

jarek id irtup gnaroes akolatiP adnuS naa . naajarek athat surenep halada aiD

gnaroes itsem naajarek malad ajar gnaroes aynnaataynek malad numaN .adnuS

ikal - ikal nakitkubmem nad nakkujnunem nigni akolatiP hayD uti anerak helO .

iracnem nad rajaleb kutnu aynnanuketek nagned irad namalagnep .aynnamap

P hayD em inareb akolati batik rajaleb suret kutnu aynukaw naknabrogn - gnay batik

aynnauhategnep habmanem . kutnu naipmI imed uti aynnakukalid halet gnay apA

gnayom kenen utas irad naajarek nakutaynem ”tihapajaM nad adnuS“ gnay

gnisam - iridreb gnisam iridnes - iridnes nagned kuruW mayaH nagnanip amirenem .

akolatiP hayD numaN surah iagabes aynsatitnedi nagnugnibek imalagnem

K .naajarek irtuP gnaroes anera ataynret idajret gnay nahodojrep mayaH nagned

kuruW ynret tubesret id hadus gnay kitilop rusnu ata ruta adaM hajaG hitaP helo

hayD raseb nasutupek haluti tihapajaM hanat iD .adnuS naajarek iasaugnem kutnu

nakusap hurules anerak iridnes asarem akolatiP hayD .inareb tagnas akolatiP

id hunubid aynhaya aggnih kojopret tagnas akolatiP hayD uti taaS .aynnaped

rak naktujnalem kutnu akolatiP hayD kajagnem hisam adaM hajaG hitaP ane

aynrihkA .hunubid aynignirignem gnay nagnobmor aumes haletes nahakinrep

imed aynturep id mertnap nakkusunem kutnu naksutumem akolatiP hayD

t id iadonid halet gnay adnuS naajarek naawabiwek .tihapajaM hana halini laH

akolatiP hayD taubmem gnay aynpudih irihkagnem kutnu naksutumem inareb

naka gnugnib taubid halet gnay adnuS irtuP iagabes aynirid satitnedi imed

.amiret ai asib kadit gnay naadaek


06

.2.5 isakilpmI

levon padahret naitilenep lisaH P hayD tihapajaM tignaL iD ajneS :akolati

gnadib id nupuam artsas gnadib igab taafnamreb naskA nawamreH ayrak

.nakididnep hanasahk habmanem tapad ini naitilenep lisah ,artsas gnadib malad iD

levon aynsusuhk artsas isaiserpa nad artsas naitilenep eS :akolatiP hayD iD ajn

tihapajaM tignaL utnabmem ini naitilenep uti nialeS .naskA nawamreH ayrak

gnatner malad hokot nagnabmekrep sesorp anamiagab iuhategnem kutnu acabmep

.utnetret rumu

urug akij kiab nagned lisahreb naka artsas isaiserpa narajagnep malaD

hilimem iadnap takednep ,kinhet iroet nad ,na - gnajnunem gnay iroet . aneraK

malad artsas naitilenep kaynab tudus iagabreb irad artsas ayrak sahabmem gnay

.gnadnap

isnetepmok nagned iauses nakgnabmekid tapad ini naitilenep urug igaB

rusnu isakifitnedignem )1( utiay rasad nad nakumeneM )2( ,artsas ayrak kisnirtni

ialin naktiagnem - napudihek nagned artsas ayrak malad gnudnakret gnay ialin

inik asam .

.3.5 naraS

.1.3.5 igaB levon artsas ayrak acabmep takaraysam iD ajneS :akolatiP hayD

tihapajaM tignaL nerak acabid kutnu kiranem tagnas ini aynmalad id a

nad satitnedi nahalasamrep gnatnet nitab kilfnok nagnunerep tapadret

nagnagep nakidajid tapad uti aumes aggniheS .satitnedi nagnugnibek

nem nagned kiab hibel gnay haraek pudih nakharagnem kutnu laneg

ulrep gnaroeses aggnih irid satitnedi nenem surah nakut namiagab a

ek kutnu aynnaped .


16

.2.3.5 h ,artsas narajagnep igaB levon padahret naitilenep lisa :akolatiP hayD

tihapajaM tignaL iD ajneS narajagnep fitanretla nakidajid tapad ini

aisenodnI artsaS nad asahaB urug arap igab artsas nakirebmem malaD .

rajagnep rusnu nakirebmem urug aynkadneh na - ajas aynkokop rusnu

kujnunem nad naigab nak - id surah gnay naigab .hotnoc

.3.3.5 kutnu itilenep kajej itukignem tapad nakparahid nial itilenep igaB

igal nakgnabmegnem nem nial artsas ayrak nagned edotem nakanugg

nial . b hisam aneraK itilenep kutnu igal nagnabmegnep kayna na nial

.nial edotem nagned


26

AKATSUP RATFAD

nawamreH ,naskA , .5002 tihapajaM tignaL id ajneS :akolatiP hayD :atrakaJ.akatsuP gnatneB .

.8002 ,yseD d amatU hokoT nitaB kilfnoK nalupmuK adaP nepreC manE mala

aseaM ranejD ayraK kedneP atniC gnatneT kedneP atireC nepreC uyAokisP nauajniT .artsaS igol S ispirkS 1S anajra artsaS satlukaF :atrakaygoY .amrahD atanaS .

.2002 ,tamhcaR ,opodarP okojD nredoM aisenodnI artsaS kitirK :atrakaygoY .

aidreM amaG .

.8002 ,hadnE naadebreP malaD awaJ iyayiP atinaW nad airP hokoT nakududeK ayirP araP levoN iy d mayaK ramU ayrak iagabeS aynisatnemelpmI na

AMS iD narajalebmeP nahaB . atanaS PIKF :atrakaygoY .IS anajraS ispirkS.amrahD

,tsenrE 7002 . voN malaD amatU hokoT naawijeK nagnabmekreP ,suruL siraG le

K gnukgneL siraG lad aynisatnemelpmI nad onisaB sitiT ayra ma .AMS id artsas narajalebmep S ispirkS 1S anajra . atanaS PIKF :atrakaygoY

.amrahD

.2002 ,kuraF levoN - 0291 akatsuP ialaB isidart aisenodnI levoN - 2491 .atrakaygoY : aideM amaG .

.6891 .otnamhaR nad kciD ,okotraH artsaS ainuD udnameP :atrakaygoY .

suisinaK .

.7891 ,otraheoS ,najdreH awiJ nataheseK utI apA ? IUKF : atrakaJ .

.8002 ,namsU ,iniasuH laisoS gnadiB naitileneP edoteM .araskA imuB :atrakaJ .

ayraK :artsaS igolokisP .0102 ,enitreblA ,poredniM nad ,iroet ,edoteM ,artsaSK hotnoC susa . : atrakaJ uP nasayaY aisenodnI robO akats .

,sreonK nad sknoM 6002 nagnabmekrep igolokisP . .uyahar itiS nahamejreT .

.sserP ytisrevinU adaM hajdaG : atrakaygoY

.7891 ,iradnaH ,iwawaN laisoS gnadiB naitileneP edoteM hajdaG :atrakaygoY .sserP ytisrevinU adaM

ahruB ,orotnayigruN 002.n 7 . iskiF naijakgneP iroeT adaM hajdaG : atrakaygoY.sserP ytisrevinU .

.7891 .nahkeoR artsaS igolokisP naijaK pukgniL gnauR aidemarG :atrakaJ . .


36

.2002 ,W nhoJ ,kcornaS pudiH asaM nagnabmekreP .kinamaD aduJ nahamejreT ..aggnalrE : atrakaJ

nimuS ,ituyaS .8991.A ot rasaD - iskiF sisilanA rasaD SE3PL :atrakaygoY . .

ayajiW nad irS . .1102 :artsaS isatnemelpmI nad iroeT odniserP amuY :atrakaruS . .

itunaP ,namijduS . .8891 naakeR atireC imahameM .ayaJ akatsuP : gnudnaB .

ojdramuS Y , ka ob, .4891 rtsaS nad takaraysaM aisenodnI a atrakaygoY . ruN :

ayahaC .

4991 ,J namreH ,oyulaW . iskiF atireC naijakgneP salebeS satisrevinU :atakaruS .sserP teraM

kellaW nad nerraW . .9891 naartsasuseK iroeT .atnaidub inaleM nahamejreT .

aidemarG : atrakaJ .


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