perkembanagn kognitif piaget vygotsky

7/26/2019 Perkembanagn Kognitif Piaget Vygotsky

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SESI 1 :

1.5.2 PERKEMBANGAN

KOGNITIF

* Piaget

* Vygotsky



PERKEMBANGAN

KOGNITIF KANAK-KANAK MENGIKUTPIAGET



JEAN PIAGET (1896-1980)

A!"i #siko"ogi S$iss % sa"a! seo&a'g #e'ye"i(ik ya'g)e&#e'ga&! (a"a+ )i(a'g #e+)a'g'a' #siko"ogi

a)a( ke 2,.

A$a"'ya )e&giat (a"a+ )i(a'g )io"ogi (a' -a"sa-a! se&ta

+e'gge"a&ka' (i&i'ya se)agai a!"i e#iste+o"ogi ge'etik.

Pandangan Piaget selalunya (i)a'(i'gka' (e'ga' e/

Vygotsky 01341678 ya'g +e"i!at "e)i! ke#a(a

i'te&aksi sosia" 0social interaction) yang merupakan

sumber utama kognitif dan tingkah laku.



Teo&i Pe&ke+)a'ga' Kog'iti- 9ea'

Piaget a&a +i'(a +e+#&oses

+ak"+at:

K'k se'tiasa )e&i'te&aksi

(a' )e&sa!a +e'ta-si&

#e&sekita&a''ya

K'k +e+)i'a ske+a ("+

+i'(a'ya

Ske+a; st&kt& kog'iti-

yg (i)i'a ("+ sa!a'ya

+e+a!a+i #e'ga"a+a'

ata #e&sekita&a''ya



Ske+a

Ske+a ; #&a ko'se# te'ta'g sesato)<ek +e"a"i #e'ga"a+a' yg

(i"a"i'ya !a&i (e+i !a&i= +'gki'

ti(ak te#at o'to!:

Fati' +e"i!at a&'a)8 a'ak k>i'g

Fati' aka' +e+)i'a ske+a: a&'a) ;a'ak k>i'g 0"e+)t8 ke>i"7



Ske+a (a' ske+ata

Ske+a )e&+aks( sat st&kt& kog'iti- Ske+ata )e&+aks( "e)i! (a&i sat

st&kt& kog'iti-

K'k +e+)i'a ske+ata !a&i (e+i !a&i

Ske+ata )e&)a! (a' )e&ta+)a!

+e"a"i #&oses a(a#tasi 0asi+i"asi (a'ako+o(asi7


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@a #&oses #e'ti'g (a"a+

#e&ke+)a'ga' kog'iti- :



ORGANISASI & ADAPTASI

1 4 ORGANISASI Ke)o"e!a' i'(i/i( +e'gk"asi-ikasika' se&ta

+e'ys' #e'ga"a+a' (a' +ak"+at ya'g

(i#a'ggi" ski+ata.

2 A@APTASI Ke)o"e!a' +e'yesaika' +ak"+at (e'ga'

ke!e'(ak #e&sekita&a'.

Te&)a!agi ke#a(a (a :

a Asi+i"asi : P&oses +e+askka' +ak"+at

ke (a"a+ ski+ata se(iaa(a.

) Ako+o(asi : Pe'g)a!saia' Ski+ata 'tk

+ak"+at )a& (i+askka'.



P&oses a(a#tasi

P&oses a(a#tasi )o"e! )e&"ak se>a&aasi+i"asi ata ako+o(asi

Asi+i"asi ; +e'a+)a! +ak"+at )a& #a(a

ske+a se(ia a(a ta'#a a#a4a#a #e&)a!a':

o'to!: Fati' 'a+#ak k>i'g (a' (i)e&ita!it"a! k>i'g.

Bi"a Fati' 'a+#ak a&'a)8 Fati' se)t k>i'g.

I'i"a! asi+i"asi iait +ak"+at (ise&a# ta'#a

(i)at )a!sai #a(a +i'(a.



Ako+o(asi

Ako+o(asi ; +e'g)a!sai ske+a se(iaa(a 'tk +e+a!a+i +ak"+at )a&

o'to! atas: Ba#a te&(e'ga& Fati' +e'ye)tk>i'g a#a)i"a +e"i!at a&'a)8 )a#a+e+)et"ka''ya. Te'gok (ia +e"o+#at8ti(ak +e'gia8 +aka' ka&ot.

Fati' +e'(a#at +ak"+at )a&

Fati' +e'g)a!sai st&kt& kog'iti-'ya

ke#a(a 2 ske+ata= ske+a k>i'g (a' ske+atk a&'a)

o'to! "ai': )o"a (a' )e"o'8 aya+ (a' itik.



Teo&i Pe&ke+)a'ga' Kog'iti-

Piaget

Se"ai' (&# +e'e&a'gka' )agai+a'a ka'ak4ka'ak +e+)i'a ko'se# (a' +e+a!a+i

#e&sekita&a''ya8 Piaget kata #e&ke+)a'ga'

kog'iti- ka'ak4ka'ak )e&"ak (a"a+ 6

#e&i'gkat Pe&i'gkat se'so&i+oto& 0,42 ta!'7=

Pe&i'gkat #&ao#e&asi 024? ta!'7=

Pe&i'gkat o#e&asi ko'k&it 0?411 ta!'7 (a'

Pe&i'gkat o#e&asi -o&+a" 012 ta!' ke atas7



Pe&i'gkat se'so&i +oto&

9ga (ike'a"i se)agai (e&ia +oto& Bayi )a'yak +e'gg'aka' (e&ia (a'

ke)o"e!a' +oto& 0#e&ge&aka'7

M"a4+"a ti(ak a(a ke$<(a' o)<ekC

se!i'gga )o"e! +e'gasai ko'se#ke$<(a' o)<ek.

@#( aksi &e-"eks ke#a(a akti/iti )e&"a'g4"a'g ke akti/iti )e&+at"a+at

Aka' +e+)i'a #e")agai ske+ata ("+sa!a +e+a!a+i #e&sekita&a''ya



Pe&i'gkat #&ao#e&asi

K'k +"a +e'gg'aka' ke#ayaa'+e&eka )e&-iki& se>a&a si+)o"ik

0+e'gg'aka' #e&kataa' se+asa

)e&tt&7 tt# ta!a# #e+iki&a' +asi!

ti(ak +e'gikt "ogik (a' +(a!

(i#e&(aya o"e! #e&se#si yg )e&"ai'a'

Ti(ak +a+# +e'gasai ko'se#

#e'geka"a'



Ko'se# #e'geka"a'

Pe'geka"a' )e&+aks( +e+a!a+i)a!a$a #e&)a!a' )e'tk o)<ek atass'a' ti(ak +e'g)a! >i&i'ya atasi-at'ya.

Sat ka'titi ata <+"a! ti(ak aka')e&)a! $a"a#' te&(a#at #e&)a!a'("+ )e'tk ata #' ss'a'.

Te&(a#at ))# ko'se# #e'geka"a' s#t#e'geka"a' 'o+)o&8 #e#e<a"8 isi#a(.



PERINGKAT PERKEMBANGANKOGNITIF KANAK-KANAK

1 @e&ia Moto& 0,42 Ta!'7 P&oses #e'i&a'8i'gata' (a' #e+iki&a' )e&+"a

kekeka"a' o)<ek.

@a&i#a(a ti'(aka' &e-"ekti- ke#a(a ti'(aka'

)e&t<a'.2 P&ao#e&asi 024? ta!'7

Pe&ke+)a'ga' )a!asa (a' #e+iki&a' si+)o"ik a$a"

ogik 1 !a"a: tia(a ko'se# #e+"i!a&aa' % ti(ak

)e&-iki& )e&)a"ik. Egose't&ik: Mo'o"og ko"ekti-

15



13

O#e&asi ko'k&it 0?411 ta!'7

Me+a!a+i )e&-iki&a' )e&)a"ik 0Re/e&si)i"ity7.

Me+a!a+i ko'se# #e+"i!a&aa'. Bo"e! +e'gke"as (a' +e'ys'

Me'ye"esaika' +asa"a! (a"a+ )e'tk "ogik

se+#&'a.

6 O#e&asi Fo&+a" 011415 Ta!' 7

Me'ye"esaika' +asa"a! a)st&ak (e'ga'

"ogik.

Pe+iki&a' sai'ti-ik.

P&i!ati' ke#a(a i(e'titi (i&i (a' is sosia".

Egose't&ik &e+a<a.



KRITIKAN / KELEMAHAN 1 4 Meta(o"ogi

Pe'gk&itik +e+#e&tikaika' kae(a! k"i'ika"

ya'g (ig'aka' +e'ye)a)ka' ka<ia' i'i

(i&agi.

Sa+#"e ka<ia' te&"a" ke>i" (a' ti(ak +e'e#ati#ia$aia'.

2 4 Teo&i

Ti(ak +a+# +e'e&a'gka' st&kt&8#&oses(a' -'gsi ko'g'iti- ya'g <e"as (a' te#at.

Teo&i 6 #e&i'gkat ti(ak (a#at (ia#"ikasika'

ke#a(a se+a ka'ak4ka'ak.1?



IMPLIKASI TEORI PIAGET

@a#at +e+#e"a<a&i >a&a #e+iki&a' ka'ak4ka'ak +e"a"i #e+e&!atia' (a'

+e'(a"a+i >a&a #e+iki&a' +e&eka.

G& (a#at +e'gesa' (a' +e+)a't

ka'ak4ka'ak 'tk +e'gatasi kek&a'ga'(a"a+ #e&ke+)a'ga' #e+iki&a' +e&eka.

Pe'ga"a+a' (a&i#a(a akti/iti -iDika" (a'

+e'ta" (a#at +e+)a't +e+ata'gka'ka'ak4ka'ak se&ta (a#at +e'ge+)a'gka'

kog'iti-.

1



Teo&i Vygotsky



Teo&i Vygotsky

Pe&>aya )!$ #e&ke+)a'ga'kog'iti- )e&"ak ("+ #e&sekita&a'sosio)(aya

Ke)a'yaka' (#( ke+a!i&a'

kog'iti- ka'ak4ka'ak te&!asi" (#(i'te&aksi sosia" ka'ak4ka'ak (g'i) )a#a8 o&a'g (e$asa "ai'8&aka' se)aya (a' g&

Te+a teo&i Vygotsky ia"a!#e&ke+)a'ga' kog'iti- )e&"ak("+ ko'teks sosia"



Ko'se# s>a--o"(i'gC

S>a--o"(i'g :soko'ga'

se+e'ta&a #(

)i'aa'

Pe"a<a& )e&a's&4a's& +e'e&i+a

ta'gg'g<a$a)

(a&i se(ikit ke#a(a

se#e'!'ya ke

atas #e+)e"a<a&a'



t!: S>a--o"(i'g

A(&ia': o$ (o yo (&a$ a #e&so'

Ma&ia: a' yo +ake a s!a#e -o& t!e !ea( S!e +akesa &o'( +otio' a&o'( !e& !ea(.

0A(&ia' +ake a &o'(is! s!a#e7

Ma&ia: t!ats goo( 'o$ $!at s!a#e is t!e )o(y

(She indicates length in front of her body. A(&ia' +akesa "o'g o/a" s!a#e )e"o$ t!e !ea(.7

Maria: Well done – now what else does a person hae

(she holds out her arms. A(&ia' (&a$s "i'es o-- t!e )o(y7

Maria: !nd ". She holds up her legs A(&ia' (&a$s t!e "egs o-- t!e )o(y. T!ey !a/e a -&t!e&

(is>ssio' a)ot )o(y #a&ts a'( A(&ia' a((s !a'(s a'(!ai&. Ma&ia e't!siasti>a""y #&aises !i+.



Ko'se# HP@

Ho'e o- P&oi+a" @e/e"o#+e't: Ho' Pe&ke+)a'ga' P&oi+a":

9a&ak (i a'ta&a ta!a# #e&ke+)a'ga'

se)e'a& (i"akka' se>a&a)e&se'(i&ia' (a' ta!a#

#e&ke+)a'ga' #ote'si yg (i>a#ai

(g' )i+)i'ga' o&a'g (e$asa



I+#"ikasi Teo&i Vygotsky

Bi+)i'g +&i( )e"a<a& (g' tek'iks>a--o"(i'g s#y +e+)o"e!ka' +e&eka

+e+#e&o"e!i i"+ (a' ke+a!i&a' ("+

#e&i'gkat yg "e)i! ti'ggi= G& +e'gga"akka' ke&<a )e&k+#"a'8

+&i( yg "e)i! #a'(ai +e+)e&i )i+)i'ga'

k#( &aka' yg k&a'g= Ga"akka' #e+)e"a<a&a' ko#e&ati- tk

+e'i'gkatka' #&estasi #e+)e"a<a&a'



TJGASAN BENGKE

Si"a to'to' /i(eo Piaget

o'se&/atio' TasksC.

Ba'(i'gka' (a' )e&i#e&kaita'#e&)eDaa' a'ta&a (a

#e'(ekata' Piaget (a' Vygotsky

'tk #e&ke+)a'ga' kog'iti-.

perkembanagn kognitif piaget vygotsky

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