mekanisme istibdal dalam pembangunan tanaf wakaf

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OIFCKBPOI BPWBEG C D GCDCO QIOECKNYKCK WCKCM ^CFCH: FCJBCK

WIUMCGCQ BPY QIKNCOEBDCK WCKCM ^CFCH LDIM QBMCF EIUFYCPC

KINIUB GB OCDCRPBC

Ldim:

GU OLMG CHIKGB EBK OCW UCKB3

3+1 QIKGCMYDYCK

Qcgc gcpcukrc myfyo prcucf oiknmcuypfck qikncoebdck wckcm ~cfch ykwyf fiocpdcmcwck

yoyo$ jypwiuy$ flkpiq Bpwbeg cd gbdbmcw piecncb pycwy oifckbpoi rckn eldim oiknifcdfck

fipbkcoeyknck wckcm ~cfch wckqc oiknlueckfck qubkpbq cpcd ~cfch+ Flkpiq Bpwbeg cd cwcy diebm

gbfikcdb piecncb qiuwyfcuck mcuwc ~cfch qcgc mcfbfcwkrc oiuyqcfck pcdcm pcwy jcdckqikridipcbck fiqcgc ocpcdcm/ocpcdcm rckn oioecebwfck qioecknykck mcuwc ~cfch+5

Wyjyck

cpcd pipiluckn oi~cfchfck mcuwc cgcdcm ykwyf oikgifcwfck gbub fiqcgc Cddcm gckoiknmcucqfck qcmcdc pi`cuc eiuwiuypck$ pidcbk ucmocw$ fieiufcwck gck fiuigmcckKrc+ Wyjyck

cpcd bkb wbgcf cfck fipcoqcbck jbfc cgckrc mcdcknck/mcdcknck rckn wbgcf gcqcw gbidcffck+

Ckwcuckrc piqiuwb qidyqypck pwcwyp ~cfch cfbecw qikncoebdck wckcm ~cfch ldim qbmcf eiufycpc+

Ocfc kczbu pidcfy qioinckn cockcm mcuwc ~cfch qiudy oikridipcbfck qiuocpcdcmck bkb giknckoikncoebd cdwiukcwbh gck qikgifcwck cncu ockhccw mcuwc ~cfch gcqcw gbpcdyufck ykwyf pidcoc/

dcockrc piecncbockc kbcw qi~cfch+

Eiugcpcufck fiqcgc fcjbck rckn gbeycw pi`cuc fipidyuymckkrc$ gb kiniub Wiuiknncky wiugcqcw

pifyuckn/fyucknkrc 27 dlw wckcm ~cfch rckn wiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck wckcm ldim QEK+ Gbkiniub Qydcy Qbkckn0

pieckrcf 3> Dlw widcm gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck ykwyf wyjyck qioecknykck

giknck jyodcm qcoqcpck wiufyoqyd pieckrcf UO5+973$>85+5=+ Einbwy jync gb kiniub Pidcknlu$7

wiugcqcw 0 Dlw rckn wiudbecw giknck quljif qioecknykck dieym ucrc+ Ockcfcdc gb kiniub

Fidckwck$9

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gck Qcmckn>

ocpbkn/ocpbkn mckrc 3 Dlw pcmcjc rckn gbcoebd

3Qikprcucm$ Qypcw Qiobfbuck gck Fihcmcock Bpdco -@BWY"$ Ykbxiupbwb Wifkldlnb OCUC$ 71791 Pmcm Cdco

Pidcknlu5

Pbwb Ocpmbwlm Ocmcollg -5115"$ Qidcfpckcck Bpwbegcd gcdco Qioecknykck Mcuwc ^cfch gb Ocdcrpbc$ `iw+3$

Jcecwck Prcubcm gck Ykgckn/ykgckn$ Cfcgiob Qikncjbck Bpdco$ Fycdc Dyoqyu: Ykbxiupbwb Ocdcrc$ mdo+3+0

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Hcfmuyggbk Ebk Ceg Ucmock$ Fiwyc Ecmcnbck ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qydcy Qbkckn$ qcgc

57,33,5119$ gb Qijcecw Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qydcy Qbkckn -OCBQQ"+7 Wioyeycd: Ik+ Pymcbob Ebk Bpocbd$ Qinc~cb ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Pidcknlu$ qcgc 31,33,5118$ gb QijcecwOcjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Pidcknlu -OCBP"+9

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Ubgmyck Ceg+ Ucmock oidcdyb widihlk$ Qinc~cb ^cfch gck Ecbwydocd$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco

Fidckwck -OCBF"$ qcgc 50,0,5118+ Wckcm ~cfch rckn wiudbecw widcmqyk gbnckwbfck oidcdyb flkpiq Bpwbegcd+8 Wioyeycd: Ik+ Cmocg Ebk Cegyd Nmckb$ Qinc~cb ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco ^bdcrcm Qiupifywyck -OCB^Q"$

qcgc 39,35,5119$ gb Qijcecw Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco ̂ bdcrcm Qiupifywyck+>

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Olmg Hcgbdcm Ebk Cegyd Ockch$ Qinc~cb ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qcmckn -OCBQ"$ qcgc

35,3,5118$ gb Qijcecw Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qcmckn+ Mcpbd wioyeycd giknck Qinc~cb ^cfch wbgcf wiugcqcw wckcm

~cfch rckn wiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck ldim fiucjcck+ Kcoyk giobfbck$ bpy bkb qiukcm gbecknfbwfck ldim Wboecdck

Rckn Gbqiuwyc OCBQ$ Gcwyf Cegyd Oywcdbe Olmg Cdb cd/Hcf~bi qcgc wcmyk 3225$ wiugcqcw gyc fip wckcm ~cfch



5

ldim QEK+ Gb kiniub Qiucf$=

pieckrcf gyc fip rckn oidbecwfck 5 Dlw+ Ockcfcdc gb Kiniub

Pioebdck2

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gbcoebd cgcdcm pieckrcf wbgcf fyuckn gcubqcgc 7+959 ifcu+31

Ockcfcdc kbdcb qcoqcpck rckn

wiufyoqyd ldim OCBO gbcknncufck pieckrcf UO525$2=0+07+ Gb kiniub Figcm gbcknncufck

wiugcqcw pieckrcf 58 Dlw wckcm ~cfch rckn gcqcw gbfikcdqcpwb giknck Fidycpck wckcm ~cfch rckn wiudbecw cgcdcm gbcknncufck pieckrcf 5=+035 ifcu+33

5+1 QIKNCOEBDCK WCKCM ^CFCH LDIM QBMCF EIUFYCPC KINIUB:

MCDCKNCK GCK FIFCKNCK

Mcpbd fcjbck oikgcqcwb ecmc~c wckcm/wckcm ~cfch rckn wiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck wckcm ldimQEK wbgcf gbeycw qiknnckwbck ~cdcyqyk bc pygcm pifbck dcoc qbmcf fiucjcck oikncoebd wckcm

~cfch obdbf OCBK gck ecrcuck qcoqcpck widcmqyk gbjidcpfck+ Fidiocmck bkb eldim gbfcbwfck

ecmc~c gb Ocdcrpbc bpy Bpwbeg cd ocpbm gbcknncq piecncb pycwy bpy rckn pikpbwbh gck cpbkn gb

fcdcknck ocprcucfcw$ wiuocpyf rckn oioecebwfck qbmcf qikwcgebu ~cfch bwy pikgbub+ Ficgcckbkb gbdbmcw eiufcbw ucqcw giknck ocprcucfcw gb kincuc bkb rckn eiuqinckn fycw giknck ykgckn/

ykgckn ~cfch oczmce Prchb‛b rckn pi`cuc wincp oidcuckn qiocfcbck Bpwbeg cd fi cwcp wckcm~cfch+35 Pidcbk bwy$ wiugcqcw eieiucqc hcfwlu eiudcfykrc qioeifyck ~ckn qcoqcpck rckn

gbc~cug fck fiqcgc OCBK+ Fcjbck oikgcqcwb qcgc qiubknfcw c~cd qbmcf qikwcgebu oiucpcfck

wbgcf cgc fiqiudyck oikgipcf ykwyf oik`cub nckwb wckcm ~cfch rckn widcm gbcoebd ldim QEK+ Bkb

ifluck qcgc pycwy fiwbfc gcmydy wckcm wcf eiuobdbf cwcy wckcm fiucjcck ocpbm eckrcf gck eldimgbqlmlk qcgc ebdc/ebdc ocpc pcmcjc+

Einbwy jync giknck kbdcb qcpcuck mcunc wckcm jync wbgcf piecncbockc mcunc wckcm rckn cgc qcgcocpc pifcuckn+ Ockcfcdc qikncoebdck rckn gbeycw ldim fiucjcck wbgcf oidbecwfck dlw/dlw wckcm

rckn eckrcf+ Ldim bwy$ oiuifc wbgcf oioeycw qiuolmlkck pioydc giknck fcgcu piniuc gckoikncoebd qikgifcwck cncf qiudcmck+ Qiufcuc bkb wbgcf gbcknncq piecncb pcwy ocpcdcm cwcy

wcqcf fyeyu gb gciucm Fyckwck rckn wiudbecw giknck quljif qioeipcuck jcdck+ Qcoqcpck wckcm bkb gbecrcu fiqcgc

cmdb ~cubp qi~cfch fiuckc wckcm wiupieyw eidyo gbgchwcufck fiqcgc Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qcmckn+ Dbmcw: Eiubwc

Mcubck$ 9,2, 3225+=

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Ulmcbzcw ebk Cdb oidcdyb widihlk$ Qinc~cb ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qiucf -OCBQ"$ qcgc

3=,7,5118+ Dbmcw jync: Pbwb Ocpmbwlm Ocmcollg -5115"$ Qidcfpckcck Bpwbegcd gcdco Qioecknykck Mcuwc ^cfch gb

Ocdcrpbc$ `iw+3$ Jcecwck Prcubcm gck Ykgckn/ykgckn$ Cfcgiob Qikncjbck Bpdco$ Fycdc Dyoqyu: Ykbxiupbwb Ocdcrc$

mdo+5=+ Wioyeycd: Ik+ Ulmcbzcw ebk Cdb oidcdyb widihlk$ Qinc~cb ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qiucf -OCBQ"$ qcgc

3=,7,5118+2

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Fcocd Bouck oidcdyb widihlk$ Qinc~cb ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Kiniub Pioebdck -OCBKP"$

qcgc 55,5,5118+31 Gcubqcgc jyodcm bkb wiugcqcw 5 dlw wckcm rckn wbgcf gbfiwcmyb jyodcm fidycpck wckcm rckn gbcoebd+ Oidbmcw fiqcgc jyodcm qcoqcpck ecnb 5 dlw wiupieyw cgcdcm pieckrcf UO332$ 2>1+11+ Bkb eiuocfkc qcgc cknncqck qikridbgbf

jyodcm pieikcu cgcdcm wbgcf fyuckn gcubqcgc 31 ifcu rckn gbcoebd ldim QEK+33

Gcubqcgc jyodcm bkb wiugcqcw 9 Dlw rckn wbgcf gbuiflg jyodcm fidycpck rckn gbcoebd$ giknck jyodcm qcoqcpck

pieckrcf UO37$518+11+35

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hcw~c iuc dcoc+ Bkb fiuckc qckgcknck cmdb Ocjdbp Hcw~c eckrcf gbqikncuymb ldim oczmce Prchbi rckn cncf cpbkn

gcdco qikydbpckkrc+ Dbmcw: Kllu Kciocm Ceg Ucmock$ Dysock Mj Cegyddcm$ Ckbpcm Ceg Nmckb -5118"$ —Hcw~c/

hcw~c ^cfch gb Ocdcrpbc: Ckcdbpc Fmypyp gb Kiniub Fidckwck‟$ -Flkxikprik ^cfch Fiecknpcck 5118$ qcgc 35 /37

Piqwioeiu 5118$ Ckjyuck Jcecwck ^cfch Zcfcw gck Mcjb$ gb Mlwid Dinikg Fycdc Dyoqyu"$ mdo+8+



0

eieckck fiqcgc OCBK fiuckc eckrcf dcnb wckcm ~cfch rckn wiuebcu gck wbgcf gbecknykfck

piecncbockc rckn gbkbcwfck ldim qi~cfch+

Pidcbk hcfwlu rckn gbkrcwcfck gb cwcp$ wiugcqcw jync hcfwlu dcbk rckn gbfikcdqcpwb ckwcuckrc bcdcm

piecmcnbck eipcu wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck wbgcf oidbecwfck fipioyc ecmcnbck

fidycpck wckcm wiupieyw+ Ldim bwy$ jyodcm qcoqcpck rckn gbecrcu ldim fiucjcck cgcdcm gcdcoeikwyf jyodcm rckn cncf fi`bd+ Ecnb ~cfch fmcp ockhccw ocpjbg gck ~cfch zyubcw qydc bc pyfcu

ykwyf gbcnbmfck fiqcgc qikiuboc ~cfch fiuckc oidbecwfck eieiucqc eycm ocpjbg gck cmdb ~cubp

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~ckn qcoqcpck rckn gbeiubfck ldim fiucjcck wbgcf oik`yfyqb ykwyf oikcoqykn mcunc kbdcbck

piocpc+ Ocfc hcfwlu bkb gbjcgbfck mcoecwck ywcoc oikncqc bpy wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd ldim

QEK wbgcf eldim gbnckwb giknck wckcm rckn dcbk+ Wckcm rckn wbgcf eiuobdbf cwcy wckcm fiucjcckpiocfbk eiufyucknck+ Pifcdbqyk cgc wiwcqb dlfcpbkrc rckn wbgcf pwucwinbf$ wbgcf piwckgbkn

giknck wckcm ~cfch rckn cpcd$ wbgcf iflklobf piuwc wbgcf eiugcrc ocjy+ Pifbuckrc mikgcf gbeidb

piecncb nckwbck$ bc cfck eiuwikwcknck giknck myfyo Bpwbeg cd mcuwc ~cfch rckn oipwb gbnckwb

giknck wckcm rckn pcoc kbdcb cwcy diebm ecbf+

0+1 FLKPIQ BPWBEGCD OIKYUYW MYFYO PRCUCF

Oikyuyw qckgcknck hyscmc cqc rckn gbocfpygfck giknck Bpwbeg cd bcdcm oioeidb ‛crk ,cpiw

piecncb nckwb ykwyf gb~cfchfck pioydc+37

Ockcfcdc Beg cd qydc bcdcm oikjycd ‛crk , cpiw ~cfch ykwyf oioeidb mcuwckcm, cpiw rckn dcbk cwcy gcdco eikwyf ~ckn+39 Gcdco flkwifp qikncoebdck

wckcm ~cfch rckn eiudcfy qcgc mcub bkb bc oiuyjyf fiqcgc flkpiq qikjycdck ‛crk ~cfch cwcy

Beg cd fiqcgc qbmcf fiucjcck rckn gbnckwbfck pcoc cgc gcdco eikwyf wckcm giknck wckcm cwcy~ckn qcoqcpck+38 Ockcfcdc flkpiq Bpwbeg cd cgcdcm oiuyjyf fiqcgc qioeidbck wckcm ~cfch dcbk

piecncb nckwb ldim kczbu ~cfch oidcdyb ~ckn qikjycdck wckcm wiupieyw rckn ~cjbe gbdcfpckcfckykwyf gb~cfchfck pioydc+ Qiufcwcck Beg cd gck Bpwbeg cd cocw eiufcbwck ckwcuc pcwy pcoc dcbk

gbpiecefck Beg cd pipycwy mcuwc ~cfch oioec~c fiqcgc Bpwbeg cd mcuwc bwy+ Piwbcq qikjycdck mcuwc~cfch oipwb gbbfywb giknck oikncoebd ‛crk dcbk piecncb qiknnckwb mcuwc ~cfch rckn widcm

gbjycd+3>

Qikyfcuck eldim eiudcfy pcoc cgc giknck ocwc ~ckn cwcy ‛crk mcuwc rckn dcbk+3=

30Wioyeycd/wioyeycd: Ik+ Olmg Mcbuyd Cobk ebk Olmg Pbp$ Fiwyc Ecmcnbck ^cfch gck Pyoeiu Co$ Ocjdbp

Cncoc Bpdco Oidcfc -OCBO"$ qcgc 39,33,5118$ gb Qijcecw OCBO+ Ik`bf Ulpdb$ Qinc~cb Ecmcnbck Qiwioqcwck$

qcgc 39,9,5119 gb Qijcecw Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Wiuiknncky+ Mj Olmg Rccfle Ebk Cegyddcm$ Qikldlkn Piwbcypcmc

Ykbw Zcfcw$ ^cfch gck Ecbwydocd OCBGCO$ qcgc 51,5,5118$ gb Qijcecw Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco gck Cgcw Bpwbcgcw

Oidcry -OCBGCO"+37

Pidcbk qiufcwcck Bpwbeg cd$ qiufcwcck cd/Oykcscdcm jync gbnykcqcfcb gcdco oioebk`cknck qiuwyfcuck gck

qiknnckwbck mcuwc ~cfch+ Figyc/gyckrc oioqykrcb ocfkc rckn mcoqbu pcoc+ Dbmcw Bek Sygcocm -5113"$ Cd/ Oykcscdcm ~c cd/Bpwbeg cd eb cd/C~sch $ gcdco Cd/Cprscu$ Oymcoocg Pydcrock$ iw+ cdd -ig" Ocjoy‛ hb Cd / Oykcscdcm ~c cd/Bpwbeg cd eb cd/C~sch $ `iw+5$ Eibuyw: Dyekck$ mdo+72+39

Ecguck$ Ecguck Cey cd/‛Crkcrk -32=8" $ Cmf co cd/^c pc rc ~c cd/C~sc h h b cd/Prcu b ‛cm cd/Bpdcobrrcm$ Fcmiucm:

Gcu cd/Jcob‛cm$ mdo+013+ Cd/Fyecrpb$ Oymcoocg ‛Yecrg -32>>"$ Cmf co cd/^csh h b cd/Prcu b ‛cm cd /Bpdcobrrcm$

jdg+5$ Ecnmgcg: Ocw ec‛cm cd/Buprcg$ mdo+2+ Cmocg Hcuuc j Mcppck -32=8"$ Cmf co cd/^c pc rc ~c cd/C~sc h h b cd/

Prcu b” cm cd/Bpdcobrrcm$ Fcmiucm: Gcu cd/Jcob‛cm$ mdo+072+38

Olmg Chckgb Ebk Ocw Uckb -511="$ Qikncoebdck Wckcm ^cfch Ldim Qbmcf eiufycpc Kiniub: Ckcdbpbp Oikyuyw

Myfyo Prcucf gck Cqdbfcpbkrc gb Ocdcrpbc$ Wipbp Qm+G$ Ykbxiupbwb Ocdcrc$ mdo+08=+3>

Cey Zcmucm$ Oymcoocg -32>3"$ Oymcg mcucm h b cd/^csh$ `iw:5$ Fcmiucm: Gcu cd/Hbfu cd/‛Cuceb$ mdo+379+



7

0+1+3 BPWBEG C D WCKCM ^CFCH OIKYUYW QCKGCKNCK HYSCMC

Qcgc gcpcukrc qcuc hyscmc eiupiqcfcw oikiuboc flkpiq Bpwbeg cd gcdco oikridipcbfck bpy

qikncoebdck wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck pi`cuc qcfpcck pcoc cgc oidcdyb

qikjycdck$ qiuwyfcuck gck qioeidbck+ Cqc rckn oikjcgb qiueizcck qikgcqcw -ocmcd cd/kczc‛" gbfcdcknck oiuifc bcdcm wikwckn oiwlg cwcy qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd ~cfch gcub pygyw mcuwc cdbm gck

wcf cdbm fipck gcubqcgc qiueizcck qiknnykcck wckcm ~cfch gcub pinb Fmcp gck Co+32

Qikncoebdck wckcm ~cfch eiucpcpfck fiqcgc oifckbpoi Bpwbeg cd qiudy gbeizcfck ckwcuc jikbp/ jikbp cwcy fcwinlubkrc+ Bkb fiuckc piwbcq fcwinlub wiupieyw oioeiub boqdbfcpb rckn eiueizc gcub

pinb prcucw/prcucw qiknnykcckkrc rckn wiuwcfdyf fiqcgc prcucw/prcucw rckn wiuwikwy+

Qikncoebdck rckn oidbecwfck wckcm ~cfch Fmcp cncf pyfcu eiueckgbkn ~cfch Co$ diebm/diebm

dcnb ecnb wckcm ~cfch rckn gbfmypypkrc ykwyf ockhccw ocpjbg$ wcqcf ocpjbg$ pyucy gck fyeyu+51

Pifbuckrc wckcm bwy gb~cfchfck gcdco eikwyf qiknnykcck fmypyp piqiuwb ykwyf qioebkcck

ocpjbg$ pyucy$ fyeyu$ pifldcm cncoc gck dcbk/dcbk$ ocfc wckcm ~cfch bwy wiuocpyf mcpbd

gcubqcgckrc wbgcf eldim gbnykcfck ykwyf wyjyck dcbk$ pidcbk cqc rckn widcm gbwikwyfck ldim

qi~cfch -^ csbh "+

53

Gcdco mcd bkb qckgcknck oczmce Ocdbfb gck Prchb‛b oikncoebd qikgifcwckrckn cncf fiucp gck ubnbg gcdco oiknmcuypfck Bpwbeg cd oioecebwfck wckcm ~cfch Fmcp ocpjbg

eiueckgbkn oczmce/oczmce dcbk+55

Figyc/gyc oczmce bkb eiupiqcfcw ecmc~c ~cfch ocpjbg wbgcf eldim gbjycd cwcy gbwyfcu nckwb$ fi`ycdb fiuckc cgc fiocpdcmcwck rckn wbgcf eldim gbidcffck+50

Oczmce Prchb‛b gcdco oioecmcpfck bpy Bpwbeg cd cd/Ocksyd cwcy wckcm ~cfch oioqykrcb

qikgbubck rckn wincp ecmc~c wckcm ~cfch jikbp Fmcp$ Co gck Zyubcw wbgcf eldim gbjycd cwcygbeidb+ Bkb eiuocfkc pioyc jikbp mcuwckcm ~cfch wbgcf eldim gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck ykwyf cqc jyc

eikwyf qioecknykck+ Fiwincpck myfyo gcdco oczmce Prchb‛b bkb eiugcpcufck fiqcgc qubkpbq

~cfch rckn oikjcgb qincknck gcdco oczmce Prchb‛b ecmc~c mcuwc ~cfch wbgcf eldim gbjycdeidb$

gbmbecm gck gb~cubpb eiugcpcufck mcgbwm ‛Yocu rckn oi~cfchfck wckcm gb Fmcbecu gck

oikprcucwfck wckcm wiupieyw wbgcf eldim gbjycd$ gbeidb$ gbmcgbcm gck wbgcf eldim gbqypcfcb+

57

Wyjyck pipycwy ~cfch rckn widcm gbeycw wbgcf eldim gbyecm pidcbk cqc rckn widcm gbkbcwfck ldim

qi~cfch+59

Oczmce bkb oidcuckn qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd pi`cuc oywdcf fiuckc qikjycdck cwcyqiknnckwbck cfck oioec~c fiqcgc mbdcknkrc mcuwc cwcy cpiw rckn gb~cfchfck+ 58 Kcoyk

giobfbck wiugcqcw jync piecmcnbck ydcoc oczmce Prchb‛b oiknmcuypfck qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd

3=Bebg+$ mdo+3=5+

32 Mcppck ‛Ceg Cddcm cd/Cobk -3227"$ Bg cucm ~c/Wmcwmob u Oyowcdbf cw cd/C~sch $ ìw:5$ Cd/Eckf cd/Bpdcob db cd/

Wckobrrcm cd/Oc”cmcg cd/Bpdcob$ mdo+350+ 51

Cd/Fmbkk$ Oypwchc Pc‛bg -3225"$ cd/Hbsm cd/Ockmcjb cdc Ocgmmce cd/Boco cd/Prc hb‛ b$ ìw+0$ Gcoprbs: Gcu cd/

‛Bdob$ mdo+01+ 53

Ecguck$ Ecguck Cey cd/‛Crkcrk -32=8"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+018+55 Cey Zcmucm$ Oymcoocg -32>3"$ lq+$ `bw+$ mdo+398+50

Fiwincpck gcdco oczmce Prchb‛b gcqcw gbdbmcw pifcdbqyk ocpjbg rckn widcm oikncdcob fiulpcfck wbgcf eldim

gbbpwbegcdfck+ Dbmcw Cd/Prbuczb$ Ceb Bpmcf -3229"$ Cd/Oymcgmce h b hbsm cd/Boco cd/Prc hb‛ b$ ìw+3$ jdg+5+ Eibuyw: Gcu

cd/Fywye cd/‛Bdobrrcm$ mdo+003+ Cey Zcmucm$ Oymcoocg -32>3"$ lq+$ `bw+$ mdo+397+57 Cd/Kbpceyub$ Boco Ceb Mypcrk Oypdbo cd/Mcjjcj cd/Syprcbub -322>"$ P cmbm Oypdbo$ Ece cd/^csh $ ìw:3$ jdg+ 0+

Oy“cppcpcm ‛Bz cd/Gbk$ mdo+ 790+ Cd/Prc~f ckb -w+w+"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+57+59

Cd/Kc~c~b$ Cey Zcfcubrrc Rcmrc -5111"$ Uc~g cm cd/Wcdbeb k$ jdg+7$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Fywye cd/‛Bdobrrcm$ mdo+755$

Cd/Fmbkk$ Oypwchc Pc‛bg -3225"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+5>/5=+58

Cd/Fyecrpb$ Oymcoocg ‛Yecrg -32>>"$ Cmf co cd/^csh h b cd/Prcu b ‛cm cd/Bpdcobrrcm$ jdg+5$ Ecnmgcg: Ocw ec‛cm

cd/Buprcg$ mdo+02



9

giknck oiknprcucwfck ecmc~c wckcm ~cfch rckn gbnckwb bwy eldim oikgcwcknfck mcpbd rckn

diebm eiuockhccw gcubqcgc rckn pieidyokrc+

Oczmce Mckchb gck Mckecdb oikncoebd qikgifcwck rckn cncf dlknncu gck wiueyfc gcdco

oiknmcuypfck qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd eiueckgbkn oczmce Prchb‛b gck Ocdbfb+ Oczmce Mckchb

oiknmcuypfck Bpwbeg cd gcdco pioyc ficgcck$ pidcnbockc bc oioqykrcb fiqikwbknck ykwyf fiocpdcmcwck luckn ucocb+5> Bkb eiuocfkc wckcm/wckcm ~cfch rckn wiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck

wckcm pi`cuc qcfpcck pcoc cgc wckcm ~cfch Fmcp cwcy Co pidcbk ocpjbg$ eldim gbwyfcu nckwb

eiunckwykn fiqcgc Oc pdcmcm+5=

Oczmce Ocdbfb oidcuckn qikjycdck mcuwckcm ~cfch rcknoidbecwfck wcqcf cwcy ecknykck ocpjbg pi`cuc oywdcf+52 ^cfch jikbp bkb wbgcf eldim gbnckwb

giknck rckn dcbk gck qikgcqcw bkb jync oiuyjyf fiqcgc ocjlubwb hyscmc+01

Kcoyk gcdco

ficgcck gcuyucw piqiuwb Bpwbeg cd ykwyf oidycpfck pcbz ocpjbg$ wckcm qiufyeyuck cwcy jcdck ykwyf

finykcck yoyo$ ocfc bc gbmcuypfck pifcdbqyk gbcoebd pi`cuc qcfpcck+ Bkb fiuckc qiufcucwiupieyw oidbecwfck fiocpdcmcwck yoocm pi`cuc yoyo+ Jbfc wbgcf gbbpwbegcdfck mcuwc ~cfch bwy

cfck oioeiub fipck kincwbh rckn oikryfcufck yocw Bpdco piqiuwb wioqcw becgcw yocw Bpdco$

fioygcmck ykwyf qiknfieyobck piuwc jcdck ykwyf oiuifc dcdy/dcdckn$ ocfc gcdco pbwycpb bkb

~cjbe oioqiuoygcmfck yuypck oiuifc bwy+

03

Oikyuyw oczmce Mckecdb05

wuckpcfpb jycd eidb piuwc cfwbxbwb oikyfcu gck oiknnckwbfck mcuwc~cfch cgcdcm gbmcuypfck eiunckwykn fiqcgc fimcpbdck gck ockhccw mcuwc ~cfch+ Oczmce

Mckecdb oikncocdfck flkpiq fiwiueyfcck gcdco fip mcuwc ~cfch rckn eiumcjcw fiqcgc

qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd fmypypkrc mcuwc ~cfch rckn ulpcf gck piecncbkrc cncu wbgcf mbdcknkrc

ockhccw ~cfch+ Eyfwb fidlknncuck myfyo Bpwbeg cd gcdco oczmce Mckecdb bcdcm oiknmcuypfck Bpwbeg cd ~cfch eiueikwyf mcuwc cdbm piqiuwb ocpjbg+ Fimcuypck bkb eiudcfy cqcebdc ocpjbg wiupieyw

widcm ulpcf cwcy wbgcf pipycb dcnb ykwyf gbnykcfck dcnb piqiuwb pioqbw gck wbgcf eldim gbqiuecbfb

dcnb fi`ycdb gbjycdfck gck gbnckwb giknck ocpjbg rckn dcbk+00

Jbfc fiulpcfck bwy oidbecwfck

5> Oczmce Mckchb wbgcf oioeizcfck ckwcuc mcuwc cdbm -cd/Ocksyd" giknck mcuwc wcf cdbm -cd/‛Bscu" piecncbockc

oczmce dcbk+ Fickjcdck myfyo Bpwbeg cd gcdco oczmce Mckchb cgcdcm ifluck gcubqcgc qubkpbq ~cfch gcdco oczmce

bkb ecmc~c ‛crk ~cfch wiwcq fifcd oikjcgb obdbf qi~cfch+ Qi~cfch cfck oikjcgb qiknyuyp fiqcgc mcuwckrc rckn

gb~cfch pcoc cgc ykwyf oikjycd$ oiknmcgbcm gck piecncbkrc+ Fimcuypck Bpwbeg cd gcdco oczmce Mckchb wbgcf

gbdbmcw gcub cpqif gcu yucw $ wiwcqb bc cgcdcm eiunckwykn prcucw rckn widcm gbwikwyfck ldim qi~cfch rckn oikjcgb mcf

fiqcgc oiuifc+ Dbmcw: Cd/Zcrdc‛b$ Jcocd cd/Gbk Cey Oymcoocg ‛Ceg Cddcm e+ Rypyh -3228"$ Kc pe cd/Uc rcm

Wcfmu b j Cmcgbwm cd/Mbg c rcm$ ìw+3$ jdg+0$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Fywye cd/‛Bdobrrcm$ mdo+>05+ Cd/Nmczcdb$ Oymcoocg e+

Oymcoocg e+ Oymcoocg -322>"$ Cd/^c pb w h b cd/Ocgmmce$ ìw+3$ jdg+7$ Gcu cd/Pcdco$ mdo+599+ Mcppck ‛Ceg Cddcm

cd/Cobk -3227"$ Bg cucm ~c/Wmcpob u Oyowcdbf cw cd/C~sch $ ìw+5+ Cd/Eckf cd/Bpdcob db cd/Wckobrrcm cd/Oc”cmcg cd/

Bpdcob$ mdo+357+ Bek cd/Myoco$ Fcocd cd/Gbk Oymcoocg e+ ‛Ceg ^cmbg -32>>"$ Prcu m Hcw m cd/Scg b u $ ìw+3$ jdg+8$

Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Hbfu$ mdo+510+5=

Cd/Ocrgckb$ ‛Ceg cd/Nmckb cd/Nmckbob -32=9"$ Cd/Dyece h b Prcu m cd/Fbw ce$ jdg+3$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Bmrc“ cd/Wyucwm

cd/‛Cuceb$ mdo+3=1+ Ecguck$ Ecguck Cey cd/‛Crkcrk -32=8" $ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+581+ Oymcoocg Fcocd cd/Gbk -322="$ Cd/

^c pc rc ~c cd/C~sc h h b cd/Hbsm cd/Bpdcob $ Oy“cppcpcm cd/Jco‛brrcm cd/Gbucpcw$ mdo+3>8+52

Cd/Gcugbu$ Ceb cd/Ecucf cw Cmocg e+ Oymcoocg e+ Cmocg -w+w+"$ Cd/Prcu m cd/Pcnmb u ‛cdc ‛Csuce cd /Ocpcdbf bdc Ocgmmce cd/Boco O cdbf $ w+wq$ jdg+7$ @cbul: Gcu cd/Oc‛cubh$ mdo+35>$ Cey Zcmucm$ Oymcoocg -32>3"$ lq+ `bw+$

mdo+397+01 Cd/Zymcrdb$ ^cmecm -32=>"$ cd/^c pc rcm ~c cd/C~sc h h b Hbsm cd/Bpdcob $ ìw+3$ Gcoprbs: Gcu cd/Hbfu+$ mdo+550+ 03

Bek Sygcocm$ Oy~chhcs cd/Gbk Oymcoocg ‛Ceg Cddcm e+ Cmocg e+ Oymcoocg -3222"$ Cd/Oynmkb $ ìw+7$ jdg+=$

Gcu cd/‛Cdco cd/Fywye$ mdo+550+ Cey Zcmucm$ Oymcoocg -32>3"$ lq+$ `bw+$ mdo+397+ 05

Oczmce bkb wbgcf oioeizcfck ckwcuc mcuwc cdbm giknck wcf cdbm+ Dbmcw: Bek Sygcocm$ Oy~chhcs cd/GbkOymcoocg ‛Ceg Cddcm e+ Cmocg e+ Oymcoocg -3222"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+ 551/553+00

Cey Zcmucm$ Oymcoocg -32>3"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+39=+



8

piecmcnbck ocpjbg$ ocfc mcuyp gbjycd ecmcnbck wiupieyw+ Einbwy jync jbfc fiulpcfck oidbecwfck

fipidyuymck ocpjbg$ ocfc gbmcuypfck oikjycd fipidyuymck gck mcpbd gcub wuckpcfpb jycd eidb bkbgbnykcfck ykwyf oioebkc ocpjbg rckn dcbk piecncb nckwb fiqcgc ocpjbg rckn gb~cfchfck+ 07

Ecnb wckcm ~cfch rckn wbgcf oikgcwcknfck ockhccw piqiuwb figygyfckkrc rckn eiucgc jcym

gcubqcgc fc~cpck eckgcu$ wiuqik`bd gck wbgcf iflklob piuwc wbgcf eiuqlwikpb ykwyf gbecknykfck$eiugcpcufck qckgcknck oczmce Mckchb$ Mckecdb gck piecmcnbck oczmce Prchb‛b$09 qbmcf

eiufycpc eldim oidcfyfck Bpwbeg cd fi cwcp wckcm wiupieyw giknck wckcm dcbk rckn diebm

oikgcwckn mcpbd gck oioec~c fiykwyknck fiqcgc qikiuboc ~cfch+

0+1+5 BPWBEG C D PIECNCB OIGBYO QIKNIFCDCK MCUWCKCM ^CFCH

Fiqiudyck fiqcgc qidcfpckcck oifckbpoi Bpwbeg cd ecnb wckcm ~cfch rckn wiudbecw giknck

qikncoebdck ldim qbmcf fiucjcck eyfck dcnb oikjcgb pcwy qbdbmck+ Ocdcm bc cgcdcm pcwy

fioipwbck rckn wbgcf eldim gbpcknfcd fiqcgc qbmcf rckn eiuwcknnyknjc~ce cwcy qbmcf eiufycpcdcbk giknck oiknfcjb piuwc oikridbgbfb pi`cuc fubwbfcd cncu pincdc wbkgcfck rckn gbcoebd gck

qidcfpckcckkrc pijcjcu gck pibubkn giknck ocwdcocw myfyo prcucf+ Pidcbk oidcfpckcfckfi~cjbqck prcucf$ Bpwbeg cd wiuqcfpc gbdcfyfck fiuckc hcfwlu/hcfwlu iflklob cwcy qldbwbf cwcy

ykgckn/ykgckn gck dcbk/dcbk dcnb+08 Giknck cgckrc oifckbpoi bkb$ wbgcf eiuocfkc wckcm/wckcm

~cfch eldim gbcoebd gcdco cqc jyc ficgcck ecnb oioikymb wykwywck gck qiufioecknck piocpc$

wckqc oidbmcw fiqcgc eieiucqc cpqif gck qiuplcdck rckn diebm qikwbkn gck pi~cjcukrc gbeiubfiywcocck+

Giknck fcwc dcbk$ Bpwbeg cd eyfckdcm pcwy oifckbpoi rckn wiuqcfcb fiqcgc pioyc fcwinlub wckcm~cfch rckn eldim gbcoebd pi`cuc oygcm ldim qbmcf eiufycpc+ Jypwiuy qcuc hyscmc eiupidbpbm

qikgcqcw gcdco oiknmcuypfck myfyo Bpwbeg cd wiuywcoc gcub cpqif qidcfpcckkrc+ Gcdco mcd bkbwiugcqcw qckgcknck hyscmc rckn cncf wiueyfc giknck oikincmkrc fi`ycdb gcdco ficgcck

wiuwikwy pcmcjc+ Wiugcqcw jync gb fcdcknck oiuifc rckn eiuqckgcknck cncf ubnbf giknckoidcuckn pi`cuc fiucp qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd ~cdcy gcdco cqc jyc ficgcck+ Qcuc hyscmc gcdco

oikikwyfck myfyo Bpwbeg cd cocw eiumcwb/mcwb giknck wyjyck ykwyf oikjcnc fiocpdcmcwck mcuwc

cockcm luckn Bpdco+ Jbfc wbgcf pygcm wikwy cfck oiknykgckn fiqcgc fidi~imck myfyo rcknoikncfbecwfck cfck ~yjygkrc qikridi~iknck gck qiudcknncuck wiumcgcq qubkpbq/qbkpbq myfyo

~cfch rckn widcm pigbc gbpypyk cwyu ldim pcujckc Bpdco wiugcmydy+

Pi`cuc yoyokrc$ ocjlubwb oczmce oikiuboc flkpiq Bpwbeg cd piecncb pcwy oigbyo fi cucmoiknifcdfck mcuwckcm ~cfch gck ockhccwkrc+0> Pifbuckrc myfyo prcucf wbgcf oikrigbcfck

cdwiukcwbh dcbk gcdco oikcknckb ocpcdcm qikncoebdck wckcm rckn oidbecwfck wckcm ~cfch$pigcknfck qcgc ocpc rckn pcoc myfyo oiknmcuypfck qbmcf eiufycpc oikncoebd wckcm

07 Bek Sygcocm -3222"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+551/553+09

Bek ‛Cebgbk$ Oymcoocg Cobk -32>2"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+9=2+ 08

Olmg Gcyg Ecfcu -3222"$ —Cocdck Bkpwbwypb ^cfch Gb Eieiucqc Kincuc Bpdco: Pcwy Qiueckgbknck$‟ gcdco Kbf

Oypwcqmc Kbf Mcppck iw+ cd+ -ig"$ Flkpiq gck Qidcfpckcck ^cfch gb Ocdcrpbc$ Fycdc Dyoqyu: Bkpwbwyw Fihcmcock

Bpdco Ocdcrpbc -BFBO"$ mdo+383+0>

Cey Zcmucm$ Oymcoocg -32>3"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+397+



>

wiupieyw ykwyf fiqikwbknck yoyo$ pygcm qcpwb eiudcfykrc qiuwikwcknck gck qik`ceydck ckwcuc

myfyo qikncoebdck wckcm ~cfch giknck qubkpbq ywcoc gcdco ykgckn/ykgckn qi~cfchck mcuwcgcdco Bpdco bcbwy qubkpbq fififcdck gck fidcknpyknck cpiw ~cfch+ Flkpiq bkb jync cgcdcm pidcucp

giknck qubkpbq ecmc~c mcuwc ~cfch wbgcf eldim gbjycd$ wbgcf eldim gbmbecm fiqcgc luckn dcbk gck

wbgcf eldim gb~cubpb+0=

7+1 OIWLG QIDCFPCKCCK BPWBEG C D WCKCM ^CFCH

Gb gcdco oidcfpckcfck flkpiq Bpwbeg cd wiumcgcq wckcm ~cfch bc eiufbpcu pcoc cgc gcdco eikwyf

qikjycdck$ qioeidbck gck qiuwyfcuck cwcy qiknnckwbck+ Fiwbnc/wbnc fcigcm rckn gbkrcwcfck bkb

qcgc fipidyuymckkrc cgcdcm eiuwyjyck ykwyf oiknifcdfck pwcwyp mcuwc ~cfch cncu ockhccwkrcgcqcw gbkbfocwb ldim qikiuboc ~cfch pi`cuc eiuwiuypck gck oikncqdbfcpbfck cqc rckn gbmcjcwb

ldim qi~cfch+ Ldim bwy qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd oikifckfck gcub gyc cpqif ecmc~c cpiw ~cfch

rckn gbjycd mikgcfdcm gbnckwb pioydc piecncbockc figygyfckkrc rckn cpcd cwcy diebm ecbf

gcubqcgc rckn pieidyokrc+ Jypwiuy$ qbmcf rckn dcrcf ykwyf oioywypfck pipycwy qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd bcdcm qbmcf eiufycpc pcoc cgc mcfbo cwcy fcgb+

7+1+3 Prcucw Qiknnckwbck Wckcm ^cfch

Wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck pi`cuc qcfpcck eiugcpcufck fiqcgc flkpiq Bpwbeg cd bc

mikgcfdcm gbnckwb pioydc gcdco eikwyfkrc rckn cpcd+ Qiuplcdckkrc$ eikwyf qiknnckwbck bkbwbgcf gbkrcwcfck prcucwkrc pi`cuc jidcp ldim qcuc hyscmc pcoc cgc gcdco eikwyf ~ckn -kysyg"

cwcy wckcm -cd/‛Cscu"+ Jbfc qiknnckwbck gcdco eikwyf ~ckn bc wiuocpyf gcdco ocfpyg

qioeidbck$ fiuckc oidcdyb ~ckn qikjycdck bwy gcqcw oioeidb wckcm rckn dcbk+ Piecdbfkrc jbfcqiknnckwbck bwy giknck wckcm jync$ bc wiuocpyf gcdco ocfkc qiuwyfcuck cwcy qiknnckwbck+ Bkb

fiuckc wckcm ~cfch rckn cpcd cwcy rckn qiuwcoc gbwyfcu nckwb giknck wckcm dcbk+

Gcdco oioebk`cknfck pwcwyp wckcm rckn gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck qcuc hyscmc widcm oikprcucwfckecmc~c qikncoebdck bwy mikgcfdcm gbpiuwcfck giknck qcoqcpck cwcy gbfikcdb piecncb cd/Wc‛~bg + Eikwyf qcoqcpck gck qiknnckwbck rckn ebcpc gbdcfpckcfck cgcdcm pcoc cgc gcdco eikwyf ~ckn

qcoqcpck cwcy giknck jikbp rckn pcoc -wckcm giknck wckcm"+ Eikwyf qiknnckwbck bkb cocwqikwbkn ykwyf gbebk`cknfck gcdco flkwifp qiknnckwbck wckcm ~cfch rckn eiueizc flkpiqkrc

giknck wckcm obdbf bkgbxbgy rckn dcbk$ giknck oikncoebd fbuc fiocpdcmcwck gck pbwycpb piocpc

qcgc mcub bkb+ Qikbdcbck gck qiuwboecknck qiudy gbeycw gcdco oikikwyfck pcoc cgc qcoqcpck

giknck ~ckn cgcdcm diebm ywcoc gck uidixck eiueckgbkn qiknnckwbck wckcm giknck wckcm$ cwcypiecdbfkrc+ Gb fcdcknck ydcoc hbsm$ Bek ‛Cebgbk widcm oioebk`cknfck wikwckn qiufcuc bkb

giknck oidiwcffck prcucw ecmc~c qikjycdck cwcy qiuwyfcuck wckcm ~cfch wbgcf eldim gbwyfcugiknck ~ckn fiuckc eboeckn bc gbpcdcmnykcfck ldim qbmcf wiuwikwy+02

Prcucw rckn gbkrcwcfckbkb cgcdcm eiufcbw giknck prcucw dcbk ecmc~c cpiw ~cfch mikgcfdcm gbnckwb giknck jikbp rckn

pcoc+ Pifbuckrc qi~cfch oikprcucwfck giknck uyocm$ ocfc wbgcf eldim gbbpwbeg cdfck giknck

0=Cd/Kbpceyub$ Boco Ceb Mypcrk Oypdbo cd/Mcjjcj cd/Syprcbub -322>"$ P cmbm Oypdbo$ Ece cd/^csh $ `iw:3$ jdg+0$

Oy“cppcpcm ‛Bz cd/Gbk$ mdo+ 790+ Cd/Prc~f ckb$ Prcrfm Oymcoocg e+ ‛Cdb -w+w+"$ Kcrd cd/C~wcu Obk Cmcgbwm Pcrrbg

cd/Cfmecu Prcu m Oykwcsc cd/Cfmecu $ jdg+8$ Fcmiucm: Oypwchc cd/Eceb cd/Mcdceb$ mdo+57+ 02

Bek ‛Cebgbk$ Oymcoocg Cobk -32>2"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+0=>+



=

wckcm+ Oiuyjyf fiqcgc prcucw bkb$ qiknnckwbck wckcm giknck ~ckn qcoqcpck wbgcf gbmcuypfck$

fiuckc eiudcbkck jikbp$ oidcbkfck ~ckn qcoqcpck bwy gbnykcfck ykwyf oioeidb ‛crk , cpiw ~cfch rckn pcoc+

Oczmce Mckecdb jync oikprcucwfck Bpwbeg cd eiudcfy ckwcuc eikwyf mcuwc rckn pcoc$ piqiuwb wckcm

giknck wckcm$ ecknykck giknck ecknykck gck dcbk/dcbk+ Mcuwc ~cfch rckn gbwyfcu nckwb pi`cuc Bpwbeg cd mikgcfdcm diebm ecbf gcubqcgc mcuwc rckn qiuwcoc+ Jbfc piecdbfkrc ocfc bc wbgcf mcuyp+

Ckwcuc hcfwlu dcbk oczmce bkb oikprcucwfck Bpwbeg cd wckcm giknck wckcm fiuckc eiugcpcufck

fiqcgc cqc rckn widcm eiudcfy qcgc fiebcpcckkrc wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck wbgcf gbnckwb giknck wckcm rckn dcbk+ Mckrc piebdcknck fi`bd pcmcjc wckcm ~cfch rckn gbnckwb+71

Kcoyk giobfbck$ pipiwikncm ydcoc oiknmcuypfck mcuwc ~cfch rckn gbcoebd eldim gbnckwb

giknck ~ckn giknck prcucw gbrcfbkb luckn rckn oidcfyfck qiuwyfcuck cwcy qiknnckwbck bwy

cgcdcm piluckn fcgb rckn gbcfyb fijyjyuckkrc gck eiupbhcw cockcm+73

Cd/Fyecrpb gb gcdcofbwcekrc oidiwcffck prcucw ecmc~c wckcm/wckcm ~cfch rckn gbbpwbegcd wbgcf eldim gbnckwb giknck

~ckn$ wiwcqb mikgcfdcm giknck wckcm+75

Kcoyk eidbcy oikncwcfck prcucw/prcucw rckn krcwcfck

bwy eldim gbyecm gck gbqbkgc cncu eiupipycbck giknck ficgcck piocpc ocprcucfcw qcgc mcub bkb

giob ykwyf oikjcnc eiufifcdckkrc mcuwc ~cfch$ piwiuypkrc oikjcobk fiocpdcmcwck qbmcf rckngb~cfchfck+70

7+1+5 Fidcrcfck Fidydypck Bpwbeg cd

Cpqif qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd qiudy gbqiubk`bfck giknck oidbecwfck qckgcknck/qckgcknck oiuifcrckn eiucywlubwb+77 Bkb fiuckc flkpiq Bpwbeg cd wyuyw oioecebwfck qiuplcdck bjwbmcgbrrcm+ Yuypck

qiknnckwbck wckcm ~cfch cgcdcm oikjcgb wcknnyknjc~ce qioiubkwcmck cwcy ocmfcocm giknck

oidbmcw fiqcgc fiocpdcmcwck yoyo$ gck wbgcf eldim gbwldcf$ fi`ycdb wiugcqcw piece/piece rcknoioec~c fiqcgc fioygmcucwck gck wbgcf oikgcwcknfck mcpbd pcoc cgc fiqcgc qi~cfch bwy

pikgbub cwcy luckn rckn oikiuboc ~cfch+

79

Gcdco mcd bkb cd/Wcupypb widcm oiknncubpfck wbncprcucw ywcoc rckn qiudy gbcocdfck gcdco oidcfpckcfck flkpiq Bpwbeg cd:78

b+ Fcgb mikgcfdcm eiuypcmc pigcrc oyknfbk oikncgcfck pbcpcwck pikgbub pieidyooidcfpckcfck Bpwbeg cd6

bb+ Fcgb mikgcfdcm oidckwbf gyc luckn qcfcu rckn cgbd gck cockcm ykwyf

oikridbgbf gck oikrbcpcw fiqiudyck Bpwbeg cd rckn gb`cgcknfck ykwyf oiocpwbfck mcpbd qidcfpckcckkrc eikcu/eikcu oioec~c fiqcgc fiecbfck cwcy

piecdbfkrc6

71 Bek ‛Cebgbk$ Oymcoocg Cobk -32>2"$ mdo+923+

73Zymgb Rcfck -w+w+"$ Cmf co cd/^csh$ `iw+3$ Eibuyw: Ocfwcecm cd/‛Cpubrrcm$ mdo+530+ Pcebs$ Pcrbg -3225"$ lq+ `bw+$

mdo+0=9/0=8+ Bek Sygcocm -3222"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+551/553$ Cd/Zymcrdb$ ^cmecm -32=>"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+553+ Wcucedcp

-w+w+"$ Cd/Hbsm h b cd/Prcu b cm cd/Bpdcobrrcm$ Eibuyw: Ocfwcecm cd/Mcgbwmcm$ mdo+72+75

Bek Kyjcro widcm oikcoecm prcucw bkb fiuckc gbeboecknb eiudcfykrc qikridi~iknck ldim kczbu ~cfch+ Dbmcw:

Mchbz cd/Gbk cd/ Kbphb$ Ceb cd/Ecucf cw ‛Ceg Cddcm e+ Cmocg -322>"$ Cd/Ecmu cd/Uc“bs Pmcum Fykz cd /Gcsc“bs$ `iw+3$

jdg+9$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Fywye cd/Bdobrrcm$ mdo+0>5/0>0+ Dbmcw jync: Cd/Fyecrpb$ Oymcoocg ‛Yecrg -32>>"$ lq+ `bw+$

mdo+5=70

Cd/Fyecrpb$ Oymcoocg ‛Yecrg -32>>"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+01+ 77

Bek cd/Myoco$ Fcocd cd/Gbk Oymcoocg e+ ‛Ceg ^cmbg -32>>"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+55=+ Cmocg Hcuuc j Mcppck -32=8"$

lq+ `bw+$ mdo+72+79

Cmocg Hcuuc j Mcppck -32=8"$ lq+ `bw$ mdo+72+78

Cey Zcmucm$ Oymcoocg -32>3"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+322+



2

bbb+ Fcgb mikgcfdcm oioeycw dcqluck piwidcm oikgikncu fiwiucknck gcubqcgc qcfcu

rckn gbdckwbf gck oikrlflkn wiumcgcq qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd+ Fidydypck Bpwbeg cd eiunckwykn fiqcgc fiqywypck fcgb piwidcm eiuqycpmcwb giknck cqc rckn widcm

gb`cgcknfck ecnb oikjcobk fiecbfck ~cfch rckn gbeycw+

Ockcfcdc gcub cpqif qidcfpckcck rckn dcbk$ wckcm/wckcm ~cfch rckn cfck gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck

eiugcpcufck fiqcgc prcucw/prcucw rckn widcm gbncubpfck ldim hyscmc wiudiebm gcmydy mikgcfdcm

gbuyjyf fiqcgc qbmcf rckn eiucywlubwb+ Qikrbcpcwck gck fcjbck wiuqiubk`b qiudy gbjcdckfck cncuflkpiq qikncoebdck wckcm pi`cuc qcfpcck eiucpcpfck fiqcgc flkpiq Bpwbeg cd bkb eikcu/eikcu

oikiqcwb giknck prcucw gck ncubp qckgyck myfyo prcucf piecncbockc rckn widcm gbebk`cknfck

pieidyo bkb+

Piecncb fipboqydckkrc$ qikikwyck prcucw pcoc cgc qiknnckwbck giknck ~ckn cwcy wckcm cgcdcm

eiunckwykn fiqcgc ficgcck gck pbwycpb piocpc gb pipieycm kincuc wiupieyw+ Cqc rckn qikwbkn

bcdcm wckcm ~cfch rckn wiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck wckcm ldim fiucjcck mikgcfdcm gbeidb cwcy

gbnckwb giknck wckcm rckn dcbk gck ~ckn qcoqcpck bwy wbgcf eldim gbobdbfb cwcy gbpboqck einbwypcmcjc+7>

Kcoyk pifbuckrc qiknnckwbck giknck ~ckn qcoqcpck oikboeydfck eckrcf mcdcknck

gck fifcknck cfbecw hcfwlu/hcfwlu rckn dcbk piqiuwb fiwbcgcck wckcm rckn pipycb$ mcunc wckcmpiocpc rckn wiudcdy wbknnb pimbknnc oikryfcu kczbu ykwyf oik`cub nckwb wckcm$ ocfc gcdco mcd

bkb qiuwyfcuck wckcm giknck wckcm cgcdcm diebm gbywcocfck+ Ecmfck gcdco ficgcck wiuwikwy

myfyokrc oikjcgb ~cjbe eiugcpcufck fiqcgc eieiucqc fcigcm Hbsmbrrcm ecmc~c:

Pipycwy rckn qcgc cpcdkrc wbgcf ~cjbe wiwcqb jbfc wbgcf fiuckckrc wbgcf cfck

oik`cqcb ocwdcocw rckn gbfimikgcfb ocfc bc oikjcgb ~cjbe+7=

9+1 HCW^C QIKNCOEBDCK WCKCM ^CFCH LDIM QBMCF EIUFYCPCKINIUB GCK QIDCFPCKCCK BPWBEG C D

Oiuyjyf fiqcgc myfyo prcucf qcgc cpcpkrc ~ckn qcoqcpck rckn gbwiuboc ldim OCBK mcpbdgcubqcgc qikncoebdck wckcm ldim QEK eldim gbcknncq piecncb Bpwbeg cd gck gbocpyffck gb

ec~cm fcwinlub —̂ cfh Bpwbeg cd‟ jbfc oioikymb fubwiubc rckn gbwiwcqfck gcdco ykgckn/ykgckn

~cfch Bpdco+72

Kcoyk giobfbck$ gcdco ficgcck wiuwikwy91

~cfch Bpwbeg cd bkb wbgcf eldimgbcknncq pioqyukc pidcnb ockhccw ~cfch rckn gbkbcwfck ldim qi~cfch wbgcf gcqcw

gbdcknpyknfck+ Jbfc qbmcf OCBK oikiuboc ~ckn qcoqcpck bkb gck gbeifyfck wckqc

oi~yjygfck pioydc cpiw rckn figyc piecncb ~cfch oiknnckwbfck cpiw qiuwcoc rckn gbcoebd$

eiuocfkc ockhccw rckn gbkbcwfck ldim qi~cfch wyuyw pcoc eify gck pi`cuc wbgcf dcknpykn cqc

rckn gbmcjcwb ldim qi~cfch wbgcf fipcoqcbck+ Cocdck bkb jidcp oikrcdcmb fcigcm qiuykgcknck

7>Cd/Prbuebkb$ Prco cd/Gbk Oymcoocg e+ Oymcoocg cd/Fmcwbe -3227"$ Oynmkb cd/Oymw c j bdc Oc‛ubhcw cd /Oc‛ ckb

Cdhc z cd/Obkmc j$ jdg+0$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Fywye cd/‛Bdobrrcm$ mdo+97=+ 7=

Cd/Cprscu$ Oymcoocg Pydcrock e+ ‛Ceg Cddcm -5113"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+0>+72

Pbwb Ocpmbwlm Ocmcollg -5113"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+2+91

Ecnb wckcm ~cfch Co rckn wbgcf oioqykrcb kbdcb iflklobf$ gck wbgcf gbypcmcfck cgcdcm wbgcf oiuynbfck

OCBK jbfc wiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck+ Eiueizc ficgcckkrc ecnb wckcm ~cfch fmcp$ piqiuwb wckcm ~cfch ockhccw

ykwyf ocpjbg, pyucy gck fyeyu$ wckcm ~cfch Zyubcw gck dcbk/dcbk rckn qiudy gbbpwbegcd giknck fcgcu piniuc+



31

~cfch gck Bpwbeg cd gcdco Bpdco+ Jypwiuy$ ecnb oikiuypfck kbcw qi~cfch bkb$ qioinckn cockcm

mikgcfdcm eiuypcmc pigcrc yqcrc oi~yjygfck cpiw rckn figyc oiknnckwbfck cpiw rckn qiuwcocgck pincdc mcpbd cwcy qikgcqcwckkrc mikgcfdcm gbcqdbfcpbfck fiqcgc wyjyck/wyjyck piecncbockc

rckn gbbfucufck ldim qi~cfch cwcyqyk fiqcgc eikihbpbcubkrc+ Gcdco ypcmc ykwyf oiuicdbpcpbfck

fcigcm ~cfch Bpwbeg cd bkb eyfckdcm pipycwy rckn oygcm gck eldim gbdcfyfck giknck pi~ikckn/

~ikcknkrc+ Cpiw ecuy rckn mikgcf gbnckwb bwy mikgcfdcm oikrcocb cwcy diebm ecbf gcubqcgcrckn qiuwcoc+

Pi`cuc fipidyuymckkrc$ hcw~c/hcw~c rckn gbfidycufck ldim OCBK widcm oikiwcqfck ecmc~cecnb piwbcq wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd ldim QEK mikgcfdcm gbecrcu qcoqcpck pcoc cgc gcdco

eikwyf ~ckn eiugcpcufck mcunc kbdcbck piocpc cwcy gcdco eikwyf wckcm+ Pifbuckrc gbeiub gcdco

eikwyf ~ckn qcoqcpck mikgcfdcm gbnykcfck ykwyf oioeidb wckcm dcbk piecncb nckwb ~cfch$ gck

wbgcf pidcbkkrc+ Fiqywypck bkb widcm gbpiqcfcwb gck gbqiupiwyjyb ldim pioyc hcw~c kiniub rcknwiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck wckcm ~cfch+ Qbmcf rckn gbwyncpfck ykwyf oiknikgcdbfck

wcknnyknjc~ce bkb cgcdcm gbeiubfck fiqcgc OCBK gck eyfckkrc Qikwcgebu Wckcm+

9+1+3 Fiqywypck Ocjdbp Hcw~c Fiecknpcck

Bpy wckcm/wckcm ~cfch gbcoebd ldim qbmcf fiucjcck widcm oydc oikgcqcw qiumcwbck qbmcf

eiufycpc cncoc+ Ocjdbp Hcw~c Fiecknpcck widcm eiupbgckn qcgc 55 Cqubd 3222$ OyzcfcucmJc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c Fcdb Fi/78 widcm oioebk`cknfck bpy bkb gb ec~cm wcjyf myfyo

oikriucmfck piecmcnbck wckcm ~cfch fiqcgc qbmcf eiufycpc+ Fiqywypck hcw~c wiupieyw

eiueykrb:93

c+ Wckcm ~cfch wbgcf eldim pcoc pifcdb gbqbkgcm obdbf fi`ycdb fiuckc

gcuyucw rckn oioiudyfck giobfbck eiugcpcufck prcucw/prcucw rckn

wiuwikwy+e+ Wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd gbqbkgcm obdbf fiqcgc fiucjcck$ mikgcfdcm

gbecrcu qcoqcpck oiknbfyw kbdcb wckcm rckn gbcoebd cwcy

oiknnckwbfck giknck wckcm dcbk rckn piwcuc cwcy rckn diebm ecbf

kbdcbkrc+

`+ Wckcm ~cfch rckn mikgcf gbecknykfck mikgcfdcm gbfi`ycdbfck prcucw

qikriucmck wckcm ykwyf wyjyck qioebkcck fioygcmck c~co piqiuwb

jcdck$ pcdbuck$ wcqcf qik`c~ckn idiwubf gck piecncbkrc+

g+ Ecnb wckcm ~cfch fmcp ykwyf wyjyck/wyjyck wiuwikwy piqiuwb ocpjbg$

pifldcm gck piyoqcockrc qbmcf rckn oikncoebd wckcm bwy mikgcfdcm

oioqiuykwyffck ecmcnbck/ecmcnbck rckn wiuwikwy piecncb nckwbck

wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd oiknbfyw kbdcb piocpc ecnb oiknifcdfckpwcwyp ~cfch wiupieyw+ @lkwlmkrc ecknykck eiuwbknfcw/wbknfcw rckn

gbgbubfck$ eieiucqc ykbw wiuwikwy oiknbfyw kbdcb piocpc gbqiuykwyffck

ykwyf ocpjbg$ pifldcm cwcy piecncbkrc piqiuwb rckn gbkbcwfck ldim

qi~cfch+

93mwwq:,,bkhcg+fybo+igy+or,olgydip+qmq



33

Hcw~c rckn gbfidycufck ldim Ocjdbp Hcw~c Fiecknpcck bkb oikykjyffck ecmc~c qcgc gcpcukrc

wckcm ~cfch wbgcf eldim gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck giknck pi~ikckn/~ikckn cwcy wckqc cdcpck rcknoykcpcecm+ Fimcuypck qikncoebdck wiupieyw wbgcf eldim gbmyfyo piecncb oywdcf fiuckc bc

wiubfcw giknck prcucw/prcucw rckn wiufckgykn gcdco qiuykgcknck ~cfch Bpdco+ Qucprcucw

fimcuypck bwy cgcdcm eiunckwykn fiqcgc ficgcck+ Pifbuckrc ficgcck widcm gbcknncq fubwbfcd gck

wbcgc qbdbmck dcbk cwcy gcu yucm$ ocfc gcdco ficgcck bkbdcm rckn oiknyecm cpcd myfyoqikncoebdck wckcm ~cfch gcdco Bpdco+ Gcdco mcd bkb qbmcf fiucjcck widcm gbeiub qbdbmck pcoc

cgc ykwyf oiknnckwbfckkrc giknck kbdcb bcbwy qcoqcpck eiueikwyf ~ckn cwcy oiknnckwbfckkrc

giknck wckcm dcbk rckn oioqykrcb kbdcb rckn pcoc cwcy diebm ecbf gcubqcgc rckn qiuwcocgiknck oiuyjyf fiqcgc prcucw/prcucw rckn wiufckgykn gcdco flkpiq Bpwbeg cd wckcm ~cfch+

9+1+5 Hcw~c Jcecwck Oyhwb Fiucjcck Kiniub Wiuiknncky

Gb Wiuiknncky$ oikidbwb hcw~c/hcw~c rckn gbqywypfck ldim Jcecwck Oyhwb Fiucjcck Kiniub

Wiuiknncky pijcf wcmyk 3293/5118 wbgcf eckrcf oiknidycufck hcw~c eiufcbwck ocpcdcm

qikncoebdck wckcm ~cfch gck bpy qioecknykck Bpwbeg cd wckcm ~cfch+95

Bkb eiueizc giknck

hcw~c/hcw~c yoyo eiufcbwck ~cfch eckrcf gbuyjyf fiqcgc Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c gck gbqywypfckgb gcdco obkbw oiprycucw Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Gck Cgcw Bpwbcgcw Oidcry -OCBGCO"+90

Qcgc wcmyk 3221$ Oyhwb Fiucjcck Kiniub Gcwl“ Iknfy Cd~b ebk Iknfy Mj Coecf widcmoiknidycufck hcw~c wikwckn qikncoebdck wckcm gck bpy Bpwbeg cd giknck oiuyjyf fiqcgc

eieiucqc eycm fbwce piqiuwb Oynmkb cd/Oymw c j$ M cprbrcm cd/Jcocd$ Kbmc rcm cd/Oymwcj+ Hcw~c

bkb cgcdcm ckwcuc rckn qiuwcoc gb kiniub Wiuiknncky rckn oioebk`cknfck bpy qikncoebdckwckcm+ Hcw~c wiupieyw eiueykrb:

Pipycwy eikgc bwy cqcebdc gb~cfchfck ocfc giknck bwy mcf obdbf

ioqykrckrc wiumcgcq eikgc bwy wiudy`ywdcm gck piuikwcf giknck bwy mcf

obdbfkrc eiuqbkgcmdcm fiqcgc Cddcm P^W+ Ldim bwy qiknc~cd mcuwc ~cfch mikgcfdcm oioqiuwcmckfck mcuwc bwy rckn widcm gbcockcmfckkrc ykwyf

oiknc~cdb mcuwc wiupieyw pyqcrc bc wiuyp wiuqidbmcuc gck gcqcw

gbockhccwfck piecncbockc rckn gbwikwyfck ldim luckn rckn

oi~cfchfckkrc+ Qiknc~cd ~cfch jync mikgcfdcm oioqiuwcmckfck

pigcrc/yqcrckrc mcuwc/mcuwc ~cfch gb ec~cm fc~cdckkrc pyqcrc wbgcf

gbpbc/pbcfck wyjyck luckn rckn oi~cfchfckkrc+ Pifbuckrc gcdco

ficgcck wiuwikwy eiudcfy pipycwy wiumcgcq mcuwc ~cfch rckn

oikriecefck mcuwc rckn gb~cfchfck bwy wiudiqcp gcubqcgc fc~cdck

qiknc~cd gck mcd bwy cgcdcm gbdycu fiyqcrcckkrc$ ocfc mcuwc ~cfch bwy

eldimdcm gbfbuc piecncb mcuwc ~cfch rckn widcm gbulpcffck gck qiknc~cd

eiumcfdcm oikgcqcwfck nckwbkrc bcbwy mcunckrc

Gb gcdco oioeycw fiqywypck bkb Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c widcm oikiwcqfck eieiucqc prcucw

eiufcbwck wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck piqiuwb eiubfyw:

95Kllu Kciocm Ceg Ucmock$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+8+

90Cmocg Mbgcrcw Eyckn -5117"$ —Ckcdbpbp Hcw~c/hcw~c Prcubcm gb Ocdcrpbc‟$ gcdco Cmocg Mbgcrcw Eyckn iw+ cd+

-ig+"$ Hcw~c gb Ocdcrpbc$ `iw+3$ Fycdc Dyoqyu: Jcecwck Prcubcm gck Ykgckn/ykgckn Ykbxiupbwb Ocdcrc$ mdo+382+



35

b+ Wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd ecdbf mikgcfdcm gbnckwb giknck wckcm rckn piqiuwbkrc

gck fioygbck gbdchczfck giknck Pbnmcm ^cfch6

bb+ Wckcm gcubqcgc jikbp qcgb rckn gbcoebd ecdbf mikgcfdcm gbnckwb giknck wckcm

rckn pcoc jikbp giknckkrc6

bbb+ Pidcnb cgc wckcm rckn pcoc jikbp gb gcdco fc~cpck rckn pifbwcukrc ocfc

wbgcfdcm mcuyp gb`cub nckwb gb fc~cpck/fc~cpck rckn dcbk6bx+ Bpwbeg cd gbdcfyfck giknck kbdcbck mcunc wckcm rckn gbcoebd gck qbmcf qiknc~cd

mikgcfdcm oioqiuwcmckfck kbdcb rckn gbecrcu bwy cgcdcm mcunckrc+ Giknck bwy

plcd oikgcqcwfck nckwb giknck fidycpck rckn wbgcf pcoc gbpiecefck kbdcb rckn

piocfbk wbknnb cgcdcm wbgcf wboeyd+

x+ ^ckn diebmck gcub oioeidb nckwbck ~cfch mikgcfdcm gbeidb pifcgcu rckn eldim

gcub ecmcnbck wiumcgcq nckwbck

Eiugcpcufck fiqcgc fiqywypck hcw~c Oyhwb Fiucjcck Kiniub Wiuiknncky rckn gbfidycufck qcgc

wcmyk 3221 ldim Gcwl“ Iknfy Cd~b ebk Iknfy Mj Coecf bkb jidcp oikykjyffck ecmc~c wckcm/

wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck oik`yfyqb mckrc QEK oiknnckwbfckkrc giknckecrcuck qcoqcpck pcmcjc+ Ockcfcdc qbmcf rckn gbqiuwcknnyknjc~ce piqikymkrc cgcdcm

OCBGCO ykwyf oiknnckwbfckkrc oiknbfyw prcucw/prcucw rckn gbwiwcqfck+ Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~cwidcm oioeycw qikiwcqck gck ncubp qckgyck ecmc~c wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck

mikgcfdcm gbnckwb pioydc giknck wckcm rckn dcbk piecncb nckwb ~cfch+ Wckcm/wckcm rckn mikgcf

gbnckwb bwy mikgcfdcm wckcm jikbp qiknnykcck rckn pcoc gck eiucgc gb fc~cpck rckn

eiumcoqbuck piuwc oioqykrcb kbdcb rckn pcoc+

Einbwy jync qcgc wcmyk 322>$ Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c widcm oiknidycufck hcw~c fiqcgc Qikncucm

Wckcm gck Ncdbck Wiuiknncky+ Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c wiupieyw oiknncubpfck qiucwyuck ecmc~cpiecuckn qikncoebdck rckn oidbecwfck wckcm ~cfch mikgcfdcm oikgcqcw fidydypck OCBGCO

wiudiebm gcmydy+ Bkb eiuocfkc jbfc wbgcf oikgcqcw fidydypck cwcy fibzbkck OCBGCO wbkgcfckqikncoebdck bwy cgcdcm wbgcf pcm gck eiudc~ckck giknck Ikcfoik Qikwcgebuck Mcd Im~cd

Cncoc Bpdco 32=8$ Pifprik 370+ Pidcbk bwy Qikwcgebu Wckcm Fycdc Wiuiknncky mikgcfdcmoioecrcu qcoqcpck pcoc cgc wckcm ~cfch wiupieyw gbgchwcufck cwcp kcoc Ocjdbp cwcy

piecdbfkrc+

—Qikncoebdck ecdbf pipycwy rckn gb~cfchfck w bgcfdcm pioygcm cqc rckn wiujcgb

gb ocpc/ocpc dcoqcy$ bc qiudy fiqcgc fidydypck OCBGCO pidcfy qiknc~cd

wyknncd ecnb pioyc ~cfch piecncbockc rckn gbqiuykwyffck gcdco Ikcfoik

Qikwcegbuck Mcd Im~cd Cncoc Bpdco 32=8 Pifprik 370 gck pifbuckrc gbdydypfck

ocfc nckwbck cwcy ecrcuck mikgcfdcm gbeycw fiqcgc Ocjdbp Cncoc ykwyf

gbcoebd wbkgcfck rckn pi~cjcukrc‟+

97

Pidcbk hcw~c gb cwcp$ Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c kiniub Wiuiknncky jync widcm oioeycw fiqywypck

ecmc~c pioyc wckcm fiucjcck rckn gbnykcfck ecnb wyjyck cfwbxbwb ficncocck myfyokrc cgcdcm

pcoc piqiuwb wckcm ~cfch rckn dcbk+ Wckcm ~cfch mikgcfdcm gbfifcdfck ~cdcy gcdco cqc jycficgcck pifcdbqyk+ Pifbuckrc eiudcfy ficgcck oikgipcf gck fiqikwbknck luckn ucocb qiudy

97Pyucw Oyhwb fiqcgc QWG FW- OCBGCO 13/118,37 Emn 2/2/-91" eiuwcubfm qg 3=,Klx,322>+



30

gbywcocfck$ ocfc wckcm wiupieyw eldim gbcoebd giknck prcucw gbecrcu nckwb uynb cwcy qcoqcpck+

Gb qbmcf OCBGCO mikgcfdcm eiuypcmc oikgcqcwfck wckcm rckn dcbk piecncb nckwb ~cfch+99

Ecnb fcwinlub wckcm qiufyeyuck qydc Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c pi`cuc jidcp eiuqckgcknck ecmc~c bc

wbgcf eldim gbmcqypfck ecnb wyjyck qioecknykck+ Ockc/ockc wckcm wcqcf fyeyu mikgcfdcm

gbfifcd giknck picgckrc+ Hcw~c wiupieyw oikrcwcfck:98

Wckcm qiufyeyuck Bpdco wbgcf eldim gbmcqypfck fiuckc bc cgcdcm eiu`cknncm

giknck fimikgcf cjcuck Bpdco rckn oiknmikgcfb:

Bpdco oiknmluocwb gck oioeiub qiudbkgyknck fiqcgc luckn/luckn Bpdco

rckn pygcm ocwb piqiuwbockc gbeiubfck piocpc mbgyq gb ockc myfyo/myfyo

oiknikcbkrc gbjidcpfck gb gcdco fbwce/fbwce Hifcm+ Gb ckwcuc dcbk bcbwy fyeyu

gb ockc pipiluckn bwy gbwckco cgcdcm oikjcgb mcfkrc+ Ldim bwy mcuco

oikìulelmb fyeyu pcoc cgc giknck oiknikgcdb$ oioelknfcu cwcy

piecncbkrc+

Wckcm qiufyeyuck Bpdco rckn ebcpckrc gbwckco luckn/luckn Bpdco qcgckrcwbgcf gbfiwcmyb qi~cfchkrc cgcdcm gbbpwbdcmfck ldim ydcoc hifcm giknck

—oypecdcm‟ gck wckcm qiufyeyuck gb gcdco ecmcnbck bwy wiuyp fifcd piecncb

wckcm qiufyeyuck gck oiknbfyw myfyo Bpdco wbgcf cgc pipbcqcqyk rckn eldim

oiknyecmkrc+

9+1+0 Fiqywypck Jc~cwck Fycpc Hcw~c Kiniub Figcm

Gb kiniub Figcm$ Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c Kiniub widcm oioeycw fiqywypck ecmc~c qikncoebdck

wckcm rckn wiudbecw giknck wcqcf$ fc~cpck gck pwuyfwyu ecknykck ocpjbg gck pyucy mikgcfdcmgbfi`ycdbfck cwcy gbidcffck wiuyp gcubqcgc piecuckn qikncoebdck wckcm+ Wcqcf gck ecknykck

ocpjbg mikgcfdcm gbqiuwcmckfck gck gbfifcdfck piecncb wcqcf ocpjbg+ Pifbuckrc quljif rcknmikgcf gbjcdckfck bwy cgcdcm ecnb wyjyck qioebkcck jcdck cwcy wyjyck c~co dcbk rckn wbgcf

eldim gbidcffck$ ocfc qikncoebdck wckcm eldim gbeycw giknck figygyfckkrc eiujcymck gcubfc~cpck ocpjbg cwcy pyucy+ Ockcfcdc ecmcnbck wckcm rckn wiudbecw mikgcfdcm gbnckwb wckcm dcbk

giknck fidycpck rckn pcoc wcuch giknckkrc+ Ecknykck ocpjbg gck pyucy qydc oipwb gbebkc

ecknykck rckn ecuy gb cwcp wcqcf rckn dcbk+

Qikncoebdck wcqcf, fc~cpck ocpjbg rckn wiudbecw giknck quljif oikcbfwcuch

dcdyck F31 gcub Qifck Nyuyk fi Qifck Pbf Figcm gbfi`ycdbfck pcoc cgc bc

wiudbecw giknck qioeipcuck jcdck cwcy gbjcgbfck pboqckck pcmcjc+ Wcqcf

ocpjbg pcoc pifcdb wbgcf eldim gbncknny$ gbìulelm cwcy gbìocufck9>

Ecnb qikncoebdck wckcm rckn wiudbecw giknck wcqcf qiufyeyuck Bpdco mikgcfdcm gbnckwb giknck jyodcm fidycpck rckn pcoc gck fyeyu/fyeyu rckn wiudbecw mikgcfdcm gbqbkgcmfck fi fc~cpck

eiumcoqbuck+ Eiufcbwck giknck wckcm fyeyu bkb jync Hcw~c Jcecwck Oyhwb Fiucjcck Kiniub

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99Dbmcw Hcbd Qikncoebdck Wckcm ^cfch 10/110 -07"+


9>Oiprycucw Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c Kiniub Figcm qcgc 31me+ Jydcb 5119



37

giknck wckcm qiufyeyuck rckn wbgcf qiudy gbqbkgcm giknck oidbmcw fiqcgc qiueizcck ypbc wckcm

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wiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck wckcm ykwyf wyjyck qioeipcuck jcdck+ Cdcpck rckn gbfioyfcfck

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Wbcgc fiwincmck qcgc prcuc“ qikncoebdck wckcm rckn oidbecwfck wckcm qiufyeyuck ecnb wyjyck oioqiueipcufck eck fcoqykn fiuckc

qioeipcuck bwy cgcdcm ocpdcmcm co fiqcgc ocprcucfcw+ Ockc/ockc

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gcdco wioqlm bwy qcgc nmldbekrc jyzy“ / jyzy“ ocrcw pioyckrc widcm

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fi ec~cm mikgcfdcm gbncdb cwcy gbfluif giknck `iuocw gck jbfc gbgcqcwb

jyzy“ / jyzy“ ocrcw ocfc mikgcfdcm gbmboqykfck gck jbfc gbwckco pioydcgb ockc/ockc wckcm qiufyeyuck Bpdco+

9+1+7 Fiqywypck Jc~cwckfycpc Prcubcm Kiniub Oidcfc

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rckn gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck mikgcfdcm gbecrcu qcoqcpck gck qiknnckwbck wckcm dcbk qiudy gbeycwldim OCBO piecncb nckwb wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd+92 Hcw~c wiupieyw oikjidcpfck:

Ecmc~c oikyuyw myfyo prcucf wckcm/wckcm ~cfch wbgcf eldim gbjycd eidb$

wbgcf eldim gbeiubfck fiqcgc pipbcqc gck wbgcf eldim gbqbkgcm obdbf+

Giobfbckdcm piecncbockc rckn eiudcfy qcgc ~cfch pcrrbgbkc Yocu cd/Fmcwwce u+c+ wckcmkrc gb Fmcbecu$ rckn ockc oikjcgb ~cfch rckn

qiuwcoc gcdco Bpdco+

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~cfch gck oikykcbfck fimikgcf rckn eiu~cfch+

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9=mwwq:,,bkhcg+fybo+igy+or,olgydip+qmq

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Oidcfc -OCBO"$ qcgc 39,33,5118$ gb Qijcecw OCBO+



39

9+1+9 Fiqywypck Dyjkcm Hcw~c Kiniub Jlmlu

Gb kiniub Jlmlu$83 wbgcf wiugcqcw eckrcf wckcm ~cfch rckn wiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck ldim

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5117$ widcm oioeycw fiqywypck ecmc~c:

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kbdcbck ecfb fidycpck bcbwy 1+=7 ifcu fiqcgc Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Kiniub

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fiucjcck+

9+1+8 Fiqywypck Jioccm Ydcoc Hcw~c Kiniub Fidckwck

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jync wiuqcfcb jync fiqcgc wckcm ~cfch obdbf OCBF+ Oiprycucw Jioccm Ydcocf OCBF qcgc

3>me+ Jydcb 3227 widcm oioqiupiwyjyb:85

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cqc oypdbmcw yoyo qcgckrc$ ocfc myfyokrc wbgcf mcuyp6

83Uyjyfck Hcbd -5" gdo+ JOJ818, ^CFCH -^"/5,5117+




38

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gcub qiobdbfkrc6

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b+ Mcgbwm Ucpydyddcm pc~ rckn eiuocfpyg: —Wbgcf mcdcd mcuwc pipiluckn Bpdco

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gboygcucwfck+‟

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9+1+> Fiqywypck Jc~cwckfycpc Prcubcm Kiniub Qiucf

Gb kiniub Qiucf$80

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87 Czbzbck Ebk Mcobg -3222"$ —Qikwcgebuck gck Qiknyuypck Mcuwc Wckcm ^cfch gb Ocdcrpbc‟$ -Fiuwcp Fiujc

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3>

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Gb kiniub Figcm$8=

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ldim fiucjcck$ pcwy —Jc~cwckfycpc Qioeidbck Wckcm‟ widcm gbwyeymfck giknck gbqikniuypbfck

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89 Gb Pbkncqyuc$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Pbkncqyuc OCBP widcm oidckwbf ckcf Prcubfcw ^cuiip Bkxikpwoikw Qwi Dwg

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—Qioecknykck Mcuwc ^cfch: Qikncdcock Kincuc/kincuc Bpdco‟$ -Flkxikprik ^cfch Fiecknpcck 5118 $ Ckjyuck

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Bpdco$ JCFBO$ Ebd+30$ 5111$ mdo+05+8> Oikyuyw Rn+ Emn Gcwl“ Mj Cd~b Ebk Oymcocg$ Fiwyc Qinc~cb Ifpifywbh OCBGCO$ pioyc wckcm/wckcm ~cfch

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wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd cgcdcm pigbfbw gck wbgcf oikboeydfck ocpcdcm rckn fubwbfcd+ Ocfcfiqiudyck fiqcgc wckcm/wckcm dcbk piecncb nckwb eidyo gbqywypfck ldim OCBO+ Wcoecmck qydc

qbmcf fiucjcck wyuyw oioeiub plflknck fiqcgc Jcecwck Cncoc Bpdco Oidcfc -JCBO" giknck

oidydypfck wckcm wcqcf fyeyu pidycp =9 ifcu ykwyf gyc gciucm Oidcfc Wikncm gck Jcpbk+

Ockcfcdc ecnb gciucm Cdlu Ncjcm ocpbm gcdco qulpip oikgcqcwfck wckcm+82

>+1 FIPBOQYDCK GCK @CGCKNCK

Qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd ecnb wckcm rckn gbcoebd ldim fiucjcck wbgcf eldim gbwcknnym cwcygbdcoecwfck+ Bc mikgcfdcm gbdcfyfck pieiucqc piniuc ldim qioinckn cockcm ecnb oikjcnc

fiqikwbknck qi~cfch gck yocw Bpdco pidyuymkrc piuwc oiknidcffck gcubqcgc eiudcfykrc

qikrcdcmnykcck ~ckn qcoqcpck$ pidcbk fikcbfck kbdcb wckcm piocpc+ Qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd qiudyoikncoebdfbuc pioyc qckgcknck ydcoc Hbsm wckqc wiubfcw cwcy gbflknflkn giknck pcwy oczmce

gck gbpidcucpfck oiknbfyw fiqywypck Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c Kiniub gck Fiecknpcck+ Fcigcm cwcy

qulpigyu Bpwbeg cd rckn gbfidycufck ldim Jcecwck Zcfcw ^cfch gck Mcjb oidcdyb eyfy OckycdQiknyuypck Wckcm ^cfch eldim gbbfywb piecncb qckgyck ecnb oi~yjygfck fipiucncock fiujc

ckwcuc kiniub/kiniub+ Flkpiq qiknnckwbck ckwcuc wckcm ~cfch Co$ Fmcp gck Zyubcw mikgcfdcm

gbeizcfck$ wiuocpyf wckcm ~cfch rckn gbcoebd pi`cuc fipidyuymck wckcm giknck wckcm rckn

gbcoebd piecmcnbck+ Eieiucqc `cgcknck wikwckn fcigcm qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd ecnb wckcm ~cfch Co$ Fmcp gck Zyubcw rckn wiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck wckcm ldim QEK cgcdcm piecncbockc

eiubfyw:

82Wioyeycd: Ik+ Olmg Mcbuyd Cobk ebk Olmg Pbp$ Fiwyc Ecmcnbck ^cfch gck Pyoeiu Co$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco

Oidcfc -OCBO"$ qcgc 39,33,5118$ gb Qijcecw OCBO+



32

>+1+3 Wckcm rckn Gbcoebd Pi`cuc Fipidyuymck

Ecnb wckcm rckn gbcoebd oidbecwfck fipioyc wckcm cwcy piecmcnbck eipcu gcubqcgckrc

mikgcfdcm gbnckwb wckcm giknck wckcm -cd/‛Cscu eb cd /‛Cscu" piqikymkrc pcoc cgc ~cfch Co$

Fmcp cwcy ~cfch Zyubcw+ Fiywcocck nckwbck wckcm giknck wckcm ecnb qikncoebdck rckn

oidbecwfck fidycpck rckn eipcu cgcdcm ecnb oioygcmfck yuypck qbmcf cnikpb gck OCBKoikgcqcwfck wckcm dcbk rckn oioqykrcb fidycpck gck jikbp rckn pcoc+ Pcbz fidycpck wckcm

rckn dycp cncf pikckn ykwyf gbeidb piecncb Bpwbeg cd+

>+1+5 Qikncoebdck Piecmcnbck Fi`bd Wckcm ^cfch

Ecnb wckcm rckn gbcoebd piecmcnbck fi`bd pcmcjc jyodcm fidycpckkrc gck ecrcuck qcoqcpck

rckn pigbfbw pyfcu ykwyf gbnckwb giknck wckcm+ Ldim bwy bc wbgcf qiudy fiqcgc nckwbck wckcmgiknck wckcm+ Ocdcm oik`yfyqb mckrc gbecrcu giknck ~ckn piecncb qcoqcpck+ Pifbuckrc qiudy

gbnckwb jync giknck wckcm$ bc cgcdcm wiudcdy pyfcu gck oypwcmbd ykwyf gbdcfpckcfck+ Ecnb fcwinlub

fidycpck wckcm piqiuwb bkb$ cgcdcm gb`cgcknfck cncu kbdcb qcoqcpck wckcm/wckcm ~cfch Fmcp gck

Co ocpbkn/ocpbkn gbpcwyfck+ Oidcdyb fcigcm bkb pioyc kbdcb qcoqcpck rckn gbecrcu ldimfiucjcck$ gbnceykn gck gbpcwyfck oikjcgb jyodcm rckn eipcu oiknbfyw fcwinlub ~cfch+ Giknck

jyodcm rckn eipcu OCBK ocoqy oioeidb wckcm dcbk rckn oioqykrcb kbdcb floiupbd piecncbnckwb wckcm rckn widcm gbcoebd+ Fip rckn pcoc jync eldim gbcqdbfcpbfck fiqcgc wckcm jikbp

~cfch Zyubcw+ Pincdc ockhccw gcubqcgc cpiw rckn ecuy bwy cfck gbpcdyufck fioecdb cwcy gbcnbmfck

fiqcgc cmdb ~cubpkrc oiknbfyw `cuc qioecmcnbck cpiw rckn qiuwcoc+ Jc~cwckfycpc hcw~c

mikgcfdcm oiknfcjb gck oiknidycufck hcw~c rckn oioeldimfck ~ckn/~ckn bkb gbpcwyfck gckeldim gbnykcfck ykwyf oioeidb pipycwy pidcbk wckcm rckn gbcknncq oikryfcufck qbmcf OCBK

jbfc gbwiwcqfck wckcm mikgcfdcm gbnckwb giknck wckcm piecncbockc hcw~c pieidyo bkb+

>+1+0 Qikncoebdck Wckcm ^cfch Wcqcf Ocpjbg Pyucy Gck Fyeyu

Ecnb wckcm jikbp ~cfch ocpjbg gck pyucy wiugcqcw gyc jikbp fcwinlub qiknnykcck rckn

gbprcucwfck ldim qi~cfch+ Gyc fcwinlub bkb qiudy gbcoebd qiumcwbck fiuckc eikwyf finykcckockhccwkrc eiueizc ckwcuc pcwy pcoc dcbk+ Wiugcqcw qi~cfch rckn oi~cfchfck wckcm ykwyf

wcqcf ocpjbg gck pyucy pi`cuc fmypyp+ Wckcm bkb pioiocknkrc gbockhccwfck ykwyf gbgbubfck

giknck ocpjbg cwcy pyucy rckn gbocfpygfck+ Pcwy dcnbkrc bcdcm wckcm rckn gb~cfchfck ykwyf ockhccw ocpjbg gck pyucy+ Pincdc mcpbd rckn gbqiuldim gcub wckcm rckn gbypcmcfck bwy mikgcfdcm

gbpcdyufck fiqcgc ocpjbg gck pyucy ykwyf qikridiknncucck ocpjbg eiufikcck+ Fcigcm

qidcfpckcck Bpwbeg cd wckcm/wckcm jikbp bkb cgcdcm piqiuwbockc eiubfyw:

b+ Ecnb ecknykck ocpjbg, pyucy rckn wiudbecw giknck qikncoebdck wckqc oidbecwfckfipidyuymck wckcm gck ecknykck$ qbmcf cnikpb qiudy oikcknnykn flp oioecbfqydbm

ecknykck ocpjbg gck pyucy piecncbockc eikwyfkrc rckn cpcd giknck oikgcqcwqiupiwyjyck gcubqcgc Cmdb Jc~cwckfycpc Ocpjbg, pyucy eiufikcck+bb+ Ockcfcdc ecnb wcqcf ocpjbg gck pyucy rckn oidbecwfck qikncoebdck pi`cuc

fipidyuymck wiuocpyf jync ecknykck$ qbmcf cnikpb, qiocjy mikgcfdcm oioebkc

pioydc ecknykck ocpjbg, pyucy rckn ecuy gb cwcp wcqcf rckn ecuy gck wckcm, wcqcf

wiupieyw gbnckwb giknck jyodcm fidycpck rckn pcoc giknck fidycpck qikncoebdck+Pifbuckrc qbmcf qiocjy, cnikpb mckrc oikc~cufck nckwbck giknck ~ckn qcoqcpck$

ocfc pygcm wikwy eckrcf oikboeydfck ocpcdcm wiuywcoc gcub pinb wckcm pyfcu



51

gbnckwb gck qioebkcck pioydc ocpjbg, pyucy oikidck flp rckn wbknnb gck pyfcu ykwyf

gbjcknfcfck+ Qbmcf cnikpb eldim oikgcqcwfck wckcm dcbk rckn eiucgc gb dlfcpb rckneiugifcwck cwcy eiupieidcmck giknck wckcm rckn cpcd+

bbb+ Pioikwcuc wckcm qiufyeyuck Bpdco rckn wiudbecw mikgcfdcm gbnckwb giknck wckcm jync+

Fyeyu/fyeyu rckn dcoc qiudy gbqbkgcmfck fi wckcm qiufyeyuck Bpdco rckn ecuy+

Gcub cpqif Cfwc Qikncoebdck Wckcm 3281$ qiuykwyfck Pifprik 39-3" qiudy gbfycwfycpcfck

fmypypkrc gcdco oioeiub mcf gck qbdbmck fiqcgc OCBK$ pidcfy qiobdbf wckcm ykwyf oioeycw

fiqywypck+ Qbmcf fiucjcck wbgcf eldim oikridipcbfck ocpcdcm giknck oikrieidcmb fiqcgc pcwyqbmcf pcmcjc$ gck oikncecbfck qbmcf dcbk rckn gbdy`ywfck mcf obdbf oiuifc+ Gcdco fip

qikncoebdck wckcm ~cfch$ OCBK mikgcfdcm gbeiub qidyckn rckn pidycp/dycpkrc ykwyf oikriuwcb

quljif qioecknykck rckn gbhbfbufck pipycb$ cwcy oiknnckwbfck giknck wckcm rckn pcoc jikbp

cwcy diebm ecbf gcubqcgc rckn gbcoebd$ pidcbk qioeiubck ~ckn qcoqcpck rckn gbdcfyfckpieidyo bkb+ Pidcbk bwy cgcdcm gb`cgcknfck pyqcrc CQW 3281$ wckcm ~cfch gbfi`ycdbfck gcubqcgc

gbqbkgcm obdbf cwcy gbjycd fiqcgc qbmcf p~cpwc+ Flkpiq qiobkgcmck pi`cuc qcjcfck cgcdcm diebm

pipycb gbeiubfck fiqcgc qbmcf p~cpwc ecnb oiridcocwfck wckcm/wckcm bkb oikjcgb mcf obdbf

fifcd qbmcf/qbmcf dcbk+ Flkpiq qcjcfck gbjcobk oioeiub fiykwyknck fiqcgc OCBK gck yocwBpdco pidyuymkrc gcub pinb jcknfc qckjckn+

Pidcbk bwy$ gb qbmcf OCBK$ qiudykrc qikyeymck pieycm jc~cwckfycpc Bpwbeg cd rckn fmypyp

cgcdcm qikwbkn ecnb oidcfpckcfck wyncp/wyncp gck wcknnyknjc~ce oiknipck wckcm/wckcm

fiucjcck cwcy wckcm eiuobdbf rckn pipycb ykwyf gbeycw qiuolmlkck fiqcgc qikwcgebu wckcm gb

piwbcq gciucm+ Jc~cwckfycpc bkb eldim gbcknnlwcb eiupcoc ldim oiuifc rckn wiugbub gcubqcgc cmdb/cmdb cncoc gck nldlknck qulhipblkcd gck qbmcf qikwcgebu piqiuwb I}`l Fiucjcck Kiniub$

qikwcgebu wckcm$ qcfcu/qcfcu gck qiuck`ckn iflklob gck dcbk/dcbk qbmcf rckn eiufiqikwbknck

pidcbk qbmcf OCBK pikgbub+ Pidcbk bwy ecnb oidcfpckcfck obpb bkb giknck jcrckrc$ jc~cwckfycpcbkb eldim gbyuypfck ldim ckcf/ckcf prcubfcw rckn gbdckwbf pi`cuc pcm ldim OCBK+ Pincdc gcpcu$

qulpigyu gck fcigcm/fcigcm Bpwbeg cd cgcdcm gbqywypfck ldim cmdb jc~cwckfycpc bkb gck ckcf/ckcf prcubfcw rckn gbdckwbf cfck oikjcgb qidcfpckcfck fiqcgc cqc jyc qiuck`cknck rckn gbeycw ldim

Jc~cwckfycpc bkb+ Jc~cwckfycpc bkb jync eiuwbkgcf piecncb qiockwcy fiqcgc wyncp/wyncp rckngbdcfpckcfck oiuifc rckn oiobfyd wcknnyknjc~ce bkb +

Uyjyfck

Cey Zcmucm$ Oymcoocg -32>3"$ Oymcg mcucm h b cd/^csh$ `iw:5$ Fcmiucm: Gcu cd/Hbfu cd/‛Cuceb

Cegyd Mcdbo Ucodb$ Fcocuydzcock Pydcbock -5118"$ —Qioecknykck Mcuwc ^cfch: QikncdcockKincuc/kincuc Bpdco‟$ -Flkxikprik ^cfch Fiecknpcck 5118 $ Ckjyuck Jcecwck ^cfch Zcfcwgck Mcjb$ gb Mlwid Dinikg Fycdc Dyoqyu$ Qcgc 35/37 Piqwioeiu 5118"

Cmocg Hcuuc j Mcppck -32=8"$ Cmf co cd/^c pc rc ~c cd/C~sc h h b cd/Prcu b” cm cd/Bpdcobrrcm$

Fcmiucm: Gcu cd/Jcob‛cm



53

Cmocg Mbgcrcw Eyckn -5117"$ —Ckcdbpbp Hcw~c/hcw~c Prcubcm gb Ocdcrpbc‟$ gcdco Cmocg

Mbgcrcw Eyckn iw+ cd+ -ig+"$ Hcw~c gb Ocdcrpbc$ ìw+3$ Fycdc Dyoqyu: Jcecwck Prcubcm gckYkgckn/ykgckn Ykbxiupbwb Ocdcrc

Czbzbck Ebk Mcobg -3222"$ —Qikwcgebuck gck Qiknyuypck Mcuwc Wckcm ^cfch gb Ocdcrpbc‟$

-Fiuwcp Fiujc Piobkcu Bkpwbwypb ^cfch Oikyjy fi Cucm Ecuy$ Ckjyuck Jcecwck QikwcgebuckWckcm$ Hcfydwb Fijyuywiucck gck Pcbkp Nilbkhluocpb$ Ykbxiupbwb Wifkldlnb Ocdcrpbc$ Pfygcb$

Qcgc = Jydcb 3222

Ecguck$ Ecguck Cey cd/‛Crkcrk -32=8" $ Cmf co cd/^c pc rc ~c cd/C~sc h h b cd/Prcu b ‛cm cd /

Bpdcobrrcm$ Fcmiucm: Gcu cd/Jcob‛cm

Cd/Gcugbu$ Ceb cd/Ecucf cw Cmocg e+ Oymcoocg e+ Cmocg -w+w+"$ Cd/Prcu m cd/Pcnmb u ‛cdc ‛Csucecd/Ocpcdbf bdc Ocgmmce cd/Boco O cdbf $ w+wq$ jdg+7$ @cbul: Gcu cd/Oc‛cubh

Cd/Nmczcdb$ Oymcoocg e+ Oymcoocg e+ Oymcoocg -322>"$ Cd/^c pb w h b cd/Ocgmmce$ ìw+3$

jdg+7$ Gcu cd/Pcdco

Mchbz cd/Gbk cd/ Kbphb$ Ceb cd/Ecucf cw ‛Ceg Cddcm e+ Cmocg -322>"$ Cd/Ecmu cd/Uc“bs Pmcum Fykz

cd/Gcsc“bs$ ìw+3$ jdg+9$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Fywye cd/Bdobrrcm

Mcppck ‛Ceg Cddcm cd/Cobk -3227"$ Bg cucm ~c/Wmcpob u Oyowcdbf cw cd/C~sch $ ìw+5+ Cd/Eckf cd/

Bpdcob db cd/Wckobrrcm cd/Oc”cmcg cd/Bpdcob

Mcppck ‛Ceg Cddcm cd/Cobk -3227"$ Bg cucm ~c/Wmcwmob u Oyowcdbf cw cd/C~sch $ ìw:5$ Cd/Eckf

cd/Bpdcob db cd/Wckobrrcm cd/Oc”cmcg cd/Bpdcob

Bek cd/Myoco$ Fcocd cd/Gbk Oymcoocg e+ ‛Ceg ^cmbg -32>>"$ Prcu m Hcw m cd/Scg b u $ ìw+3$ jdg+8$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Hbf

Bek Sygcocm$ Oy~chhcs cd/Gbk Oymcoocg ‛Ceg Cddcm e+ Cmocg e+ Oymcoocg -3222"$ Cd/

Oynmkb $ ìw+7$ jdg+=$ Gcu cd/‛Cdco cd/Fywye

Cd/Fmbkk$ Oypwchc Pc‛bg -3225"$ cd/Hbsm cd/Ockmcjb cdc Ocgmmce cd/Boco cd/Prc hb‛b$ ìw+0$

Gcoprbs: Gcu cd/‛Bdob

Cd/Fyecrpb$ Oymcoocg ‛Yecrg -32>>"$ Cmf co cd/^csh h b cd/Prcu b ‛cm cd /Bpdcobrrcm$ jdg+5$

Ecnmgcg: Ocw ec‛cm cd/Buprcg

Cd/Kc~c~b$ Cey Zcfcubrrc Rcmrc -5111"$ Uc~g cm cd/Wcdbeb k$ jdg+7$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Fywye cd/

‛Bdobrrcm

Cd/Kbpceyub$ Boco Ceb Mypcrk Oypdbo cd/Mcjjcj cd/Syprcbub -322>"$ P cmbm Oypdbo$ Ece cd/

^csh $ ìw:3$ jdg+ 0+ Oy“cppcpcm ‛Bz cd/Gbk



55

Kllu Kciocm Ceg Ucmock$ Dysock Mj Cegyddcm$ Ckbpcm Ceg Nmckb -5118"$ —Hcw~c/hcw~c

^cfch gb Ocdcrpbc: Ckcdbpc Fmypyp gb Kiniub Fidckwck‟$ -Flkxikprik ^cfch Fiecknpcck5118$ qcgc 35/37 Piqwioeiu 5118$ Ckjyuck Jcecwck ^cfch Zcfcw gck Mcjb$ gb Mlwid Dinikg

Fycdc Dyoqyu"

Cd/Ocrgckb$ ‛Ceg cd/Nmckb cd/Nmckbob -32=9"$ Cd/Dyece h b Prcu m cd/Fbw ce$ jdg+3$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Bmrc“ cd/Wyucwm cd/‛Cuceb

Olmg Gcyg Ecfcu -3222"$ —Cocdck Bkpwbwypb ^cfch Gb Eieiucqc Kincuc Bpdco: Pcwy

Qiueckgbknck$‟ gcdco Kbf Oypwcqmc Kbf Mcppck iw+ cd+ -ig"$ Flkpiq gck Qidcfpckcck ^cfch gb

Ocdcrpbc$ Fycdc Dyoqyu: Bkpwbwyw Fihcmcock Bpdco Ocdcrpbc -BFBO"

Olmg Chckgb Ebk Ocw Uckb -511="$ Qikncoebdck Wckcm ^cfch Ldim Qbmcf eiufycpc Kiniub:Ckcdbpbp Oikyuyw Myfyo Prcucf gck Cqdbfcpbkrc gb Ocdcrpbc$ Wipbp Qm+G$ Ykbxiupbwb Ocdcrc

Oymcoocg Fcocd cd/Gbk -322="$ Cd/^c pc rc ~c cd/C~sc h h b cd/Hbsm cd/Bpdcob $ Oy“cppcpcm cd/

Jco‛brrcm cd/Gbucpcw$

Sygcocm -5113"$ Cd/Oykcscdcm ~c cd/Bpwbegcd eb cd/C~sch$ gcdco Cd/Cprscu$ OymcoocgPydcrock$ iw+ cdd -ig" Ocjoy‛ hb Cd/Oykcscdcm ~c cd/Bpwbegcd eb cd/C~sch $ ìw+5$ Eibuyw:

Dyekck

Pbwb Ocpmbwlm Ocmcollg -5115"$ Qidcfpckcck Bpwbegcd gcdco Qioecknykck Mcuwc ^cfch gb

Ocdcrpbc$ ìw+3$ Jcecwck Prcubcm gck Ykgckn/ykgckn$ Cfcgiob Qikncjbck Bpdco$ Fycdc Dyoqyu:

Ykbxiupbwb Ocdcrc

Cd/Prc~f ckb$ Prcrfm Oymcoocg e+ ‛Cdb -w+w+"$ Kcrd cd/C~wcu Obk Cmcgbwm Pcrrbg cd/Cfmecu

Prcu m Oykwcsc cd/Cfmecu $ jdg+8$ Fcmiucm: Oypwchc cd/Eceb cd/Mcdceb

Cd/Prbuczb$ Ceb Bpmcf -3229"$ Cd/Oymcgmce h b hbsm cd/Boco cd/Prc hb‛b$ ìw+3$ jdg+5+ Eibuyw: Gcucd/Fywye cd/‛Bdobrrcm

Cd/Prbuebkb$ Prco cd/Gbk Oymcoocg e+ Oymcoocg cd/Fmcwbe -3227"$ Oynmkb cd/Oymw c j bdc

Oc‛ubhcw cd /Oc‛ ckb Cdhc z cd/Obkmc j$ jdg+0$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Fywye cd/‛Bdobrrcm

Cd/Zcrdc‛b$ Jcocd cd/Gbk Cey Oymcoocg ‛Ceg Cddcm e+ Rypyh -3228"$ Kc pe cd/Uc rcm Wcfmu b j Cmcgbwm cd/Mbg c rcm$ ìw+3$ jdg+0$ Eibuyw: Gcu cd/Fywye cd/‛Bdobrrcm

Cd/Zymcrdb$ ^cmecm -32=>"$ cd/^c pc rcm ~c cd/C~sc h h b Hbsm cd/Bpdcob $ ìw+3$ Gcoprbs: Gcu cd/Hbfu

Zcbkcd Cebgbk Ocw Klu -5111"$ —Qiuocpcdcmck Mcuwckcm Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Kiniub/kiniub‟$gcdco Jyukcd Qikridbgbfck Bpdco$ JCFBO$ Ebd+30$ 5111

Zymgb Rcfck -w+w+"$ Cmf co cd/^csh$ ìw+3$ Eibuyw: Ocfwcecm cd/‛Cpubrrcm

Cd/Zymcrdb$ ^cmecm -32=>"$ lq+ `bw+$ mdo+553+ Wcucedcp -w+w+"$ Cd/Hbsm h b cd/Prcu b cm cd/

Bpdcobrrcm$ Eibuyw: Ocfwcecm cd/Mcgbwmcm



50

Pikcucb Wioyeycd

Wioyeycd: Rn+ Emn+ Gcwl“ Mj Cd~b Ebk Oymcocg$ Fiwyc Qinc~cb Ifpifywbh OCBGCO$ qcgc55,0,5118$ gb Qijcecw Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco gck Cgcw Bpwbcgcw Oidcry Wiuiknncky -OCBGCO"+

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Olmg Mcbuyd Cobk ebk Olmg Pbp$ Fiwyc Ecmcnbck ^cfch gck Pyoeiu Co$Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Oidcfc -OCBO"$ qcgc 39,33,5118$ gb Qijcecw OCBO+

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Hcfmuyggbk Ebk Ceg Ucmock$ Fiwyc Ecmcnbck ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc BpdcoQydcy Qbkckn$ qcgc 57,33,5119$ gb Qijcecw Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qydcy Qbkckn -OCBQQ"

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Pymcbob Ebk Bpocbd$ Qinc~cb ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Pidcknlu$ qcgc

31,33,5118$ gb Qijcecw Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Pidcknlu -OCBP"

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Ubgmyck Ceg+ Ucmock oidcdyb widihlk$ Qinc~cb ^cfch gck Ecbwydocd$ Ocjdbp

Cncoc Bpdco Fidckwck -OCBF"$ qcgc 50,0,5118

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Olmg Hcgbdcm Ebk Cegyd Ockch$ Qinc~cb ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qcmckn

-OCBQ"$ qcgc 35,3,5118$ gb gb Qijcecw Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qcmckn

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Ulmcbzcw ebk Cdb oidcdyb widihlk$ Qinc~cb ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Qiucf

-OCBQ"$ qcgc 3=,7,5118+

Wioyeycd: Ik+ Fcocd Bouck oidcdyb widihlk$ Qinc~cb ^cfch$ Ocjdbp Cncoc Bpdco Kiniub

Pioebdck -OCBKP"$ qcgc 55,5,5118

Dcqluck, Obkbw Oiprycucw

Oiprycucw Jc~cwckfycpc Hcw~c Kiniub Figcm qcgc 31me+ Jydcb 5119

Pyucw Oyhwb fiqcgc QWG FW- OCBGCO 13/118,37 Emn 2/2/-91" eiuwcubfm qg3=,Klx,322>+

Uyjyfck qi~cuwcck Hcw~c Kiniub Oidcfc$ qcgc 5 Hieuycub 3229+ Kl+97Hcbd

Hcbd Qikncoebdck Wckcm ^cfch Kiniub Wiuiknncky$ 10/110 -07"+

Uyjyfck Hcbd ^cfch Jlmlu -5" gdo+ JOJ818, ^CFCH -^"/5,5117+

Uyjyfck Dcock ^ie

mwwq:,,bkhcg+fybo+igy+or,olgydip+qmq<lq?olgdlcg(kcoi?Ki~p(hbdi?cuwb`di(pbg?3325$ 51 Jckycub 511>

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mekanisme istibdal dalam pembangunan tanaf wakaf

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