laporan kestan

7/21/2019 LAPORAN KESTAN

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/laporan-kestan-56db5cb184116 1/28

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUMKESUBURAN TANAH DAN PEMUPUKAN

KELAS B

OLEH:

NAMA : CILFYZHA VEMITHASYA NO. BP : 1210212007ASISTEN : SILVIA QURRATUL AINI

PROGRAM STUDI AGROEKOTEKNOLOGIFAKULTAS PERTANIAN

UNIVERSITAS ANDALASPADANG

2015

KATA PENGANTAR



P !" #$ % & %'(" )'*!'+%'* %,-' "&'+ A//'- S T $'* +,/'- (,( ,&"%'*

&'-('+ #,&+' %'& *"'3N$' %,)' ' ),* /"# #,-"* ' ),* /"# ,&-'#"/ (,*$,/,#'"%'*

L')4&'* A%-"& P&'%+"% ( K,# &'* T'*'- '* P,( ) %'* "*".

K'(" ,&+,&"(' %'#"- %,)' ' 4#,* ),* '() - ('+' % /"'- K,# &'*

T'*'- '* P,( ) %'* "*" #,&+' +" '% / )' %'(" (,* ')%'* +,&"(' %'#"- %,)' '

'#"#+,* $'* +,/'- (,( "( "* %'(" '/'( (,/'%#'*'%'* )&'%+"% (.

K'(" (,*$' '&" '-6' ),* /"#'* /')4&'* %'/" "*" ('#"- !' - '&"

#,() &*'. U*+ % "+ %'(" (,* -'&')%'* #'&'* '* %&"+"%'* '&" ),( ' ' *'

(,*$,() &*'%'* "#" '&" /')4&'* "*". A%-"& %'+' #,(4 ' /')4&'* "*" ')'+

(,( ,&"%'* ('*8''+ ' " ),( ' '*$'.

P' '* 20 N49,( ,& 2015

C"/8$ -' V,("+-'#$'

DAFTAR ISI

2



K'+' P,* '*+'&................................................................................................ "

D'8+'& I#".........................................................................................................""

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 L'+'& B,/'%'* ................................................................................11.2 T ! '*..............................................................................................2

BAB II TIN;AUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 P,*,*+ '* )H..................................................................................<

2.2 P,*,*+ '* A/3 ..............................................................................5

2.< P,*,*+ '* N3+4+'/...........................................................................7

2.= P,*,*+ '* C34& '*"%...................................................................... >

BAB III BAHAN DAN METODA <.1 '%+ '* T,()'+.........................................................................11

<.2 A/'+ '* B'-'*..............................................................................11

<.< C'&' K,&!'.....................................................................................12

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

=.1 H'#"/..............................................................................................1=

=.2 P,( '-'#'*..................................................................................1?

BAB V PENUTUP

5.1 K,#"() /'*..................................................................................20

5.2 S'&'*............................................................................................20

D'8+'& P #+'%'...............................................................................................21

D'8+'& L'()"&'*............................................................................................22

3



BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 L'+'& B,/'%'*

T'*'- #, ' '" (, "' + ( - +'*'('* (,() *$'" 8 * #" (,*$, "'%'*

'"& '&' '* *# &3 *# & -'&' *+ % ),&+ ( -'* +'*'('* *'( * ,("%"'*

%,('() '* +'*'- (,*$, "'%'* *# & -'&' #'* '+ +,& '+'#. K'+' /+"#4/ ,&'#'/

'&" '-'#' /'+"* Ultimus $'* ,&'&+" +,&'%-"& '+' '/'( '&+" -'/ /+"#4/ +'*'-

$'* )'/"* +,&%"%"# '* (,(),&/"-'+%'* ),* '& - ),* "'* $'* +,&'-"&.

U/+"#4/ (,("/"%" -4&" 4* '& "/"% , '* %,!,* -'* '#' $'* &,* '-. B"'#'*$'

+,& ')'+ '/ ( *" ( $'* ')'+ "),&+ %'&%'* '/'( ! (/'- $'* +"* ".

T'*'- "*" ( (*$' ,&%,( '* '&" '-'* "* % + '. D" I* 4*,#"'

'*$'% "+,( %'* " ',&'- ,* '* '-'* "* % '+ '* /"'+. T'*'- "*" (,& )'%'*

' "'* +,&/ '# '&" /'-'* %,&"* " I* 4*,#"' $'* ,/ ( "),& *'%'* *+ %

),&+'*"'*. T'*'- /+"#4/ +,& 4/4* /'-'* ('& "*'/ $'* +"* %'+ )&4 %+"9"+'#*$'

&,* '-. K'* * '* -'&' )' ' +'*'- /+"#4/ ( (*$' &,* '- %'&,*' ),* "'* '#' ,&/'* # * "*+,*#"8 #, '* %'* %'* * '* '-'* 4& '*"% &,* '- %'&,*'

)&4#,# ,%4()4#"#" ,&!'/'* ,)'+. B'-'* 4& '*"% $'* #'* '+ &,* '- "*"/'-

#,-"* ' (,(),&/"-'+%'* 6'&*' +'*'-*$' ,&6'&*' (,&'- %,% *"* '* &,'%#"

+'*'- $'* ('#'( %,!,* -'* '#' $'* &,* '- %' '& A/ $'* +"* " '* +"* %'+

)&4 %+"9"+'# $'* &,* '-. T,%#+ & +'*'- "*" ' '/'- /"'+ -"* ' /"'+ ,&)'#"& /%

,*#"+$ $'* +"* " '*+'&' 1.<31.5 @ (<.

T'*'- U/+"#4/ (,() *$'" +"* %'+ ),&%,( '* '* $'* % ) /'*! +

" "&"%'* 4/,- ),*'()'* +'*'- $'* '/'( %,*'"%'* 8&'%#" /"'+ #,"&"* ,* '*

%, '/'('* +'*'- &,'%#" +'*'- ('#'( '* %,!,* -'* '#' &,* '-. D" I* 4*,#"'

U/+"#4/ ( (*$' ,/ ( +,&+'* '*" ,* '* '"%. D'/'( #%'/' ,#'& +'*'- "*" +,/'-

"('*8''+%'* *+ % ),&%, *'* %,/')' #'6"+ %'&,+ '* - +'* +'*'('* "* #+&"

+,+')" )' ' #%'/' ),+'*" %,* '/' ,%4*4(" (,& )'%'* #'/'- #'+ ),*$, ' +" '%

+,&%,/4/'*$' +'*'- "*" ,* '* '"%.

1



T'*'- "*" (,("/"%" *# & -'&' ('%&4 #,),&+" 84#84& '* %'/" ( $'* #,&"*

%'-'+ '* (,& )'%'* #"8'+3#"8'+ +'*'- /+"#4/ $'* #,&"* (,* -'( '+

),&+ ( -'* +'*'('*. '/' ) * +'*'- /+"#4/ #,&"* "" ,*+"%%'* ,* '* +'*'-

$'* +" '% # & "('*' (,* '* * '-'* 4& '*"% $'* &,* '- * +&"#" &,* '-

'* )H &,* '- % &'* '&" 5 5 +,+')" #,# * -*$' "#' "('*8''+%'* *+ %

/'-'* ),&+'*"'* )4+,*#"'/ !"%' "/'% %'* ),* ,/4/''* $'* (,(),&-'+"%'* %,* '/'

$'* ' '.

O/,- %'&,*' "+ *+ % (,*"* %'+%'* )&4 %+"9"+'# +'*'- /+"#4/ ('%'

),&/ "/'% %'* ),*'( '-'* '-'* 4& '*"%. P,( ,&"'* '-'* 4& '*"% ')'+

(,* & *%'* /% ,*#"+$ +'*'- %'&,*' (,( ,*+ % ' &, '+ +'*'- $'* /, "- '"%

'* (,('*+')%'* ' &, '+ $'* +,/'- +,& ,*+ % #,-"* ' ',&'#" ),&(,' "/"+'# '*

"*8"/+&'#" (,*!' " /, "- '"%. A%" '+*$' ' '/'- '$' +'-'* +'*'- +,&-' ') ,&4#"

'%'* (,*"* %'+.

U*+ % (,*"* %'+%'* )&4 %+"9"+'# /+"#4/ ! ' ')'+ "/'% %'* (,/'/ "

),( ,&"'* %') &. P,* ') &'* $'* "('%# %'* *+ % (,(),* '& -" #"8'+ 8"#"%

+'*'- #"8'+ %"("' '* %, "'+'* !'#' &,*"% +'*'-. P,* ') &'* )' ' U/+"#4/ "

',&'- ,&"%/"( - (" '#'- #,),&+" " I* 4*,#"' +" '% ),&/ (,* ')'" )H +'*'-? 5 *,+&'/ +,+')" #'()'" )' ' )H 5 5 # '- "'* ') '"% #, ' $'* +,&),*+"*

' '/'- ' '"('*' (,*"' '%'* ),* '& - (,&' * '&" '/ ("*" ( '* ),*$, "''*

-'&' %'/#" ( ' " ),&+ ( -'* +'*'('*.

1.2 T ! '*

A ') * + ! '* '&" )&'%+"% ( "*" ' '/'- *+ % (,*,*+ %'* %,('#'('*

'* %, '#''* # '+ /'& +'* +'*'- (,*,*+ %'* %,('#'('* +'*'- $'*

"),* '& -" 4/,- )H A/3 *+ % (,*,*+ %'* %' '& ),& '* "* '* C '* N

'/'( (,*"/'" +"* %'+ ),/') %'* '-'* 4& '*" .

2



BAB II

TIN;AUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 )H '* P,* '& - T,&-' ') K,# &'* T'*'-

K,# &'* +'*'- ' '/'- %4* "#" # '+ +'*'- $ ('() (,*$, "'%'*

*# & -'&' ,##,*#"'/ *+ % +'*'('* +'*)' ,8,% &' * '&" -'&' $'* ' '. T'*'-

$'* # & ' '/'- +'*'- $'* (,() *$'" )&48"/ $'* '/'( %, '/'('* $'*

#'* '+ '/'( (,/, "-" 150 ( #+& %+ &*$' ,( & &,('- )H ?3? 5 (,() *$'"

'%+"9"+'# !'#' &,*"% $'* +"* " ('%#"( ( . K'* * '* *# & -'&'*$' $'*

+,&#, "' ' " +'*'('* ' '/'- % ) '* +" '% +,& ')'+ ),( '+'#3),( '+'# +'*'-

*+ % ),&+ ( -'* +'*'('* P'"& *'* %%. 1> 5

D'/'( %"("' )H ' '/'- % &'* +"* %'+ %,'#'('* '+' %, '#''* # '+

#,*$'6'. K,('#'('* +'*'- (,& )'%'* #'/'- #'+ #"8'+ $'* ),*+"* #, '

+,& ')'+ - * '* )H ,* '* %,+,&#, "''* *# & -'&' '* ! ' +,& ')'+ - * '*

'*+'&' )H ,* '* )&4#,# ),( ,*+ %'* +'*'-. R,'%#" +'*'- (,* *! %%'* +,*+'*

%,' ''* '+' #+'+ # %"("' +'*'-. R,'%#" '+' )H $'* ,%#+&"( (,* *! %%'*

%,' ''* %"("' +'*'- $'* ')'+ (,* '* )&4#,# "4/4 "%. K,/'# )H +'*'- ' '? (' '( $'"+ = 5 #'* '+ ('#'( = 535 5 ('#'( 5 ?3? 5 ' '% ('#'( ? ?37 5

*,+&'/ 7 ?3 5 ' '% '/%'/"# '* 5 '/%'/"# P'"& *'* %%. 1> 5 .

A ' +" ' '/'#'* +'(' *"/'" )H +'*'- #'* '+ ),*+"* *+ % "%,+'- ":

1. M,*,*+ %'* &,* '- +" '%*$' "4*3"4* *# & -'&' "#,&') 4/,- +'*'('*U( (*$' *# & -'&' ( '- "#,&') 4/,- '%'& +'*'('* )' ' )H

+'*'- *,+&'/ ?37 %'&,*' )' ' )H +,&#, + #, ' "'* ,#'& *# & -'&' ( '-

/'& + " '/'( '"&. U*# &3 *# & ('%&4 #,),&+" N P K M C' '* S /, "-

'*$'% +,&#, "' " '/ '( /'& +'* +'*'- ,& )H ? #'()'" 7 5. S,(,*+'&' "+

! (/'- *# & ("%&4 $'* +,&#, "' )' ' )H *,+&'/ ,* ,& * /, "- %, "/

" '* "* %'* ,* '* )H &,* '- '+' +"* " +,+')" ! (/'- +,&#, + +,/'-

(,* % )" %, + -'* +'*'('*.2. D,&'!'+ %,'#'('* '+' )H +'*'- ! ' (,* *! %'* %, ,&' ''* *# &3

*# & $'* ,&#"8'+ &' * ' " +'*'('*. P' ' +'*'- '#'( '*$'%

3



"+,( %'* *# & '/ ("*" ( $'* ,&#"8'+ &' * ! ' (,* "%'+

)-4#)-4& #,-"* ' +" '% ')'+ "#,&') 4/,- +'*'('*.<. D,&'!'+ %,'#'('* '+' )H +'*'- #'* '+ (,(),* '& -" ),&%,( '* '*

("%&44& '*"#(, " '/'( +'*'-. P' ' )H 535 7 '%+,&" '* !'( & ),* &'" '-'* 4& '*"% ')'+ ,&%,( '* ,* '* '"% N49" '* 2002

T'*'- $'* /, "- '#'( "'#'*$' "+,( %'* )' ' !,*"# +'*'- '( + '*

+'*'- $'* +"* " %'* * '* '/ ("*" ( '+' ,/,&'* . S,(,*+'&' +'*'- $'*

'#' "+,( %'* )' ' +'*'- $'* +"* " %') & '* +'*'- $'* ,&' ' " ',&'- '&"

'* " %'6'#'* )'*+'". )H +'*'- (,& )'%'* # '+ % &'* "*+,*#"+'# %,'#'('*

%'* % &'* +4+'/ '#'( $'* ' ' " +'*'- +,&#, +. M %-/"# 2007

F'%+4&38'%+4& $'* (,(),* '& -" &,'%#" +'*'- $'"+ #, ' '" ,&"% + H'%"( %%

1> ? :

1. K,!,* -'* B'#'K,!,* -'* '#' ' '/'- ),& '* "* '* '*+'&' %'+"4* '#' ,* '* ! (/'-

%'+"4* $'* ')'+ "),&+ %'&%'* )' ' %4/4" +'*'-. K,!,* -'* '#' ! '

(,* ,&("*%'* ),& '* "* '* %'+"4* '#' ,* '* %'+"4* -" &4 ,* '*

'/( *" (. B,&'&+" #,('%"* %, "/ %,!,* -'* '#' #,('%"* ('#'( ) /'&,'%#" +'*'- +,&#, + '+' )H3*$' #,('%"* &,* '-. K,!,* -'* '#' 100

(,* ,&("*%'* )H +'*'- $'* *,+&'/ % &'* '&" "+ (,* '&'- %, )H

+'*'- ('#'( #, '* %'* /, "- '&" "+ (,* '&'- %, '#'.

2. S"8'+ M"#,/ K4/4"S"8'+ M"#,/ $'* ,& , '3 , ' '/'( (,* "#4#"'#"%'* "4* H +,&!,&')

(,*$, ' %'* )H +'*'- ,& , ' )' ' %4/4" $'* ,& , ' 6'/' ) *

%,!,* -'* '#'*$' #'('. K4/4" 4& '*"% ( '- (,* "#4#"'#"%'* "4*

H %, '/'( /'& +'*.

K, '*$'%'* +'*'- (,() *$'" )H '*+'&' 5 0 '* 0. D" %'6'#'* '#'-

+'*'- ),&( %''* "'#'*$' (,() *$'" )H = 0 #'()'" ? 0. S, '&' ( ( )H

4)+"( ( +'*'- ("*,&'/ "'/'- #,%"+'& ? 5 #, '* %'* )' ' +'*'- 4& '*"% "'/'-

#,%"+'& 5 5. F4+- 1>>= .

2.2 P,*,*+ '* A/3

4



A/ ' '/'- %' '& A/ ("*" ( '/'( +'*'-.A/ '/'( ,*+ % ')'+

"+ %'&%'* A/3 ( (*$' +,& ')'+ )' ' +'*'-3+'*'- $'* ,&#"8'+ ('#'(

,* '* )H 5 0. O/,- %'&,*' "+ *+ % (,* % & #,!' - ('*' ),* '& - A/ "*"

),&/ "+,+')%'* %,!,* -'**$'. S,('%"* +"* " %,!,* -'* '/ ("*" ( '%'*

#,('%"* ,#'& '-'$' (,&' * +,&-' ') +'*'('*. H'%"( %% 1> ? (,*$'+'%'*

'-6' %,&' *'* '/ ("*" ( (,* -'( '+ ),&)'*!'* '* '* ),&+ ( -'* '%'&

)&"(,& #,&+' (,* -'/'* " ),( ,*+ %'* '%'& /'+,&'/ '* / '%'&. A)' "/'

),&+ ( -'* '%'& +,& '* #,&')'* -'&' '* ),( ,*+ %'* #,*$'6' 4& '*"%

+,&#, + '%'* +,& '* . S"#+,( ),&'%'&'* $'* +,& '* '%'* (,* '%" '+%'*

+" '% ,8"#",**$' '%'& (,*$,&') *# &.

K' '& '/ ("*" ( #'* '+ ,&- * '* ,* '* )H +'*'-. S,('%"* &,* '-

)H +'*'- ('%' #,('%"* +"* " '/ ("*" ( $'* ')'+ "),&+ %'&%'* '*

#, '/"%*$'. B"/' %,!,* -'* '/ ("*" ( ?0 +'*'- +,&#, + #,&"* "%'+'%'*

+" '% /'$'% *+ % +'*'- ),&+'*"'* #, ,/ ( "&,%/'('#" '+' '(,/"4&'#" +,&/, "-

'- / . O/,- %'&,*' %,!,* -'* '/ ("*" ( "),* '& -" 4/,- KTK '* ! '

"),* '& -" 4/,- +,%#+ & ('%' #,('%"* %'#'& +,%#+ & +"* %'+ %, '-'$''*

'/ ("*" ( #,('%"* +"* " R4#('&%'( '* Y 64*4 2002 .

A/ ("*" ( (,& )'%'* *# & -'&' ),* *!'* $'"+ *# & ("%&4 $'*

-'*$' ,#,*#"'/ '+' " + -%'* 4/,- +'*'('* +,&+,*+ '+' +" '% ,&/'% ( (

('/'-'* *+ % +'*'('* /'"* ')'+ (,*!' " *# & +4%#"%. T4%"#"#"+'# '/ ("*" (

(,& )'%'* %4*#,% ,*#" +"* "*$' %,!,* -'* '/ ("*" ( '/'( +'*'- ('#'(.

P' ' %,!,* -'* A/ 503?0 ),&+ ( -'* +'*'('* !' * (,* & * #, '&' +'!'(.

P' ' +'*'- ("*,&'/ ,&%,!,* -'* A/ <0 )&4 %#" !' * ')'+ (,* ')'"

-'()"& >0 ('%"( (. P,&%,( '* '* '%'& !' * '& +,&-'( '+ )' '%,!,* -'* A/ ?0 . T'*'('* #,*#"+"8 #,),&+" %')'# '* %, ,/'" (,* ')'"

4)+"( ( -'*$' !"%' %,!,* -'* A/ (,* ,%'+" 0 H'*'8"'- 2005 .

P,* '& - %,&' *'* A/ +,& +'(' (,( '+'#'" %, '/'('* (' ) *

),& ' '* '* '%'& #,-"* ' '%'* (,* -'( '+ '$' #,&') +'*('* +,&-' ') -'&'

/'"*. P' ' , ,&')' +'*'('* %,&' *'* A/ (,(),&/"-'+%'* ,!'/' ' * $'*

("&") ,8"#",*#" P %,%,& "/'* (,*$,/ & - , ' *'* (,* , "/ ,&6'&*' -"!'

5



,/') '* /'( '+ ('+'* '+'* ' * '* &'+ ,&6'&*' * ! * ' *

(,* *"* '* ('+".

S, '&' 8"#"4/4 "# '* "4%"("'6" %,&' *'* A/ (,*$, ' %'*:

1. T,& '* *$' ),( ,/'-'* #,/ )' ' ) % '%'& '* '%'& /'+,&'/*$'2. P,* ,&'#'* "* "* #,/ '%" '+ +,& ,*+ %*$' !'/"*'* ),)+"* ' *4&('/<. B,&% &'* *$' &,)/"%'#" DNA '%" '+ (,*"* %'+*$' %,%,&'#'* -,/"J '* '

DNA=. T,&!' "*$' ),*$,('+'* 8"%#'#" P '/'( +'*'- (,*!' " +" '% +,&#, "' '+'

)' ' ),&( %''* '%'& 5. M,* & **$' &,#)"&'#" '%'& ?. T,& '* *$' ,* "(3,* "( &, /'+4& 84#84&"/'#" /'7. T,&!' "*$' ),* () %'* )4/"#'%'&" ' "* "* #,/ +,& '* *$'

),*$,&')'* ),* '* % +'* '* ),* *''* , ,&')' *# & ,#,*#"'/

#,),&+" C' M K P '* F, H'*'8"'- 2005 .

P4,&646" 4 4 1>>2 (,*$'+'%'* '-6' %'* * '* A/3 ')'+

"+,+')%'* ,* '* (,* *'%'* (,+4 , +"+&'#". K, "'+'* +"+&'#" )' ' +'-')

),&+'(' '%'* (,* % & ! (/'- +4+'/ '#'( $'* "+"+&'#" ')'+ " '*+"%'* 4/,- "4*

K $'* #,+'&' ,* '* ! (/'- H3 '* A/3 . T"+&'#" )' ' +'-') %, ' '%'*

(,* % & ! (/'- "4* H $'* " '*+" #,-"* ' ! (/'- "4* A/ $'* " '*+"%'*

')'+ "-"+ * ,* '* ),* &'* '*. K'* * '* H3 '* A/3 "*" "*$'+'%'*

'/'( (, +,&-' ') %'+"4* ),& 100 &'( +'*'- %,&"* .

T'*'- $'* (,() *$'" #"8'+ $'* #'* '+ ('#'( )H = 2 ')'+

(,*$, ' %'* +'*'- +,&#, + (,() *$'" %')'#"+'# + %'& %'+"4* $'* +"* " '*

(,() *$'" %,!,* -'* '#' &,* '- '* ,&,'%#" ('#'( S'* -, 1>7? .

2.< P,*,*+ '* N3+4+'/

N"+&4 ,* ' '/'- #,*$'6' $'* +,&#, '& #, '&' / '# " "4#8"&. A+(4#8"&

(" (,* '* * #,%"+'& 7 '# *"+&4 ,* $'* "*,&+. P' ' #"#+,( ),&'"&'*

6



#,*$'6' *"+&4 ,* ')'+ ,& )' *"+&4 ,* 4& '*"% '* '*4& '*"%. N"+&4 ,* +,& "&"

'+'# '(4*"' NH< '(4*" ( NH= *"+&'+ NO<3 '* *"+&"+ NO23 ! (/'-

#, '&' % '*+"+'# '&" *"+&4 ,* $'* +,&'% ( /'#" 4/,- +"') ('-/ % -" ) '"%

-,6'* (' ) * + ( -'* ,&9'&"'#" 1 #'()'" 10 ),&#,* '&" +4+'/ ,&'+ %,&"*

&$6," -+ . N"+&4 ,* "#,&') +'*'('* #, ' '" NO<3 '* NH= $'* %,( "'*

"('# %%'* %, '/'( #,( ' '#'( '("*4 '* )&4+,"*. N"+&4 ,* (,& )'%'* *# &

-'&' $'* #'* '+ '*$'% #,&"* (,( '+'#" -'#"/ +'*'('* F4+- 1>>= .

N"+&4 ,* '/'( +'*'- ,&'#'/ '&" '-'* 4& '*"% +'*'- '-'* 4& '*"%

-'/ # N +"* " L@N &,* '- '* '-'* 4& '*"% %'#'& N &,* '- &'#"4 /@* +"* " .

L'/ 8'%+4& /'"**$' $'"+ ),*"* %'+'* ("%&44& '*"#(, '* N '&'. F'%+4&

/'"**$' $'"+ ) ) % '* '"& - !'*. F * #" *# & N ' '/'- *+ % (,(),& '"%"

),&+ ( -'* 9, ,+'+"8 '* ),( ,*+ %'* )&4+,"*. ;"%' +'*'('* %,% &'* '* N

('%' +'*'('* '%'* %,& "/ ),&+ ( -'* '%'& +,& '+'# '* ' * % *"* . ;"%'

+'*'('* %,/, "-'* N ('%' '%'* (,*$, ' %'* +'*'('* /'( '+ '/'( )&4#,#

),('+'* '*. N"+&4 ,* '/'( +'*'- '/'( ,& ' '" ,*+ % $'"+ )&4+,"* #,*$'6'3

#,*$'6' '("*4 '(4*" ( '* *"+&'+ H'& !46" ,*4 200<

C'&' +'(' *"+&4 ,* ('# % %, '/'( +'*'- ' '/'- '%" '+ %, "'+'* !'#'&,*"% '"% $'* -" ) , '# (' ) * $'* ,&#"( "4#, ,* '* +'*'('*. D'/'(

-'/ $'* +,&'%-"& *"+&4 ,* $'* ""%'+ " *'%'* '/'( #"*+,#' '("*4 '* )&4+,"*

4/,- +'*'('* "*'* . ;"%' +'*'('* '+' !'#' &,*"% ),* "%'+ *"+&4 ,* , '# ('%'

'%+,&" ),( # % (,( , '#%'* '#'( '("*4 '&" )&4+,"* '%+,&" '(4*"8"%'#"

(,( , '#%'* '(4*" ( '&" & ) '("*4 $'* %,( "'* "/'& +%'* '/'( /'& +'*

+'*'-. A(4*" ( "#,&') +'*'('* '+' "#,&') #,+,/'- "%4*9,&#"%'* (,*!' "

*"+&'+ 4/,- '%+,&" *"+&"8"%'#" H'%"( %%. 1> ? .

A ') * *"/'" '* %&"+,&"' N " '/'( +'*'- $'* ,& '#'&%'* S+'* '&

I*+,&*'#"4*'/ SI ')'+ "/"-'+ )' ' +' ,/ ,&"% +:

N"/'" N3T4+'/ K&"+,&"' N3T4+'/ 0 1

0 1 0 21

0 22 0 51

0 52 0 75

S'* '+ &,* '-

R,* '-

S, '*

T"* "

7



0 75 S'* '+ +"* "

P,* '& - N3+4+'/ +,&-' ') %,# &'* +'*'- '/'( !'* %' )'*!'*

),( ) %'* *"+&4 ,* '/'( "4#8,& +" '% "%,+'- ". P,*+"* *+ % "#' '&" '-6'

),*'( '-'* /, "- '*$'% *"+&4 ,* %, '/'( +'*'- #, ' '" ) ) % +" '% #,/'/

,&'%" '+ /, "- '*$'% ),* "'* *"+&'+ #'()'" %, ),&( %''* '"& +'*'-. H'/ "*"

(,& )'%'* '%" '+ '&" %,*$'+''* '-6' ),&+ ( -'* +'*'('* $'* #'* '+

(,*"* %'+ (,(,&/ %'* /, "- '*$'% ),* '( "/'* *"+&4 ,*. T,+')" %,-"/'* '*

*"+&4 ,* (,*"* %'+ "/' %,('() '* +'*'- '/'( "(4 "/"#'#" +,&/'()' " F4+-

1>>= .

T"* %'+ %,-"/'* '* N '&" +'*'- % ) +"* " '%" '+ '&" #"8'+ N $'*

#'* '+ (4 "/. M,* & + H'& !46" ,*4 1> ? -"/'* *$' *"+&4 ,* '&" +'*'-

"#, ' %'* 4/,-:

1. D" *'%'* 4/,- +'*'('* '+' ("%&44& '*"#(,.S'/'- #'+ ),*$, ' %,-"/'* '* N '/'( +'*'- ' '/'- ),*$,&')'* N 4/,-

+'*'('*. T'*'('* ),&+'*"'* ')'+ (,*$, ' %'* -"/'* *$' *# &3 *# &

-'&' ,#,*#"'/ (,/'/ " )'*,*. D,* '* ,("%"'* %,# &'* +'*'- '%'*(,* & * #, '&' +,& #3(,*,& # #,-"* ' (,* ')'" # '+ %,' ''* "('*'

),*'( '-'* *# & -'&' (,/'/ " ),( ) %'* ( +/'% "),&/ %'* *+ %

(,(),&4/,- -'#"/ ),&+'*"'* $'* (,* *+ * %'*.2. N"+&4 ,* '/'( ,*+ % N=H ')'+ ""%'+ 4/,- ("*,&'/ /"'+ "//"+ #,-"* '

+" '% ')'+ " *'%'* 4/,- +'*'('*.<. N"+&4 ,* '/'( ,*+ % NO<3 &,* '- %'&,*' ( '- " " 4/,- '"& - !'*

/,' -"* . N"+&'+ $'* +,& " '%'* " '6' %, /')"#'* +'*'- ' "'* '6'-

),&'%'&'* '* ('# % %, '/'( &4 * 6'+,& '* '%-"&*$' ('# % %, ),&'"&'* , '#.

2.= P,*,*+ '* C34& '*"%

B'-'* 4& '*"% ' '/'- #,( ' '-'* 4& '*"% " '/'( +'*'- '"% $'* ('+"

(' ) * $'* -" ) 6'/' ) * 4& '*"#(, -" ) "4('##' +'*'- -'*$'

(,*$ ( '* % &'* '&" 5 '&" +4+'/ '-'* 4& '*"%. ; (/'- '* #"8'+ '-'*

4& '*"% #'* '+ (,*,*+ %'* #"8'+ "4%"("' 8"#"%' %,# &'* +'*'- '* (,( '*+

(,*,+')%'* '&'- )&4#,# ),( ,*+ %'* +'*'-. B'-'* 4& '*"% (,*,*+ %'*

8



%4()4#"#" '* (4 "/"+'# %'+"4* $'* +,&!,&') 6'&*' +'*'- %,#,"( '* '* )'*'#

%4*#"#+,*#" %,&')'+'* )'&+"%,/ %,&')'+'* "#" # ( ,& -'&' ),('*+') ' &, '+

%'&'%+,&"#+"% '"& '* '%+"8"+'# 4& '*"#(, +'*'- M %-/"# 2007 .

B'-'* 4& '*"% ,&),&'* ),*+"* *+ % (,* ")+'%'* %,# &'* +'*'-.

P,&'*'* '-'* 4& '*"% ' " +'*'- ' '/'- '/'( %'"+'**$' ,* '* ),& '-'*

#"8'+3#"8'+ +'*'- $'"+ #"8'+ 8"#"% "4/4 "# '* #"8'+ %"("' +'*'-. B'-'* 4& '*"%

(,& )'%'* ),( ,*+ % &'* /'#" '/'( +'*'- '* #'* '+ ),*+"* '/'(

),( ,*+ %'* ' &, '+ +'*'- $'* #+' "/. M,/'/ " ),*'( '-'* '-'* 4& '*"%

+'*'- $'* +' "*$' ,&'+ (,*!' " ,&#+& %+ & &,('- $'* &,/'+"8 /, "- &"* '*.

P,& ,&'%'* '"& #, '&' 9,&+"%'/ '+' "*8"/+&'#" ')'+ "),& '"%" '* +'*'- ')'+

(,*$,&') '"& /, "- ,)'+ #,-"* ' '/"&'* ),&( %''* '* ,&4#" "),&%, "/.

D,("%"'* ) /' ,* '* ',&'#" +'*'- $'* (,*!' " /, "- '"% %'&,*' & '* )4&"

+'*'- )4&4#"+'# ,&+'( '- '%" '+ +,& ,*+ %*$' ' &, '+ M %-/"# 2007 .

C34& '*"% (,& )'%'* '-'* 4& '*"% $'* +,&%'* * " '/'( (' ) *

)' ' ),&( %''* +'*'- $'* ,&'#'/ '&" #,*$'6' %'& 4* " '/'( '* #,( ' !,*"#

#,*$'6' 4& '*"% $'* +,& ')'+ " '/'( +'*'- +,&('# % #,&'#'- 8&'%#" '-'*

4& '*"% &"* '* "4('##' ("%&44& '*"#(, '-'* 4& '*"% +,&/'& + " '/'( '"&'* '-'* 4& '*"% $'* #+' "/ '+' - ( # H'& !46" ,*4 200< .

K' '& C34& '*"% +'*'- % ) ,&9'&"'#" +'*'- ("*,&'/ "'#'*$'

(,* '* * C34& '*"% '*+'&' 1 -"* ' > #, '* %'* +'*'- '( + '* /')"#'*

4& '*"% +'*'- - +'* ')'+ (,* '* * =0 #'()'" 50 C34& '*"% '* "'#'*$'

1 " +'*'- & * )'#"& M %-/"# 2007 .

F'%+4&38'%+4& $'* (,(),* '& -" '-'* 4& '*"% '/'( +'*'- ' '/'-

%, '/'('* +'*'- "%/"( &'- - !'* '* # - &'"*'#, +,%#+ & +'*'- '*

9, ,+'#". K' '& '-'* 4& '*"% +,& '*$'% "+,( %'* )' ' /')"#'* '+'# #,+, '/ 20

( #,-"* ' /')"#'* +'*'- ('%"* %, '6'- ('%' '-'* 4& '*"%

$'* "%'* * *$' '%'* #,('%"* % &'* H'%"( %% 1> ? .

K'* * '* '-'* 4& '*"% )' ' +"') /')"#'* +'*'- ,& , '3 , '. H'/ "*"

"#, ' %'* 4/,- %,* '/' #"8'+ 8"#"% +'*'- $'* #,('%"* %, '/'( #,('%"* ('()'+

('#"8 #,/'"* "+ ! ' "#, ' %'* 4/,- ("*"('/*$' '%+"9"+'# ("%&44& '*"#(, "

9



' "'* +,& '/'( +'*'-. S,('%"* '/'( /')"#'* +'*'- ('%' #,('%"* #, "%"+

%'* * '* '-'* 4& '*"% '/'( /')"#'* +,&#, + H'%"( 1> ?

K'* * '* '-'* 4& '*"% )' ' ('#"* 3('#"* -4&" 4* +'*'- (,& )'%'* ),+ *! % ,#'&*$' '% ( /'#" '-'* 4& '*"% '/'( %, ''* /"* % * '* $'*

,& , '. K4()4*,* '-'* 4& '*"% $'* ),*+"* ' '/'- C '* N %'* * '*

'-'* 4& '*"% +'*'- "+,*+ %'* #, '&' +" '% /'* # * ,* '* '&' (,* '/"%'*

%' '& C ,* '* # '+ 8'%+4&. B"/' C 4& '*"% '/'( +'*'- "%,+'- " ('%' '-'*

4& '*"% '/'( +'*'- ! ' ')'+ "%,+'- ". K'* * '* '-'* 4& '*"% ')'+

" *'%'* #, ' '" #'/'- #'+ "* "%'+4& +"* %'+ %,# &'* +'*'-. O/,- %'&,*' "+

('%' "/'%*'%'* )&'%+"% ( ),*,*+ '* C 4& '*"% +'*'- "*". B,&"% + "*" ' '/'-

, ,&')' %&"+,&"' +'*'- ,& '#'&%'* %'* * '* '-'* 4& '*"% $'* $'*

+,&%'* * " '/'(*$':

N4 S"8'+ T'*'- ; (/'- K'& 4* K'+, 4&" T'*'-

1. S'* '+ R,* '- 1 00 T" '% S &

2. R,* '- 1 0032 00 K &'* S &

<. S, '* 2 013< 00 S &

=. T"* " < 0135 00 S &

5. S'* '+ T"* " 5 00 S'* '+ S &

BAB III

BAHAN DAN METODE

<.1 '%+ '* T,()'+

10



A ') * 6'%+ '* +,()'+ ),/'%#'*''* )&'%+"% ( %'/" "*" ' '/'- +"') -'&"

S,*"* ) % / 11.10 6" " L' 4&'+4&" ( %"("' +'*'- F'% /+'# P,&+'*"'*

U*"9,&#"+'# A* '/'#.

<.2 A/'+ '* B'-'*<.2.1 P,*,+')'* )H

A ') * '/'+ $'* " *'%'* ' '/'- +' * 8"/( #-'%,& '* )H (,+,&.

S, '* %'* *+ % '-'* $'* " *'%'* ' '/'- +'*'- $'* # '- "'$'%

' ' ,#+ 10(/ HCL 10(/.

<.2.2 P,*,+')'* A/3

A ') * '/'+ $'* " *'%'* ' '/'- +' * 8"/( 4+4/ )/'#+" E&/,*(,$,&

,/'# )"'/' 4&4* %,&+'# #'&"* )"),+ +,+,# &,+ +"( '* '* '*'/"+"% '*

#-'%,&. S, '* %'* *+ % '-'**$' ' '/'- +'*'- $'* # '- /4/4# '$'%

' ' ,#+ KCL 1 N I* "%'+4& PP. N'OH 0 1 N HCL 0 1 N N'F = .

<.2.< P,*,+')'* N3+4+'/

A ') * '/'+ '* '-'* $'* " *'%'* ' '/'- '#'( # /8'+ ),%'+ N'OH50 %'& 4&'* ( "* " '+4& C4*6'$ '#'( 4&'+ = H2SO= 0 5N #,& %

SE '* ' ' ,#+ #,&+' C SO=.

<.2.= P,*,+')'* C34& '*"%

A ') * '/'+ $'* " *'%'* ' '/'- +' * &,'%#" #-'%,& /' ! & '*

#),%+484+4(,+,&. S, '* %'* '-'* $'* " *'%'* ' '/'- +'*'- $'* # '-

"'$'% 10 (/ 1N K2C&2O7 20 (/ H2SO= >? 100 (/ B'C/2 0 5' ' ,#+.

<.< C'&' K,&!'<.<.1 P,*,+')'* )H

D"+"( '* 10 & +'*'- #, '*$'% 2 #'(),/. K,( "'* "('# %'* %, '/'(

+' * 8"/(. U*+ % +' * $'* ),&+'(' "+'( '-%'* ' ' ,#+ 10 (/ '*

+' * %, ' "+'( '-%'* 10 (/ HC/ /'/ "%4 4% #,/'(' 15 (,*"+.

K,( "'* " "'(%'* #, ,*+'& '* " % & ,* '* (,* *'%'* )H (,+,&.

11



<.<.2 P,*,+')'* A/3

D"+"( '* 5 & #'(),/ +'*'- $'* # '- " %,&"* '* "*%'* '* /4/4#

'$'%. K,( "'* "('# %'* %, '/'( 4+4/ )/'#+"%. D"+'( '-%'* 50 (/ KCL'* "%4 4% % &'* /, "- 15 (,*"+. L'/ "#'&"* ,* '* %,&+'# #'&"* . H'#"/

#'&"* '* ")"),+ #, '*$'% 25 (/ %, '/'( ,/'# )"'/'. D"+'( '- 5 +,+,#

"* "%'+4& )) '* " +"+&'#" ,* '* N'OH 1 N -"* ' ( * / ),& '-'* 6'&*'

(,*!' " 6'&*' (,&'- ( '. K,( "'* "+'( '- , ,&')' +,+,# KCL #'()'"

6'&*' (,&'- ( ' -"/'* . D"+'( '- 10 (/ N'F = #'()'" (,&'- ( '

( * / %,( '/". K,( "'* / " +"+&'#" ,* '* KC/ 0 1 N #'()'" 6'&*' (,&'-

( ' -"/'* '* " '+'+ HCL $'* +,&)'%'".

<.<.< P,*,+')'* N3+4+'/ T'*'('* ,* '* M,+4 , K, !'/

S'(),/ +'*'- "+"( '* 0 5 &'( $'* #, ,/ (*$' +,/'- "'$'% ,* '*

'$'%'* 250 ("%&4* '* "('# %%'* %, '/'( /' % !'/ 50 (/. %,( "'*

"+'( '-%'* 1 > %'+'/"#'+4& '() &'* +,& "&" '&" #,& % SE H2SO= '*

N'2S42 1:1:> '* 5 (/ '#'( # /8'+ ),%'+. C'() &'* "*" " ,&" '+ " "-

'* ")'*'#%'* ,* '* ')" %, "/ #,/'(' 15 (,*"+. K,( "'* " ,#'&%'*

#, "%"+ ,(" #, "%"+ #'()'" (,* " "- '* " ,&-,*+"%'* #,+,/'- /'& +'*

,&6'&*' !,&*"# #'()'" %,) +"-'*. S,+,/'- "* "* "+'( '-%'* ' ' ,#+.

<.<.= P,*,+')'* C34& '*"%

T'*'- "+"( '* 0 5 & $'* +,/'- "'$'% '* "+'( '-%'* 10 (/ 1N

K2C&2O7. K,( "'* "+'( '-%'* 20 (/ H2SO= >? . D" 4$'* %'*

#, ,*+'& '* '/'( 6'%+ 10 (,*"+ "+'( '-%'* 100 (/ B'C/2 0 5 .

D" "'(/'* #,('/'( /'/ ")"* '-%'* %, +' * &,'%#". K,( "'* " % &

,* '* #),%+484+4(,+,& ,* '* )'*!'* ,/4( '* ?=5 ("%&4(,+,&. L'& +'*

$'* " *'%'* #, ' '" ),( '* "* ' '/'- /'& +'* #'%'&4 #' ' 4 ,* '* '&'

"+"( '* #, '*$'% 2> ? '* "+'( '-%'* ' ' ,#+ '* )"),+ ,&+ & +3

+ & + 5 10 15 20 25 '* %,( "'* "('# %%'* %, '/'( /' % & 100(/.

"+'( '-%'* ' ' ,#+ 100(/ %,( "'* " )"),+ #, '*$'% 2 (/ )' ' ('#"* 3

('#"* /' +,&#, +. D"+'( '- 10 (/ 1N K2C&2O7 '* "+'( '- 20 (/

12



H2SO= >? . D" 4$'* %'* #, ,*+'& '* " "'(%'* #,/'(' 10 (,*"+. L'/

"+'( '-%'* 100 (/ B'C/2 0 5 '* " % & ,* '* #),%+484+4(,+,&.

BAB IVHASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

=.1 H'#"/

=.1.1 )H

I* "%'+4& S'(),/ )H +,& % & K&"+,&"'

B 5 71 A '% A#'(

13



H20 C 5 ?2 A '% A#'(E 5 5= M'#'(B = 2 S'* '+ M'#'(

KC/ C = 0= S'* '+ M'#'(E = 0> S'* '+ M'#'(

=.1.2 A/3

K,/4()4% M, A/ @ 100 (1 '* 2 = 10= @100

< = '* 5 5 =72 @100

=.1.< N3+4+'/

S'(),/ H2SO= T,&)'%'" N T'*'- K&"+,&"'

%,/4()4% 1 '* 20 7 0 1>1 R,* '-0 0 22< S, '*0 2 0 0<1 S'* '+ R,* '-

%,/4()4% < = '*5

0 7 0 1>1 R,* '-0 ? 0 15> R,* '-0 < 0 0?< S'* '+ R,* '-

=.1.= C34& '*"%

N4. S'(),/ 34& '*"% B34& '*"% K&"+,&"'1. 1 1 => 2 5 K &'* S & 2. 2 1 1 2 0< K &'* S & <. < 1 2 2 07= K &'* S &

=.1.5 P,&+ ( -'* T'*'('* ;' *

P,&+ ( -'* +'*'('* !' * (,* *'%'* '-'* +'( '-'* %') &

H'&" %,3 + /

),* '('+'*

L, '& D' *

(

T"* " B'+'*

(

P'*!'* D' *

(B'*$'% D' *

1 113113

20150 0 0 0

2 123113

20150 0 < 0 0

14



< 1<3113

20150 5 1 < ( = ( 1

= 1=3113

20150 7 ( 2 7 ( ( 1

5 153113

20151 2 ( < ( 15 ( 2

? 1?3113

20151 = ( < > ( 1> ( 2

7 173113

20151 = ( =.? ( 2< ( <

1 3113

20151 5 ( 5 2 ( 2? ( =

> 1>3113

20151 5 ( ? ( 27 = ( =

10 203113

20151 5 ( ? 1 ( 2 .5 ( =

=.2 P,( '-'#'*

=.2.1 P,*,+')'* )H

P&'%+"% ( %'/" "*" ' '/'- ),*,*+')'* )- +'*'-. A ') * + ! '* '&"

)&'%+"% ( %'/" "*" ' '/'- *+ % (,*,*+ %'* ,&'!'+ %,('#'('* '* %, '#''*

# '+ /'& +'* +'*'-. S'(),/ $'* " *'%'* ' '/'- #'(),/ B C '* E. U*+ %

#'(),/ B C '* E "/' "* "%'+4& $'* " *'%'* ' '/'- KCL ('%' %&"+,&"' +'*'-

+,&#, + ' '/'- #'* '+ ('#'(. I*" +,&/"-'+ '&" )H $'* +,/'- " % & ,* '* &'+'3&'+' #, ,#'& = 1<. ;"%' "* "%'+4& $'* " *'%'* ' '/'- H2O ('%' *+ % #'(),/

B $'* +,/'- " % & )H *$' #, ,#'& 5 71 ,* '* %&"+,&"' +'*'- ' '% ('#'(.

S'(),/ C ,* '* )H $'* +,& % & #, ,#'& 5 ?2 ,* '* %&"+,&"' +'*'- ' '%

('#'(. U*+ % #'(),/ C )- $'* +,& % & #, ,#'& 5 5= ,* '* %&"+,&"' +'*'-

('#'(.

D'/'( ),* *''* '+ ),/'& + $'* ,& , ' #, ' '" ),("#'- *# &

H ,* '* KCL (,("#'-%'* H /, "- +"* " " '* "* %'* H20 #,-"* '

15



"+,( %'* *# & KCL ')'+ (,* -'#"/%'* -'#"/ )H /, "- ('#'( " '* "* %'*

H2O. P' ' +'*'- #'(),/ $'* ")'%'" %,' ''* )H ,&#"8'+ ('#'( ,* '* )H

+,&,* '- = 0= )H "*" +" '%/'- , "+ 4 4% ' " ),&+ ( -'* +'*'('* %'&,*'

'#'(*$' % ) +"* " ('%' '&" "+ ),* *''* '-'* %') & )' ' +'*'- "*"

#'* '+ "),&/ %'* *' (,*,+&'/%'* +'*'- $'* ('#'(. T'*'- /+"#4/ "%,*'/

% ) # & #, ' '" +,()' + ( - +, '%*$' +'*'('*. N'( * '/'( ),*,*+ '*

)H +'*'- "*" %,/"-'+'**$' % &'* # & ' " +'*'('* $'* # %' + ( - " +'*'-

*,+&'/ '+' ) * ,& )H +"* ". K'&,*' "'#'*$' ')'+ (,*!' "%'* &' * ' "

+'*'('* "+ #,* "&". P,* '& - )H +,&-' ') +'*'- (,() *$'" ),&'*'* $'*

),*+"* +,&-' ') %,+,&#, "''* *# &3 *# & -'&' '"% -'&' ('%&4 (' ) * -'&'

("%&4.

=.2.2 P,*,+')'* A/3

P' ' )&'%+"% ( $'* +,/'- "/'%#'*'%'* +,*+'* ),*,+')'* A/3 +'*'-

('%' " ')'+%'* -'#"/*$'. D,* '* (,* % & A/3 ')'+ "!' "%'* +4/'% % &

%, + -'* %') & )' ' +'*'- ('#'(. A/ ' '/'- %' '& A/ ("*" ( '/'(

+'*'-.A/ '/'( ,*+ % ')'+ "+ %'&%'* A/3 ( (*$' +,& ')'+ )' ' +'*'-3

+'*'- $'* ,&#"8'+ ('#'( ,* '* )H 5 0. O/,- %'&,*' "+ *+ % (,* % & #,!' - ('*' ),* '& - A/ "*" ),&/ "+,+')%'* %,!,* -'**$'. S,('%"* +"* "

%,!,* -'* '/ ("*" ( '%'* #,('%"* ,#'& '-'$' (,&' * +,&-' ') +'*'('*.

U*+ % %,/4()4% 1 '* 2 HCL $'* +,&)'%'" #, '*$'% 0 >(/ #,-"* ' A/3

$'* " ')'+%'* #, ,#'& = 10=@100 . S, '* %'* *+ % %,/4()4% < = '* 5

HCL $'* +,&)'%'" #, '*$'% 1 2 (/ #,-"* ' A/3 $'* "),&4/,- !"%' "-"+ *

,* '* %,+,*+ '* & ( # #, ,#'& 5 =72@100 . D,* '* ),&#,*+'#, A/3 $'*

+"* " ,&'&+" (,* *! %%'* +"* %'+ %,('#'('* # '+ !,*"# +'*'-. S,('%"* ('#'(# '+ +'*'- ,&'&+" )H*$' (,* & * #,-"* ' %,+,&#, "''* *# & -'&' '/'( +'*'-

#,('%"* (,* & * %'&,*' %,('() '* *# & A/ *+ % (,* "%'+ *# &, P

(,( ,*+ % A/3P $'* +" '% +,&#, "' '* +" '% ')'+ "#,&') 4/,- '%'& +'*'('*.

P,& '-'* 6'&*' /'& +'* ,%+&'%#" +'*'- $'* ,& '- 6'&*' #,+,/'- " +"+&'#"

,* '* N'OH )' ' #''+ "+'( '-%'* /'& +'* = N'F ,& '- 6'&*' (,*!' "

)"*% ),%'+ $'* (,* *! %%'* +'*'- (,* '* * '/ ( *" ( +"* ".

16



H'%"( %% 1> ? (,*$'+'%'* '-6' %,&' *'* '/ ("*" ( (,* -'( '+

),&)'*!'* '* '* ),&+ ( -'* '%'& )&"(,& #,&+' (,* -'/'* " ),( ,*+ %'* '%'&

/'+,&'/ '* / '%'&. A)' "/' ),&+ ( -'* '%'& +,& '* #,&')'* -'&' '*

),( ,*+ %'* #,*$'6' 4& '*"% +,&#, + '%'* +,& '* . S"#+,( ),&'%'&'* $'*

+,& '* '%'* (,* '%" '+%'* +" '% ,8"#",**$' '%'& (,*$,&') *# &.

=.2.< P,*,+')'* N3+4+'/

D'&" )&'%+"% ( $'* +,/'- "/'% %'* +,*+'* ),*,+')'* N3+4+'/ ('%'

" ')'+%'* -'#"/*$'. U*+ % #'(),/ +'*'- %,/4()4% 1 '* 2 H2SO= $'*

+,&)'%'" '/'( < %'/" /'* '* ,&+ & +3+ & + ' '/'- 0 7(/ 0 (/ '* 0 2 (/. ;"%'

"-"+ * ),&#,* N +4+'/*$' '* "#,# '"%'* ,* '* +' ,/ %&"+,&"' ('%' " ')'+%'*

0 1>1 ,* '* %&"+,&"' &,* '- 0 22< ,* '* %&"+,&"' *"+&4 ,* #, '* '*

0 0<1 ,* '* %&"+,&"' #'* '+ &,* '-. U*+ % #'(),/ +'*'- %,/4()4% < = '* 5

H2SO= $'* +,&)'%'" *+ % /'* '* 1 #, '*$'% 0 7 (/ ,* '* ),&#,* N #, ,#'&

0 1>1 %&"+,&"'*$' &,* '-. U*+ % /'* '* 2 H2SO= +,&)'%'" #, '*$'% 0 ? (/

'* ),&#,* *"+&4 ,**$' 0 15> ,* '* %&"+,&"' &,* '-. U*+ % /'* '* < H2SO=

$'* +,&)'%'" 0 < (/. M'%' ),&#,* N +4+'/ +'*'-*$' #, ,#'& 0 0?< ,* '*

%&"+,&"' #'* '+ &,* '-.

M'%' ')'+ "#"() /%'* '-6' %&"+,&"' $'* &,* '- )' ' N3T4+'/

(,* '%" '+%'* +,& '* *$' ),&+ ( -'* +'*'('* '-%'* ')'+ ('+". H'/ "*"

#,# '" ,* '* ),&*$'+''* K,('# 2005 $'* (,*$'+'%'* '-6' %,% &'* '* N

(,*$, ' %'* +'*'('* %,& "/ ),&+ ( -'* '%'& +,& '+'# ' *3 ' * % *"* '*

&. P,*'( '-'* /, "- '*$'% *"+&4 ,* %, '/'( +'*'- #, ' '" ) ) % +" '%

#,/'/ ,&'%" '+ /, "- '*$'% ),* "'* *"+&'+ #'()'" %, ),&( %''* '"& +'*'-. H'/

"*" (,& )'%'* '%" '+ '&" %,*$'+''* '-6' ),&+ ( -'* +'*'('* $'* #'* '+

(,*"* %'+ (,(,&/ %'* /, "- '*$'% ),* '( "/'* *"+&4 ,*.

=.2.= P,*,+')'* C34& '*"%

P' ' )&'%+"% ( %'/" "*" (,* ,*'" 34& '*"% " ')'+%'* -'#"/. C34& '*"%

(,& )'%'* '-'* 4& '*"% $'* +,&%'* * " '/'( (' ) * )' ' ),&( %''*

+'*'- $'* ,&'#'/ '&" #,*$'6' %'& 4* " '/'( '* #,( ' !,*"# #,*$'6' 4& '*"%

$'* +,& ')'+ " '/'( +'*'- +,&('# % #,&'#'- 8&'%#" '-'* 4& '*"% &"* '*

17



"4('##' ("%&44& '*"#(, '-'* 4& '*"% +,&/'& + " '/'( '"& '* '-'* 4& '*"%

$'* #+' "/ '+' - ( #. U*+ % ! (/'- #+'* '& #,/ & -*$' #, ,#'& 75. U*+ %

' #4& '**$' ! (/'- #,/ & -*$' 0 5>5. ;"%' +,/'- "-"+ * ,* '* & ( # &,%&,#"

('%' " ')'+%'* *+ % ),&/'% '* %, 1 ,* '* 34& '*"% #, ,#'& 1 = ,* '*

BO #, ,#'& 2 5 . I*" (,*'* '%'* '-6' %&"+,&"' +'*'- +,&#, + (,() *$'

%'* * '* %'& 4* $'* #'* '+ &,* '-. U*+ % ),&/'% '* %, 2 34& '*"% *$'

#, ,#'& 1 2 ,* '* BO *$' #, ,#'& 2 0< . I*" (,*'* '%'* '-6' +'*'-

+,&#, + (,* '* * %'& 4* $'* #'* '+ &,* '-. U*+ % ),&/'% '* %, 5 ,* '*

34& '*"% #, ,#'& 1 2 '* BO *$' #, ,#'& 2 07= . K&"+,&"'*$' ) * ! '

#'* '+ &,* '-.

M,* & + H'& !464 ,*4 C34& '*"% (,& )'%'* '-'* 4& '*"% $'*

+,&%'* * " '/'( (' ) * )' ' ),&( %''* +'*'- $'* ,&'#'/ '&" #,*$'6'

%'& 4* " '/'( '* #,( ' !,*"# #,*$'6' 4& '*"% $'* +,& ')'+ " '/'( +'*'-

+,&('# % #,&'#'- 8&'%#" '-'* 4& '*"% &"* '* "4('##' ("%&44& '*"#(, '-'*

4& '*"% +,&/'& + " '/'( '"& '* '-'* 4& '*"% $'* #+' "/ '+' - ( #. D'&" -'#"/

)&'%+"% ( '-6' +'*'- +,&#, + (,("/"%" %'* * '* 34& '*"% '* '-'*

4& '*" $'* &,* '-. H'/ "*" "#' "#, ' %'* %'&,*' +'*'- (,* '/'(" , &' '#"

#,-"* ' %'* * '* *# & -'&' '* '-'* 4& '*"% -"/'* .

K' '& C34& '*"% +'*'- % ) ,&9'&"'#" +'*'- ("*,&'/ "'#'*$'

(,* '* * C34& '*"% '*+'&' 1 -"* ' > #, '* %'* +'*'- '( + '* /')"#'*

4& '*"% +'*'- - +'* ')'+ (,* '* * =0 #'()'" 50 C34& '*"% '* "'#'*$'

1 " +'*'- & * )'#"&

=.2.5 P,&+ ( -'* T'*'('* ;' *

U*+ % ),&+ ( -'* !' * ),&/'% '* $'* " *'%'* ' '/'-

),*'( '-'* %') &. H'#"/*$' *+ % /, '& ' * ,& '#'&%'* &'8"% $'* " '+

),&+ ( -'**$' ('%"* /'(' ('%"* (,*"* %'+. U*+ % -'&" ),&+'(' +'*'('*

,/ ( + ( -. T,+')" )' ' -'&" %, ' # '- +,&/"-'+ '+'* *$' ,* '* +"* " 0 <

(. P' ' -'&" %,+" ' /, '& ' **$' 0 5 ( +"* "*$' 1 < ( ,* '* )'*!'*

' * = (. D'/'( #'+ '+'* '& +,& ')'+ 1 -,/'". P' ' -'&" %, = /, '&

18



' **$' 0 7 ( ,* '* +"* " 2 7 (. P'*!'* ' **$' ( ,* '* '*$'%

' * 1.

P' ' -'&" %, 5 /, '& ' **$' 1 2 (. T"* " '+'* *$' #, ,#'& < (.P'*!'* ' **$' 15 ( ,* '* ! (/'- ' * 2 -,/'". P' ' -'&" %, ? '* 7

(,() *$'" /, '& ' * 1 = ( +,+')" ,* '* +"* " $'* ,& , ' $'"+ < > ( '*

= ? (. P' ' -'&" %, '* > (,() *$'" /, '& ' * 1 5 ( ,* '* +"* " ('#"* 3

('#"* 5 2 ( '* ? (. P'*!'* ' * ('#"* 3('#"* 22? ( '* 27 = (. D'*

-'&" %, 10 /, '& ' **$' 1 5 ( ,* '* +"* " ? 1 (. P,&+ ( -'* '&" -'&" %,

-'&" #,('%"* (,*"* %'+ ,* '* ' '*$' ),( ,&"'* %') &.

I*" " %+"%'* ,* '* ),( ,&"'* %') & )' ' +'*'- /+"#4/ #'* '+ '"%

*+ % ),&+ ( -'* +'*'('*. K'&,*' +'*'- "*" (,& )'%'* +'*'- $'* (,("/"%"

%' '& %') & +,&,* '- '"% #, '&' +,4&"+"#.

BAB V

PENUTUP

5.1 K,#"() /'*

T'*'- #, ' '" (, "' + ( - +'*'('* (,() *$'" 8 * #" (,*$, "'%'*

'"& '&' '* *# &3 *# & -'&' *+ % ),&+ ( -'* +'*'('* *'( * ,("%"'*

%,('() '* +'*'- (,*$, "'%'* *# & -'&' #'* '+ +,& '+'#. K,# &'* +'*'-

' '/'- ( + +'*'- *+ % ,& 4 4% +'*'( $'* "+,*+ %'* 4/,- "*+,&'%#" #,! (/'-

#"8'+ 8"#"%' %"("' '* "4/4 " +'*'- $'* (,*!' " -' "+'+ '%'&3'%'& '%+"8 +'*'('*.

T'*'- $'* (,("/"%" +"* %'+ %,('#'('* $'* &,* '- ),&/ " ,&" %') &.

19



P,* ') &'* $'* "('%# %'* *+ % (,(),* '& -" #"8'+ 8"#"% +'*'- #"8'+ %"("'

'* %, "'+'* !'#' &,*"% +'*'-. U*+ % (,*"* %'+%'* )&4 %+"9"+'# +'*'- +,&#, +

! ' ),&/ "/'% %'* ),*'( '-'* '-'* 4& '*"%. P,( ,&"'* '-'* 4& '*"% ')'+

(,* & *%'* /% ,*#"+$ +'*'- %'&,*' (,( ,*+ % ' &, '+ +'*'- $'* /, "- '"%

'* (,('*+')%'* ' &, '+ $'* +,/'- +,& ,*+ % #,-"* ' ',&'#" ),&(,' "/"+'# '*

"*8"/+&'#" (,*!' " /, "- '"%. A%" '+*$' ' '/'- '$' +'-'* +'*'- +,&-' ') ,&4#"

'%'* (,*"* %'+.

5.2 S'&'*

D'/'( )&'%+"% ( "#'&'*%'* -'& # /, "- +,/"+" '* /, "- "),&-'+"%'* /' "

'&' %,&!'*$' ' '& +" '% +,&!' " %,#'/'-'* '/'( ),* '( "/'* -'#"/ '+'. S,+"')

)&'%+"% ( "+'( '-%'* ! ' 4% (,*+'#" %, "'+'* $'* "/'% %'* #,/'('

)&'%+"% (.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

F4+- 1>>=. Dasar - Dasar Ilmu Tanah. Erlangga ;'%'&+'. <? H'/

H'%"( ,+ '/.1> ?. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Tanah . L'() * : U*"9,&#"+'# L'() *P&,##.

H'*'8"'- K.A 2005. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Tanah . ;'%'&+': PT. R'!' G&'8"* 4P,&#' '

H'& !46" ,*4 S. 200<. Ilmu Tanah . A%' ,("%'. ;'%'&+': P&,#"* 4

M %-/"# 2007. Analisis Tanah Dan Tanaman . USU )&,## M, '*. 155

N49" '*. 2002. Petunjuk Pemupukan yang Efektif . ;'%'&+' A &4(, "' P #+'%'

P'"& *'* A.K .L. N'*,&, A&"8"* S4/4 S.R. S'(4#"& R. T'* %'"#'&" ;. L.

20



L'/4) ' B. I &'-"( '* H. A#(' " 1>>7. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Tanah .B' '* K,&!'#'(' P,& & '* T"* " N, ,&" B' "'* T"( & M'%'##'&

P4,&646" 4 4. 1>>2. Telaah Kesuburan

Tanah . B'* * : A* %'#'

R4#('&%'( A. '* N. . Y 64*4. 2002 . Ilmu Kesuburan Tanah . Y4 $'%'&+':

K'*"#" #

S'* -, PA. 1>7?. Sifat Dan Pengelolaan Tanah Tropika . T,&!,('-'*; .T.

;'$' "*'+'. 1>>2. B'* * : ITB

S )&$4*4 %%. 200>. Kan ungan !-"rganik Dan #-Total Pa a Seresah DanTanah Pa a $ Tipe %isiognomi S+ " K'# # D" '*' '(' I G * *K" / D"$ . ; &*'/ I/( T'*'- '* L"* % * '* V4/. > N4. 1 ): =>357

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

21



DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

T' ,/ K&"+,&"' N3+4+'/

22



N"/'" N3T4+'/ K&"+,&"' N3T4+'/ 0 1

0 1 0 21

0 22 0 510 52 0 75

0 75

S'* '+ &,* '-

R,* '-

S, '*T"* "

S'* '+ +"* "

T' ,/ K&"+,&"' C34& '*"%

N4 S"8'+ T'*'- ; (/'- K'& 4* K'+, 4&" T'*'-

1. S'* '+ R,* '- 1 00 T" '% S & 2. R,* '- 1 0032 00 K &'* S &

<. S, '* 2 013< 00 S &

=. T"* " < 0135 00 S &

5. S'* '+ T"* " 5 00 S'* '+ S &

T' ,/ K&"+,&"' )H

G&'8"% P,&+ ( -'* T'*'('*

23



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Tinggi Tanaman

Tinggi Tanaman

00.20.40.60.8

1

1.21.41.6

Lebar Daun

Lebar Daun

24



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Panjang Daun

Panjang Daun

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

Banyak Daun

Banyak Daun

laporan kestan

Documents