iv

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

ABSTRAK......................................................................................................... i

KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... ii

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... vii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1

A. Latar Belakang Masalah .................................................................... 1

B. Identifikasi Masalah .......................................................................... 5

C. Pembatasan Masalah ......................................................................... 6

D. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................. 6

E. Tujuan Penelitian .............................................................................. 7

F. Kegunaan Penelitian.......................................................................... 7

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ........................................................................... 8

A. Kerangka Teoritis .............................................................................. 8

1. Pengertian Ragam Hias ............................................................... 8

2. Unsur-Unsur Ornamen ................................................................ 13

a. Garis...................................................................................... 13

b. Bidang dan Tekstur............................................................... 14

c. Warna.................................................................................... 17

3. Dasar-Dasar Penciptaan Ornamen .............................................. 18

a. Repetisi (Pengulangan)......................................................... 18

b. Distorsi (Perubahan Bentuk)................................................. 18

c. Stilasi (Penggayaan).............................................................. 19

d. Dekorasi................................................................................. 20

4. Jenis-Jenis Ornamen Menurut Pola.............................................. 21

5. Ragam Hias (Ornamen) Tradisional Karo.................................... 32

6. Pengertian Penciptaan................................................................... 69

7. Teori Penciptaan........................................................................... 71

8. Desain grafis................................................................................. 75

B. Landasan Penciptaan.......................................................................... 78

C. Skema Kerangka Berpikir................................................................... 80

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BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................. 81

A. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................ 81

B. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian......................................................... 81

1. Populasi ....................................................................................... 81

2. Sampel Penelitian ........................................................................ 82

C. Metode Penelitian.............................................................................. 82

1. Media........................................................................................... 82

2. Alat .............................................................................................. 83

3. Tekhnik ....................................................................................... 84

D. Tahap Penciptaan.............................................................................. 84

1. Tahap Mendapatkan Ide/Gagasan................................................ 84

2. Tahap Perencanaan....................................................................... 85

3. Tahap Perwujudan........................................................................ 86

a. Tekhnik Manual..................................................................... 86

b. Tekhnik Digital...................................................................... 93

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN, PENCIPTAAN DAN PEMBAHASAN.... 105

A. Hasil Penelitian................................................................................ 105

B. Hasil Penciptaan............................................................................... 110

C. Pembahasan...................................................................................... 114

D. Temuan Penelitian............................................................................ 146

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN........................................................... 148

A. Kesimpulan....................................................................................... 148

B. Saran................................................................................................. 149

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 150

LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Jadwal Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Penelitian.............................................. 81

Tabel 4.1 Motif Yang Di Olah Menjadi Motif Ragam Hias Karo Baru............... 108

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Beberapa bentuk garis dengan ketebalan serta sifat goresan

yang berbeda, memberi kesan tertentu........................................... 13

Gambar 2.2 Menurut letaknya pada bidang gambar, garis dapat memberi

bentuk visual berupa vertikal, horizontal, melintang atau

diagonal serta bentuk patah ataupun lengkung-lengkung.............. 14

Gambar 2.3 Garis-garis dan pengaruhnya terhadap mata................................... 14

Gambar 2.4 Beberapa Jenis Bidang.................................................................... 15

Gambar 2.5 Beberapa Contoh Komposisi........................................................... 16

Gambar 2.6 Bidang Bentuk Dimensi................................................................. 16

Gambar 2.7 Beberapa bentuk tekstur, sifat dari tekstur ini dapat memperkaya

sifat fisik suatu karya..................................................................... 17

Gambar 2.8 Repetisi............................................................................................ 18

Gambar 2.9 Distorsi Binatang............................................................................. 19

Gambar 2.10 Stilasi Tangan................................................................................ 19

Gambar 2.11 Dekorasi........................................................................................ 20

Gambar 2.12 Motif Geometris............................................................................ 23

Gambar 2.13 Motif Manusia............................................................................... 26

Gambar 2.14 Motif Binatang.............................................................................. 27

Gambar 2.15 Motif Tumbuh-Tumbuhan............................................................. 28

Gambar 2.16 Motif Benda-Benda Alam............................................................. 30

Gambar 2.17 Motif Benda-Benda Teknologis dan Kaligrafi.............................. 31

Gambar 2.18 Motif Raksasa................................................................................ 31

Gambar 2.19 Gerga Tupak Salah Silima-Lima................................................... 33

Gambar 2.20 Gerga Tupak Salah Sipitu-Pitu...................................................... 34

Gambar 2.21 Gerga Desa Siwaluh...................................................................... 34

Gambar 2.22 Gerga Panai................................................................................... 35

Gambar 2.23 Gerga Bindu Matagah................................................................... 36

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Gambar 2.24 Gerga Bindu Matoguh.................................................................. 36

Gambar 2.25 Gerga Tapak Raja Sulaiman......................................................... 37

Gambar 2.26 Gerga Pantil Manggis.................................................................. 38

Gambar 2.27 Gerga Indung-Indung Simata........................................................ 38

Gambar 2.28 Gerga Tulak Paku Petundal.......................................................... 39

Gambar 2.29 Gerga Lipan Nangkih Tongkeh..................................................... 39

Gambar 2.30 Gerga Kite-Kite Perkis.................................................................. 40

Gambar 2.31Gerga Tutup Dadu dan Cimba Lau............................................... 40

Gambar 2.32 Gerga Cekili Kambing.................................................................. 41

Gambar 2.33 Gerga Ipen-Ipen............................................................................ 42

Gambar 2.34 Gerga Lukisen Suki....................................................................... 42

Gambar 2.35 Gerga Pucuk Merbung.................................................................. 43

Gambar 2.36 Gerga Bunga Bincole.................................................................... 43

Gambar 2.37 Gerga Pucuk Tenggiang............................................................... 44

Gambar 2.38 Gerga Surat Buta.......................................................................... 44

Gambar 2.39 Gerga Pengeret-Ret...................................................................... 45

Gambar 2.40 Gerga Bendi-Bendi (Pengalo-Ngalo)........................................... 45

Gambar 2.41 a. Gerga Embun Sikawiten Motif Kosmos, b. Gerga Embun

Sikawiten Motif Tumbuhan........................................................... 46

Gambar 2.42 Gerga Litap-Litap Lembu............................................................. 47

Gambar 2.43 Gerga Tonggal.............................................................................. 47

Gambar 2.44 Gerga Keret-Keret Ketadu............................................................ 48

Gambar 2.45 Gerga Taruk-Taruk....................................................................... 48

Gambar 2.46 Gerga Kidu-Kidu........................................................................... 49

Gambar 2.47 Gerga Pendamaiken...................................................................... 49

Gambar 2.48 Gerga Bulung Binara.................................................................... 50

Gambar 2.49 Gerga Tanduk Kerbo Payung....................................................... 50

Gambar 2.50 Gerga Bunga Gundur.................................................................... 51

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Gambar 2.51 Gerga Raja Sulaiman................................................................... 51

Gambar 2.52 Gerga Bunga Lawang.................................................................. 52

Gambar 2.53 Gerga Teger Tudung.................................................................... 53

Gambar 2.54 Gerga Lukisen Umang................................................................. 53

Gambar 2.55 Gerga Lukisen Para-Para/ Gundur Mangalata........................... 54

Gambar 2.56 Gerga Tulak Paku........................................................................ 54

Gambar 2.57 Gerga Lukisen Kurung Tendi....................................................... 55

Gambar 2.58 Gerga Osar-Osar.......................................................................... 55

Gambar 2.59 Gerga Sisik Kaperas..................................................................... 55

Gambar 2.60 Gerga Galumbang Sitepuken........................................................ 56

Gambar 2.61 Gerga Kaba-Kaba........................................................................ 56

Gambar 2.62 Gerga Lukisen Tagan................................................................... 57

Gambar 2.63 Gerga Embun Sikawiten............................................................... 58

Gambar 2.64 Gerga Piseren Kambing............................................................... 58

Gambar 2.65 Gerga Bak-Bak Tenggiang........................................................... 59

Gambar 2.66 Gerga Tampune-Tampune............................................................ 59

Gambar 2.67 Gerga Lumut-Lumut Lawit............................................................ 60

Gambar 2.68 Gerga Bunga Gundur.................................................................... 61

Gambar 2.69 Gerga Mata-Mata Lembu........................................................... .. 61

Gambar 2.70 Gerga Duri Ikan............................................................................ 62

Gambar 2.71 Gerga Tampuk-Tampuk Pinang.................................................... 62

Gambar 2.72 Gerga Ser-Ser Sigembal................................................................ 63

Gambar 2.73 Gerga Pancung-Pancung Cekala.................................................. 63

Gambar 2.74 Gerga Pakau-Pakau...................................................................... 64

Gambar 2.75 Gerga Rawang Pultak................................................................... 64

Gambar 2.76 Gerga Lipan Nangkih Tongkeh..................................................... 65

Gambar 2.77 Gerga Embun Merkabun-Kabun................................................... 65

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Gambar 2.78 Gerga Bunga Gundur Sitelenen.................................................... 66

Gambar 2.79 Gerga Anjak-Anjak Beru Ginting.................................................. 66

Gambar 2.80 Gerga Baleng-Baleng.................................................................... 67

Gambar 2.81 Gerga Ampik-Ampik Alas.............................................................. 67

Gambar 2.82 Gerga Sik-Sik Naga Pantil Manggis............................................. 68

Gambar 2.83 Gerga Anjak-Anjak Beru Ginting.................................................. 68

Gambar 2.84 Gerga Cuping................................................................................ 69

Gambar 2.85 Skema Kerangka Berpikir............................................................. 80

Gambar 3.1 Ornamen Kurung Tendi................................................................... 87

Gambar 3.2 Ornamen Tutup Dadu/ Cimba Lau.................................................. 87

Gambar 3.3 Ornamen Pucuk Merbung................................................................ 88

Gambar 3.4 Ornamen Para-Para/ Gundur Mangalata....................................... 88

Gambar 3.5 Ornamen Panai................................................................................ 88

Gambar 3.6 Menggambar bagian dari motif

ornamen Kurung Tendi................................................................... 89

Gambar 3.7 Menggambar bagian dari penggabungan motif

ornamen Kurung Tendi dengan Tutup Dadu/Cimba Lau................ 89

Gambar 3.8 Bagian dari motif ornamen Kurung Tendi dan

Tutup Dadu/Cimba Lau dengan simetris........................................ 90

Gambar 3.9 Menggambar bagian dari motif ornamen Kurung Tendi,

Tutup Dadu/Cimba Lau dan Pucuk Merbung................................ 90

Gambar 3.10 Bagian dari motif ornamen Kurung Tendi, Tutup Dadu/

Cimba Lau, dan Pucuk Merbung dengan simetris......................... 91

Gambar 3.11 Menggambar bagian dari motif

ornamen Para-Para/ Gundur Mangalata....................................... 91

Gambar 3.12 Menggambar bagian dari

pengulangan motif Pucuk Merbung................................................ 92

Gambar 3.13 Menggambar bagian dari Motif ornamen Panai............................ 92

Gambar 3.14 Gambar motif ornamen Karo baru dari Penggabungan 5 motif..... 93

Gambar 3.15 Gambar awal motif dalam bentuk JPEG....................................... 94

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Gambar 3.16 Tampilan Photoshop dalam pengaturan warna hitam-putih.......... 94

Gambar 3.17 Tampilan Photoshop dalam pengaturan Level............................... 95

Gambar 3.18 Tampilan Photoshop dalam pengaturan Brightness/Contrast....... 95

Gambar 3.19 Tampilan Photoshop dalam pengaturan Curves............................ 96

Gambar 3.20 Tampilan Photoshop untuk penggunaan Pen Tool........................ 96

Gambar 3.21 Tampilan Photoshop untuk penggunaan Pen Tool pada setiap sisi

gambar yang disesuaikan dengan sudut dan lengkungan gambar.. 97

Gambar 3.22 Tampilan Photoshop untuk penggunaan

Pen Tool>Convert Point Tool........................................................ 97

Gambar 3.23 Tampilan Photoshop untuk penggunaan Convert Point Tool

dalam membuat lengkungan gambar.............................................. 98

Gambar 3.24 Tampilan Photoshop untuk membuat sudut lengkungan gambar.. 98

Gambar 3.25 hasil penyempurnaan motif dalam format JPEG........................... 99

Gambar 3.26 Tampilan Photoshop sebelum pewarnaan..................................... 100

Gambar 3.27 Tampilan Photoshop dalam proses pewarnaan............................. 100

Gambar 3.28 Tampilan Photoshop untuk proses penebalan

garis kontur pada motif ornamen................................................... 101

Gambar 3.29 Motif ornamen tradisional Karo baru

Dengan variasi warna merah dan hitam......................................... 101

Gambar 3.30 Tampilan Photoshop untuk proses pengaturan efek warna........... 102

Gambar 3.31 Motif ornamen tradisional Karo baru dengan tekhnik

gradasi dua warna dengan format JPEG........................................ 102

Gambar 3.32 Tampilan Photoshop untuk proses pewarnaan dengan tiga

variasi warna.................................................................................. 103

Gambar 3.33 hasil akhir ornamen tradisional Karo baru

dengan tiga variasi warna dengan format JPEG............................ 103

Gambar 3.34 Tampilan Photoshop untuk proses

penerapan efek tiga dimensi.......................................................... 104

Gambar 3.35 hasil akhir motif ornamen tradisional Karo baru

dengan efek tiga dimensi dengan format JPEG........................... 104

Gambar 4.1 Motif ragam hias Karo pada tiang pagar Museum Pusaka Karo..... 106

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Gambar 4.2 Motif ragam hias Karo di interior dan eksterior bangunan

Museum Pusaka Karo..................................................................... 107

Gambar 4.3 Motif ragam hias Karo pada benda pakai pisau Tumbuk Lada...... 107

Gambar 4.4 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 1

dengan 5 Kombinasi...................................................................... 111

Gambar 4.5 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 2

dengan 4 Kombinasi...................................................................... 111

Gambar 4.6 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 3

dengan 5 Kombinasi...................................................................... 111

Gambar 4.7 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 4

dengan 3 Kombinasi...................................................................... 112

Gambar 4.8 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 5

dengan 4 Kombinasi...................................................................... 112

Gambar 4.9 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 6

dengan 2 Kombinasi...................................................................... 112

Gambar 4.10 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 7

dengan 2 Kombinasi...................................................................... 112

Gambar 4.11 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 8

dengan 2 Kombinasi.................................................................... 113

Gambar 4.12 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 9

dengan 3 Kombinasi.................................................................... 113

Gambar 4.13 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 10

dengan 3 Kombinasi.................................................................... 113

Gambar 4.14 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 11

dengan 4 Kombinasi.................................................................... 113

Gambar 4.15 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 12

dengan 4 Kombinasi.................................................................... 114

Gambar 4.16 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 13

dengan 5 Kombinasi.................................................................... 114

Gambar 4.17 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 1

dengan 5 Kombinasi.................................................................... 115

Gambar 4.17a...................................................................................................... 116

Gambar 4.17b...................................................................................................... 116

Gambar 4.17c...................................................................................................... 116

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Gambar 4.17d...................................................................................................... 117

Gambar 4.17e...................................................................................................... 117

Gambar 4.17f....................................................................................................... 118

Gambar 4.17g...................................................................................................... 118

Gambar 4.17h...................................................................................................... 118

Gambar 4.17i....................................................................................................... 118

Gambar 4.17j....................................................................................................... 118

Gambar 4.17k...................................................................................................... 118

Gambar 4.18 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 2

dengan 4 Kombinasi.................................................................... 119

Gambar 4.18a...................................................................................................... 120

Gambar 4.18b...................................................................................................... 121

Gambar 4.18c Motif ornamen dengan kontur putih dan latar belakang hitam... 121

Gambar 4.18d Motif ornamen dengan bentuk 3 dimensi.................................... 121

Gambar 4.19 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 3

dengan 5 Kombinasi.................................................................... 122

Gambar 4.19a...................................................................................................... 122

Gambar 4.19b...................................................................................................... 123

Gambar 4.19c Motif dengan repetisi kesamping................................................ 124

Gambar 4.19d Motif dengan repetisi kesamping................................................ 124

Gambar 4.19e Motif dengan repetisi ke bawah.................................................. 124

Gambar 4.20 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 4

dengan 3 Kombinasi.................................................................... 125

Gambar 4.20a...................................................................................................... 125

Gambar 4.20b...................................................................................................... 126

Gambar 4.20c Motif ornamen dengan variasi warna.......................................... 126

Gambar 4.20d Motif ornamen dengan variasi efek 3 dimensi............................ 126

Gambar 4.21 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 5

dengan 4 Kombinasi.................................................................... 127

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Gambar 4.21a...................................................................................................... 127

Gambar 4.21b...................................................................................................... 128

Gambar 4.21c Motif ornamen dengan repetisi ke samping................................ 128

Gambar 4.21d Motif ornamen dengan efek 3 dimensi....................................... 128

Gambar 4.22 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 6

dengan 2 Kombinasi.................................................................... 129

Gambar 4.22a...................................................................................................... 129

Gambar 4.22b...................................................................................................... 130

Gambar 4.22c Motif dengan efek digital............................................................ 130

Gambar 4.22d Motif dengan efek 3 dimensi...................................................... 130

Gambar 4.22e Motif dengan kontur putih........................................................... 130

Gambar 4.23 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 7

dengan 2 Kombinasi.................................................................... 131

Gambar 4.23a Motif dengan kontur putih dan latar belakang hitam.................. 132

Gambar 4.23b Motif dengan efek 3 dimensi....................................................... 132

Gambar 4.23c Motif dengan variasi warna degan efek digital........................... 132

Gambar 4.23d Motif dengan kontur hitam......................................................... 132

Gambar 4.24 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 8

dengan 2 Kombinasi.................................................................... 133

Gambar 4.24a Motif dengan repetisi kesamping................................................ 134

Gambar 4.24b Motif dengan repetisi kesamping, kontur putih dan latar

belakang hitam............................................................................. 134

Gambar 4.25 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 9

dengan 3 Kombinasi.................................................................... 135

Gambar 4.25a Motif dengan repetisi ke samping dan variasi warna.................. 136

Gambar 4.25b Motif dengan efek 3 dimensi dan variasi warna......................... 136

Gambar 4.26 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 10

dengan 3 Kombinasi.................................................................... 137

Gambar 4.26a Motif dengan repetisi ke samping saling berhadapan................. 138

Gambar 4.26b Motif dengan repetisi melingkar................................................. 138

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Gambar 4.27 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 11

dengan 3 Kombinasi.................................................................... 139

Gambar 4.27a...................................................................................................... 140

Gambar 4.27b...................................................................................................... 140

Gambar 4.27c...................................................................................................... 140

Gambar 4.27d...................................................................................................... 140

Gambar 4.28 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 12

dengan 4 Kombinasi.................................................................... 141

Gambar 4.28a...................................................................................................... 142

Gambar 4.28b...................................................................................................... 142

Gambar 4.28c...................................................................................................... 142

Gambar 4.29 Ragam Hias Karo Baru Daniel. A. Kacaribu 13

dengan 5 Kombinasi.................................................................... 143

Gambar 4.29a...................................................................................................... 144

Gambar 4.29b...................................................................................................... 144

Gambar 4.29c Motif dengan kontur putih, latar belakang hitam........................ 145

Gambar 4.29d Motif dengan efek digital............................................................ 145

Gambar 4.29e Motif dengan efek 3 dimensi....................................................... 145