bahan kuliah parasitologi

8/17/2019 bahan kuliah parasitologi

1/42

A Brief Review of

Ticks

and Tick-BorneDiseases

...with a little radiology

Billy MacDonald


2/42

Ticks

• Class Arachnida

– closely related to mites


3/42

Ticks

• Class Arachnida

– closely related to mites

• obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites – vectors


4/42

Ticks of Veterinarymportance

Ixodidae

• scleroti!ed dorsalshield

– "hard ticks#

Argasidae

• $nscleroti!ed – "soft ticks#


5/42


Ixodidae

• scleroti!ed dorsalshield

– "hard ticks#• se%$ally dimorphic

– females larger

– male sc$t$m coversdors$m

Argasidae

• $nscleroti!ed – "soft ticks#

• little se%$aldimorphism


6/42


Ixodidae

• primarily o& host – "sit-and-wait#

• mate on host• re'$ire days to

completeengorgement

• live o$tdoors

Argasidae

• live in close pro%imityto host

• mate o& host• re'$ire mins - hrs to

feed and feedrepeatedly

• live indwelling(sleepingplaces of hosts


7/42

Tick )athogenesis

• anemia

– heavy infestations


8/42

Tick )athogenesis

• anemia

• dermatosis

– in*ammation+ swelling+ itching+$lceration from tick,s saliva andmo$thparts


9/42

Tick )athogenesis

• anemia

• dermatosis

• paralysis – ne$roto%in present in saliva of some

species

Dermacentor sp.


10/42

Tick )athogenesis

• anemia

• dermatosis

• paralysis• vector-borne diseases

– viral+ bacterial+ and proto!oal


11/42

Tick-borne Viral Diseases

• Colorado tick fever

rodents Dermacentor h$man


12/42




• tick-borne encephalitis

h$mans+ cattle+ horses+ dogs


13/42




• tick-borne encephalitis

h$mans+ cattle+ horses+ dogs

• African swine fever

wild s$ids Ornithodorus pig


14/42

Tick-borne RickettsialDiseases

• Rickettsia rickettsiiR/

rabbits+ rodents Dermacentor dogs+ h$mans


15/42


• Rickettsia rickettsii• Anaplasma sp.

bovine anaplasmosis0 cattle Dermacentor

canine anaplasmosis0 rodents+ r$minants+ dogs %odes


16/42


• Rickettsia rickettsii• Anaplasma sp.• Ehrlichia sp.

canine ehrlichiosis

dogs+ white-tail deer Rhipicephalus


17/42


• Rickettsia rickettsii• Anaplasma sp.• Ehrlichia sp.

obligate intracell$lar parasites


18/42


• Rickettsia rickettsii • Anaplasma sp.• Ehrlichia sp.

• Coxiella burnetti...no longer gro$ped with Rickettsia – 1 fever

obligate intracell$lar parasites


19/42

• Borrelia sp.

2yme disease

bovine borreliosis

avian spirochetosis

Tick-borne BacterialDiseases


20/42

• Borrelia sp.

• Mycoplasma haemocanis

canine hemoplasmosis

dogs Rhipicephalus



21/42

• Borrelia sp.

• Mycoplasma haemocanis

• Francisella tularensist$laremia

rabbits vario$s ticks h$mans+dogs



22/42

• Hepatozoon canis

Rhipicephalus dog

Tick-borne )roto!oalDiseases


23/42


• Babesia sp.

bovine+ canine+ feline babesiosis+ e'$inepiroplasmosis

Rhipicephalus



24/42


• Babesia sp.

• Cytauxzoon eliswild felids Dermacentor cats



25/42

2yme Disease...a closer look

!xodes paci"cus !xodes scapularis


26/42

2yme Disease...a closer look

!xodes sp.

white-footed deer mo$se

etiologic agent0 Borrelia bur#doreri

h$mans+ dogs+ cattle+ horses


27/42

clinical signs...in dogs

• fever+ anore%ia+ malaise

• lymphadenomegaly

• shifting leg lameness

– s$dden onset• painf$l artic$lar swelling

• 3nonerosive polyarthritis

– pathologic changes in the 4oints areprogressive

• rarely0 renal disease 5glomer$lonephritis6+ne$rological disease


28/42

diagnosis

• clinical lab 7ndings

– in*ammatory changes in synovial *$id

• serology

– 82A detects antibodies to B$ bur#doreri

• solation

– c$lt$re is most de7nitive...b$t also most

di9c$lt d$e to limited n$mber oforganisms present

– )CR


29/42

• antibiotic therapy

– for arthritis0 do%ycycline+ amo%icillin+a!ithromycin

– for ne$rological manifestations0cefota%ime+ chloramphenicol

• vaccines

treatment


30/42

:epato!oonosis...a closerlook

• etiologic agent0 – Hepatozoon canis...an intracell$lar parasite in

vario$s tiss$es – transmitted via ingestion of infected tick

5Rhipicephalus san#uineous6


31/42

dog ingests tick


32/42

dog ingests tick

sporo!oites in ; tract circ$lation striated m$scle


33/42

"onion skin# cyst in skeletal m$scle

dog ingests tick



34/42

"onion skin# cyst in skeletal m$scle

< = weeks...parasite infected ne$trophils

5gamonts6 present in peripheral blood

dog ingests tick


ase%$al reprod. 5merogony6

mero!oites released intos$rro$nding tiss$es

severe in*amm. reaction

ne$trophilic gran$loma formation


35/42

:epato!oonosis...a closerlook

• etiologic agent0 – Hepatozoon canis...an intracell$lar parasite in

vario$s tiss$es – transmitted via ingestion of infected tick

5Rhipicephalus san#uineous6• clinical signs0 – fever+ anore%ia+ weight loss+ diarrhea...wa% and

wane

• diagnosis0

– CBC+ Biochem.0 non-speci7c in*ammation – >A0 ?(- protein$ria – m$scle biopsy for de7nitive diagnosis

• treatment0

– symptomatic0 @ADs


36/42

:epato!oonosis viaradiology

)eriosteal proliferation on the fem$r+ tibia+ pelvis andl$mbar vertebrae of a dog infected with H$ canis


37/42


)eriosteal proliferation on the fem$r+ tibia+ pelvis andl$mbar vertebrae of a dog infected with H$ canis ...lesions resemble :


38/42

)eriosteal proliferation on the fem$r

of a dog infected with H$ canis


i i


39/42

:epato!oonosis via Bonecan

keletal lesions in a dog infected with H$ canis 5americanum6


40/42

References

• Craig+ T.. E. :epato!oonosis+ pp =FE-=GF+ n0 nfectio$sDiseases of the Dog and Cat+ Hnd 8ditionI Craig 8. ;reene 58d6+ J.B.a$nders+ )ennsylvania.

• ;reiner+ 8.C. HKKG. Diagnosis of arthropod parasites+ pp EF-HGL+n0 Veterinary Clinical )arasitology+ Mth 8ditionI Anne . Na4ak and;ary A. Conboy 58ds6+ Blackwell )$blishing+ owa.

• :olman+ ).O.+ and P./. nowden. HKK. Canine hepato!oonosis andbabesiosis+ and feline cyta$%!oonosis. Vet Clin mall Anim L0 KLF-FL.

• 2ittle+ .8. HKK. Vector-borne diseases+ pp H=K-HFL+ n0 ;eorgis,)arasitology for Veterinarians+ th 8ditionI Dwight D. Bowman 58d6+a$nders )$blishing+ isso$ri.

• )anciera+ R.O.+ athew+ O..+ 8wing+ .A.+ C$mmings+ C.A.+ Drost+ J.T.+

and A.A. Pocan. HKKK. keletal lesions of canine hepato!oonosisca$sed by Hepatozoon americanum. Vet )athol LM0 HHF-HLK.• haw+ D. and . hle. HKKG. Ooint diseases+ pp =L-=FK+ n0 mall

Animal nternal edicineI haw+ D. and . hle 58ds6+ Blackwell)$blishing+ owa.


41/42

1$estions


42/42

bahan kuliah parasitologi

Documents