tabel hara tanaman utk mahasiswa.pdf

8/11/2019 Tabel Hara Tanaman utk mahasiswa.pdf

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Tabel 1. Unsur-unsur kimia yang dibutuhkan tanaman dan konsentrasi dalam

jaringan tanaman yang dianggap cukup

Unsur SimbolBentuk

TersediaBobot Atom PPM

Kon. Jaringan

Kering

No. Atom realatip

terhadap Mo

Hidrogen H H2O 1.01 60.000 6 60.000.000

Karbon C CO2 12.01 4.50.000 45 35.000.000

Oksigen O O2H2O 16.00 4.50.000 45 30.000.000

Unsur makro

Nitrogen N NO NH 14.01 15.000 1.5 1.000.000

Kalium K K+ 39.10 10.000 1.0 250.000

Kalsium Ca CG++

40.08 5.000 0.5 125.000

Magnesium Mg Mg++ 24.32 2.000 0.2 80.000Fosfor P H2SO2HPO= 30.98 2.000 0.2 60.000

Belerang S SO4 32.07 1.000 0.1 30.000

Unsur Mikro

Klorin Cl CI- 35.46 100 0.00000 3.000

Boron B BO3=B4O2 10.82 20 0,00020 2.000

Besi Fe Fe+++,Fe++ 55.85 100 0,01000 2.000

Mangan Mn MN++ 54.94 50 0,0050 1.000

Seng Zn Zn++ 65.38 20 0,0020 3.00

Kuprum Cu Cu++,Cu+ 63.54 6 0.00060 100

Molidenum Mo MoO4 95.95 0.1 0.00001 1

Sumber: Salisbury, F.B, and C.Ross. 1969.Plant physiololgi.I Belmont,calif: Wadsworth, p.194.


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Tabel 2. Ringkasan garam pupuk yang biasa digunakan dalam hidroponik

FORMULA

KIMIANAMA KIMIA

BOBOT

MOLEKUL

UNSUR

DIASEDIAKAN

RASIO KE-

LARUTAN

THD AIR

BIAYA CATATAN

KNO3Potasium Nitrate

(saltpeter)

101.1 K+O2- 1:4 Low Highly soluble, hight purity

Ca(NO2)2 Calsium nitrate 164.1 Ca++,

2(NO2-) 1:1 low-Highly soluble,but is medium shippedwith a plasticiger coat-must be agreasy

akkimed off nutrient solution

(NH2)SO4

Ammonium sulfare 132.2 2(NH4+)SO4- 1:2 Medium

NH2H2PO4Ammonium

Hydrogen Phosphate132.1 2(NH4

+)HPO4- 1:4

Mediumbe used only under very

NH4NO3 ammonium Nittrate 80.05 NH4+NO2- 1:1 medium

very good light Conditions or to correct

Deficiency

(NH4)2HPO4amonium mono-

hydrogen posphate132.1 2(NH4+,HPO4- 1:2 medium

KH2PO4

Monopotasium

Phospate 13.61 K

+

,H2PO4- 1:3

very

expansive

An excellent salth and highly soluble

pure, but costly

KCIphotassium Choloride

(muriate of potash)74.55 K+,C!-- 1:3 expensive

Should only be used in deficienciest for

K and when no sodium cholorideis is

present in nutrient solution

K2SO4 potassium sulfate 174.3 2K+,SO4- 1:15 inexpensive

very low solubility, must dissolve in hotwater

Ca(H2PO4)2H2OmonochalciumPhosphate

252.1 Ca++

,2(H2PO4-) 1:60 inexpensive very difficult to obtain a solluble grade

(CaH4)PO4)tryple super

phosphateCa

++2(PO2-) 1:3000

inexpensive

very low sollubility dry good only forpremixes, not for nutrient solution

MgSO47H2Omagnesium sulfate

epsom salt

246.5 Mg++

,SO4- 1:2 cheap Excellent highly solluble

CaCI26H2O calsium chloride

219.1 Ca

++,2C- 1:1

expensive

highly solluble good to overcomedeficiences Ca but use only if no NaCi

present nutricient solution

CaSO2H2Ocalcium

sulfate(Gypsum)172.2 Ca

++,SO4- 1:500 inexpensive Very insoluble

H2PO2phosporic acid

Orthoposphoric Acid98.0 PO4=

expensive

Go`od use in correction of P deficiencies


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TABEL 3. Persentase kemurnian unsur makro

No NAMA GARAM KEMURNIAN (%)

1.

Ammonium phosphate (NH4)H2PO4) (food grade) 98

2. Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4) 94

3. Ammonium nitrate,pure (NH4)NO3) 98

4. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) 95

5.

Calcium nitrate (Ca)(NO3)2 90

6. Monocalcium nitrate (Ca(H2)PO4)2) (food grade) 92

7.

Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) 90

8. Potasssium chloride (KCI) 95

9.

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)7H2O) 45

10. Calcium chlorida (CaCI2) 75

11. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4)Gypsum) 70

12. Monopotassium posphate (KH2)PO4 98

the purity is calculated on the basis of designated formula water of crystalzation (eg: MgSO47H2O) isconsidered as impurity


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Tabel 4. Bobot atom unsur yang umum digunakan dalam hidroponik

NAMA SIMBOLBOBOT

ATOMNAMA SIMBOL

BOBOT

ATOM

Aluminium Al 26.98 Molybdenum Mo 95.94

Boron B 10.81 Nitrogen N 14.01

Calcium Ca 40.08 Oxygen O 16.00

Carbon C 12.01 Phosphorus P 30.97

Chlorine Cl 35.45 Potassium K 39.10

Copper Cu 63.54 Selenium Se 78.96

Hydrogen H 1.008 Silicon Si 28.09

Iron Fe 55.85 Sodium Na 22.99

Magnesium Mg 24.31 Sulfur S 32.06

Manganese Mn 54.94 Zinc Zn 65.37


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Tabel 5 Kisaran unsur hara dalam jaringan tanaman sehat

UNSURTOMAT TIMUN SELADA

KIISARAN RATA2 KIISARAN RATA2 KIISARAN RATA2

N% 4.55.5 4.5 5.06.0 5.25 3.06.0 4.3

P% 0.61.0 0.7 0.71.0 0.75 0.81.3 1.0

K% 4.05.5 4.5 4.55.5 4.75 5.010.8 5.4

Ca% 1.52.5 1.5 2.04.0 3.0 1.12.1 1.5

Mg% 0.40.6 0.5 0.51.0 0.75 0.30.9 0.42

Fe (ppm) 80 - 150 100 100 - 150 125 130600 120

B (ppm) 35 - 60 50 35 - 60 40 2540 32

Mn (ppm) 70 - 150 70 60 - 150 70 20150 70

Zn (ppm) 30 - 45 30 40 - 80 50 60120 45

Cu (ppm) 4 - 6 5 5 - 10 8 717 14

Mo (ppm) 1 - 3 2 13 2 14 23

N/K ratio 0.9

1.2 1.0 1.0

1.5 1.1


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Tabel 6. Formula larutan hara untuk musim kering di daerah tropis (Resh, 2004)

UNSUR

MAKRO

PPM (mg/L) UNSUR

MIKRO

PPM (mg/L)

KEMARAU HUJAN KEMARAU HUJAN

Ca+++ 250 150 Fe++ 0,50 5,00

Mg+++ 36 50 Mn 0,50 0,50

K+ 200 150 Cu 0,03 0,03

NH4+ 53 32 Zn 0,05 0,05

NO3- 177 115 B 0,50 0,50

PO4= 60 50 Mo 0,02 0,02

SO4= 129 52 Cl--

tabel hara tanaman utk mahasiswa.pdf

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