specimen paper - · pdf filespecimen paper 964/1 stpm biology (biologi) paper 1 (kertas 1) one...

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SPECIMEN PAPER

964/1 STPM

BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)

PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA (MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA (MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.

(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia

STPM 964/1

For examiner’s use

(Untuk kegunaan

pemeriksa)

Section B

(Bahagian B)

16

17

Section C

(Bahagian C)

Total

(Jumlah)

Instructions to candidates:

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE

TOLD TO DO SO.

There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers.

Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be

shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in

numerical order. Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of

Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.

Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.

Ple

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(Sil

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Arahan kepada calon:

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT

DEMIKIAN. Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.

Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.

Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah

ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib

berangka.

Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.

Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

- 1 -

www.myschoolchildren.commore examination papers at :

Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Which property of water is important to living organisms?

A Polar molecule

B Non polar molecule

C Low specific heat capacity

D Low latent heat of vaporisation

2 Which monosaccharide, example and its description correspond?

Monosaccharide Example Description

A Pentose Ribose A coenzyme involved in the transfer of

hydrogen during glycolysis

B Pentose Ribulose A source of NADPH production

C Triose Glyceraldehyde An important intermediate substance in

glycolysis

D Triose Dihydroxyacetone A monomer of cellulose

3 Which is not true of lipid?

A It is soluble in water.

B It is a solvent for cholesterol.

C It is soluble in organic solvents.

D It is an ester formed from the reaction of fat and alcohol.

4 Which amino acid is the first to be carried by tRNA to ribosome during translation?

A Leucine

B Tyrosine

C Tryptophan

D Methionine

5 Which organelle gives rise to the membranes of a cell?

A Vacuole

B Nucleus

C Lysosome

D Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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- 2 -


Bahagian A [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Sifat air yang manakah yang penting kepada organism hidup?

A Molekul berkutub

B Molekul tak berkutub

C Muatan haba tentu yang rendah

D Haba pendam pengewapan yang rendah

2 Monosakarida, contohnya, dan penerangan yang manakah yang berpadanan?

Monosakarida Contoh Penerangan

A Pentosa Ribosa Satu koenzim yang terlibat dalam

pemindahan hydrogen semasa glikolisis

B Pentosa Ribulosa Sumber penghasilan NADPH

C Triosa Gliseraldehid Bahan perantara penting dalam glikolisis

D Triosa Dihidroksiaseton Monomer selulosa

3 Yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang lipid?

A Terlarut dalam air.

B Pelarut bagi kolesterol.

C Terlarut dalam pelarut organik.

D Satu ester yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas lemak dan alkohol.

4 Asid amino yang manakah yang pertama dibawa oleh tRNA ke ribosom semasa translasi?

A Leusina

B Tirosina

C Triptofan

D Metionina

5 Organel yang manakah yang membentuk membran sel?

A Vakuol

B Nukleus

C Lisosom

D Jalinan endoplasma licin

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- 3 -


6 Which statement is not true of xylem?

A Xylem cells contain pits.

B Matured xylem cells are dead cells.

C Companion cells provide nutrients to the xylem.

D Xylem consists of vessel elements and tracheids.

7 The table below shows the components of a cell membrane and their functions.

Component of a cell

membrane Functions

I Oligosaccharide

II Lecithin

III Protein

IV Cholesterol

p Acts as a receptor to a certain molecule such as hormone

q As an indicator so that the cells can recognise each other

r Gives the semi-permeable and selective characteristics to

the membrane

s Maintains the fluid characteristics of the membrane

Which components of cell membrane and functions correspond?

I II III IV

A p q r s

B q r p s

C r p s q

D s r q p

8 Which factor reduces enzyme activity?

A Extreme pH

B Heavy metal

C Competitive inhibitor

D Very high temperature

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- 4 -


6 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang xilem?

A Sel xilem mengandungi pit.

B Sel xilem yang matang ialah sel mati.

C Sel rakan membekalkan nutrien kepada xilem.

D Xilem terdiri daripada unsur salur dan trakeid.

7 Jadual di bawah menunjukkan komponen-komponen satu membran sel dan fungsinya.

Komponen

membran sel Fungsi

I Oligosakarida

II Lesitin

III Protein

IV Kolesterol

p Bertindak sebagai reseptor kepada molekul tertentu seperti

hormon

q Sebagai penanda supaya sel boleh mengecam antara satu

sama lain

r Memberi sifat separa telap dan sifat memilih pada membran

s Mengekalkan ciri bendalir bagi membran

Yang manakah yang betul bagi komponen membran sel di atas dan fungsi masing-masing?

I II III IV

A p q r s

B q r p s

C r p s q

D s r q p

8 Faktor yang manakah yang mengurangkan aktiviti enzim?

A pH yang melampau

B Logam berat

C Perencat persaingan

D Suhu yang sangat tinggi

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- 5 -


9 Which graph shows the possible changes in the rate of a reaction catalysed by an enzyme in the

presence of a competitive inhibitor?

A B

C D

10 Which statement describes the advantage of immobilised enzyme?

A The efficiency of enzyme increases.

B The enzyme can be easily retrieved but cannot be reused.

C The end product does not contain the enzyme and easily retrieved.

D The characteristics of enzyme can be changed in order to increase its surface area.

11 What is the fate of all carbons from a glucose molecule after it is completely oxidised?

A Pyruvate

B Carbohydrate

C Carbon dioxide

D Acetyl coenzyme A

12 In a condition without oxygen, pyruvate in plants will

A be converted into lactate

B be converted into acetaldehyde

C enter the Krebs cycle immediately

D be converted back into phosphoglyceraldehyde

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Without

inhibitor

With

inhibitor

1/V

1/[S]

Without

inhibitor

With

inhibitor

1/V

1/[S]

Without

inhibitor With

inhibitor

1/V

1/[S]

With

inhibitor

Without

inhibitor

1/V

1/[S]

- 6 -


9 Graf yang manakah yang menunjukkan kemungkinan perubahan kadar tindak balas yang

dimangkinkan oleh enzim dalam kehadiran perencat persaingan?

A B

C D

10 Penyataan yang manakah yang memerihalkan kelebihan enzim pentakmobilan?

A Keefisienan enzim bertambah.

B Enzim boleh didapatkan dengan mudah tetapi tidak boleh digunakan semula.

C Produk akhir tidak mengandungi enzim dan mudah didapatkan.

D Ciri enzim boleh diubah bagi meningkatkan luas permukaan.

11 Apakah yang terjadi kepada semua karbon dari molekul glukosa selepas dioksidakan dengan

lengkap?

A Piruvat

B Karbohidrat

C Karbon dioksida

D Asetil koenzim A

12 Dalam keadaan ketiadaan oksigen, piruvat dalam tumbuhan akan

A ditukarkan kepada laktat

B ditukarkan kepada asetildehid

C masuk ke kitar Krebs dengan segera

D ditukar semula kepada fosfogliseraldehid

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Tanpa

perencat Dengan

perencat

Tanpa

perencat

Dengan

perencat

Dengan

perencat

Tanpa

perencat

1/[S]

1/[S] 1/[S]

Tanpa

perencat

Dengan

perencat

1/[S]

1/V 1/V

1/V 1/V

- 7 -


13 In cyclic photophosphorylation, the excited electron which returns to its ground state will emit

A light

B microwave

C gamma ray

D ultraviolet radiation

14 Which statement describes the characteristic of bundle sheath cell of C4 plants?

A It has small grana.

B It contains a few starch granules.

C The activity of photosystem I is high.

D Carbon dioxide is assimilated by PEP carboxylase.

15 The diagram below shows non-cyclic photophosphorylation during the light reaction of

photosynthesis.

Which are represented by X, Y and Z ?

X Y Z

A Ferredoxin Plastoquinone Plastocyanin

B Ferredoxin Plastocyanin Plastoquinone

C Plastocyanin Plastoquinone Ferredoxin

D Plastoquinone Plastocyanin Ferredoxin

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- 8 -


13 Dalam pemfotofostorilan berkitar, elektron teruja yang kembali ke keadaan asas akan

membebaskan

A cahaya

B gelombang mikro

C sinar gamma

D sinaran ultra lembayung

14 Penyataan yang manakah yang memerihalkan ciri sel berkas tumbuhan C4?

A Mempunyai grana yang kecil.

B Mengandungi beberapa granul kanji.

C Aktiviti fotosistem I adalah tinggi.

D Karbon dioksida diasimilasi oleh PEP karboksilase.

15 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan pemfotofosforilan bukan kitar semasa tindak balas cahaya

fotosintesis.

Yang manakah yang diwakili oleh X, Y, dan Z ?

X Y Z

A Ferredoksin Plastokuinon Plastosianin

B Ferredoksin Plastosianin Plastokuinon

C Plastosianin Plastokuinon Ferredoksin

D Plastokuinon Plastosianin Ferredoksin

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Penerima

pertama

Penerima

pertama

Kompleks

sitokrom

Cahaya Cahaya

NADP+

reduktase

- 9 -


Section B [15 marks]


16 A quantity of cells taken from a type of tissue were homogenised and their organelles were

separated by ultracentrifugation. The diagrams below show three types of organelles obtained.

(a) State where these cells may have been taken from. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Arrange the order of sedimentation of organelles X, Y and Z. Explain your answer. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) From the above diagrams, name the structure labelled P, Q and R. [3 marks]

P: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................

R: ...............................................................................................................................................................

(d) Give one function of organelle Y. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(e) Give one common function of organelles X and Z. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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P Q R

Organelle X Organelle Y Organelle Z

- 10 -


Bahagian B [15 markah]


16 Sejumlah sel yang diambil daripada tisu telah dihomogenkan dan kandungan organelnya

diasingkan melalui ultrapengemparan. Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga jenis organel yang

diperoleh.

(a) Nyatakan dari manakah sel-sel ini mungkin telah diperoleh. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Susunkan turutan pengenapan bagi organel X, Y, dan Z. Jelaskan jawapan anda. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Daripada gambar rajah di atas, namakan struktur yang berlabel P, Q, dan R. [3 markah]

P: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................

R: ...............................................................................................................................................................

(d) Berikan satu fungsi organel Y. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(e) Berikan satu fungsi sepunya bagi organel X dan Z. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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P Q R

Organel X Organel Y Organel Z

Sil

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17 The diagram below shows photophosphorylation in light reaction for plants.

(a) Name the photosystems labeled Q and R, and give the wavelengths of their appropriate

reaction centres. [4 marks]

Name of photosystem Wavelength

Q: ..................................... .....................................

R: ..................................... .....................................

(b) What are the forms of energy represented by S and T? [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Name the process that occurs at Q. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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Oxidation-

reduction

potential

(Relative

energy

level)

- 12 -


17 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan pemfotofosforilan dalam tindak balas cahaya bagi

tumbuhan.

(a) Namakan fotosistem yang berlabel Q dan R, dan berikan panjang gelombang bagi pusat

tindak balas yang sewajarnya. [4 markah]

Nama fotosistem Panjang gelombang

Q: ..................................... .....................................

R: ..................................... .....................................

(b) Apakah bentuk tenaga yang diwakili oleh S dan T? [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Namakan proses yang berlaku di Q. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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Keupayaan

pengoksidaan

penurunan

(Aras tenaga

relatif)

Penerima elektron Penerima elektron

Sil

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kkan d

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panja

ng g

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s putu

s-pu

tus

ini.

- 13 -


Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) Describe the primary, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins. State the importance of

these structures which are related to the properties of proteins. [11 marks]

(b) Based on their functions, proteins can be classified into several types. Give two types of these

proteins and their functions in living organisms. [4 marks]

19 (a) Distinguish a bacteria chromosome from a eukaryotic chromosome. [8 marks]

(b) Describe the distinctive anatomical features of vascular bundles in maize leaves. [7 marks]

20 (a) Explain three different classes of enzymes based on the reactions that they catalyse.

[6 marks]

(b) By giving two examples of enzymatic reactions, explain how the appropriate cofactor and

inhibitor affect their activities. [9 marks]

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- 14 -


Bahagian C [30 markah]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

18 (a) Perihalkan struktur primer, sekunder, dan tertier bagi protein. Nyatakan kepentingan struktur

ini yang berkaitan dengan sifat protein. [11 markah]

(b) Berdasarkan fungsinya, protein boleh dikelaskan kepada beberapa jenis. Berikan dua jenis

protein ini dan fungsinya dalam organisma hidup. [4 markah]

19 (a) Bezakan kromosom bacteria daripada kromosom eukariot. [8 markah]

(b) Perihalkan ciri anatomi yang ketara bagi berkas vaskular pada daun jagung. [7 markah]

20 (a) Perihalkan tiga kelas enzim yang berbeza berdasarkan tindak balas yang dimangkinkan.

[6 markah]

(b) Dengan memberi dua contoh tindak balas enzim, jelaskan bagaimana kofaktor dan perencat

yang sesuai mempengaruhi aktiviti masing-masing. [9 markah]

964/1

- 15 -




SPECIMEN PAPER

964/2 STPM

BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)

PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)







STPM 964/2


(Untuk kegunaan

pemeriksa)

Section B

(Bahagian B)

16

17

Section C

(Bahagian C)

Total

(Jumlah)



TOLD TO DO SO.

There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers.

Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be

shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate.

Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in

numerical order.

Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.


Ple

ase

tea

r off

alo

ng t

he

per

fora

ted l

ine.

(Sil

a k

oya

kkan d

i se

panja

ng g

ari

s putu

s-p

utu

s in

i.)



DEMIKIAN. Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.

Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang

dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan. Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah

ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan

setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib berangka.

Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan

kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C. Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

- 16 -




1 The graph below shows the oxygen dissociation curves for myoglobin, maternal haemoglobin and

foetal haemoglobin.

Which curves correspond to myoglobin, maternal haemoglobin and foetal haemoglobin?

Myoglobin Maternal haemoglobin Foetal haemoglobin

A P Q R

B P R Q

C Q R P

D R P Q

2 Which factor causes the stomata to close?

A Water stress

B Low temperature

C High light intensity

D Low carbon dioxide concentration

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Partial pressure of oxygen/mm Hg

Percentage of

oxygen saturation

- 17 -




1 Graf di bawah menunjukkan lengkung penceraian oksigen untuk mioglobin, hemoglobin ibu dan

hemoglobin fetus.

Lengkung yang manakah yang sepadan dengan mioglobin, hemoglobin ibu, dan hemoglobin

fetus?

Mioglobin Hemoglobin ibu Haemoglobin fetus

A P Q R

B P R Q

C Q R P

D R P Q

2 Faktor yang manakah yang menyebabkan penutupan stoma?

A Tekanan air

B Suhu rendah

C Keamatan cahaya yang tinggi

D Kepekatan karbon dioksida yang rendah

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Tekanan separa oksigen/mm Hg

Peratus ketepuan

oksigen

- 18 -


3 The graph below shows the pressure changes in the atrium, ventricle and aorta during a complete

cardiac cycle.

What do X, Y and Z represent?

X Y Z

A Aortic pressure Atrial pressure Ventricular pressure

B Ventricular pressure Atrial pressure Aortic pressure

C Atrial pressure Ventricular pressure Aortic pressure

D Atrial pressure Aortic pressure Ventricular pressure

4 Which statement about the control of heart beat is true?

A The secretion of adrenaline increases the rate of heart beat.

B The decrease in blood pH inhibits neurons in the chemoreceptors at the aorta and carotid

artery.

C The propagation of impulse through the sympathetic nerve towards the sinoatrial and

atrioventricular nodes decreases the rate of heart beat.

D The propagation of impulses through the parasympathetic nerve towards the sinoatrial and

atrioventricular nodes increases the rate of heart beat.

5 The role of the Casparian strip in the endodermal cell of the root is

A to carry out active transport

B to strengthen the root structure

C to ensure that water and minerals enter the vascular tissue via the symplastic route

D to ensure that water and minerals enter the vascular tissue via the apoplastic route

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Time/s

Pressure/kPa

- 19 -


3 Graf di bawah menunjukkan perubahan tekanan di dalam atrium, ventrikel, dan aorta semasa satu

kitar kardium yang lengkap.

Apakah yang diwakili oleh X, Y, dan Z?

X Y Z

A Tekanan aorta Tekanan atrium Tekanan ventrikel

B Tekanan ventrikel Tekanan atrium Tekanan aorta

C Tekanan atrium Tekanan ventrikel Tekanan aorta

D Tekanan atrium Tekanan aorta Tekanan ventrikel

4 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang kawalan denyutan jantung?

A Rembesan adrenalina meningkatkan kadar denyutan jantung.

B Penurunan pH darah menrencat neuron pada aorta dan arteri carotid dalam kemoreseptor

C Perambatan impuls melalui saraf simpatetik ke arah buku sinoatrium dan buku atreoventrikel

merendahkan kadar denyutan jantung.

D Perambatan impuls melalui saraf parasimpatetik kearah buku sinoatrium dan buku

atreoventrikel meningkatkan kadar denyutan jantung.

5 Peranan jalur Caspary di dalam sel endodermis akar ialah

A menjalankan pengangkutan aktif

B mengukuhkan struktur akar

C memastikan bahawa air dan mineral memasuki tisu vaskular melalui laluan simplas

D memastikan bahawa air dan mineral memasuki tisu vaskular melalui laluan apoplas

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Masa/s

Tekanan/kPa Sistol

atrium

Sistol

ventrikel Diastol

- 20 -


6 The role of calcium ions during muscle contraction is

A to form tropomyosin-troponin complex

B to bind myosin to actin forming cross-bridges

C to bind with tropomyosin exposing the myosin head

D to bind with troponin allowing the formation of cross-bridges

7 Which statement refers to the mechanism of action of adrenaline?

A Transcription and translation occur.

B Hormone diffuses through the plasma membrane.

C The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus.

D Hormone binds with a receptor on the plasma membrane.

8 The events regarding the action of oestrogen are given as follows.

I A specific gene is activated.

II Transcription and translation occur.

III Hormone receptor complex enter the nucleus.

IV Hormone diffuses through the plasma membrane.

Which sequence of events is correct?

A I IV II III

B I IV III II

C IV III I II

D IV III II I

9 Which structure cease to function after the formation of placenta in the development of

mammalian foetus?

A Allantois

B Yolk sac

C Chorionic membrane

D Amniotic membrane

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- 21 -


6 Peranan ion kalsium dalam pengecutan otot adalah

A untuk membentuk kompleks tropomiosin-troponin

B untuk mengikat miosin kepada aktin membentuk titian silang

C untuk mengikat dengan tropomiosin mendedahkan kepala miosin

D untuk mengikat dengan troponin membenarkan pembentukan titian silang

7 Penyataan yang manakah yang merujuk kepada mekanisme tindakan adrenalina?

A Transkripsi dan penterjemahan berlaku.

B Hormon meresap melalui membran plasma.

C Kompleks hormon reseptor memasuki nukleus.

D Hormon mengikat dengan reseptor pada membran plasma.

8 Peristiwa berkenaan tindakan estrogen diberikan seperti yang berikut.

I Gen spesifik diaktifkan.

II Transkripsi dan translasi berlaku.

III Kompleks hormon reseptor memasuki nukleus.

IV Hormon meresap melalui membran plasma.

Yang manakah urutan peristiwa yang benar?

A I IV II III

B I IV III II

C IV III I II

D IV III II I

9 Struktur yang manakah yang berhenti berfungsi selepas pembentukan plasenta dalam

perkembangan fetus mamalia?

A Alantois

B Pundi yolka

C Membran korion

D Membran amnion

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- 22 -


10 The following are events that occur during seed germination.

I Activation of enzyme

II Initial uptake of water

III Flow of sugar into embryo

IV Activation of gibberellic acids

Which is the correct sequence of events during seed germination?

A II I III IV

B II I IV III

C II III I IV

D II IV I III

11 Which substance is produced by the mammalian liver during protein metabolism?

A Bile

B Urea

C Glycogen

D Cholesterol

12 The simplified diagram of the humoral response is shown below.

What do W, X and Y represent?

W X Y

A B cell Memory B cell Antibody

B B cell Antibody Memory B cell

C T cell Memory T cell Antibody

D T cell Memory T cell Cytotoxic T cell

964/2

Antigen

Stimulate

W

X

Y

Plasma cell

- 23 -


10 Peristiwa berikut berlaku semasa percambahan biji benih.

I Pengaktifan enzim

II Permulaan pengambilan air

III Pengaliran gula kedalam embrio

IV Pengaktifan asid giberelik

Yang manakah urutan peristiwa yang betul semasa percambahan biji benih?

A II I III IV

B II I IV III

C II III I IV

D II IV I III

11 Bahan yang manakah yang dihasilkan oleh hati mamalia semasa metabolisma protein?

A Hempedu

B Urea

C Glikogen

D Kolesterol

12 Gambar rajah yang diringkaskan tentang tindakan humor ditunjukkan di bawah.

Apakah wang diwakili oleh W, X , dan Y ?

W X Y

A Sel B Sel B ingatan Antibodi

B Sel B Antibodi Sel B ingatan

C Sel T Sel T ingatan Antibodi

D Sel T Sel T ingatan Sel T sitotoksik

964/2

Antigen

Rangsangan

W

X

Y

Sel plasma

- 24 -


13 The diagram below shows the immune response in the human body.

Which statement about the above diagram is true?

A Cell X secretes lymphokine, then divides to form cells Y and Z in the presence of substance R.

B Cell Z responds quickly towards the repeated infection of a particular disease.

C Substance S induces proliferation of lymphocytes involved in the immune disease.

D Cell Y prepares other lymphocytes to produce antibodies.

14 The following are the stages of life cycle of Plasmodium that causes human malaria.

I Formation of gametocytes

II Multiplication in liver

III Injection of parasite

IV Completion of gametogony

V Migration of sporozoites to mosquito salivary gland

VI Invasion and multiplication in red blood cells

Which is the correct sequence of the Plasmodium life cycle?

A I II III IV V VI

B III II I V IV VI

C III II IV V I VI

D III II VI I IV V

964/2

- 25 -


13 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan gerak balas imun dalam badan manusia.

Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang gambar rajah di atas?

A Sel X merembeskan limfokin, kemudian membahagi menghasilkan sel Y dan Z dalam

kehadiran bahan R.

B Sel Z merespon dengan cepat terhadap jangkitan semula penyakit tertentu.

C Bahan S merangsang proliferasi limfosit yang terlibat dalam penyakit keimunan.

D Sel Y menyediakan limfosit lain untuk menghasilkan antibodi.

14 Yang berikut ialah peringkat kitar hidup Plasmodium yang menyebabkan malaria kepada

manusia.

I Pembentukan gametosit

II Pengandaan di dalam hati

III Suntikan parasit

IV Pelengkapan gametogoni

V Penghijrahan sporozoites kepada kelenjar liur nyamuk

VI Serangan dan pengandaan dalam sel darah merah

Yang manakah urutan yang benar tentang kitar hidup Plasmodium?

A I II III IV V VI

B III II I V IV VI

C III II IV V I VI

D III II VI I IV V

964/2

Bahan S Bahan S

Bahan R

Sel Z

Sel X

Bergerak

ke nodus limfa

Sel prekursor dari

sum-sum tulang

Sel Y

- 26 -


15 A person suffering from abrupt onset of fever, headache, facial flushing, conjuctival suffusion and

severe backache is most likely to contract

A dengue

B cholera

C malaria

D tuberculosis

964/2

- 27 -


15 Seorang yang menderita serangan mendadak demam, sakit kepala, kemerahan pada wajah,

konjugtivitis dan sakit pinggang kemungkinan besar menghidap

A denggi

B kolera

C malaria

D tuberkulosis

964/2

- 28 -




16 The diagram below shows the simplified chemical reaction that occurs during the transport of

carbon dioxide by the red blood cell in a mammal.

(a) Name the substances labelled R, S and T. [3 marks]

R: ...............................................................................................................................................................

S: ...............................................................................................................................................................

T: ...............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain what happens at stages I and II. [4 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/2

Cell/tissue

R + O2 CO2 + H2O

CO2 + H2O

H2CO3

HCO3 H

+ + Hb O2

HbO2

S

I

T

Erythrocyte membrane

II

- 29 -




16 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas kimia yang diringkaskan yang berlaku semasa

pengangkutan karbon dioksida oleh sel darah merah dalam mamalia.

(a) Namakan bahan yang berlabel R, S, dan T. [3 markah]

R: ...............................................................................................................................................................

S: ...............................................................................................................................................................

T: ...............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Jelaskan apa yang berlaku pada peringkat I dan II. [4 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/2

Sel/tisu

R + O2 CO2 + H2O

CO2 + H2O

H2CO3

HCO3 H

+ + Hb O2

HbO2

S

I

T

Membran eritrosit

II

Sil

a k

oya

kkan d

i se

panja

ng g

ari

s putu

s-p

utu

s in

i.

- 30 -


17 The diagram below shows simplified events in menstrual cycle of humans.

(a) Name the structure labelled P and Q. [2 marks]

P: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................

(b) State two types of hormones which influence the above menstrual cycle, and state the role of

each hormone. [4 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) What happens to structure Q if

(i) fertilisation occurs? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) fertilisation does not occur? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/2

P Q

Thickness of

endometrium

Menstrual

phase

Proliferative

phase

Secretory

phase Ovulation

- 31 -


17 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan ringkasan peristiwa dalam kitar haid manusia.

(a) Namakan struktur berlabel P dan Q. [2 markah]

P: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Nyatakan dua jenis hormon yang mempengaruhi kitar haid di atas, dan nyatakan peranan

setiap hormon. [4 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Apakah yang berlaku kepada struktur Q jika

(i) persenyawaan berlaku? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) persenyawaan tidak berlaku? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/2

P Q

Ketebalan

endometrium

Fasa

haid

Fasa

proliferatif

Fasa

rembesan Ovulasi

Sil

a k

oya

kkan d

i se

panja

ng g

ari

s putu

s-pu

tus

ini.

- 32 -




18 (a) Give the definition, causes and methods of prevention of each of the following cardiovascular

disorders.

(i) Arteriosclerosis

(ii) Hypertension

[10 marks]

(b) With the aid of Munch Model, describe the mechanism of mass translocation in phloem.

[5 marks]

19 (a) With the aid of a diagram, describe the process of double fertilisation in an angiosperm.

[5 marks]

(b) Describe the main structural features that favour cross-pollination in an angiosperm.

[4 marks]

(c) Describe the characteristics of the following types of asexual reproduction.

(i) Polyembryony

(ii) Parthenogenesis

(iii) Vegetative reproduction

[6 marks]

20 (a) Name the organs of the lymphatic system, and describe their functions. [8 marks]

(b) A malfunctioned kidney may be replaced by a healthy one which is transplanted from a

donor.

(i) Explain why the healthy kidney may later be rejected by the recipient’s body. [4 marks]

(ii) What are the steps taken to overcome the problem of rejection by the recipient’s body?

[3 marks]

964/2

- 33 -



Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

18 (a) Berikan takrif, punca, dan kaedah pencegahan setiap penyakit kardiovaskular yang berikut.

(i) Arteriosklerosis

(ii) Hipertensi

[10 markah]

(b) Dengan bantuan Model Munch, perihalkan mekanisme translokasi jisim dalam floem.

[5 markah]

19 (a) Dengan bantuan gambar rajah, perihalkan proses persenyawaan ganda dua dalam suatu

angiosperma. [5 markah]

(b) Perihalkan sifat struktur utama yang menggalakkan pendebungaan silang dalam suatu

angiosperma. [4 markah]

(c) Perihalkan ciri bagi jenis pembiakan aseks yang berikut.

(i) Poliembrioni

(ii) Partenogenesis

(iii) Pembiakan vegitatif [6 markah]

20 (a) Namakan organ dan struktur dalam system limfa, dan perihalkan fungsi masing-masing.

[8 markah]

(b) Ginjal yang tidak berfungsi boleh digantikan dengan ginjal yang sihat yang dipindahkan

daripada seorang penderma.

(i) Jelaskan mengapa ginjal yang sihat mungkin kemudiannya akan ditolak oleh badan

penerima. [4 markah]

(ii) Apakah langkah-langkah yang diambil untuk mengatasi masalah penolakan oleh badan

penerima itu? [3 markah]

964/2

- 34 -




SPECIMEN PAPER

964/3 STPM

BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)

PAPER 3 (KERTAS 3)







STPM 964/3


(Untuk kegunaan

pemeriksa)

Section B

(Bahagian B)

16

17

Section C

(Bahagian C)

Total

(Jumlah)



TOLD TO DO SO. There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices

of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks

will not be deducted for wrong answers. Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces

provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate.

Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in

numerical order.

Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of

Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C. Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.

Ple

ase

tea

r off

alo

ng t

he

per

fora

ted l

ine.

(Sil

a k

oya

kkan d

i se

panja

ng g

ari

s putu

s-p

utu

s in

i.)



DEMIKIAN.

Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan. Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang

dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.

Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah. Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan

setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib

berangka. Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan

kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.


- 35 -




1 Which genera belongs to the phylum Coniferophyta?

A Zea

B Cycas

C Dryopteris

D Marchantia

2 Housefly is classified into the Order

A Diptera

B Hemiptera

C Orthoptera

D Hymenoptera

3 Which statement is true of an ecosystem?

A It encompasses living and non living components.

B It encompasses edaphic, climatic and topographic factors.

C It comprises of various species living together in a habitat.

D It comprises of organisms with the same morphological characteristics.

4 Which energy flows in an ecosystem involves the transfer of the greatest amount of energy?

A Plant Herbivore

B Herbivore Carnivore

C Carnivore Decomposer

D Herbivore Decomposer

964/3

- 36 -



Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1 Genus yang manakah kepunyaan filum Coniferophyta?

A Zea

B Cycas

C Dryopteris

D Marchantia

2 Lalat dikelaskan kedalam Order

A Diptera

B Hemiptera

C Orthoptera

D Hymenoptera

3 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang ekosistem?

A Meliputi komponen hidup dan bukan hidup

B Meliputi faktor edafik, faktor iklim, dan faktor topografik

C Meliputi pelbagai spesies yang hidup bersama dalam suatu habitat

D Meliputi organisma yang mempunyai ciri morfologi yang sama

4 Pengaliran tenaga dalam ekosistem yang manakah yang melibatkan pemindahan amaun tenaga

yang paling banyak?

A Tumbuhan Herbivor

B Herbivor Karnivor

C Karnivor Pengurai

D Herbivor Pengurai

964/3

- 37 -


5 The graph below shows the survivorship curves for three species of animals.

Which characteristic of the animal is correctly matched to its survivorship curve?

Characteristic Curve

A Natality rate is high (c)

B Care for offspring is minimal (a)

C Mortality rate remains constant with age (a)

D Mortality is concentrated at the end of the maximum life span (b)

6 Which statement is not true of an artificial classification system?

A The system is based on phylogenetic relationship.

B The system can be used to construct dichotomous keys.

C Organisms are placed into groups for specific purposes.

D Organisms are placed into groups according to their different characteristics which are

arbitrarily chosen.

7 The processes below contribute to speciation except

A isolation

B succession

C natural selection

D formation of different gene pool

8 Alleles A and B are codominant. How many types of phenotype would be produced from the

cross AB AB?

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4

964/3

Number of

survivors

(log scale)

Percentage of maximum life span

- 38 -


5 Graf di bawah menunjukkan lengkung kemandirian bagi tiga spesies haiwan.

Ciri haiwan yang manakah yang sepadan dengan betul dengan lengkung kemandiriannya?

Ciri Lengkung

A Kadar kenatalan yang tinggi (c)

B Penjagaan anak minima (a)

C Kadar kemortalan kekal malar dengan umur (a)

D Kemortalan tertumpu pada akhir tempoh hidup maksimum (b)

6 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang sistem pengelasan buatan?

A Sistem yang berdasarkan hubungan filogenetik.

B Sistem itu boleh digunakan untuk membina kunci dikotomi.

C Organisma diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan untuk kegunaan spesifik.

D Organisma diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan mengikut perbezaan ciri yang dipilih secara

sembarangan.

7 Proses di bawah menyumbang kepada penspesiesan kecuali

A pemencilan

B penggantian

C pemilihan semulajadi

D pembentukan kolam gen yang berbeza

8 Alel A dan B adalah kodominan. Berapakah jenis fenotip yang akan terhasil daripada kacukan

AB AB?

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4

964/3

Peratusan jangka masa maksimum hidup

Bilangan

yang hidup

(skala log)

- 39 -


9 The frequency of the allele B in a population at genetic equilibrium is 0.70. What is the frequency

of the Bb genotype?

A 0.21

B 0.42

C 0.49

D 0.70

10 The graphs below show the ultraviolet absorption in the experiment to prove the mode of DNA

replication.

Which conclusion can be made from the above graphs?

A The dispersive mode of DNA replication can be eliminated in the generation 1.

B The conservative mode of DNA replication can be eliminated in the generation 2.

C The semi-conservative mode of DNA replication can be proven in the generation 1.

D The semi-conservative mode of DNA replication can be proven in the generation 2.

964/3

Percentage

of ultraviolet

absorption

Generation 0

Generation 1

Generation 2

Generation 3

Nitrogen content

Nitrogen content

Nitrogen content

Nitrogen content 14

14

NN 15

14

NN 15

15

NN

- 40 -


9 Frekuensi alel B dalam populasi dalam keseimbangan genetik ialah 0.70. Berapakah frekuensi

genotip Bb?

A 0.21

B 0.42

C 0.49

D 0.70

10 Graf di bawah menunjukkan penyerapan ultra lembayung dalam uji kaji untuk membuktikan cara

pereplikaan DNA.

Kesimpulan yang manakah yang boleh dibuat daripada graf di atas?

A Mode dispersif pereplikaan DNA boleh dihilangkan pada generasi 1.

B Mode konsevatif pereplikaan DNA boleh dihilangkan pada generasi 2.

C Mode semi konsevatif pereplikaan DNA boleh dibuktikan pada generasi 1.

D Mode semi konsevatif pereplikaan DNA boleh dibuktikan pada generasi 1.

964/3

Peratusan

serapan ultra

lembayung

Generasi 0

Generasi 1

Generasi 2

Generasi 3

Kandungan nitrogen

14

14

NN 15

14

NN 15

15

NN

Kandungan nitrogen

Kandungan nitrogen

Kandungan nitrogen

- 41 -


11 Gene expression is defined as

A the transcription of genes from DNA

B the use of information in DNA to produce a protein

C the transfer of one gene from one organism to another

D the translation of one gene by ribosomes to produce protein

12 The pedigree below shows the inheritance of a disease.

The inheritance of the disease is controlled by

A X-linked recessive gene

B X-linked dominant gene

C autosomal recessive gene

D autosomal dominant gene

13 Which statement is not true of mutation?

A The deletion of two bases causes frame-shift mutation.

B Cri-du-chat syndrome is caused by a deletion in chromosome 5.

C Allopolyploidy involved chromosome doubling from different genomes.

D A chromosomal mutation involves the deletion of a base pair from a gene.

964/3

- 42 -


11 Pengekspresan gen boleh ditakrifkan sebagai

A transkripsi gen daripada DNA

B penggunaan maklumat dalam DNA untuk menghasilkan protein

C pemindahan satu gen dari satu organisma kepada satu organisma yang lain

D translasi satu gen oleh ribosom untuk menghasilkan protein

12 Salasiah di bawah menunjukkan penyakit pewarisan.

Penyakit pewarisan dikawal oleh

A gen resesif X-terangkai

B gen dominan X-terangkai

C gen resesif autosom

D gen dominan autosom

13 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang mutasi?

A Pelenyapan dua bes menyebabkan mutasi anjakan rangka.

B Sindrom Cri-du-chat disebabkan oleh pelenyapan kromosom 5.

C Alopoliploidi melibatkan pengandaan kromosom daripada genom yang berbeza.

D Mutasi kromosom melibatkan pelenyapan pasangan bes daripada satu gen.

964/3

Lelaki

normal

Perempuan

normal Perempuan

Penghidap

Lelaki

penghidap

Petanda:

- 43 -


14 The diagram below shows steps in DNA cloning using bacterial plasmid.

What processes are represented by P, Q and R?

P Q R

A Amplification Screening Transformation

B Amplification Transformation Screening

C Transformation Screening Amplification

D Transformation Amplification Screening

15 Transgenic bacteria is used in the following industrial processes except

A decomposition of oil spill

B degradation of organic waste

C production of -1-antitrypsin

D introduction of herbicide-resistant gene into plant

964/3

Source DNA

Plasmid

Cloned DNA

- 44 -


14 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan langkah pengklonan DNA mengunakan plasmid bakteria.

Apakah yang diwakili oleh P, Q, dan R?

P Q R

A Amplifikasi Penyaringan Transformasi

B Amplifikasi Transformasi Penyaringan

C Transformasi Penyaringan Amplifikasi

D Transformasi Amplifikasi Penyaringan

15 Bakteria transgenik digunakan dalam proses industri berikut kecuali

A penguraian tumpahan minyak

B degradasi bahan buangan organik

C penghasilan -1-antitrypsin

D pengenalan gen rintangan herbisid ke dalam tumbuhan

964/3

DNA sumber

Plasmid

DNA terklon

- 45 -




16 The graphs below show the normal distribution of early population of an organism living in three

different environments, I, II and III. The arrows represent the selection pressure on the phenotypes.

(a) Sketch the curve to show the effect of natural selection in each case. [3 marks]

(b) State the types of selection represented by the curves you have sketched in (a). [3 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Give one example of the phenomenon resulting from each of the selections II and III.

[2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/3

Number of

individuals

Phenotype

I II

Phenotype

Number of

individuals

Phenotype

III Number of

individuals

- 46 -




16 Graf di bawah menunjukkan taburan normal awal populasi organism yang hidup di tiga

persekitaran yang berbeza I, II, dan III. Anak panah mewakili tekanan pemilihan keatas fenotip.

(a) Lakar lengkung yang menunjukkan kesan pemilihan semula jadi dalam setiap kes.

[3 markah]

(b) Nyatakan jenis pemilihan yang mewakili lengkung yang anda lakar dalam (a).

[3 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Berikan satu contoh fenomena yang dihasilkan daripada pemilihan II dan III. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/3

Bilangan

individu

Fenotip

I II

Fenotip

Bilangan

individu

Fenotip

III Bilangan

individu

Sil

a k

oya

kkan d

i se

panja

ng g

ari

s putu

s-pu

tus

ini.

- 47 -


17 (a) The diagram below shows the stages of meiosis during the formation of gametes which

involve a pair of chromosome P and a pair of chromosome Q. Draw the complete diagram to show

the arrangement of the chromosomes if non-disjunction occurs involving the pair of chromosome P

during meiosis I. [6 marks]

(b) State the type of the above chromosomal mutation. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/3

Gamete Gamete Gamete Gamete

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

- 48 -


17 (a) Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan peringkat meiosis semasa pembentukan gamet yang

melibatkan sepasang kromosom P dan sepasang kromosom Q. Lukis gambar rajah lengkap untuk

menunjukkan susunan kromosom jika tak disjungsi berlaku yang melibatkan pasangan kromosom P

semasa meiosis I. [6 markah]

(b) Nyatakan jenis mutasi kromosom di atas. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/3

Gamet Gamet Gamet Gamet

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Sil

a k

oya

kkan d

i se

panja

ng g

ari

s putu

s-pu

tus

ini.

- 49 -




18 (a) Describe the characteristic features of the phylum Bryophyta and Filicinophyta. [8 marks]

(b) Water pollution is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity in Malaysia. Discuss this statement.

[7 marks]

19 (a) Explain the energy flow in the carbon cycle. [7 marks]

(b) Compare the adaptive characteristics of K-strategies and r-strategies. [8 marks]

20 In a small population, 40 individuals are tasters of phenylthiocarbamide and 60 are non-tasters.

The dominant allele T controls the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide.

(a) (i) Determine the frequencies of allele t and allele T. [6 marks]

(ii) Determine the number of individuals who are heterozygous in the population. [4 marks]

(b) If 20 non-tasters immigrate into the population, determine the new frequencies of allele t and

allele T. [5 marks]

964/3

- 50 -



Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

18 (a) Perihalkan cici-ciri filum Bryophyta dan Filicinophyta. [8 markah]

(b) Pencemaran air adalah ancaman utama kepada kepelbagian biologi di Malaysia. Bincangkan

pernyataan ini. [7 markah]

19 (a) Jelaskan pengaliran tenaga di dalam kitar karbon. [7 markah]

(b) Bandingkan ciri penyesuaian strategi K dan strategi r. [8 markah]

20 Dalam satu populasi kecil, 40 individu ialah perasa feniltiokarbamida dan 60 individu bukan

perasa feniltiokarbamida. Alel dominan T mengawal keupayaan untuk merasa feniltiokarbamida.

(a) (i) Tentukan kekerapan alel t dan alel T. [6 markah]

(ii) Tentukan bilangan individu yang heterozigot dalam populasi itu. [4 markah]

(b) Jika 20 individu bukan perasa berhijrah masuk ke dalam populasi itu, tentukan kekerapan

baharu alel t dan alel T. [5 markah]

964/3

- 51 -


SPECIMEN EXPERIMENT

964/4 STPM

BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)

PAPER 4 (KERTAS 4)




STPM 964/4

- 52 -


STPM BIOLOGY STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___

Experiment 1

Title: Determination of the osmotic potential of plant cells

Objectives: To determine the osmotic potential of the potato cell sap.

Learning Outcome: At the end of the experiment, the candidates should be able to

(i) prepare solutions of various molarities from a stock solution.

(ii) tabulate the results and plot graphs.

(iii) analyse and interpret experimental results.

Introduction:

Osmotic potential of a cell refers to the amount of solute dissolved in the cell sap, containing mostly

water and be the main cause to its osmotic concentration. The difference in osmotic concentration

inside the cell and its surrounding is called a concentration gradient. Movement of water molecules

via semi permeable membrane occurs from a region of higher water concentration (low osmotic

potential) to a region of lower water concentration (high osmotic potential).

Materials and apparatus:

(i) 1.0 M sucrose solution

(ii) Distilled water

(iii) Potato

(iv) Large test tubes

(v) Beakers

(vi) Ruler

(vii) Filter paper

(viii) Petri dish with cover

(ix) Marker pen

(x) Cork-borer

(xi) Single-edge blade

(xii) White tile

(xiii) Graph paper

(xiv) Dissecting needle/Mounted needle

(xv) 25 ml measuring cylinder

(xvi) Fine forceps

(xvii) 10 ml pipette

(xviii) Analytical balance

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Procedure:

1. Prepare 20 ml of 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose solutions from 1.0 M stock

solution in labelled test tubes. Use the following formula to assist you in preparing your

dilution.

2. Record the volume of the stock solution and distilled water used in each dilution in Table 1.

3. Prepare 15 cylindrical strips of potato tissues using a cork-borer. Cut the strips to a uniform

length.

4. Take 3 potato strips, record their average initial length and weight and place them into the test

tube containing 0.1 M sucrose solution. Note down the texture of the potato strips.

5. Repeat step 4 using 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose solutions and wait for 30 minutes.

6. Plot a standard curve of the osmotic potential against the molarities of the sucrose solutions

using the data given below.

Molarity (M) 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55

Osmotic potential

(in atmosphere) 1.3 2.6 4.0 5.3 6.7 8.1 9.6 11.1 12.6 14.3 16.0

7. After 30 minutes, remove the strips with the dissecting needle/mounted needle provided. Dry

the strips gently with filter paper and record their average final length and weight.

8. Note down any changes to the texture of the potato strips.

9. Create your own table to record the results. (Table 2)

10. Plot another graph of the average change in the length of the potato strips against the molarities

of the sucrose solution used.

11. Use both the graphs to determine the osmotic potential of the potato cell sap.

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where M1 = initial molarity

V1 = initial volume

M2 = final molarity

V2 = final volume

M1V1 = M2V2

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Result:

Table 1

Molarity 0.1 M 0.2 M 0.3 M 0.4 M 0.5 M

Volume of 1.0 M sucrose solution used (ml)

Volume of distilled water used (ml)

Table 2

Discussion:

1 (a) From the first graph, determine the solute concentration of the cell sap of the potato tissues (in

molarity) of sucrose solution. Explain your answer. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) From the standard curve, determine the equivalent osmotic potential (in atmosphere) of the

cell sap. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

2 What is the relationship between the changes in weight of the potato strips and their texture?

[2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

3 Plant fertilizer contains many solutes. Why an overdose of fertilizer may kill a plant? [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

Conclusion [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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SPECIMEN PAPER

964/5 STPM

BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)

PAPER 5 (KERTAS 5)





(Untuk kegunaan

pemeriksa)

1

2

3

Total

(Jumlah)




STPM 964/5



TOLD TO DO SO.

Answer all questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.



JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA

DIBENARKAN BERBUAT DEMIKIAN.

Jawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda dalam ruang yang

disediakan.


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1 A group of students carried out an experiment on respiration using yeast.

A fermentation tube was filled with 5% glucose solution and 5 drops of 10% yeast suspension. It

was then put inside a test tube as shown below.

The apparatus set-up was placed in an incubator at 37 C for 60 hours. The heights of the fluid

and the gas in the fermentation tube were recorded every 10 hours.

(a) Is oxygen involved in the process? [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Name the end products of the fermentation. [3 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Complete the table below. [3 marks]

Time (hour) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Height of fluid (mm) 100 82 73 68 66 66 66

Height of gas (mm)

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Test tube

Fermentation tube

Height of fluid

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1 Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu uji kaji tentang respirasi dengan menggunakan yis.

Satu tabung penapaian diisi dengan larutan glukosa 5% dan 5 titis ampaian yis 10%. Tabung

penapaian itu kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam satu tabung uji seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.

Susunan alat radas diletakkan ke dalam pengeram pada 37 C selama 60 jam. Tinggi bendalir dan

gas di dalam tabung penapaian direkodkan setiap 10 jam.

(a) Adakah oksigen terlibat dalam proses itu? [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Namakan hasil akhir penapaian itu. [3 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Lengkapkan jadual di bawah. [3 markah]

Masa (jam) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tinggi bendalir (mm) 100 82 73 68 66 66 66

Tinggi gas (mm)

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Tabung uji

Tabung penapaian

Tinggi cecair

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(d) Plot a graph of the height of the gas against time. [3 marks]

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(d) Plot graf tinggi gas lawan masa. [3 markah]

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(e) Based on the graph that you have plotted, describe briefly the fermentation process.

[2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(f) State two industrial applications of the yeast fermentation. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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(e) Berdasarkan graf yang anda plot itu, perihalkan secara ringkas proses penapaian itu.

[2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(f) Nyatakan dua penggunaan industri penapaian yis. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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2 (a) A cross-section of an organ that has been diverted out of a rat is shown in the diagram below.

(i) Name the organ, and the structures labelled A and I. [5 marks]

Organ: ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………

A: ……………………………………………….. F: ………………………………………………….

B: ……………………………………………….. G: ………………………………………………….

C: ………………………………………………. H: ………………………………………………….

D: ………………………………………………. I: ….………………………………………………..

E: ……………………………………………….

(ii) State two function of the organ. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) State the similarity and the difference in function between the structures B and C.

[2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) State the common function of structures F, G and J. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/5

A

B C

D

E

F

G

H I

J

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2 (a) Keratan rentas satu organ yang telah dialih keluar daripada seekor tikus ditunjukkan dalam

gambar rajah di bawah.

(i) Namakan organ itu, dan struktur berlabel A hingga I. [5 markah]

Organ: ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………

A: ……………………………………………….. F: ………………………………………………….

B: ……………………………………………….. G: ………………………………………………….

C: ………………………………………………. H: ………………………………………………….

D: ………………………………………………. I: ….………………………………………………..

E: ……………………………………………….

(ii) Nyatakan dua fungsi organ itu. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Nyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan fungsi antara struktur B dengan struktur C.

[2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) Nyatakan fungsi sepunya struktur F, G, dan J. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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A

B C

D

E

F

G

H I

J

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(b) The structures shown in the diagram below are related to the organ in (a).

(i) Name the structures K and L. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Give two characteristics of each of the structures. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Why are the wall structures of K and L are different? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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K L

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(b) Struktur yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah berkaitan dengan organ pada (a).

(i) Namakan struktur K dan L. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Berikan dua ciri bagi setiap struktur itu. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Mengapakah struktur dinding bagi K dan L berbeza? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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K L

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3 A researcher carried out a cross on pea plants to determine the inheritance of seed forms. He

crossed pure line wrinkled seed with pure line smooth seed to produce F1 generation and subsequently

F2 generation. A total of 250 plants were produced in F2 generation, 59 with wrinkled seeds and 191

with smooth seeds. The diagram below illustrates the crosses.

(a) What is the phenotype of progeny Q? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) What is the expected ratio of wrinkled-seed plants to smooth-seed plants of F2 generation?

[1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Using the expected ratio in (b), determine the expected number of phenotypes of F2

generation.

Phenotype Observed number Expected number

Wrinkled 59

Smooth 191

[2 marks]

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Progeny Q

X

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3 Seorang penyelidik telah membuat kacukan terhadap pokok kacang pea untuk menentukan

perwarisan bentuk biji. Beliau mengkacukkan baka tulen biji yang berkedut dengan baka tulen biji

licin untuk menghasilkan generasi F1 dan seterusnya generasi F2. Sebanyak 250 tumbuhan telah

dihasilkan dalam generasi F2, 59 dengan biji berkedut, dan 191 dengan biji licin. Gambar rajah

di bawah menunjukkan kacukan tersebut.

(a) Apakah fenotip bagi progeni Q? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Apakah nisbah jangkaan pokok dengan biji berkedut kepada pokok dengan biji licin bagi

generasi F2? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Dengan menggunakan nisbah jangkaan pada (b), tentukan bilangan jangkaan fenotip generasi

F2.

Fenotip Bilangan cerapan Bilangan jangkaan

Berkedut 59

Licin 191

[2 marks]

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Biji berkedut

Biji licin

Induk jantan Induk betina

X

Progeni Q

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(d) Using the chi-square formula, determine the chi-square value for F2 generation. [3 marks]

(e) Chi-square (2) values at 5% level is given below. [4 marks]

Using the data from above table, explain whether the result obtained is in accordance with

Mendel’s first law.

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(f) Determine the dominant seed forms of pea plants. [1 mark]

Wrinkled: ...................................................................................................................................................

Smooth: ......................................................................................................................................................

(g) With the symbol R as dominant allele and symbol r as recessive allele, determine the

genotypes of both parents and progeny Q. [3 marks]

Female parent:...................................................................................................................................

Male parent: .....................................................................................................................................

Progeny Q: ........................................................................................................................................

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Degree of freedom 5% level

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

3.841

5.991

7.815

9.488

11.070

12.592

14.067

15.507

16.919

18.307

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(d) Dengan menggunakan rumus khi kuasa dua, tentukan nilai khi kuasa dua bagi generasi F2.

[3 markah]

(e) Jadual nilai khi kuasa dua (2) pada aras 5% diberikan di bawah. [4 markah]

Dengan menggunakan data daripada jadual di atas, jelaskan sama ada keputusan yang diperoleh

mematuhi hukum Mendel pertama.

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(f) Tentukan kedominanan bentuk biji kacang pea. [1 markah]

Berkedut:....................................................................................................................................................

Licin: .........................................................................................................................................................

(g) Dengan simbol R sebagai alel dominan dan simbol r sebagai alel resesif, tentukan genotip

kedua-dua induk dan progeni Q. [3 markah]

Induk betina:..............................................................................................................................................

Induk jantan:..............................................................................................................................................

Progeni Q:..................................................................................................................................................

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Darjah kebebasan Aras 5%

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

3.841

5.991

7.815

9.488

11.070

12.592

14.067

15.507

16.919

18.307

- 70 -


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