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Ringkasan Pembahasan Chapter 14

Enterprise and global management of information technology

Components of Business/IT Planning

Strategy Development developing business strategies that support a companys businessvision

Resource Management developing strategic plans for managing or outsourcing a companysIT resources

Technology Architecture making strategic IT choices that reflect an information technologyarchitecture designed to support a companys business/IT initiatives

Information Technology Architecture

Applications Architecture integrated architecture of enterprise systems that

support strategic business initiatives as well as cross-functional business processes IT Organization organizational structure of the IS function within a company and thedistribution of IS specialists are designed to meet the changing strategies of a business

Application Development Management

Managing activities such as systems analysis and design, prototyping,applications programming, project management, quality assurance, and system maintenance for

all major business/IT development projects

IS Operations Management

Use of hardware, software, network, and personnel resources in the corporate or business unit

data centers of an organization

System Performance Monitors

Software packages that monitor theprocessing of computer jobs, helpdevelop a planned

schedule ofcomputer operations that can optimizecomputer system performance, andproducedetailed statistics that areinvaluable for effective planning andcontrol of computing capacity

Chargeback Systems

Output of a system performance monitor that allocates costs to users based on the informationservices rendered

Process Control Capabilities Performance monitoring systems that not only monitor but automatically control computeroperations at large data centers

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Global IT Management Challenges

Political Challenges

Rules regulating or prohibiting transfer of data across national boundaries Severely restricted, taxed, or prohibited imports of hardware and software

Local content laws that specify the portion of the value of a product that must be added in that

country if it is to be sold there Reciprocal trade agreements that require a business to spend part of the revenue they earn in acountry in that nations economy

Geoeconomic Challenges

Sheer physical distances Difficult to get good-quality telephone and telecommunications services

Differences in the cost of living and labor costs

Cultural Differences

Languages

Cultural Interests Religions

Customs Social Attitudes

Political Philosophies

Transnational Strategies

Integration of global business/IT applications through close cooperation and interdependence

among a companys international subsidiaries and its corporate headquarters

Global Systems Development

Conflicts over local versus global system requirements

Difficulties in agreeing on common system features Disturbances caused by systems implementation and maintenance activities

Global standardization of data definitions

Systems Development Strategies

Transform an application used by the home office into a global application

System used by a subsidiary that has the best version of an application will be chosen forglobal use

Set up a multinational development team with key people from several subsidiaries to ensurethat the system design meets the needs of local sites as well as corporate headquarters

Systems Development Strategies

Parallel Development parts of the system are assigned to different subsidiaries and the homeoffice to develop at the same times based on the expertise and experience at each site

Centers of Excellence an entire system may be assigned for development to a particularsubsidiary based on their expertise in the business or technical dimensions needed for successful

development Offshore Development outsource the development work to a global development company

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Summary

Information systems are not being used effectively or efficiently by many organizations.

The international dimensions of managing mglobal information technologies include

dealing with cultural, political, and geoeconomic challenges posed by various countries;developing appropriate business and IT strategies for the global marketplace; ,and developing a

portfolio of global ebusiness and e-commerce applications and an Internet-based technologyplatform to support them.

Many businesses are becoming global companies and moving toward transnational business

strategies in ,which they integrate the global business activities of their subsidiaries andheadquarters.