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NAKAREGREP MALAD OJREOS IHDA OTRIT

2091 LANOISAN SREP - : 8191

AYNRUDIT IRAD NUGNAB ARETUPIMUB GNACNOGGNEP

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

harajeS nakididneP idutS margorP

: helO

HISGNINAYTES ANITSIRK

720413170 : MIN

HARAJES NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

NAKAREGREP MALAD OJREOS IHDA OTRIT

2091 LANOISAN SREP - : 8191


ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

harajeS nakididneP idutS margorP

: helO

HISGNINAYTES ANITSIRK

720413170 : MIN

HARAJES NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP

aY nahuT adapek rukuys ijup alages nagneD nakhabmesrep ayas ,asE ahaM gn

s : adapek ini ispirk

.1 kapaB utiay ,ayas aut gnaro audeK namijduM ubI nad hayinaH irS aisatsanA ,

kutnu aynnaitahrep atres gnayas hisak nad tagnames nakirebmem ulales gnay

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad silunep gnukudnem

.2 ud nakirebmem ulales gnay amaD iduB okgnaP ,ayas imauS nad nagnuk

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad kutnu tagnames

.3 kakaK - kakak utiay ,ayas tsiluS sunitsugA itutsA iwD onteR sengA ,otnay nad

irasnaluW aksisnarF kutnu silunep adapek nagnukud nakirebmem ulales gnay

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad

.4 ,ayas kanA eC gnusgnal kadit araces gnay nosduJ oll ayas isavitomem halet

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem areges kutnu

.5 kapaB nad orP nesod ubI utS marg ulales gnay harajeS nakididneP id

gnibmibmem adapek nahara nakirebmem nad nakiaseleynem amales ayas

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id iduts

.6 .ayas adapek nagnukud irebmem ulales gnay gnaro aumes nad tabahaS

: ukretamamla kutnu ini ayrak nakhabmesrepuK

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU


v

OTTOM

nakukalem halada nainarebek anerak ,inareb asib gnay tukat gnaro aynaH

natapmesek aynup naka atik ,tukat asarem alib ,akaM .aynitukatid gnay utauses

.inareb pakisreb kutnu

( hugeT oiraM )

utas irad isatagnem nad itawelem kutnu naupmamek halada nalisahrebeK

.tagnames nagnalihek apnat ayntukireb nalagagek ek nalagagek

)llihcuhC notsniW(

.ilakes amas rupmetreb hanrep kadit adapirad halak nad rupmetreb kiab hibeL

)hguolC hguH ruhtrA(


iv

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

nagned nakataynem ayaS aynhuggnuses ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab

b uata ayrak taumem kadit halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak irad naiga

ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad malad nad napituk malad naktubesid

.haimli

inuJ 21 ,atrakaygoY 2102

,siluneP

hisgninayteS anitsirK


iiv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

:amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN : sirK hisgninayteS anit

awsisahaM romoN 0 : 2041317 7

naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD:ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

“ 2091 lanoisaN sreP nakaregreP malad ojreoS ihdA otriT - :8091aynrudiT irad nugnaB aretupimuB gnacnoggneP ”

y takgnarep atreseb nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagneD .)ada alib( nakulrepid gna ,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem

abret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad pmem nad ,sat kisakilbu I id aynna uata tenretn ayas irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial aidem ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek itlayor nakirebmem nupuam

.silunep iagabes

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas gnay ini naataynrep naikimeD

id taubiD atrakaygoY 21 , inuJ 2102

nakataynem gnaY

( sirK hisgninayteS anit )


iiiv

KARTSBA

NAKAREGREP MALAD OJREOS IHDA OTRIT LANOISAN SREP 2091 - 8191 :


sirK hisgninayteS anit amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

2102

nem kutnu naujutreb ini ispirks nasiluneP nakispirksed sisilanagnem nad : )1 ihdA otriT arac )2 ,srep ainud malad nujret ojreoS ihdA otriT gnakaleb ratal

eoS r ,srep alolegnem oj ojreoS ihdA otriT natabilretek irad isubirtnok )3 nadsrep ainud malad .

P lune spirks nasi i ini edotem nakanuggnem gnay harajes naitilenep nahilimep utiay ,napahat amil pukacnem kipot , kitsirueh ,isaterpretni ,isakifirev ,

da nakanugid gnay natakedneP .ifargoirotsih nad kitilop natakednep hala nadksed araces silutid fitpir .sitilana

:halada ini naitilenep lisaH )1 srep ainud malad nujret ojreoS ihdA otriTlaisos gnakaleb ratal :helo ignakalebratalid - gnakaleb ratal itupilem gnay ayadub

naicnebek nad nakididnep n ayirp atsak malad id ada gnay naasaibek padahret ay ,iy gnakaleb ratal atres laisos - id ,kitilop atres naksabebmem nigni otriT anam

adnaleB asgnab nahajajnep irad lasareb gnay nasadninep irad ayntaykar alebmem2 .ayntaykar adap asgnabreb naradasek nakhubmunem atres ) otriT araC

arac nakanuggnem nagned utiay srep alolegnem - B .urab arac iges irad tahilid aliladom , naagainrep nasuru malad urab gnologret nad kinu gnay arac ikilimem ai

akum id rayabmem kutnu aynnanaggnal arap atnimem nalaj nagned utiay imubirphasurep mahas iagabes paggnaid tubesret gnau aynitnan gnay ,naa ,isi iges irad

riT lah silunem nagned aynrabak tarus isignem ot - aumes tukgnaynem gnay lahrotkes auhategnep umli nad napudihek ,naranebek nakpakgnugnem atres n irad

s nakanuggnem otriT ,isgnuf ige gabes aynrabak tarus a nu nagnaujrep tala i kutuak alebmem ,sadnitret gnay m nad otriT hupma pukuc gnay arac ikilimem aguj

aynnaggnalep iracnem malad ipadahgnem aguj otriT ,ini srep alolegnem malaD ..natabmah srep ainud igab utiay ,srep malad otriT natabilretek irad isubirtnoK )3

riT ,aisenodnI utiay amatrep gnay lanoisan rabak tarus naktibrenem lisahreb otijajirP nadeM naahasurep akubmem lisahreb otriT ,imonoke gnadib malad ;

tuki otriT ,laisos gnadib malad ;mukuh nadabreb gnay amatrep imubirp gnagads iulalem atinaw isapisname nakareg gnorodnem nautnab nakirebmem ,rabak taru

nakutnenem malad narepreb tuki ,sadnitret gnay taykar adap nagnolotrep uata aynrihka adap gnay hatnirepret gnay asgnab asahab iagabes uyaleM asahab naaraduasrep nagnubuh nilajnem atres ,aisenodnI asgnab imser asahab idajnem

d .adnaleB aidniH id ada gnay aohgnoiT kududnep nagne


xi

TCARTSBA

FO TNEMEVOM EHT NI OJREOS IHDA OTRIT SSERP LANOITAN 2091 - 8191 :

REKCOHS EHT FO ARETUPIMUB GNIPEELS MORF

hisgninayteS anitsirK ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS

2102

yduts sihT mia s t )1 :ezylana dna ebircsed ot riT fo dnuorgkcab eh ihdA otsserp ni ylevitca trap a koot ojreoS t )2 , o syaw eh eganam ot ojreoS ihdA otriT f

ojreoS ihdA otriT )3 dna ,sserp eht ni noitapicitrap dna noitubirtnoc s’ sserp.dlrow

a deilppa yduts sihT er yrotsih gnoleb taht dohtem hcraes s : spets evif ot ,noitaterpretni ,noitacifirev ,scitsirueh ,cipot gnidnif dna ehT .yhpargoirotsih

taht hcaorppa saw t rof desu a saw hcraeser sih citilop la ni nettirw dna hcaorppa a.sisylana evitpircsed

r ehT tluse taht wohs yduts siht fo s T )1 : uorgkcab eh ojreoS ihdA otriT fo dnni ylevitca trap a koot sserp dlrow esuaceb eh dna ”iyayirp“ ni atarts detah eh

kam ot redro ni msilainoloc hctuD tsniaga thguof elpoep sih etacude ot detnaw erieht sdrawot erawa elpoep sih siH .msilanoitan larutluc lanoitacude dna laicos ,

citsiretcarahc hcus a evah mih edam dnuorgkcab T )2 . gniyrrac otriT fo syaw ehtem wen eht gnisu si sserp eht tuo F .doh laicnani yl dna dohtem euqinu a sah eh ,

gnoleb s ksa eh erehw dohtem wen ot emutsoc eht s decnavda ni ti yap ot sr eht dnaf sdnu erahs ynapmoc ot gnoleb F .s stnetnoc eht mor weiv fo tniop etirw eh , s nwod

wonk dna efil tuoba sgniht eht lla osla dna egdel F .hturt eht otriT ,noitcnuf eht moresu s loot a sa repapswen sih ,elpoep detanimod eht tsniaga h dna a sah osla e

tem lufrewop sremutsoc dnif ot doh emos tem osla eh ,sserp siht tuo gniyrrac nI .hdA otriT )3 .seitluciffid gnihsilbup ni dedeeccus ojreoS i .sserp naisenodnI otriT

deman repapswen lanoitan tsrif eht detneserp ijajirP nadeM E . yllacimonoc , otriTsseccus neeb sah a gnihsilbatse ni luf lanoitan noitaroproc i ;ynapmoc laicos n

stcepsa troppus osla otriT , s repapswen sih morf noitapicname nemow pleh , eht s ,elpoep desserppo ediced hcihw egaugnal etats a sa desu egaugnal uyaleM s yllanif

eH .egaugnal naisenodnI eht semoceb ekam osla s pihsdneirf a acinummoc noit eht ni elpoep esenihC htiw teN h sdnalre .seidnI


x

RATNAGNEP ATAK

sata anerak asE ahaM gnaY nahuT taridahek naktajnap silunep rukuys ijuPainurak hisak nad takreb - luduj nagned ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad silunep ,ayN

“ 2091 lanoisaN sreP nakaregreP malad ojreoS ihdA otriT - 8191 gnacnoggneP :aynrudiT irad nugnaB aretupimuB .”

malad tarays utas halas ihunemem kutnu nususid ini ispirks nasiluneP satlukaF id )1S( anajras raleg helorepmem K nakididneP umlI nad nauruge

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU :adapek hisakamiret nakpacugnem nigni silunep ini natapmesek adaP

.1 hP ,idnahoR kapaB ukales ,.D. umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF nakeDnakididneP , atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU .

.2 umlI nakididneP nasuruJ auteK ukales ,.iS.M ,.E.S ,nawamraD ardnI kapaB ,laisoS nauhategneP nakirebmem halet gnay silunep adapek natapmesek

.ini ispirks nanusuynep nagned natiakreb .3 dP.M ,inimuS aiserehT .arD ubI . ukales , nakididneP idutS margorP auteK

harajeS , nakirebmem halet gnay adapek nahadumek iagabreb nad natapmesekispirks nanusuynep nagned natiakreb silunep .ini

.4 nagned gnay gnibmibmep nesod ukales ,.muH.M ,onoyraH notnA .rD kapaB ,utnabmem ,gnibmibmem rabas nad nakusam nakirebmem atres iskerognem

aggnih silunep adapek .iaseles ini ispirks .5 kahip nad nesod huruleS aterkes tair nakididneP idutS margorP jeS hara gnay

halet silunep amales nautnab nad nagnukud nakirebmem iduts nakiaseleynemamrahD atanaS satisrevinU id .

.6 inU naakatsuprep nawayrak huruleS halet gnay amrahD atanaS satisrev naracnalek imed ukub namajnimep nanayalep nakirebmem rabas nagned

ini ispirks nanusuynep . .7 agraulek atoggna huruleS halet gnay nakirebmem nupuam lairetam nagnukud

esret tapad ini ispirks aggnihes silunep adapek lautirips nakiasel . .8 nameT - isseD anipsirK :ukkiab namet , ynnaiV airaM ahtrebilE ,attiN , aroN ,

naker atres - awsisaham naker 7002 natakgna harajes nakididnep halet gnayini ispirks ayniaselesret kutnu itrareb gnay nakusam nakirebmem .

i ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP uti anerak helo ,anrupmes irad huaj in .ini ispirks igab nugnabmem tafisreb gnay naras nad kitirk nakparahgnem silunep

.aynacabmep igab taafnam nakirebmem tapad ini ispirks agomeS 2102 inuJ 21 ,atrakaygoY

siluneP hisgninayteS anitsirK


ix

ISI RATFAD

namalaH

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ........................ i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ .............. ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .......... iii

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ....... vi

OTTOM NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ...................... v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ ........................... iv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL ISAKILBUP AYRAK

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI ................................ ...... iiv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ iiv i

SBA TCART ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ...................... x

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ ... xi

RATFAD RABMAG ................................ ................................ ........................ ix ii

RATFAD NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ .................... xiv

I BAB NAULUHADNEP ................................ ................................ ............... 1

.A rataL gnakaleB ................................ ................................ .............. 1

.B halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ ......... 6

.C nasiluneP taafnaM nad naujuT ................................ ....................... 7

.1 nasiluneP naujuT ................................ ................................ ...... 7

.2 nasiluneP taafnaM ................................ ................................ ... 8

.D akatsuP nauajniT ................................ ................................ ........... 9

.E iroeT nasadnaL ................................ ................................ .............. 11

.F naitileneP igolodoteM ................................ ................................ ... 12

.1 naitileneP edoteM ................................ ................................ ..... 12

.a kipoT nahilimeP ................................ ................................ .. 12

.b S nalupmugneP )kitsirueH( rebmu ................................ ........ 22

.c )isakifireV( rebmuS kitirK ................................ ................... 22

.d ( ataD narisfaneP isaterpretnI ) ................................ .............. 42

.e ( harajeS nasiluneP ifargoirotsiH ) ................................ ......... 52


iix

.2 natakedneP ................................ ................................ .............. 52

.G nasiluneP akitametsiS ................................ ................................ .... 62

II BAB GNAKALEB RATAL MALAD NUJRET OJREOS IHDA OTRIT

SREP AINUD ................................ ................................ ..................... 72

.A otriT ifargoiB ................................ ................................ ................ 27

.B laisoS gnakaleB rataL - ayaduB ................................ ...................... 63

.C laisoS gnakaleB rataL - kitiloP ................................ ....................... 04

III BAB SREP ALOLEGNEM OJREOS IHDA OTRIT ARAC ................ 45

.A d sreP sreP ainuD malad nujreT otriT mulebes aisenodnI i ............. 45

.B sreP alolegneM otriT araC ................................ ............................. 84

.1 otriT rabaK taruS ladoM ................................ .......................... 05

.2 otriT kiliM rabaK taruS isI ................................ ...................... 45

.3 otriT kiliM rabaK taruS isgnuF ................................ ............... 46

.4 naggnaleP iracneM otriT araC ................................ ................ 66

.C ipadahiD gnay natabmaH sreP alolegneM amaleS otriT ................ 76

.1 nagnaueK natiluseK ................................ ................................ . 76

.2 adnaleB aidniH id laredneJ runrebuG naitnagreP ..................... 69

VI BAB SREP AINUD MALAD OTRIT ISUBIRTNOK ............................ 17

.A sreP ainuD malad isubirtnoK ................................ ......................... 17

.B malad isubirtnoK imonokE gnadiB ................................ ................ 73

.C malad isubirtnoK laisoS gnadiB ................................ .................... 67

.1 rabaK taruS iulalem atinaW isapisnamE nakareG gnorodneM . 67

.2 sadnitreT gnay imubirP muaK adap nautnaB nakirebmeM ....... 58

.3 asahaB iagabes uyaleM asahaB nagnabmekreP lakaB lakiC

aisenodnI asgnaB ................................ ................................ ..... 78

.4 aohgnoiT nagnoloG nagned naaraduasreP asaR nilajneM ........ 88

PUTUNEP V BAB ................................ ................................ ........................... 19

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ....................... 59

NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 89


iiix

RABMAG RATFAD

rabmaG 1: ojreoS ihdA otriT ................................ ................................ .............. 28

rabmaG 2: hareahuS itiS uyA nedaR : ojreoS ihdA otriT amatrep irtsI ............... 34

rabmaG 3: ojreoS ihdA otriT makaM ................................ ................................ . 63

rabmaG 4: rabak taruS atireB adneoS ................................ ................................ 94

rabmaG 5: grubnedI laredneJ runrebuG nad zstueH nav .B.J laredneJ runrebuG 07

rabmaG 6: rabak taruS ijajirP nadeM gnay nauggnim idajnem hisam taas adap

d utbaS irah paites naktibreti ................................ .......................... 27

7 rabmaG rabak taruS : aidniH irteoP 9091 nuhat id I isidE ................................ 08

rabmaG :8 ik irad ,agraulek amasreb ammE irusubI ,ammE irusubI : nanak ek ir

tuP animlehliW utaR ,kirdneH naregnaP ,anailuJ ir ........................ 28

namalah rabmeleS :9 rabmaG aidniH irteoP y rabmag nakanuggnem halet gna .. 48


vix

NARIPMAL RATFAD

.1 subaliS ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 98

.2 eP anacneR ) PPR ( narajalebmeP naanaskal ................................ .................. 101


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A gnakaleB rataL

naka atik ,aisenodnI id srep nagnabmekrep harajes ianegnem aracibreB

y kosos iapmujnem uata onomokojD amanreb gna .ojreoS ihdA otriT lanekid hibel

nakharegunaid srep sitnirep iagabes raleG .lanoisan srep sitnirep hokot halada aiD

ap aynadapek naweD helo 3791 nuhat ad .IR sreP 1 rebmevoN 3 laggnat adaP

i ,6002 a aguj kpatetid lanoisan nawalhap iagabes na /58 on IR serppeK iulalem

.6002 /KT 2 iagabes ojreoS ihdA otriT nakpatenem aisenodnI hatniremeP

.aisenodnI srep ainud malad raseb gnay asaj ikilimem ai anerak lanoisan nawalhap

7091 nuhat adap ,aynsarek ajrek taweL kilim amatrep lanoisan rabak tarus halrihal

utiay aisenodnI ijajirP nadeM .

leG aynsarek ajrek anerak nakub otriT naktapadid gnay nawalhap ra

narupmetrep nadem malad asgnab alebmem adnaleB emsilainolok nawalem

aynnial nawalhap helo nakukalid gnay itrepes itrepes aregnaP orogenopiD n otriT .

lebmem gnaujreb gnay nawalhap kosos nakapurem gnay aynmuak uata asgnab a

et nakanuggnem nagned sadnitr srep natajnes iagabes .ay nakukalid aynnagnaujreP

iulalem nasilut - lut gnires nad majat gnay aynnasi tabajep arap tukat taubmem ilak

.satnap kat naukalekreb gnay lainolok

ag nupikseM aid ,sarek nasekret otriT helo naklisahid gnay nasilut ay

irebmem uti aynahasu aidniH id ajas kadit nad nawak kaynab iaynupmem lisahreb

1 otnamradeoS BJ, , kajeJ - aisenodnI asgnaB nautaseK takereP :nawalhaP kajeJ ,odnisarG ,atrakaJ ,lh ,7002 m 214. .

2 7834/f/moc.aisenodniaisenodni.www//:ptth - nawalhap - lanoisan - otrit - ihda - /ojreos : laggnat adap seskaiD( .)BIW 01.91 lukup ,1102 ieM 42


2

aynaman ipatet ,haub aguj tubesid - nav.H helo naagrahgnep hunep nagned tubes

loK , atoggna gnaroes remaK edeewT R silejaM( gnay )adnaleB hadne kadit

.idabirp araces otriT lanegnem 3 iagabes otriT paggnagnem adnaleB silanruj araP

netsduo tsilanruoj esdnalnI netsree ne nad autret gnay aisenodnI nawatraw uata

.amatrep 4

y gnaroes iagabeS tapad gnutnureb otriT ,iyayirp agraulek irad rihalret gna

.nakididnep maynegnem gnaro kaynab kadit uti taas adaP egnem tapad n may

idneP .nakasar ai gnay itrepes nakididnep naktapad ai gnay nakid ilimem narep ik

gnay nagnabmus nad nalisahrebek malad raseb irak srep gnadib id aynr nakhaB .

otriT halet ialum inukenem id halokesreb kajes silunem silut ainud AIVOTS

( ot loohcS trA ehcsdnalnI nav gnidielpO t s ne ) 4981 nuhat adap - akitek utiay 5981

41 aisureb ai akitek uata napaisrep salek malad hisam - nuhat 51 .5 aneraK

ek aynnaiawaip ,silunem silut ainud malad uti taas adap otriT nakmirignem nijar

assam aidem iagabreb ek aynnasilut .aivataB id

utas halnakub otriT - srep ainud malad nujret gnay imubirp gnaro aynutas

adap lawa ek daba - .02 muak ada halet ,uti asam adaP imubirp nujret aguj gnay

srep ainud malad :nial aratna , namijdaR ,odoseoH orideoS nidihaW ,iaviR ludbA

anamegnaP JDF ,targninidoideW ,eweobmalaS ajdarahaM ,ojoteO omeoseoK ,n

,ajdarahaM nateoS keotaD nad adeoM radnE ajD .6 hisam akerem ,ipatet nakA

3 ,N.I ojigabeoS aisenodnI nawatraW tagaJ .mlh ,1891 ,gnugA gnunuG TP ,atrakaJ , 053 . 4 ,S gninA atrebirolF hokoT sutareS takgniS ifargoiB : aisenodnI habugneM gnay hokoT 001

02 dabA id aisenodnI harajeS malad huragnepreB gnilaP ,5002 ,isaraN tibreneP ,atrakaygoY ,.mlh 342 .

5 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP alumeP gnaS .14 .mlh ,3002 ,aratnapiD aretneL ,atrakaJ , 6 ,aytidaR N arawsI ayraK - ojreoS ihdA otriT pakgneL ayrak .mlh,8002 ,eokeoB:I ,atrakaJ , 03 .


3

tarus iskader adap ajrekeb rabak - tarus ,odnI nakanarep ,aporE asgnaB kilim rabak

.)lld barA ,aohgnoiT( gnisA rumiT asgnab uata 7

,aisenodnI srep ainud malad otriT natabilreteK ilawaid nagned

tarus id sapel silunep gnaroes idajnem aynnalisahrebek rabak aidniH rabahC

adnalO aggnih id iskader nipmimep idajnem iwateB atirbmeP nakhab nad

tarus ikilimem i aynnalisahrebek ,ipatet nakA .iridnes rabak d sapelret kadit in ira

.sdnarbjiW leraK nagnibmib 8 otriT halini sdnarbjiW leraK nagnibmib hawab iD

id amaturet ,nagnalak iagabreb id lanekret pukuc gnay aman naktapadnem

.iyayirp muak nagnalak 9 rajaleb kaynab otriT alup ini sdnarbjiW leraK iulaleM

aynrirak nagnabmekrep igab fitisop pukuc gnay huragnep awabmem aggnihes

.silanruj gnaroes iagabes

imubirp hokot utas halas halada ojreoS ihdA otriT saM nedaR irad

nagnolog iyayirp ad sitnirem gnay ras - .aisenodnI naasgnabek rasad aynnarikimeP

takaraysam adap asgnabreb naradasek naktikgnabmem ayngnitnep apateb gnatnet

kacnumem nikames ini ayntagnames nad 91 ek daba rihka adap lucnum aisenodnI

.daba naitnagrep gnalejnem 01 taykar nagnitnepek alebmem malad aynnainarebeK

7 .dibI .mlh 9. 8 nipmimep halada aI.akumekret gnay adnaleB silanruj gnaroes halas halada sdnarbjiW leraK

iskader gaD ned naV sweiN id ikak nakkajnignem aynilak amatrep sdnarbjiW ,5981 nuhat adaP .ninoK kaynim naahasurep adap ajrekeb kutnu nadeM id ayntapet ,adnaleB aidniH .eilO ekjilk

rabak tarus nawatraw idajnem sdnarbjiW ,9981 nuhat adaP tsoP artamuS eD .nadeM natibret , aynaman naktijelem nad taselem sdnarbjiW kitsilanruj reiraK silunep gnaroes halas iagabes

nay aynisatserp takreb ,1091 ieM .uti nuruk adap takabreb gnilap m g sdnarbjiW ,nakmugagneturkerid eidnI hcsdnalredeN oov gaD ned swueiN aivataB id tibret naka urab gnay . rotnaK iskader gaD ned swueiN iskader nagned pataes iwateB atirbmeP ojreoS ihdA otriT anam id

haubes malad 9291 ieM 62 adap sawet sdnarbjiW .ajrekeb awaJ ,gnabuS id libom naakalecek.taraB iskader nipmimep sugilakes rutkerid iagabes sdnarbjiW isisoP gaD ned nav swueiN

ales ini nairah nipmimem tapmes aynah gnay reffyelsxkcyuL C aynoyN helo nakitnagid agit amid ini nagnareteK( .nalub rawsI ukub irad pituk ,aytidaR N a ayraK - ihdA otriT pakgneL ayraK

ojreoS .mlh ,eokeob:I,atrakaJ , .41 ) 9 ,N.I ojigabeoS tic.po .mlh , 943 .

01 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .mlh, 8.


4

isis hutneynem halet - apulret uti taas gnay isis adnaleB aidniH taykar helo nak

utiay asgnab iagabes ihdA otriT dirum( omorkidotraK ocraM helO .hajajret gnay

nauggniM id ,)ojreoS orowsiH iwajD ayntubesid otriT kosos ,8191 rebmeseD 31 ,

nugnab aretupimuB gnacnoggnep“ : iagabes irad .aynrudit ” 11

odnI takaraysam adap asgnabreb naradasek nakutnebmeP nakukalid aisen

kutnu aynrabak tarus nakanuggnem otriT anamid ,srep aidem iulalem

nakurubek pakgnugnem - nad tabajep arap nakukalid gnay nakurubek

hasek hulek alages nakpakgnugnem kutnu sadnitret gnay taykar nakhalisrepmem

dajnem otriT ,ini lah malaD .akerem tala iagabes aynrabak tarus naki agaporp adn

.mumu tapadnep kutnebmep nad

otriT aguj .nredom kitsilanruj rasad katelep nakapurem 21 halet aiD

tarus isi halognem malad naurahabmep nakukalem ,nagnarak nataumeP .rabak

atraw nial nad nalki ,nauhatirebmep ,namumugnep ,atireb - araces nususid ,nial

tarus naklipmanem tapad aggnihes ,urab .uti asam adap kiranem gnay rabak

aynnaiawaipek takreB rabak tarus nakanuggnem malad a iagabes tal

taykar alebmem nagnaujrep T , gnay gnaro gnologret otri igab ayahabreb

aynhakgnal kajeJ .uti taas adap adnaleB aidniH hatniremep isawaid ulales helo

sam imalagnem hanrep aguj otriT nakhaB .adnaleB aidniH hatniremep a

nad aman ,uti aynah kadiT .silunem malad aynnainarebek irad tabika nagnaubmep

asaj - .lainolok hatniremep helo naklicekid tapmes aguj aynasaj

11 ,nezhaR kifuaT kkd , aisenodnI sreP kajeJ sutareS : asahaB riA hanaT :I ,atrakaJ , eokeob ,7002 ,

2.mlh . 21 ,orowsisorkojT ojraduS rabaktaruS nagnaujreP salikeS taruS naahasureP takireS ,atrakaJ ,

341.mlh ,8591 ,rabaK .


5

eS otriT ,aynkapmad iagab ripmah gnay nawalhap kosos idajnem

lanegnem gnaro kaynab kadiT .harajes malad nakapulret .ini utas gnay kosos

gnaro ,ipatet nakA - otpijT itrepes gnusgnal lanegnem gnay gnaro

lanegnem kadit gnay gnaro nad omorkidotraK ocraM ,omeoseokneognaM

asaj iukagnem ,attaH dammahoM itrepes gnusgnal - nakuB .ini nawalhap irad asaj

asarid gnay kapmad uti aynah nakasarid gnay aynnial kapmaD .otriT helo nak

aynnaitamek irah taas adap ada halada otriT , napaggnat tikides aynah anamid

ek nakratnaid naka aynhasanej akitek nakhaB .aynnaitamek sata gnaro

gniri haubes helo igniriid aynah ai ,rihkaret nataharitsirep - gniri tagnas gnay na

asaj gnanegnem kutnu natubmas otadip ada kadiT .anahredes - naidumeK .aynasaj

.nakparahid kadit gnay nabeb irad sapelret itrepes aynnaklaggninem gnaro

ipatet naka ,nup tikides naagrahgnep apnat laggninem halet gnamem otriT

kilbupeR hatniremep adap aynirid naktapmenem ialum halet aynkapmat aisenodnI

raleg naktapadnem lisahreb otriT aynrihka adap anamid ,aynsurahes gnay isisop

igab lanoisan nawalhap iagabes raleg aguj nad lanoisan srep sitnirep iagabes

.aisenodnI asgnab

enem halet otriT nupualaW itrareb nakub ,aynsurahes gnay isisop itapm

.aynmumu adap aisenodnI takaraysam nagnalak hurules helo lanekid halet otriT

tubesid aynah aynamaN - tapadret ,ini lah malaD .ajas utnetret nagnalak helo tubes

aroes gnay amanret nawartsas gn mem ayapu malad asajreb kosos naklanekrep

ap otriT ini nawartsaS .iamar kayalahk ad .reoT atnanA aydeomarP halada

ihdA otriT kosos nakatirecnem gnay ukub haubes silunem halet ini nawartsaS

halet reoT atnanA aydeomarP ,ini aynsilutid gnay ukub iulaleM .ojreoS


6

triT awhab nakkujnunem .aisenodnI asgnab igab raseb gnay asaj ikilimem o

harajes malad rubukret hanrep gnay otriT aman ,halalup aydeomarP iulaleM

.aisenodnI takaraysam helo lanekid asib aynrihka

naidumek nad otriT kosos adap naitahrep huranem aydeomarP mulebeS

malad aynsilunem huranem uluhad hibelret gnay hokot gnaroes ada ,ukub haubes

treboR .leiN naV treboR amanreb tubesret hokoT .ini nawalhap adap naitahrep

.0691 nuhat adap aynayrak malad otriT gnatnet gnuggniynem halet ,uti haleteS

otriT aman ukub malad lucnum gnires - y ukub .srep harajes gnatnet sahabmem gna

utas halas halada enebaton gnay silunep iagabes ayas ,ini lah malaD

otriT gnatnet silunem kutnu kiratret asarem harajes nakididnep nasuruj awsisaham

ilak takgnaid gnay luduj nupadA .ojreoS ihdA eoS ihdA otriT “ halada ini ojr

d 2091 lanoisaN sreP nakaregreP mala - 8191 nugnaB aretupimuB gnacnoggneP :

aynrudiT irad bel iuhategnem kutnu duskamreb ini nasiluT .” gnatnet igal malad hi

kosos igal gnaro kaynab helo lanekid hibel ai raga aguj nad ojreoS ihdA otriT

lad aynsusuhk gnarakes iapmas anerak harajes nakididnep awsisaham pukgnil ma

.gnaro aumes helo lanekid muleb ini hokot

.B halasaM nasumuR

,sata id halasam gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB naklipmanem ini ispirks

aparebeb asahabmep kokop idajnem naka aynitnan gnay nahalasamrep bab adap n

: tukireb iagabes halada takgnaid gnay nahalasamrep nupadA .ayntukireb

.1 ? srep ainud malad nujret ojreoS ihdA otriT gnakaleb ratal idajnem gnay apA

.2 ? srep alolegnem otriT arac anamiagaB

.3 ainud malad otriT natabilretek irad isubirtnok apA ? srep


7

m nagned bawajid naka ,amatrep nahalasamrep kokoP ifargoib naksalejne

,otriT laisos gnakaleb ratal - gnakaleb ratal nad ,ayadub laisos - nujret otriT kitilop

.srep ainud malad

,audek nahalasamrep kokoP nakrabmaggnem nagned bawajid naka gnatnet

nI id srep T mulebes aisenod et otri arac ,srep ainud malad nujr srep alolegnem otriT

lasareb( isi anamiagab ,aynrabak tarus kutnu ladom naktapadnem otriT anam irad

mret gnay atireb ,otriT rabak tarus malad tau tarus nakisgnufgnem otriT anamiagab

tubesret rabak naggnalep iracnem otriT arac anamiagab nad , nad ,) natabmah -

.srep alolegnem amales otriT ipadahid gnay natabmah

gnatnet naksalejnem nagned bawajid naka ,agitek halasamrep kokoP

isubirtnok inkay ,srep ainud malad otriT natabilretek isubirtnok malad ep ainud sr

.laisos nad ,imonoke gnadib ,aisenodnI id

.C nasiluneP taafnaM nad naujuT

.1 nasiluneP naujuT

: halada ini ispirks nasilunep irad naujut nupadA

.a ainud malad nujret otriT gnakaleb ratal sisilanagnem nad nakispirksedneM

.srep

.b .srep alolegnem otriT arac sisilanagnem nad nakispirksedneM

.c malad otriT natabilretek irad isubirtnok sisilanagnem nad nakispirksedneM

aisenodnI srep ainud .


8

.2 nasiluneP taafnaM

.a amrahD atanaS satisrevinU igaB

dirT nakanaskalem kutnu nialeS aynsusuhk iggniT naurugreP amrah

tapad nakparahid aguj ini ispirks ,laisoS nauhategneP umlI nasilunep gnadib

.akatsup hanasahk ayakrepmem nad ipakgnelem

.b harajeS nakididneP idorP igaB

nad hanasahk ayakrepmem tapad nakparahid ini ispirks nasiluneP

abmanem malad otriT nanarep gnatnet harajes nauhategnep umli naarahadnebrep h

tapad nakparahid aguj ini ispirks ,uti nialeS .lanoisan srep nakaregrep

amid amatu nahab iagabes naktaafn harajes narajagnep malad malad aynsusuhk

narajagnep d lanoisan nakaregrep harajes aisenodnI i .

.c silunep igaB

malad ojreoS ihdA otriT nanarep ianegnem nauhategnep habmanem kutnU

,sitirk ayad ,nasawaw saulrepmem tapad nakparahid nad lanoisan srep nakaregrep

. silunep igab harajes naradasek nad

.d acabmeP igaB

irajalepmem kutnu acabmep tanim kiranem upmam nakparahid ini ispirkS

gnay srep nakaregrep harajes ianegnem aynsusuhk aisenodnI harajes gnatnet

.otriT helo nakukalid

.e gnarakeS sreP igaB

upmam nakparahid ini ispirkS ihdA otriT kosos ilabmek nakpudihgnem

oS ialin nakmananem upmam nakparahid nad aisenodnI srep ainud malad ojre -

inadaletid tapad gnay otriT irad fitisop ialin helo .ini taas srep hokot arap


9

.D akatsuP nauajniT

ukub apureb silutret rebmus nakanuggnem silunep ,ini naitilenep adaP -

natiakreb gnay ukub ,uti kutnU .naksumurid gnay nahalasamrep kokop nagned

rebmus iracnem kutnu akatsup iduts nakukalem silunep - naka gnay rebmus

anugid padA .nak rebmus nu - ukub rebmus iagabes halada nakanug silunep gnay

: tukireb

aisenodnI id sreP harajeS nagnabmekreP igeS aparebeB . 31 ini ukuB

namaz kajes aisenodnI id srep nagnabmekrep harajes ianegnem naksalejnem

s adnaleB nahajajnep nasalejnep taumem nial aratna ,5491 nuhat nagned iapma

uyaleM srep ,aisenodnI id adnaleB srep ianegnem - .aisenodnI sreP nad ,aohgnoiT

aidniH nad adnaleB hatniremep nakajibek ianegnem taumem aguj ini ukuB

.aisenodnI id oidar nad srep ianegnem adnaleB b malaD gnadnapid otriT ,ini uku

iagabes polep o gnay rabak tarus naktibrenem upmam gnay lanoisan srep r

.aynasam adap narageynep nakirebmem

ayraK - ojreoS ihdA otriT pakgneL ayrak . 41 gnatnet taumem ini ukuB

nasilut - hanrep gnay rabak tarus irad gnusgnal pitukid gnay otriT nasilut

aguj ini ukub ,uti nialeS .srep ainud malad nujret amales otriT helo naktibretid

srep ainud malad otriT nanalajrep takgnis ispirksed gnatnet nakiarugnem aguj nad

isasinagro kareggnep iagabes otriT ijajirP takeraS . otriT kosos ,ini ukub malaD

.asgnabreb naradasek sitnirep nad nakaregrep hokot iagabes gnadnapid

31 nagnarak ukuB ojdrahimojruS namhcarrudbA id 2002 nuhat adap sapmoK helo naktibretid gnay

.atrakaJ 41 nagnarak ukuB aytidaR N arawsI kaJ id 8002 nuhat adap eokeoB:I helo naktibretid gnay .atra


01

alumeP gnaS . 51 pudih nanalajrep hasik gnatnet nakiarugnem ini ukuB

taumem aguj ini ukub ,uti nialeS .srep ainud malad aynnatabilretek atres otriT

nrep gnay iskif ayrak nad kitsilanruj ayrak aparebeb .otriT silutid ha ukub malaD

bes naklipmatid otriT kosos ,ini .lah kaynab malad sitnirep gnaroes iaga

naasgnabeK sreP dabaeS . 61 ukub adaP ini rabak tarus awhab nakiaruid

ijajirP nadeM purem aka alumep idajnem nad naasgnabek srep rasad katelep n

.kitilopreb surah srep anamiagab nad nasalejnep nakirebmem aguj ini ukuB

rabak tarus gnatnet nagnaretek - uam alolekid hanrep gnay rabak tarus gnay nup

bretid itrepes ,otriT helo nakti atireB adneoS , ijajirP nadeM , nalidaeK heoleoS nad

aidniH irteoP .

rabaktaruS nagnaujreP salikeS . 71 naklipmatid otriT kosos ini ukub malaD

.inarebmep gnaroes iagabes otriT awhab silunem aguj ini ukub ,uti nialeS

,nakatecrep utiay natiakreb gnilas gnay gnadib agit malad sitnirep nakapurem

.nanawatrawek nad ,narabaktarusrep

kajeJ sutareS :asahaB riA hanaT aisenodnI sreP . 81 naksalejnem ini ukuB

irad tabika susak aparebeb malad ojreoS ihdA otriT natabilretek gnatnet

eb nakkujnunem ini ukuB .silunem malad aynnainarebek aynmajat nad sarek apat

.otriT helo naklisahid gnay nasilut

51 nagnarak ukuB reoT atnanA aydeomarP nuhat adap aratnapiD aretneL helo naktibretid gnay

.atrakaJ id 3002 61 .atrakaJ id 7002 nuhat adap eokeoB:I helo naktibretid gnay kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT nagnarak ukuB 71 nagnarak ukuB orowsisorkojT ojraduS rabaK taruS naahasureP takireS helo naktibretid gnay

.atrakaJ id 8591 nuhat adap 81 nagnarak ukuB kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT .atrakaJ id 7002 nuhat adap eokeoB:I helo naktibretid gnay


11

.E iroeT nasadnaL

sahabmep adap kusam mulebeS d ojreoS ihdA otriT“ ianegnem na mala

”lanoisaN sreP nakaregreP nagned tiakret gnay pesnok aparebeb naksalejid naka,

ianegnem utiay inis id naksalejid naka gnay pesnok nupadA .takgnaid gnay luduj

nakaregrep ,emsilanoisan lanoisan ,srep , .lanoisan srep nad

.1 emsilanoisaN

hap utaus halada emsilanoisan ,nhoK snaH turuneM tapadnepreb gnay ,ma

.naasgnabek aragen adapek nakharesid surah udividni iggnitret naaitesek awhab 91

tagnames halada emsilanoisan akam ,nakanahredesid aliB hanat nad asgnab atnic

wreP .ria adebreb ini emsilanoisan pakis irad naduju - natutnut nagned iauses adeb

kutnu ,isulover asam adap ,aynlasiM .aynnamaz ,asgnab aragen nakkagenem

husum risugnem atajnes takgnagnem nagned nakdujuwid naka ini emsilanoisan

iagabes asam ,naakedremek asam adap ,ipatet nakA .nawalerakus uata aratnet

id gnaujreb nagned nakdujuwid kadit emsilanoisan ,asgnab aragen nanugnabmep

gnisam ipatet ,retilim narupmetrep nadem - laudividni araces aragen agraw gnisam

ek isignem gnaujreb fitkelok uata naujut raga ayniseforp nagned iauses naakedrem

.dujuwret tapad amasreb itakapesid halet gnay asgnab aragen 02 N naka emsilanoisa

kutnu naveler patet tubesret emsilanoisan malad id naklasa namaz alages

:tukireb iagabes rusnu aparebeb gnudnakret 12

.a asrep nad nautasek nimajnem pateT asgnab naut

.b kopmolek nupuata udividni nasabebek nimajneM

91 nhoK snaH , , ,aynharajeS nad itrA emsilanoisaN .11.mlh ,4891 ,aggnalrE ,atrakaJ 02 olisusidA ojratuS ,kkd, arageN iagabreB id emsilanoisaN ,atrakaygoY , atanaS satisrevinU

6991 ,amrahD .1.mlh , 12 ratuS ,olisusidA oj nlatiV nalE alisacnaP - aisenodnI emsilanoisaN ayn VIXXX ires ,sisaB ,

.534 .mlh ,5891 ,atrakaygoY ,11.oN


21

.c udividni paites igab naamasek aynada nimajneM

.d satilaudividni ayndujuwret nimajneM

.e asgnab naped asam igab naluggnuek ,isatserp aynada nimajneM

oisan ayngnabmekreb nad hubmuT ihuragnepid aynrasad adap emsilan

eb helo k ,uti babes helO .rotkaf iagabr aratna emsilanoisan tagnames nalucnume

aratna nupuata aynnial asgnab nagned utas gnay asgnab nagned utas gnay namaz

adebreb gnay rotkaf helo nakbabesid asib aynnial namaz - lasiM .adeb rotkaf ayn

anerak halada nial aratna naakedremek arp aisenodnI id emsilanoisan aynrihal

aisenodnI taykar aynemsilanoisan tagnames nagned anamid lainolok nahajajnep

rotkaf akedrem haletes nakgnadeS .nahajajnep irad irid naksabebmem ahasureb

sib emsilanoisan ajas a gnanewes nakadnit aynada anerak lucnum - gnanew

kaditek ,ispurok ,hatniremep .ayniagabes nad nalida 22

.2 nakaregreP lanoisaN

aud gnudnagnem nakaregrep halitsi aisenodnI asahab raseb sumak malaD

uata lahirep utiay naitregnep karegreb naadaek nagnaujrep kutnu( natikgnabek nad

.)nakiabrep uata 32 nagnaujrep naitregnep gnudnagnem aguj nakaregrep halitsI

.rutaret gnay isasinagro nakanuggnem nagned naakedremek iapacnem kutnu 42

nakaregreP lanoisan nakapurem aisenodnI id kutnebret nad rihal gnay

narihaleK .lainolok nasadninep padahret aisenodnI asgnab iskaer kutneb utaus

22 olisusidA ojratuS ,kkd, tic .po .1.mlh , 32 ,asahaB tasuP sumaK nusuyneP miT aisenodnI asahaB raseB sumaK ,akatsuP ialaB ,atrakaJ ,

,7002 .653 .mlh 42 lisnaK T.S.C, ,otnailuJ nad aisenodnI naasgnabeK nakaregreP nagnaujreP harajeS ,atrakaJ ,

.51.mlh ,7891 ,aggnalrE


31

nakaregrep irad lanoisan naidajek aparebeb aynada nagned tapecrepid aguj ini

: tukireb iagabes 52

.a reT .nakididnep nad narajagnep gnadib malad aisenodnI taykar bisan aynkurup

.b .taykar itah iakulem tagnas gnay lainolok hatniremep naukalreP

.c id adnaleB takaraysam irad hukgna pakis atres adnaleB srep nucareb arauS

.aisenodnI

.d gnaro nakareg aynadA - igab naurugrep aynnakiridid nagned aniC gnaro

.)1091 nuhat( nawK eewH aohgnoiT inkay iridnes akerem takaraysam

tafis ikilimem aynrasad adap aisenodnI id ada gnay lanoisan nakaregreP -

: tukireb iagabes tafis 62

.a .)aisenodnI hurules itupilem( lanoisan tafisreb nanawalreP

.b apureb nredom gnay kitkat nad atajnes nagned fitisop gnay nanawalreP

edi ,hadil talis uata isamolpid - kutnu nakanugid taraB irad helorepid gnay edi

.adnaleB nahajajnep nawalem

.c nanawalreP naraggna nagned ,lanoisar nad rutaret hibel araces risinagroid

nagnalihek atres amal nahatreb tapad nakareg naknikgnumem gnay rasad

.nakaregrep naitamek amatu babes idajnem kadit nipmimep gnaroes

.d nakgnabmunem tapad nakaregrep haduses asgnab naped asaM nanusus

anamiagab : itupilem gnay urab takaraysam nakiridnem nad amal takaraysam

anamiagab ,rutaid surah imonoke anamiagab ,nususid surah nahatniremep

nial nad nakaraggnelesid surah nakididnep - .nial

52 dibI 71.mlh , - .81 62 otnayrahiW K.A, , dnI harajeS lanoisaN nakaregreP : I uraB aiseno satisrevinU ,atrakaygoY ,

.51.mlh ,7002 ,amrahD atanaS


41

.3 sreP

,sreP sserp uata , esserp asahab natubes halada kutneb alages kutnu gnisa

halada nakduskamid gnay ilakgnires nupiksem ,halajam uata nairah rabak tarus

nairah - .ajas nairah 72 kapurem aynrasad adap iridnes srep ataK natubes utaus na

tarus naklisahgnem aneraK .rabak tarus naklisahgnem gnay katec nisem kutnu

.rabak tarus naktubeynem kutnu nakanugid gnires srep atak akam ,rabak

.tipmes nad saul naitregnep utiay naitregnep aud ikilimem aguj sreP 82

itrepes ,assam isakinumok aidem aumes pukacnem srep ,saul naitregnep malaD

ni nakrabeynem / nakracnamem isgnufreb gnay mlif nad ,isivelet ,oidar ,isamrof

adapek gnaro kopmolekes uata gnaroeses naasarep uata ,narikip ,nasagag ,atireb

kudorp nakgnologid aynah srep ,tipmes naitregnep malaD .nial gnaro - kudorp

halajam ,nairah rabak tarus itrepes ,nakatecrep sesorp itawelem gnay natibrenep

ajam ,nauggnim aidem iagabes lanekid gnay ayniagabes nad ,nanalub hagnet hal

.katec

isakinumok muidem iagabes : utiay ,nakududek isis aud iaynupmem sreP

gnay laisos isutitsni uata takaraysam agabmel iagabes nad ainud id autret gnay

gnay nanarep ikilimem aguj sreP .takaraysam irad largetni naigab nakapurem

dA .takaraysam malad raseb pukuc nakpakgnuid hanrep gnay srep nanarep nupa

amanreb hokot gnaroes helo nehoC .C dranreB arawhsI iwuL helo pitukid gnay

malad gnirehtagsweN decnavdA nagnarak erytnIcM .T ecyrB iagabes halada

: tukireb 92

72 ,gnanamuS kitsilanruj nad srep gnatnet laos aparebeB .7.mlh ,2591 ,akatsuP ialaB ,atrakaJ , 82 idamhcaR F , , arageN iagabreB id sreP metsiS fitpirkseD sisilanA : sreP metsiS nagnidnabreP ,

.9.mlh ,0991 ,aidemarG ,atrakaJ 92 ,arawhsI iwuL natataC - rasaD emsilanruJ natatac ,atrakaJ , 7.mlh ,5002 ,sapmoK - .8


51

.a ( ropalep iagabes sreP remrofni )

gnay kilbup agnilet nad atam iagabes kadnitreb srep ,ini lah malaD

awitsirep nakropalem - nagned takaraysam nauhategnep raul id gnay awitsirep

.akgnasarp apnat nad larten pakis

.b pretni iagabes sreP reter

sagutreb srep ,reterpretni iagabes aynnanarep naknalajnem malaD

utaus nakropalem nialeS .awitsirep utaus adap itra uata narisfanep nakirebmem

aynlasim ,aynitra naksalejnem ahasu malad nahab habmanem srep ,awitsirep

ireb ratnemok uata atireb sisilana .at

.c ( kilbup irad likaw iagabes sreP cilbup eht fo evitatneserper .)

atireb uata naropal paggnagnem gnay ,sukitilop igab raneb ini laH

utaus aynlisahreb igab kiabret retemorab halada takaraysam iskaer ianegnem

.naanaskajibek

.d hatniremep padahret kitirkgnep iagabes sreP

.hatniremep padahret kitirkgnep iagabes aynnarep nakukalem aguj sreP

irad nakadnit ada akij utiay ,salej pukuc hadus aynutnet ini aynnanareP

.srep iulalem kitirkid naka akam raneb kadit gnay hatniremep

.e es sreP isakovda nad naanasajibek taubmep iagab

,uti nialeS .lekitra nad lairotide nasilunep adap kapmat amaturet ini nareP

aynnawatraw arap helo silutid kutnu hilipid gnay atireb sinej irad nimrecret aguj

.aynnakijaynem arac nad


61

pukuc gnay nanarep ikilimem nialeS aguj srep takaraysam malad raseb

: tukireb iagabes utiay isgnuf ikilimem 03

.a )naatirebmep( isamrofni narabeyneP

isamrofni nakijaynem halada rabak tarus uata srep irad amatu isgnuF

ay nupapa nupuata awitsirep utaus gnatnet naka acabmep arap aggnihes ,idajret gn

.uti taas adap idajret gnades gnay isautis uata isidnok iuhategnem

.b kididnem isgnuF

aragen adaP - nakapurem lah kaynab malad rabak tarus ,gnabmekreb aragen

irahes narajalep ukub - ah ir ,aisenodnI aragen igab ,aynlasiM .harum gnilap gnay

ayapu malad gnitnep tagnas kididnem isgnuf iagabes rabak tarus isgnuf

nakiapmasid gnay nautnab tikides kadit anerak asgnab napudihek naksadrecnem

.takaraysam nakididnep gnajnunem malad

.c nubuhgnem isgnuF nakg

utaus nakaraggneleynem rabak tarus awhab iuhatekid halet anamiagabeS

nagned utas gnay aragen agraw aratna laisos nagnubuh .aynnial aragen agraw

hokot aratna rabak tarus helo nakukalid irah ek irah irad hainahor nagnubuH -

gnaro nagned nakatirebid gnay hokot - atireb acabmep idajnem gnay gnaro

.uti hokot ianegnem

.d mumu tapadnep kutnebmep nad rulaynep iagabes isgnuF

t rabak taruS aguj ipatet isamrofni uata atireb nakijaynem aynah kadi

narikip taumem - .gnaro tapadnep uata nagnadnap ,narikip

03 idamhcaR F , , tic.po 02 .mlh . - 12


71

.e laisos lortnok isgnuF

,gnitnep tagnas gnay srep isgnuf utas halas nakapurem laisos lortnoK

niremep metsis nakparenem gnay aragen id amaturet .sitarkomed gnay nahat

aynisgnuf adap katelret laisos lortnok tala iagabes assam aidem amatu nataukeK

srep helo laisos lortnok isgnuf naanaskaleP .nagnukgnil sawagnep iagabes

.ayntarapa nad hatniremep adapek nakujutid raseb naigabes

j atik srep ainud malaD kitsilanruj halitsI .kitsilanruj halitsi lanegnem agu

nad tidegnem ,nakpaiynem kutnu nataigek iagabes nakitraid sumak malad id

aynnial alakreb uata halajam ,rabak tarus kutnu silunem . 13 al atak nagneD ,ni

nad ines halada kitsilanruj lupmugnem ,iracnem nalipmaretek ,halognem ,nak

irahes idajret gnay awitsirep gnatnet atireb nakijaynem nad ,nusuynem - araces irah

.aynkayalahk inarun itah nahutubek alages ihunemem akgnar malad ,hadni 23

surah gnay pisnirp aparebeb lanekid aguj kitsilanruj gnadib malaD

pisnirp nupadA .naknigniid gnay naujut ayniapacret anug nakparetid - irad pisnirp

: tukireb iagabes nial aratna kitsilanruj 33

.a natapeceK

areges tapad isamrofni halada inis id nakduskamid gnay natapecek pisnirP

natapeceK .assam aidem iulalem naksaulrabesid tapec nad nawatraw helo amiretid

pilem kutnu nawatraw tagnas atireb helorepmem kutnu uata awitsirep utaus tu

.iridnes uti nawatraw naupmamek helo ihuragnepid ikilimid gnay naupmameK

13 ffagessA H raf’ajD , , aweK ketkarP eK ratnagneP : iniK asaM kitsilanruJ nanawatr ,atrakaJ ,

.9.mlh ,2891,aisenodnI ailahG 23 ,gnadnahuS idatsuK kitE edoK & ,kudorP ,isasinagrO ratupeS : kitsilanruJ ratnagneP ,

aB .32.mlh ,4002 ,aikidneC asnauN nasayaY ,gnudn 33 idamraD gnabmaB Z , , ,kkd kitsilanrujreB rihaM 71.mlh ,6002 ,skooB aramA ,atrakaygoY , - .91


81

ikilimid gnay namalagnep atres nauhategnep iulalem helorepid nawatraw helo

.uti nawatraw helo

.b natapeteK

aidem utaus natapeteK kutnu gnaro kiranem naka atireb nakijaynem malad

ihuragnepid tapad atireb nakijaynem malad natapeteK .tubesret aidem acabmem

nad ,sinsib nemejanam ,lanoiskader nemejanam aratna kiab gnay amasajrek helo

.nakatecrep nemejanam

.c isnetepmoK

naknalajnem malad gnaro naupmamek iagabes nakitraid isnetepmoK

gnisam naupmamek ,ini lah malaD .aynsagut - ratal helo ihuragnepid gnaro gnisam

aguj ,uti nialeS .namalagnep aguj nad ikilimid gnay nakididnep gnakaleb

nilpisid gnakaleb ratal iagabreb nakulrepid ,mukuh ,kitilop ,imonoke ,laisos umli

nial nad - tagnas gnay nahalasamrep asilanagnem malad utnabmem naka gnay nial

.takaraysam id ada gnay skelpmok

.d nanakeneP

nakijasid nigni gnay kokop halasam iagabes nakitraid inis id nanakeneP

m aidem malad saluid nad gnisaM .assa - mem tapad aidem gnisam nakireb

nanakenep nakiapmasid gnay isamrofni nanakeneP .aynsusuhk iric nagned iauses

.natukgnasreb gnay aidem sahk iric iracnem gnaro taubmem naka

.e satilayoL

taus ayngnabmek hubmut ihuragnepmem tagnas satilayoL .ahasu nadab u

atireb tupilem gnay nawatraw irad ialum aynlasim natibrenep malad satilayoL

gnaro nagned iapmas - .aynsrep kudorp nakrabeynem gnay isalukris gnaro


91

irad rotkaf ihuragnepid asib ini aynsagut naknalajnem malad gnaroeses satilayoL

uti gnaro malad nakukalrebid gnay nemejanam apureb raul irad nupuam iridnes

gnaroeses gnorodnem naka kiab gnay nemejanaM .tubesret naahasurep malad

sagut padahret layol suret kutnu - .aynnabmeid gnay sagut

.f nakayaleK

er amiretid gnay isamrofni tukgnaynem inis id nakayaleK kayaL .iskad

naigab adap naialinep irad gnutnagret taumid naka gnay atireb utaus aynkadit

kayalahk helo itamkinid gnay aidem nakapurem assam aidem gnubuhreB .iskader

nakrasadreb taumid gnay isamrofni uata atireb utaus nakayalek akam ,mumu

gnay mumu radnats nagnitnepek aynah nakub nad kaynab gnaro tukgnaynem

iges irad gnadnapid aguj asib taumid kutnu atireb utaus nakayaleK .utnetret gnaro

kadit ,utnetret kopmolek uata gnaro idabirp iakulem kadit itrepes larom

.ayniagabes nad ,nutnas aynasahab ,tusahgnem

.g satiroirP

.kitsilanruj malad gnitnep gnay pisnirp utas halas nakapurem satiroirP

surah srep natibrenep naahasurep anamid halada nakduskamid gnay satiroirP

naahasurep amatu naujut iagabes assam aidem katecnem nakuluhadnem hibel

akanerakid ini laH .tubesret gnay srep tibrenep naahasurep nakumetid ayngnires n

.nial ahasu kutnu aynnakanuggnem gnadakret iridnes katec tala iaynupmem

utkaw naamasek idajret gnires utnetret utkaw adap naktabikagnem ini naadaeK

bes nad nial lah katecnem nad assam aidem katecnem kutnu amatu satiroirp iaga

katecnem kutnu nakuluhadnem surah tubesret srep natibrenep naahasurep akam

.assam aidem


02

.4 lanoisaN sreP 43

tirednep irad rihal aisenodnI uata lanoisan sreP padahret nanaket nad naa

taykar ek daba lawa adaP .rabokreb gnay naharamek nad - lanoisan srep ,02

ahasu padahret aynhuragnep raseb gnay gnitnep rotkaf utas halas idajnem

ahasu irad ialum idaJ .aisenodnI asgnab lanoisan naradasek naktikgnabmem

sek nakmananem gnay asgnab idajnem naidumek iapmas ,asgnabreb narada

atic nad isaripsa irad nanimrecrep nakapurem ini lanoisan sreP` .akedrem - atic

saules gnay itra malad asgnab - .aynsaul

nabmegnep iagabes lanoisan srep nagnaujrep isidart ,akedrem haleteS

atic nad isaripsa - gnadnU malad nakgnautid aynrihka asgnab atic - kokoP gnadnu

nanimrecnep nakapurem lanoisan sreP“ awhab iynubreb nial aratna gnay sreP

nakrasadreb asgnab napudihek nad napudihgnep adapirad fitaerk nad fitka gnay

autnetek aynnakmutnaciD ”.alisacnaP isarkomeD gnadnU malad id tubesret n -

nagnaujrep isidart nairatselek igab mukuh nanimaj nakapurem sreP kokoP gnadnu

.asgnab nanugnabmep nagnitnepek igab aisenodnI srep

eb nakub lanoisan sreP i id naktibretid gnay srep itrar sreP .ajas atok ub

haread id naktibretid gnay - ,ini lah malaD .lanoisan srep kusamret nup haread

utauses sutats nakutnenem kadit ,naktibretid uti srep anam id ilisimod uata tapmet

igab tubesret ”lanoisan“ takiderP .lanoisan nakub uata lanoisan uti srep natibrenep

sirotsih itra ikilimem srep natibrenep tiakret gnay liidi ankam sugilakes nad

nagned tnemtimmoc atic ,isaripsa adap nakiratretek uata - nagnaujrep nad atic

.asgnab

43 idamtA T , , aisenodnI sreP metsiS 5.mlh ,5891 ,gnugA gnunuG .TP ,atrakaJ , - .6


12

nagnapmitek imalagnem aynrasad adap lanoisan srep natibreneP , anamid

ada ggnit fitaler halpo ,tasep nagned ujam gnay srep natibrenep ,saul isalukris ,i

kutnu aynigab natapmesek nakirebmem aggnihes ,kaynab nalki nakusamep

iagabreb imalagnem gnay nial natibrenep ada ,ipatet nakA .ujam hibel idajnem

uata nakgnabmegnem malad akerem tilusrepmem aggnihes natilusek macam

naknahatrepmem nakhab ynnaisnetsiskeek a tubesret nagnapmitek aynadA .

.hamel gnay srep nad tauk srep halitsi naklubminem

sitiroeT akgnareK nagaB

.F naitileneP igolodoteM

.1 naitileneP edoteM

nasilunep malaD naitilenep edotem nakanuggnem silunep ,ini ispirks

: tukireb iagabes utiay harajes

.a kipoT nahilimeP

malad ojreoS ihdA otriT “ luduj takgnagnem silunep ,ini ispirks malaD

2091 lanoisaN sreP nakaregreP - 8191 irad nugnaB aretupimuB gnacnoggneP :

aynrudiT t takgnagnem silunep nasalA .” ini kipot anerak ini kipo kaynab muleb

guj silunep ,uti nialeS .gnaro silutid helo lanekid tapad otriT kosos parahreb a

adap nakiratreteKkitsilanruj ainud

p ayndujuwreT srelanoisan sisabreb sreP

naicnebeK ayadub adap

uata naasaibek

iyayirp atsak

aynlucnuM tagnamesemsilanoisan


22

itrepes otriT kosos lanegnem gnaro aumes kadit ini amales anerak iamar kayalahk

.aynnial nawalhap lanegnem gnaro

.b )kitsirueH( rebmuS nalupmugneP

nakukalid surah gnay ayntujnales hakgnal ,kipot nakutnenem haleteS

utiay ,aud idajnem nakadebid rebmus ini lah malaD .rebmus nalupmugnep halada

.rednukes rebmus nad remirp rebmus irad naiskasek halada remirp rebmuS

uata nial gnay aredni acnap nagned uata iridnes alapek atam nagned iskas gnaroes

itrepes kinakem tala nagned nial nad nopelet - utaus iuhategnem kutnu nial

.)atam iskas( awitsirep nakgnadeS s s rebmu e rednuk apais irad naiskasek halada

ajas gnay gnaroeses irad inkay ,atam nagnadnap iskas nakapurem nakub gnay

.aynnakhasikid gnay awitsirep adap ridah kadit 53

halada ini ispirks nasilunep malad nakanugid gnay remirp rebmus nupadA

alumeP gnaS , s halada nakanugid gnay rednukes rebmus nakgnade ayraK - ayrak

ojreoS ihdA otriT pakgneL , naasgnabeK sreP dabaeS , taruS nagnaujreP salikeS

rabaK naka aguj silunep ,uti nialeS .aynnial ukub igal kaynab hisam nad

irad naktapadid gnay otriT gnatnet oediv apureb rebmus nakanuggnem orteM

eliF .

.c )isakifireV( rebmuS kitirK

mus kitirk uata isakifireV naktawelret helob kadit gnay lah nakapurem reb

nakukalid kutnu naka anamid pahat nakapurem isakifireV .ini naitilenep malad

atad padahret naijugnep nakadaid - ada gnay atad atad hakapa iuhategnem kutnu

53 klahcsttoG siuoL , , harajeS itregneM .34 .mlh ,6002 ,sserP IU ,atrakaJ ,


32

.kadit uata nakbawajgnuggnatrepid tapad tubesret ataigeK iridret ini isakifirev n

.nretni kitirk nad nretske kitirk utiay ,macam 2 irad 63

gnay rebmus nailsaek iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid nretske kitirK

arac nagned nakukalid tapad ini nretske kitirK .nasilunep kutnu nakanugid

nad ,nasilut asahab ,nasilunep ayag ,nahab tafis ,nakanugid gnay nahab itilenem

uti hakapa ,nakanugid gnay furuh sinej tapadid gnay rebmus nakitkubmem aumes

atkaf halada ini kitirk irad tapadid gnay lisaH .kadit uata ilsa - gnay rasad atkaf

.awitsirep iskurtsnokerem kutnu nakukalid nakgnadeS k nakukalid nretni kitir

tapad helorepid gnay atad uata rebmus hakapa ialinem nagned uata iayacrepid

ini nretni kitirK .tubesret rebmus isi irad naranebek ialinem nial atak nagned ,kadit

rebmus iagabreb nakgnidnabmem arac nagned nakukalid nad naknaketid hibel

pakgnel nad salej hibel gnay atkaf naktapadid aggnihes .

ni ispirks nasilunep adaP .ajas nretni kitirk nakanuggnem aynah silunep ,i

malad taumid gnay isamrofni uata atad anerak nakukalid ulrep nretni kitirK

naurilekek idajret ajas asib ukub haubes ,uti babes helO . tapadid gnay atad utaus

gnatnet aynlasiM .aynnaranebek ijuid ulrep hisam halasamrep na nad rihal nuhat

bmus aratna naadebrep utaus idajret anamid ,otriT ayntafaw nagned utas gnay re

rebmus reoT atnanA aydeomarP aynukub malad taumret gnay aynlasiM .aynnial

ludujreb gnay namtairP aynukub irad napituk lisah utiay 02 namalah aojdreP nagn

S malad aisenodnI harajde tafaw nad 5781 nuhat adap rihal otriT awhab nakatakid

rihal otriT nakatagnem aynnial gnay ukub aparebeb nakgnadeS .7191 nuhat adap

.8191 tafaw nad 0881 nuhat adap iracnem kutnu ahasureb silunep ,uti kutnU

63 ,oyojiwotnuK harajeS umlI ratnagneP .101 .mlh ,1002 ,ayaduB gnatneB nasayaY ,atrakaygoY ,


42

tad gnatnet naranebek aparebeb irad nagnidnabrep nakukalem nagned tubesret a

tapad ,tapadid gnay ukub rebmus irad atad tahilem akiJ .ada gnay rebmus

.8191 nuhat adap tafaw nad 0881 nuhat adap rihal otriT awhab naklupmisid

.d D narisfaneP )isaterpretnI( ata

I atad narisfanep sesorp nakapurem isaterpretn - ijuid halet gnay atad

malad naitiletek nakulrepid ini pahat adaP .isakifirev pahat adap aynnaranebek

gnay hakgnal aud tapadret ini isaterpretni pahat adaP .ada gnay atad sisilanagnem

rugnem utiay nakukalid surah .)sisetnis( nakutaynem nad )sisilana( nakia 73 idaJ

atad sisilanagnem surah silunep ,atad isaterpretni pahat adap - nad ada gnay atad

atad nakgnubaggnem naidumek - .nautasek utas idajnem tubesret atad

ispirks nasilunep malad isaterpretni hotnoC ,II bab adap tapadret ini

laisos gnakaleb ratal sisilanagnem kutnu abocnem silunep ini bab malad anamid -

nad emsilanoisan asar lucnum aggnihes srep ainud malad nujret otriT kitilop

irad aynasgnab alebmem nagnaujrep tala iagabes rabak tarus nakanuggnem

nakukalem surah silunep ini halasam ijakgnem malaD .adnaleB emsilainolok

.rebmus aparebeb padahret narisfanep rebmus aparebeb irad nakanerakid ini laH

nad pakgnel gnay nasalejnep nakirebmem kadit silunep helo nakanugid gnay

natiakretek iracnem nagned sisilana nakukalem silunep ,uti anerak helO .icniret

iroet nagned ada gnay halasam aratna - nay natakednep nad iroet nakanug silunep g

.ini ispirks nasilunep malad

73 ,dibI .301 .mlh


52

.e )ifargoirotsiH( harajeS nasiluneP

surah gnay rihkaret pahat halada harajes nasilunep uata ifargoirotsiH

irad sapel asib kadit ifargoirotsiH .ini ispirks naiaseleynep ayapu malad nakukalid

rebmus - rebmus es d ,helorepid halet gnay haraj naka silunep ini pahat adap anami

malad ojreoS ihdA otriT“ gnatnet utiay uapmal asam awitsirep ilabmek silunem

2091 lanoisaN sreP nakaregreP - 8191 irad nugnaB aretupimuB gnacnoggneP :

aynrudiT atad nakrasadreb “ - d halet gnay atad .helorepi

lah nupadA - t adap silunep nakitahrepid surah gnay lah halada ini paha

tukireb iagabes : sigolonork ,)naturureb gnay atirec nanusuynep( isasilaires

nagnubuh( satilasuak ,)utkaw naturu nagned iauses naidajek iagabreb nanusuynep(

us irad tabika babes ,)awitsirep uta nad nakatirecnem kutnu rikip ayad( isanijami

.)namalagnep nakrasadreb narikip id ada gnay utauses 83

nasilunep edotem nagned silutid naka ini ispirks adap harajes nasiluneP

ulal asam naidajek nakrabmaggnem gnay nasilunep sinej utiay sisilana fitpirksed

.tabika babes nagnubuh nakrasadreb aynnakiarugnem nagned

.2 natakedneP

nep ,ini ispirks nasilunep malaD silu aynah natakednep nakanuggnem

.kitilop nakanugid kitilop natakedneP kutnu gnakaleb ratal ijakgnem laisos - kitilop

.srep ainud malad nujret otriT tahilem kutnu nakanugid aguj kitilop natakedneP

ahasu - tilop ahasu alolegnem amales otriT naknalajid gnay ki s atres aynrabak taru

rabak tarus anamiagab tahilem ijajirP nadeM tarus iagabes aynnarep inokalem

.adnaleB aidniH asam adap kitilopreb gnay rabak tarus uata nakaregrep rabak

83 ,ojridotraK onotraS harajeS igolodoteM malaD laisoS umlI natakedneP ,aidemarG ,atrakaJ ,

,2991 06.mlh - .16


62

.G nasiluneP akitametsiS

“ ludujreb gnay ispirkS lanoisaN sreP nakaregreP malad ojreoS ihdA otriT

2091 - 8191 aynrudiT irad nugnaB aretupimuB gnacnoggneP : iaynupmem ini ”

: tukireb iagabes nasilunep akitametsis

I BAB ,halasam gnakaleb ratal taumem gnay nauluhadnep apureB

taafnam nad naujut ,halasam nasumur ,akatsup nauajnit ,nasilunep

.nasilunep akitametsis nad ,naitilenep igolodotem ,iroet naijak

II BAB ihdA otriT gnakaleb ratal gnatnet naiaru nakijaynem naka ini baB

.srep ainud malad nujret ojreoS

III BAB ojreoS ihdA otriT arac gnatnet naiaru nakijaynem naka ini baB

.srep alolegnem

VI BAB natabilretek irad isubirtnok gnatnet naiaru nakijaynem naka ini baB

.srep ainud malad ojreoS ihdA otriT

V BAB et gnay nahalasamrep irad nalupmisek nakijaynem naka ini baB hal

.VI ,III ,II baB adap nakiaruid


72

II BAB

OJREOS IHDA OTRIT GNAKALEB RATAL

SREP AINUD MALAD NUJRET

malad gnitnep nanarep ikilimem gnay hokot nakapurem ojreoS ihdA otriT

n srep sitnirep halada aiD .lanoisan srep ayngnabmekreb nad hubmut lah .lanoisa

raseb naigabeS legreb nagned naksibahid aynpudih anug srep ainud malad tu

gnab igab raseb asajreb halet gnay hokot iagabeS .ayntaykar alebmem as

akam ,aisenodnI surenep isareneg asgnab otriT irad kuleb kules iuhategnem ulrep

.srep ainud malad nujret ai gnorodnem gnay rotkaf nad

.A ojreoS ihdA otriT ifargoiB

rihal ojreoS ihdA otriT saM nedaR arolB atok id 1 .0881 nuhat adap 2 amaN

jD halada aynlicek aI .onomoko agraulek uata iyayirp nagnolog irad lasareb

babes helO .nawasgnab raleg ikilimem ai ,uti otriT ,ini lah malaD .saM nedaR

k nanurutek halada .oloS id awaJ ajaR irad tapmee 3 otriT ,aynsalej hibel kutnU

mulebes gnay otonotriT T.M.R utiay orogenojoB itapuB irad ucuc nakapurem

isewgejaR amanreb 7281 nuhat 4 ijdaH gN.R amanreb aynhaya nakgnades ,

oreopihdotriT nahC dammaheoM , ( kajaP rotnaK iawagep gnaroes )ruetcelloc .5

1 otnamradeoS BJ , , kajeJ - aisenodnI asgnaB nautaseK takereP :nawalhaP kajeJ ,atrakaJ ,

.014 .mlh ,7002 ,odnisarG 2 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT aisenodnI sreP kajeJ sutareS: asahaB riA hanaT ,7002 ,eokeob:I ,atrakaJ ,

.2.mlh 3 ,N.I ojigabeoS aisenodnI nawatraW tagaJ .843 .mlh ,1891 ,gnugA gnunuG .TP ,atrakaJ , 4 eomarP ,reoT atnanA ayd alumeP gnaS .72 .mlh ,3002 ,aratnapiD aretneL ,atrakaJ , 5 dibI .92 .mlh ,


82

rabmaG 1 ojreoS ihdA otriT :

: rebmuS mr/52/10/0102/gro.rogolb//:ptth - otrit - ihda -/ojreos ( lukup ,2102 iraunaJ 32 : laggnat adap seskaiD

BIW 21.90 ).

nakanerakid ini laH .tacnol utuk nakiagab otriT napudihek ,licek asameS

hadnipreb ilak gnires otriT licek asames - ai ,aynalum adaP .laggnit tapmet hadnip

helorepmem nad halokesreb ialum ai akiteK .aynaut gnaro amasreb laggnit

asreb laggnit otriT ,nakididnep otonotriT uyA nedaR amanreb gnay aynkenen am

naklaggninem otriT ,tafaw aynkenen haletes ,ipatet nakA .orogenojoB id

.A.M.R amanreb gnay aynupupes araduas amasreb laggnit nad orogenojoB

umek aI .amal gnay utkaw malad kadit nupiksem ,nuidaM id targninidotorB naid


92

otriT M.R amanreb gnay ayngnaba amasreb laggnit nad gnabmeR ek igal hadnip

askaJ ,omeoseoK ihdA - .gnabmeR alapek 6

hadnipreb gnires gnay licek asames napudiheK - naktabikagnem ,hadnip

silunep gnaroes iagabes nakhaB .aynlicek asam nagnalihek otriT pukuc gnay

uti kiab aynlicek asam gnatnet silunem hanrep kadit otriT ,aynasam id fitkudorp

.aynhalokes id urug nupuata niamreb namet ,aynpudih nagnukgnil gnatnet nakhaB

tubesid gnires gnay gnaro nupadA .aynaut gnaro gnatnet atirecreb hanrep kadit ai -

tubes .aynkenen nad kekak halada aynhelo nakatirecid hanrep nad nakrasadreB

aynatirec et kekak gnatn ayn gnatnib iainurakid hanrep aynkekak awhab iuhatekid

tret gnatnib utiay wueeL ehcsdnalredeN reddiR .adnaleB naajareK lipis iggni 7

kutnu natapmesek ikilimem anerak gnutnureb gnay gnaro kusamret otriT

nad halokesreb hanrep otriT aynpudih asameS .nakididnep mayegnem

adnaleB rasad halokes id aynnakididnep nakiasaleynem 8 naidumek nad

( SBH ek naktujnalem loohcS regruB ereegoH naidumek otriT ,uti haleteS .)

amanreb gnay naretkodek halokes ek kusam nagned nakididnep naktujnalem

( AIVOTS nestrA ehcsdnalnI nav gnidielpO tot loohcS i taas adaP .) aynrumu ut

.nuhat 41 ratikes 9 atok naklaggninem otriT ,AIVOTS id halokesreb tapad kutnU

ek hadnip naidumek nad gnabmeR aivataB . 01 aivataB iD irad sapelret otriT ,

targnin agraulek tatek naruta nad nataki aumes - nakrubecnem gnusgnal aI .iyayirp

takaraysam nasipal hurules nagned naluagrep malad irid nilajid gnay naluagreP .

6 medI 7 dibI , .72.mlh 8 tiay imser aman iaynupmem 2091 nuhat adap ini adnaleB rasad halokeS u eregaL hcseeporuE

loohcS .)SLE( 9 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po .92.mlh ,

01 dibI .04.mlh ,


03

otriT ules nagned aivataB id takaraysam nasipal hur em ini tapec ai taubm

nem M kelaid parey uyale - tubesret asahab nakanuggnem naidumek aI .iwateb

4981 nuhat adaP .aynnasilut aparebeb malad - salek malad hisam akitek utiay ,5981

41 ratikes uti taas adap aynrumu anamid napaisrep - hadus ai iuhatekid ,nuhat 51

ek nasilut iagabreb mirignem ujes aivataB natibret rabak tarus halm . 11

takgnit id kudud otriT ,nuhat 02 rumureb ai akitek utiay 0091 nuhat adaP

nawasgnab adumep gnaroes idajnem hubmut aiD .AIVOTS retkod halokes tapme

aynhubut nupiksem hagag ,simuk arahilemem ,pakac gnay hibel tikides gnologret

nawak nagned nakgnidnabid alib kednep nad licek - akus aid lahadap ,aynnawak

irad ialum ,ajas apais nagned luagreb gnanes gnay gnaro gnologret aguj aI .manes

leB silanruj nad retkod B ,odnI nakanarep nagnolog ,adna aggnih ,aretupimu

iT .aohgno 21

aynah aI .iaseles iapmas kadit AIVOTS id otriT hupmetid gnay nakididneP

sret halokes id nakididnep hupmenem lisahreb utiay nuhat mane amales tube

amirenem surah aI .napaisrep salek nuhat 3 nagned 4 takgnit iapmas aynah

aparebeb nupadA .tubesret halokes irad nakraulekid ai awhab naataynek

nial aratna AIVOTS irad ai nakraulekid babeynep idajnem gnay nanikgnumek

aid anerak lah nakgnades ,rabak tarus id silunem gnanes nad atnic rujnalret

awsis igab nagnaral utaus nakapurem tubesret - ilak gnires otriT ;AIVOTS awsis

ayntabahas itabognem kutnu tabo peser nakraulegnem nauhatek ai nad ;solobmem

11 dibI .mlh , .14 21 ,aytidaR N arawsI ayraK - naasgnabeK nad nakaregreP sreP:ojreoS ihdA otriT pakgneL ayraK ,

,atrakaJ 16 .mlh ,8002 ,eokeob :I – .26


13

es gnay niksim aohgnoiT gnaroes utiay hisam otriT lahadap harap tikas gnad

.peser nakraulegnem kutnu nizi ikilimem muleb 31

nakraulekid haleteS irak ialumem otriT ,AIVOTS irad gnadib id aynr

rabak tarus id sapel silunep idajnem otriT aynalum adaP .kitsilanruj rabahC

adnalO aidniH otriT ,tibret itnehreb nad turkgnab tubesret rabak tarus gnubuhreB .

utnabmep idajnem naidumek iwateB atirbmeP hanrep aguj otriT ,uti nialeS .

rabak tarus id patet utnabmep idajnem nagnairP atraweP otriT naidumek nad,

rabak tarus ek igal ilabmek teB atirbmeP iwa idajnem takgnaid naidumek nad

rutkader iwateB atirbmeP rutkader iagabes natabaj kian otriT ,1091 nuhat adaP .

iladnek gnagemem aid naidumek nuhates nad amatu iwateB atirbmeP ukales

nakitnaggnem iskader nipmimep reggiW.F gnay adnaleB silanruj gnaroes ,

id .otriT imugak 41 iskader id amatrep gnaro ukales aynnatakgnagnep ianegneM

iwateB atirbmeP : silunem otriT ,

adapek halet gnay nauhatirebmep itrepes akam ,natamrohek alages nagneD natabaj tabajnem atik niramek irad ialum awhab acabmep nailakes

akuS .rabaktarus ini irad rutkader )alapek( - kat utkaw ini adap atik atic atik halet gnay uhat atik gnarakes haltapad anerak ,alup nakatakid helob

gnoynokes ;ini natabaj utiay ,naknigni - akus halgnatad gnoynok - ,aticgnajnapes adap atayn halkadneh ,apa anerak .ini nauhatirebmep 51

nipmimem kubis halet nupikseM iwateB atirbmeP naktapmeynem otriT ,

rek utas halaS .nalibmas ajrek kutnu irid nakajrek ai hanrep gnay nalibmas aj

ihebagN saM nedaR ,oloS notarK irad gnuga umat gnibmibmep idajnem halada

31 dibI .26 .mlh , 41 dibI .36.mlh , 51 dibI irad lasareb napituK ( .51.mlh , iwateB atirbmeP luduj nagned ,2091 lirpA 2 ,XIX nuhaT ,

ajtabmeP nailakeS adapeK“ ilsa )”


23

.netnaB ek nagnujnuk akgnar malad ,orteopaS ojdorP 61 nakitkubmem ini laH

jrekeb akus nad iridnam gnay gnaro kosos halada otriT awhab .sarek a

nipmimem lisahreb haleteS iwateB atirbmeP kutnu abocnem otriT ,

rabak tarus naktibrenem arac nagned kitsilanruj gnadib id aynpayas nakrabelem

: nial aratna naktibret ai lisahreb gnay rabak tarus nupadA .iridnes ,atireB adneoS

,nalidaeK heoleoS ,ijajirP nadeM nad aidniH irteoP rabak tarus iulaleM . - tarus

nab alebmem kutnu nagnaujrep isim nakracnalem otriT halini rabak irad aynasg

kaditek .nalida

fitka aguj ai ,srep ainud malad fitka aynah kadit otriT ,aynpudih asameS

ayniridreb iasrakarpmem halet otriT aynpudih asameS .isasinagroreb malad

id malsI gnagaD takeraS nad 9091 nuhat adap aivataB id malsI gnagaD takeraS

iagabes nakduskamid tubesret isasinagro audeK .1191 nuhat adap rogoB

“ uata akedrem agraw arap nalupmukrep aI .adnaleB aidniH id ”akidraM muaK

.atrakaruS id malsI takeraS nakiridnem aguj 71

y araduas napaled ikilimem otriT awhab iuhatekid ini huajeS rihalret gna

.ubi aparebeb irad apadnem atinaw nupuam airp kiab aynaraduas aumeS t

aporE nakididnep ujam gnay rajalep gnologret nad diaS .M.R ,ayngnabA .

otriT.M.R ,autret gnay ayngnaba nakgnadeS .rujnaiC id askaj gnaroes nakapurem

askaj gnaroes ,omeoseoK ihdA - ,aynatinaw kakaK .gnabmeR alapek

R idajnem 1191 nuhat adap ,otoniwoggnirP.A.R araduaS .nabuT id uyA neda

askaJ nakapurem otoniW idA otriT itrepes aynnial - ,aragenrajnaB id alapek

61 dibI .61.mlh , 71 otnamradeoS BJ , , tic.po .214.mlh ,


33

netsisA nakapurem ojojdimA nad ralaggnudeK anadeW netsisA halada ojorpotriT

.sarawhiguS anadeW 81

,aynidabirp napudihek ianegneM s idajnem hubmut otriT se gnay gnaroe

kutnu nadnadreb akus gnay kiranem aynnalipmanep agajnem . gnaroes iagabeS

otriT ,nakididnepreb gnay aguj gnay akite ikilimem gnay gnaroes idajnem hubmut

y halini laH .iggnit pukuc idajnem gna atinaw kirat ayad .uti taas adap 91

nagned ilak amatrep hakinem otriT amanreb rujnaiC nawasgnab irtup

.namtairP M.R halrihal uti aynnaniwakrep iulaleM .hareahuS itiS uyA nedaR

.abibaH itiS uyA nedaR nagned hakinem ai ,audeK audek naniwakrep malaD ayn

ini al hakinem ai uti haleteS .nasaH M.R nad ailuJ A.R kana ikilimem otriT , ig

gnay nacaB nav sesnirP nagned lanekid hibel uata hamitaF sesnirP nagned

.ukulaM id adareb aid taas ihakinid 02

hka adap ini otriT irtsi irad auD kitsilanruj ainud malad tabilret aguj aynri

sesnirP nad abibaH itiS uyA nedaR halada akerem aratna id aud nupadA .otriT

tuki kutnu ini aynirtsi audek adapek naayacrepek irebmem otriT .hamitaF

alolegnem utnabmem aidniH irteoP nranebeS . ,otriT nagned hakinem mulebes ay

aynirajagnem gnay iridnes otriT .furuh atub gnay gnaroes halada abibaH itiS .A.R

acab - malad abibaH itiS helo gnagepid gnay kokop naajrekeP .silut aidniH irteoP

tarus bawajnem halada - J nad adnuS asahab nakanuggnem gnay tarus otriT .awa

.aynutnabmem kutnu aynadapek siraterkes gnaroes nakirebmem aguj

81 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po 23.mlh , - .43 91 gnay ,ojreoS ihdA otriT irad ucuc nakapurem gnay namtairP ykciD napacu irad pitukiD

irad libmaid ini oediV .otriT gnatnet sahabmem gnay oediv malad aynratnemok nakirebmemeliF orteM .

02 mr/52/10/0102/gro.rogolb//:ptth - otrit - ihda - /ojreos : laggnat adap seskaiD( ,2102 iraunaJ 32)BIW 21.90 lukup


43

rabmaG 2 hareahuS itiS uyA nedaR :ojreoS ihdA otriT amatrep irtsI :

:rebmuS

102/moc.sserpdrow.gnufmakgnow//:ptthmr/52/10/0 - otrit - ihda - /ojreos seskaiD(

: laggnat adap lukup ,2102 teraM 9135.81 BIW ).

ilak aparebeb malad gnusgnalreb otriT kitsilanuj rirak nanalajreP

runrebug tapme ada aynkaditeS .larednej runrebug naitnagrep gnay larednej

tapme nupadA .aynrirak nanalajrep amales naitnagreb araces hatniremem

kcjiW red nav.A.H.C laredneJ runrebuG :nial aratna tubesret larednej runrebug

3981( - 8981( moobesooR.W ,)8981 - tueH nav.B.J ,)4091 s 4091( z - ,)9091

9091( grubnedI.F.W.A - .)6191 12 naayajek asam imalagnem otriT kitsilanruj riraK

tueH nav runrebuG nahatniremep asam adap s aratna nakanerakid ini laH .z

nav larednej runrebuG haletes ,ipatet nakA .idabirp natakedek ikilimem aynaudek

tueH s itnagid z asam imalagnem otriT ,grubnedI runrebuG nagned - gnay asam

nakpakgnugnem malad aynnatabilretek nad silunem malad aynnainarebeK .tilus

12 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po .47.mlh ,


53

iagabes nagnaubmep asam ilak aud imalagnem surah ayntaubmem susak aparebeb

amatreP .ayngnuggnatid surah gnay namukuh kutneb gnuteB kuleT ek gnaubid ai

.nobmA ek gnaubid ai audek gnay nad 22

irad lawa kutneb utaus nakapurem audek gnay otriT nagnaubmeP

kareG .aynrirak nanalajrep narucnahek - nagnaubmep asam amales otriT kireg

niR helo isawaid ulales nakuB .grubnedI laredneJ nasutu nakapurem gnay sek

.otriT nakkojomem aguj sekniR ,uti aynah

nobmA id aynnagnaubmep asam inalajnem sapeleS otriT 4191 lawa adap ,

,nawaneoG nedaR nagned lupmukreb ai ,aivataB id aynabiteS .aivataB ek ilabmek

id otriT kidid kana ijajirP nadeM akereM . H id laggnit ulud gnay onorimaS leto

letoH amanreb ijajirP nadeM iD .otriT kilim ,nobmA irad aynnagnalupek lawa

iT nahipres naklupmugnem ahasureb otr - id aynahasu gnatnet rabak nahipres

.sakebreb kat sibah hadus aynadneb atrah aumes ataynret numan ,aivataB kadiT

ikgnab kutnu otriT igab nanikgnumek ada asam irad gnalup haletes igal t

aynnagnaubmep ini . aynaman nakhaB alet .rubel rucnah h otriT ,irah nikameS

naatayneK .nahalakek imed nahalakek ipadahgnem surah aI .nakgnisaret nikames

tikas idajnem naidumek aI .aynnatahesek nad latnem adap kurub kapmadreb ini -

ret safan naksubehgnem ai ,8191 rebmeseD 7 laggnat adap nad natikas .aynrihka 32

.aivataB ,audaggnaM id nakrubukid otriT hasaneJ 42

22 ,N.I ojigabeoS tic.po .943.mlh , 32 ,aytidaR N arawsI ,tic.po 47 .mlh - .57 42 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po .12 .mlh ,


63

rabmaG M : 3 maka ojreoS ihdA otriT

: rebmuS obecaf.www//:ptth MR/segap/moc.ko - onomokojD - otriT - ihdA - ojreoS - 0881 -624514975.o=tes&9530428714601=dibf?php.otohp/!#sotohp=ks?04624514975/8191

retaeht&3=epyt&04 ( : laggnat adap seskaiD )BIW 61.32 lukup ,2102 lirpA 6 .

.B laisoS gnakaleB rataL - ayaduB

aynpudih asameS anerak gnutnureb pukuc otriT nakatakid asib ,

aidniH hatniremep nakaidesid gnay nakididnep maynegnem natapmesekreb

nanurutek gnaroes halada ai anerak aynhelorepid ini natapmeseK .adnaleB

kididnep maynegnem asib nagnalak aumes kadit aynasam adaP .nawasgnab na

.nakasar ai gnay itrepes

id naksalejid halet gnay itrepes otriT hupmetid tapmes gnay nakididneP

halokes ek naktujnalid naidumek gnay adnaleB rasad halokes utiay aynifargoib

irad tahilid aliB .)AIVOTS( awaJ retkod halokes ek igal naktujnalid nad SBH

jrep natapmesek naktaafnamem kadit otriT gnalibid asib aynnakididnep nanala

id halokesreb akitek nalagagek nagned tahilret ini laH .kiab nagned aynnakididnep


73

nagned tubesret halokes irad nakraulekid ai uti asam adap anamid ,AIVOTS

imed nupikseM .utnetret nasala aynhelo hupmetid hanrep gnay nakididnep ,naik

nakididnep iulaleM .aynirid adap raseb pukuc gnay huragnep ikilimem aynutnet

ikilimem nad sadrec gnay kosos idajnem hubmut otriT ,hupmet ai hanrep gnay

nales napudihek igab lakeb nakidajid asib gnay nauhategnep .ayntuj

aynkusaM srep ainud malad otriT gnakaleb ratal irad sapelret kadit

y nakididnep P .nakasar ai hanrep gna ay nakididne ,hupmet ai hanrep gn

naroes idajnem aynnahilip nagned tiakret gnay hadeaf aparebeb nakgnatadnem g

B nakididnep iulaleM .silanruj tara .silut acab asib otriT kadit gnilap ,ini

nakidajnem nad gnabmekreb naidumek otriT ikilimid gnay silut acab naupmameK

takreB .silunem silut ainud malad takab ikilimem gnay gnaroes iagabes otriT

aul gnay nasawaw nad nauhategnep ikilimem otriT alup nakididnep aggnihes s

umli gnatnet nauhategnep itrepes ,silunem kutnu ladom nakidajid tapad

nahab iagabes nakidaj ai tapad aynrihka adap ,helorep ai hanrep gnay naretkodek

.alolek ai hanrep gnay rabak tarus uata narok iagabreb id aynnasilut ini tukireB

sah utas halas : naretkodek umli nagned natiakreb gnay otriT nasilut li

asibreT akuL 52 uata asibret akuL dnow edgitfigrev ada gnay akul utiay nakusamek

,gnikgnejalak putnaid ,naki litapid ,asib ralu tigigid gnarO .)nucar( asib ,nowat uata gneggnotek .ini macames akul tapad uti

harem ,kakgneb uti natigig sakeb tapmet adap ,ayntamala akaMa adap iju aratnemeS .aynabarid alibapa sanap nad ,aynapur gnay atoggn

hutaj gnadak ,nadab gnairem tapad uti gnaro ,tikas nad kakgneb uti tigigret asib kadit malam ,hatnumreb kadneh kalek ,gnisup aynalapek ,nasgnip gnutnagret ,uti tamala alages aynkadit tagnaS .itam gnadakret nad ,rudit

ib aynkadit rujnam adapirad .uti akul adap hutaj gnay as

52 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po irad pitukiD( .686 .mlh , atireB adneoS ,3091 lirpA 3 ,I nuhaT ,5 oN ,

)”asibreT akeoL“ ilsa luduj nagned


83

kadit aynasaib nad ,nakitahrepid surah naikimed akuLamatreP .harad kaynab nakhapmunem - imak surah gnay naitahrep amat

anam ek raisret iapmas nagnaj uti asib ayapus utiay nakukal - id anam.harad helo awabid ,nadab malad

pmem nakA aynatoggna uti akul sata id ulrep akam ini taubre pukuc uti nataki halkadneh ,nowat natigiggnep akul imed uata ,takiid asaib nakhisrebid tutap uti akul akaM .retselp niak nalepmet nagned

akul nakhisrebmem nagned serpmokid ulal uti akul akam aynhaduses ,oma adiuqilain risuid tutap ini nakakgneb akam raseb aynkakgneb ualakiJ .

tubesid gnay nasukgnub helo tsinsirp niak inkay , lenalf madnerid hisreb ria malad taamilbus sarep ulal

naklepmet aynhaduseS alf len aumes ayapus uti akul adap utial pututret uti nakakgneb ayapus )sapak( kupak nagned sukgnubid ul alf len

,terak satrek nagned lepmetid ulal aynhaduses ,ilakes amas pututret utireipap ahcrepattuge , halurab ;pututret ilakes amas uti sapak ayapus

gnay akul tapad gnay gnaro aratnemes akaM .nabrep nagned sukgnubidp liggnap ulrep nad ,ipok uata ,kara ,ruggna munim hisakid ulal uti haya

.rudit asib ayapus tabo hisak retkod ulrep gnadak anerak ,retkod akul adap itaborepid kalek ralu asiB nagned ayn edirolhcduog uata

idraluog auqa o ramak aumes adap tapad helob gnaro gnay gnakut uata tab.tertop

otriT gnaroes nakbabeynem gnay nial rotkaf tapadret ,nakididnep nialeS

ayadub nad isidart nagned natiakreb ini nial rotkaF .srep ainud malad nujret

,iyayirp nagnolog irad rihalret gnay kana iagabeS .uti asam adap ada gnay iyayirp

b isidart alages nagned itajes iyayirp gnaroes idajnem hubmut otriT itrareb naku

tukat kadit ,irid ayacrep gnay kosos idajnem hubmut ai ,ini lah malaD .ada gnay

rusnu malad hubmut ai nakhab nad takgnapreb kadit tukat kadit ,naitamek - rusnu

idabirp nakutnebmep .aynatsak malad lanekid kadit gnay 62 nad hubmut aneraK

naiadnapek ikilimem gnay gnaroes idajnem ai ,iyayirp isidart raul id gnabmekreb

nad ,naagirucek hunep ,aracibreb rameg nad aw adap gnanes kadit gnay kat

62 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po .03 .mlh ,


93

kana is“ iagabes ikulujid ai ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP helO .aynatsak ikilimid

.”gnalih 72

og ikududnem gnay atsak nakapurem iyayirp atsak ,aynasam adaP nagnol

B muak pukgnil malad sata kadit ,fitmusnok lanekid ini atsaK .aretupimu

,tubesret isidart malad hubmut kadit otriT aneraK .fitaerk kadit aguj nad ,fitkudorp

dnep igal habmatid nad B nakidi kadit aynrihka adap otriT ,aynamiretid gnay tara

esret aynatsak naasaibek uata isidart iakuynem ,awhab tapadnepreb ai nakhaB .tub

aguj ,aisenodnI taykar napudihek adap fitagen kapmadreb niales aporE nahajajnep

kadites ,taafnam iaynupmem - gnay nafitagenek ignarugnem tapad aynkadit

imid l .aynatsak iki 82

aynasaib ini nagnalak awhab iuhatekid tapad ,iyayirp atsak malaD

naracni idajnem gnay iggnitret natabaJ .nahatniremep malad id ajrekeb gnurednec

iyayirp napudihek anerak imahapid hadum ini laH .itapub gnaroes idajnem halada

numaN .hatniremem gnires gnodnoc laH .otriT irid adap ukalreb kadit ini pesnok

kutnu narawat irebid ai akitek kalonem hanrep gnay otriT akitek itkubret ini

natabaj adap aynnakratnahgnem asib aynutnet gnay iregen natabaj adap ajrekeb

.itapub gnaroes idajnem kutnu 92 iagabeS ilak agit tapadnem hanrep otriT ,itkub

amatrep narawaT .kalotid aynagitek numan ,iregen adap ajrekeb kutnu narawat

iawagep idaj kutnu edoorretseW nav ffloW nediseR netsisA sakeb irad gnatad

tsisA irad gnatad audek narawaT .tarad hatnil nasatnarebmep sanid nediseR ne

idaj kutnu agitek narawat nad ,kajap rotnak iawagep idajnem kutnu gnudnaB

redeN id eissimmoC tadA atoggna kaditek ,uti aynah nakuB .dnal otriT nakiratret

72 medI 82 dibI 23 mlh , . 92 dibI .mlh , .75


04

naksutumem ai akitek tahilid asib aguj nahatniremep id ada gnay natabaj adap

alokesreb kutnu retkoD .naretkodek nasuruj nagned halokes utiay AIVOTS id h

adap nupiksem ,naidbagnep adap gnurednec gnay iseforp utas halas nakapurem

retkod iseforp iulalem nimrecret kadit takaraysam adap otriT naidbagnep aynrihka

gnaroes iagabes iseforp nagned naknialem taykar alebmem ulales gnay silanruj

.sadnitret gnay

iawagep gnaroes idajnem kutnu kiratret kadit otriT gnubuhreB

alad nujret kutnu naksutumem naidumek otriT ,nahatniremep srep ainud m

tarusrep aynsusuhk ned radas ai anerak otriT hilipid ini iseforP .narabak ai srep nag

nad umli nakigabmem tapad otriT ,alup srep iulaleM .aynasgnab gnolonem tapad

nauhategnep takgnit nakkianem tapad aggnihes ikilim ai gnay nauhategnep

.gnadib iagabreb id aynasgnab

.C laisoS gnakaleB rataL - kitiloP

las nakapurem ojreoS ihdA otriT silut ainud iatnicnem gnay hokot utas ha

kusam kutnu ai gnorodnem silunem silut ainud malad aynnaatniceK .silunem

ladnah gnay silanruj gnaroes iagabes aynrirak inalajnem nad srep ainud malad

ibrenep ikilimem lisahreb aguj ai ,uti aynah nakuB .aynasam adap nad iridnes nat

.rabak tarus aparebeb naktibrenem lisahreb

nad inareb utigeb gnay aynnasilut lisah atres nasilut ayag irad tahilid aliB

nujret kutnu otriT gnorodnem tuki gnay nial rotkaf ada aynutnet ,majat nasekret

tubesret rotkaf nupadA .srep ainud malad nakujamem nigni ai anerak nial aratna

imalagnem gnires gnay ayntaykar bisan nakgnaujrepmem nad aynasgnab


14

gnaro irad nupuata adnaleB hajajnep irad lasareb gnay uti kiab nasadninep

.iridnes aisenodnI

kgnatadnem ilakes kaynab adnaleB nahajajnep ,aynasam adaP na

kadit adnaleB asgnab nakanerakid ini laH .aisenodnI asgnab igab naatirednep

nakajibeK .aisenodnI taykar bisan nakrikimem nad nakitahrepmem hanrep -

adap naksukofid ulales aisenodnI id asaukreb amales libmaid gnay nakajibek

utiay ,kudni iregen nagnitnepek site kitilop nakajibek nakhaB .adnaleB iregen

aynnaataynek adap aisenodnI asgnab padahret idub salab kitilop nakapurem gnay

nakracnalid gnay site kitiloP .aisenodnI taykar igab naatirednep awabmem patet

mem naujutreb ini adnaleB - adnaleB - t nad aisenodnI nak nakawecegnem aynutne

.aisenodnI taykar 03 kaynab hibel site kitilop aynnaanaskalep malad ,igal hibelreT

ijnaj - nnaanaskalep adapirad ijnaj .ay

taas adap ukalreb gnay awaJ emsiladoef metsis nagned huaj adebreb kadiT

nakarasgneynem ilak gnires uti taas ukalreb gnay awaJ emsiladoef metsiS .uti

kah ianegnem aynsusuhK .licek taykar - kajniid ulales gnay atalej taykar kah - kajni

mas iagrahid kadit nad .imubirp asaugnep arap helo ilakes a

halas nakapurem uti licek taykar helo nakasarid gnires gnay nasadnineP

arap irad naasaukek nupuata gnanewew naanughalaynep irad atayn kutneb utas

kilimem nad atnic tagnas gnay otriT .lainolok asaugnep amaturet ,asaugnep i

isidnok nagned gnanes kadit utnet nalidaek padahret raseb pukuc gnay naitahrep

kadit raga nakgnaujrepid kutnu gnitnep gnay lah nakapurem nalidaek aynigaB .ini

nailudepeK .nakigurid asarem gnay kahip ada nakidajnem nalidaek padahret ayn

03 otnayrahiW K.A , , lanoisaN nakaregreP : I uraB aisenodnI harajeS ,atrakaygoY , isrevinU sat

.21 .mlh ,7002 ,amrahD atanaS


24

iagabes otriT halas nakhab ,ilutatluM imugagnem gnay hokot utas

iulaleM .nainarebek nad nalidaek gnabmal aynnakidajnem nad aynnakawednem

.aynnainarebek nad nalidaek naasarep hasagnem otriT ,ilutatluM 13 aasareP n

malad rasad ladom idajnem aynitnan gnay halini nainarebek nad nalidaek

.ayntaykar bisan nakgnaujrepmem

radas otriT ,lainolok namaz adap pudih gnay rajalepret gnaroes iagabeS

nagnolog aud idajnem igabret adnaleB aidniH takaraysam uti asam adap awhab

utiay pret gnay asgnab nad hatniremem gnay asgnab ire gnay ,otriT igaB .hatn

gnay nakgnades adnaleB asgnab halada hatniremem gnay asgnab malad kusamret

t B nagnolog aynah nakub hatnirepret gnay asgnab malad kusamre ajas aretupimu

ay aohgnoiT nagnolog aguj naknialem hawab id adareb uti asam adap gn

guj otriT .lainolok nasadninep B nagnalak adapek nakrujnagnem a kutnu aretupimu

gnaro utnabmem nakhab ,uhabmem uhab nad amas ajrekeb asaitnanes - gnaro

.nahasusek apmitret gnades gnay aohgnoiT 23 irepret nagnoloG gnay halini hatn

.hatniremem gnay nagnolog irad napasihgnep nad nasadninep imalagnem ulales

irepret asgnab pesnoK awhab nakkujnunem ini otriT naksumurid gnay hatn

naradasek ikilimem halet ai ,uti asam adap asgnaB .asgnabreb - repret asgnab ni hat

id adareb gnay asgnab iagabes otriT naksumurid ini lainolok naasaukek hawab

naamasrep nataki nakrasadreb nakub ,kitilop nataki nakrasadreb kutnebret nad

rad nupuata naayadubek irepret asgnab pesnok iulaleM .ha ahasureb otriT ,ini hatn

ykar nakkareggnem naasaukek ipadahgnem inareb nad utasreb kutnu aynta

.lainolok

13 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po 54 .mlh , - .64 23 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po 01.mlh , .


34

nad srep ainud malad nujret kutnu otriT gnorodnem gnay halini isidnoK

tapad srep ,aynigaB .aynasgnab gnolonem asib gnay rabak tarus naktibrenem

ditek ignaremem kutnu hupma gnay atajnes nakidajid idajret gnires gnay nalidaka

mahap nakrabeynem saul araces tapad otriT ,alup srep iulaleM .ayniregen id

anug adnaleB aidniH hayaliw hurules ek naksumur ai halet gnay naasgnabek

silunem hanrep aguj otriT .aynasgnab aratna id nautasrep asar taukrepmem

aynrep asib ayas narok rutkader iagabes ajrekeb nagneD“ :tukireb iagabes naat

raga kayneyn rudit hisam gnay akerem haguggnem nad asgnab itah nakkareggnem

”.aynnabijawek iradaynem ialum 33

kutnu ai gnorodnem otriT ikilimid gnay naasgnabek tagnameS

uyaleM asahab nakanuggnem - augnil - sakinumok tala iagabes acnarf asgnab igab i -

irepret gnay asgnab aguj ini asahab naanuggneP .adnaleB aidniH id hatn

asgnab nakutasrepmem kutnu ahasu utaus nakapurem - nab irepret gnay asg id hatn

malad otriT nakanugid naidumek gnay halalup ini asahaB .adnaleB aidniH

.aynrabak tarus id naatirebmep 43

otriT gnorodnem aynasgnab bisan nakgnaujrepmem malad otriT tagnameS

rabak tarus naktibrenem ijajirP nadeM nakirebmem otriT ,ini rabak tarus iulaleM .

lida kadit nakukalrepid nad sadnitret asarem gnay gnaro paites adapek natapmesek

arapa helo nahuleK .aynnahulek nakudagnem kutnu lainolok t - gnay nahulek

,nial atak nagneD .otriT helo ipaggnatid nad inagnatid naka ini kusam nadeM

ijajirP kat ripmaH .kilbup araus gnoroc iagabes isisop libmagnem uti asam adap

id gnay lainolok nakajibek nup utas ada solol gnay taykar naktarebmem nakasar

33 dibI nay ,onosuB ludujreb gnay atirec malad silutid ini naataynreP( .7.mlh , imes nakapurem g)ojreoS ihdA otriT irad ifargoiboto

43 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP po tic. .081.mlh ,


44

naatirebmep irad ijajirP nadeM ,gnalibid heloB . ijajirP nadeM nadem nakapurem

.nasilut kutneb malad ihalekreb


54

III BAB

SREP ALOLEGNEM OJREOS IHDA OTRIT ARAC

.A d sreP d nujreT otriT mulebes aisenodnI i sreP ainuD mala

srep ianegnem aracibreB aisenodnI id et ojreoS ihdA otriT mulebes nujr

itrareb ,srep ainud malad aracibreb naka adnaleB aidniH id srep ianegnem irad

nagned iapmas aynnahubmutrep lawa ek daba mulebes - .02 p lawA nahubmutre

adnaleB aidniH id srep id taraB asgnab naadarebek irad sapelret kadit odnI ,aisen

aisenodnI id taradnem lisahreb gnay adnaleB asgnaB .adnaleB asgnaB amaturet

apureb isakinumok muidem utas ialumem ayntujnales ,6951 nuhat adap ettezag

atireb narabmel uata alakreb natibrenep( ) haletes nuhat saleb nalibmes akerem

.aisenodnI id abit 1

tubesid gnay apa nakukalid 2171 nuhat adaP rebaF noV ahasu“ iagabes

ulam - ”ulam malad atireb isireb gnay rabak tarus naktibrenem kutnu aivataB id

ini natibrenep ahasu numaN .aynmacames nad lapak atireb ,iregen anerak lagag

gnay nagnagadrep atireb raga duskam nagned hatniremep irad nagnaral tapadnem

hutaj kadit adnaleB helo nakukalid gnagad naahasurep nagnias arap nagnat ek

.adnaleB 2

4471 nuhat id ilabmek lucnum adnaleB aidniH id natibrenep ahasU

naktibretid nagned sellevuoN esaivataB helo snedroJ.E.J ini rabak taruS .

hatniremep nizi nagned naktibretid ret lisahreb nad .nuhat aud amales tib 3

1 drawdE ,htimS C , aisenodnI id sreP naledierbmeP akatsuP .TP ,atrakaJ ,)nahamejret isrev(

.94 .mlh ,6891 ,sreP itifarG 2 dibI , .15 .mlh 3 medI .


64

sellevuoN esaivataB id naktibretid lisahreb gnay amatrep rabak tarus nakapurem

urem aynrasad adap ini rabak tarus narihaleK .adnaleB aidniH naalumrep nakap

harajes aynialumid .aisenodnI id srep

kabaB .kabab aud malad igabret aynranebes aisenodnI id srep harajeS

iapmas aisenodnI id amatrep rabak tarus aynada kajes gnusgnalreb amatrep

4581 nuhat nagned 4471 nuhat irad utiay – 4581 audek kabab nakgnades ,

ikgnabek nagned iapmas 4581 kajes gnusgnalreb naamasreb gnay lanoisan nat

.site kitilop aynnakanaskalid nagned 4

gnay amatrep kabab adaP nuhat 09 amales gnusgnalreb tapadret aynah ,

rep tubesid ini kabab aggnihes ,adnaleB aidniH id gnabmekreb gnay ajas hitup s

nagned “ hituP kabaB ” ekreb gnay rabak tarus anerak hitup kabab tubesiD . m gnab

acabmep igab nad adnaleB asahabreb ,aporE gnaro kilim kaltum uti asam adap

.adnaleB asahabreb 5

Se kaltum kadit aisenodnI id srep ,audek kabab adap nakgnad

adnaleB asahab nakanuggnem gnubuhreb 4581 nuhat adaP . na nagned

narutarep nakraulekid aisenodnI id ,dnalredeN id larebil muak naakedremek

.srep nataigek adap naraggnolek ,ini kabab lawa adaP tup srep hibel patet hi

lek amal numan ,nanimod M asahabreb srep haltibret naama aynah nakuB .uyale

akanarep ,aporE nakanarep nawatraw ,uti ialum nup imubirp aguj nad aohgnoiT n

nad aohgnoiT nakanarep nawatraw utkaw aynnalajreb gnirieS .nalucnumreb

.aporE nakanarep nakududek reseggnem ialum imubirp 6

4 ,ojdrahimojruS namhcarrudbA aisenodnI id sreP harajeS nagnabmekreP igeS aparebeB ,

.05 .mlh ,2002 ,sapmoK ,atrakaJ 5 medI . 6 dibI 05 .mlh , - .15


74

edoireP .edoirep agit malad igal igabret rasak araces ,ini audek kabab adaP

4581 nuhat aratna idajret amatrep - asahab rabak tarus ini edoirep adaP .0681

nupikseM .aisenodnI srep malad gnitnep tapmet ikududnem patet adnaleB

rep edoirep adap naikimed M asahabreb rabak tarus ini amat lucnum ialum uyale

utiay eojaleM terpmolS k edoireP . 0681 nuhat aratna idajret aude - adaP .0881

doirep M asahabreb rabak tarus ,audek e man ,kaynab nikames hadus uyale gnay nu

M srep nataigek nipmimem edoirep nakgnadeS .aporE nakanarep halada ini uyale

n natikgnabek iapmas 1881nuhat aratna gnusgnalreb gnay agitek lanoisa gnaro ,

T .srep ainud malad ajrekeb gnay kaynab halet imubirp nad aohgnoi 7

lob 02 daba mulebes aisenodnI id sreP kilim hisam nakatakid he ,adnaleB

uti taas adap anerak aisenodnI id gnabmekreb nad hubmut gnay rabak tarus

adap nupiksem ,adnaleB helo nakajrekid nad nakahasuid aynaumes ripmah

ek daba nahagnetrep ratikes utiay ayntujnales nagnabmekrep - m nad 91 gnalejne

ek daba - um hadus aguj imubirp nad aohgnoiT nakanarep 02 .tabilret ial numaN

p sre ek daba mulebes imubirp inrum - ,ada muleb hisam nakatakid asib 02

tarus ada halet uti asam adap nupiksem M asahab nakanuggnem gnay rabak .uyale 8

lum adaP asu naigab iagabes tibret srep ayna nad adnaleB gnaro ah

m naidumek .kaynim irtsudni nad nanubekrep naahasurep nagnitnepek awabme

nalaosrep naknimrecnem muleb aynisI - kajes gnamem anerak ,kitilop nalaosrep

atireb rutagnem adnaleB aidniH hatniremep alumes - naktibretid naka gnay atireb

.iridnes hatniremep nakayahabmem kadit raga 9 aguj adnaleB aidniH hatniremeP

rosnes nakukalem adap nakhaB .naktibretid naka gnay nalki uata atireb padahret

7 dibI .15 .mlh , 8 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP alumeP gnaS .34.mlh ,3002 ,aratnapiD aretneL ,atrakaJ , 9 ,ojdrahimojruS namhcarrudbA ,tic.po .03 .mlh


84

5971 salej atok nakatecrep kilimep - apa natibrenep nakraulegnem gnaralid salej

gnay lah paites amaturet ,rosneynep naujutesrep nad nauhategnep apnat nup

es gnay naadaek gnatnet nagnaretek taumem nad nahatniremep uata ukalreb gnad

.nanahatrep 01

runrebuG nahatniremep hawab id ,9081 nuhat ratikeS laredneJ ,sledneaD

natibrenep sakeb irad atok nakatecrep ilebmem hatniremep udneV - sweN nad

kutnu nakanugid ini hatniremep kilim rabak taruS .rabak tarus naktibrenem ialum

tniremep nakadnit aumes nakraiynem huajes ha .mumu nagnitnepek tukgnaynem 11

,uti asam adap awhab nakitkubmem ini naatayneK hatniremep narep malad

k tarus naalolegnep adnaleB aidniH id raba gnalibret raseb . hatniremep gnubuhreB

lales adnaleB aidniH isgnuf akam ,natibrenep isawagnem u rabak tarus mulebes

ek daba - t laujnem farat adap gnodnoc hibel 02 mrofni nad nasilu nupadA .isa

isgnuf nial uti asam adap rabak tarus irad kutnu halada nakisatnemukodnem

awitsirep - idajret gnay gnitnep awitsirep . anerak itregnemid hadum ini laH

mem tagnas gnay aragen gnamem adnaleB p .isatnemukod nakitahre 21

.B sreP alolegneM otriT araC

ainud malad nujret gnay imubirp gnaro utas halas halada ojreoS ihdA otriT

adnaleB aidniH nahatniremep asam adap srep . nagned ajrekeb ai aynalum adaP

abak tarus aparebeb id nial gnaro r . irad nagnukud nagned aynrihka adap numaN

kahip aparebeb ,sdnarbjiW leraK irad hibelret , rabak tarus naktibrenem lisahreb ai

01 drawdE ,htimS ,C tic.po .25 .mlh , 11 medI . 21 tarus/40/10/1102/moc.anaisapmok.harajes//:ptth - rabak - id - /aisenodni ( aggnat adap seskaiD : l 2

01.31 lukup ,2102 teraM BIW ).


94

.iridnes amatrep rabak tarus nakapurem naktibret otriT lisahreb gnay rabak taruS

nI id kid nad imubirp ladom nakanuggnem gnay aisenod p helo alole .imubir

gnay amatrep rabak taruS lisahreb halada otriT naktibretid atireB adneoS

.3091 iraurbeF 7 laggnat adap rujnaiC id tibret gnay 31 alolegnem otriT adneoS

atireB .agalet nakumenem gnay nasuahek gnaro itrepes ajrekeb aiD .irid gnaroes

iD atireB adneoS akes iskader nipmimep iagabes tabajnem otriT , l takgnarepes sugi

nakukalem aguj otriT ,ini aynnauggnim isi iridnes silunem nialeS .aynnial isisop

sinimda ,iskerok ajrek higanem nad ,taruynem tarus ,nakatecrep surugnem ,isart

akum namalah iD .tecam gnay nanaggnal gnau iridnes atireB adneoS ulales

tareoS“ :silutret - gnaw nad tareos 41 p mirikid ajapeos narok ini taeob NEDAR ada

.”OJREOS IHDA OTRIT SAM 51 otriT aynrihka adap numaN kutnu naksutumem

iawagep takgnagnem alolegnem aynutnabmem kutnu atireB adneoS .

rabaK taruS :4 rabmaG atireB adneoS .

,reoT atnanA aydeomarP : rebmuS alumeP gnaS , ,atrakaJ 06.mlh ,3002 ,aratnapiD aretneL .

31 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT naasgnabeK sreP dabaeS B:I , atrakaJ. .53.mlh ,7002 ,eokeo 41 gnaU 51 ,aytidaR N arawsI ayraK - ojreoS ihdA otriT pakgneL ayrak .02.mlh,8002 ,eokeoB:I ,atrakaJ ,


05

halada naktibret otriT lisahreb gnay audek rabak taruS ijajirP nadeM gnay

.7091 iraunaJ 1 laggnat adap ilak amatrep tibret ijajirP nadeM id id katec

rocnaP id tamalareb gnay eiB gnejT gnohK nakatecrep aivataB ,na . 61 adaP

,aynalum ijajirP nadeM idajnem habureb naidumek nad nauggnim iagabes tibret

.irah paites tibret gnay nairah

asaib raul gnay ajrek aganet ikilimem gnamem otriT alolegnem malad

rabak tarus naktibrenem aguj ai 7091 nuhat adap aggnihes , nalidaeK heoleoS .

K heoleoS nalidae ini .ilakes nalub utas tibret ai ,ini agitek gnay aynrabak tarus iD

rutkader iagabes tabajnem - alapek . 71

ayntibret irad amal kadiT nalidaeK heoleoS naktibrenem aguj otriT , irteoP

aidniH .8091 iluJ 1 laggnat adap 81 aidniH irteoP gnay rabak tarus nakapurem

.atinaw muak kutnu nakujutid aneraK tarus akam ,atinaw muak kutnu nakujutid

kat gnay airp gnaroes ayniridnep nupiksem ,atinaw helo alolekid aguj ini rabak

dA otriT halada nial .ojreoS ih

.1 ladoM otriT rabaK taruS

tarus tapme naktibrenem lisahreb otriT ,srep ainud malad nujret amaleS

.rabak U bak tarus naktibrenem tapad kutn ,tubesret aynra iT ladom nakulremem otr

gnay nakanugid gnay ladoM .raseb otriT atrah nalaujnep irad lisah nakapurem ini

nagned habmatid aynadneb aro irad anad nautnab gn - B gnaro .iridnes uti aretupimu

irad lasareb salejrepmem kutnU anam ajas tubesret ladom , naksalejid naka akam

irad ialum utiay naturureb araces irP nadeM ,atireB adneoS nalidaeK heoleoS ,ijaj ,

nad aidniH irteoP .

61 dibI , .mlh .42 71 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po .07 .mlh , 81 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po .94 .mlh ,


15

gnay amatrep rabak taruS lisahreb halada otriT naktibretid atireB adneoS .

natibrenep anaD atireB adneoS laujnem arac nagned otriT helo naktapadid

gnarab - aivataB id ada gnay ayngnarab 91 nakirebid gnay nautnab anad aguj nad

R ,rujnaiC itapuB helo .A. .ajderidariwarP A 02 itapuB helo iayaibid nupikseM

,rujnaiC atireB adneoS hawab id kadit nad iridnam gnay rabak tarus nakapurem

.nupanam kahip nagnitnepek

atireB adneoS tibret paites nes 02 narece agrah nagned ilakes uggnim utas

ah nad romon atres nalubes nes 08 nanaggnal agr .nuhates 05,7 f 12 gnalibid heloB

lauj agrah atireB adneoS .laham gnologret nab ,uti babes helO nanaggnal irad kay

gnay nanaggnal gnau iridnes higanem surah otriT nad rayabmem tecam gnay otriT

.tubesret tecam malaD atireB adneoS tapme atres ,4091 ieM 1 ,II nuhaT ,9.oN

no : nakureynem otriT ayntukireb rom

aparebeB !!!halnakitahreP ,rebmetpeS nalub irad nahiganep ,sop isnatiukiraurbeF nad ,3091 rebotkO naigabes ,ilabmek hadus 06,2 f aynraseb 4091

gnay irad hitup matih rabak adait alup naigabes ,utkaw atnim silutretacabmem haletes halidus ,imak naparahnep raseb nagned akaM .higatid

ayapus ,imak adapek 06,2 f gnau uti mirik satnal ,ini atireB adneoS nagnaj!!! halnakitahreP .naigurek helo apmitid ulales 22

id nagnauek sisirk nakbabeynem aynrihka adap ini naadaeK adneoS

atireB . nakukalem otriT ,adnalem gnades gnay nagnauek sisirk hagnet iD

nanalajrep ek gnajnap ajar iumenem kutnu haread iagabreb - awaJ ualup raul id ajar

ini nanalajreP .nacaB natluS iumenem nad ukulaM kusamret ,arudaM nad

91 ,dibI .53.mlh 02 arawsI ,aytidaR N tic.po , .81.mlh 12 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po .16 .mlh , 22 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po , .02.mlh


25

5091 nuhat adap gnusgnalreb - .6091 nalajreP taubmem ini otriT nakukalid gnay na

atireB adneoS aynrihka nad ialakgnebret .tibret itnehreb 32

haread iagabreb ek otriT naigrepeK taubmem gnamem atireB adneoS

fitisop kapmadreb ini haread iagabreb ek aynnaigrepek numan ,tibret itnehreb

.ayntujnales otriT pudih nad rirak adap otriT ayngnajnap nanalajrep irad gnalupeS

hamitaF sesnirP gnoyobmem nacaB natluS irtup nakapurem gnay aynirtsi iagabes .

nalaggninepeS eoS atireB adn naktibrenem naidumek otriT , ijajirP nadeM .

ijajirP nadeM d lisahreb gnabmuynep aynada nagned naktibreti anad rasebret irad

R.A. nacaB natluS utiay aynrapi irad nad 000.1 f rasebes ajderidariwarP.A

.005 f rasebes hajS namseO 42

iD ijajirP nadeM is nakparenem otriT , narayabmep mets utiay akum id

.nanaggnal gnau uluhad hibelret rayabmem surah naggnalep uata ilebmep 52 ahasU

aynnaggnalep atnimem kutnu otriT kadit ini aynrabak tarus kutnu akum id rayab

nuhat adap ,ayntabikA .racnal nalajreb - ,tibret amatrep nuhat ijajirP nadeM hadus

atilusek malad tabilret n tubesret lah aynidajret gnorodnem gnay rotkaF .nagnauek

p nakijnajnem gnay naggnalep aratna id anerak abme akum id naray ulales kadit

.aynijnaj ihunemem helo ipadahid gnay nagnauek natiluseK ijajirP nadeM

num takreb isataid lisahreb aidesreb gnay dasrA dammahoM ijaH aynluc

.nautnab nakirebmem 62

32 dibI , .22.mlh 42 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po .1.mlh , 52 aydomarP ,reoT atnanA tic.po .96 .mlh , 62 dibI 07 .mlh , - .17


35

ayntibret nuhat iD ijajirP nadeM naktibrenem aguj otriT , heoleoS

nalidaeK A nalub adap ayntapet , .7091 lirp 72 nalidaeK heoleoS takreb tibret

agraH .dasrA.M.H utiay ahasugnep nad iyayirp arap irad anad nagnukud aynada

lauj nalidaeK heoleoS sebes halada ( ialehes uata romon 6 irad dilijes kutnu 5 f ra

mon utas ro .1 f agrah nagned ) ilebmem nigni gnay naggnalep igaB heoleoS

nalidaeK .akum id rayab surah akerem , nagned huaj adebreb kadiT ijajirP nadeM ,

nalidaek heoleoS helo naktabikaid gnay nagnauek halasam imalagnem aguj

.kusam gnay nalki ayntikides 82 gnauek halasam numaN na isahreb aguj ini l isataid

ajas aynlasim ,kusam gnay anad nautnab aynada nagned irad edaR airA itapidA n

targninidariwarP rebmem gnay i rasebes anad napusa 0001 nedlug . 92

S taru rabak halada naktibret otriT lisahreb gnay tapmeek aidniH irteoP .

aidniH irteoP utiay otriT kilim gnagad naahasurep irad anad nagned tibret VN

ijajirP nadeM . 03 aidniH irteoP tibret gnay nanaggnal agraH .ilak aud nalubes

acabmem asib kutnu rayabid surah aidniH irteoP .nuhates 5 f agrahes halada

aynnarayabmeP .nalub agit kutnu 52,1 f ayntikides gnilaP aguj id nakukalid

.akum 13

p nakrasadreB raseb naigabes awhab iuhatekid tapad sata id nasalejne

lisah nakapurem rabak tarus naktibrenem kutnu otriT nakanugid gnay ladom

nautnab malad kinu gnay arac ikilimem aguj otriT numaN .gnaro aparebeb irad

nuggnem utiay aynrabak tarus kutnu anad naklupmugnem nad naka takaraysam a

id ,againreb malad hibel rayabmem kutnu aynnanaggnal arap atnimem otriT anam

72 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po .34.mlh , 82 dibI .44.mlh , 92 medI 03 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .42 .mlh, 13 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po .05.mlh ,


45

aynpaggnaid naka gnay ,utnetret utkaw akgnaj kutnu aynnanaggnal gnau uluhad

hakgnal anad nakirebmem aidesreb takaraysam aliB .naahasurep mahas iagabes

tujnales gnay arac ,uti utkaw adaP .knab irad ladom nakanuggnem halada ayn

apurem otriT hupmetid ak ay arac n p naagainrep ainud malad urab gn .imubir 23

kusameP ay rabak tarus irad na otriT naktibretid gn d aynah kadit irad gnata

nalaujnep lisah nalki irad lasareb aguj naknialem ,iridnes uti rabak tarus - nalki

rabak tarus malad nakhaB .kusam gnay atireB adneoS em otriT , nakanuggn

irad naigab tapmerepes atireB adneoS nalki nagned isiid kutnu irad nakusameP .

sahreb ini nalki iskudorp ayaib hagnetes irad hibel putunem li irad atireB adneoS

iridnes uti . 33

.2 otriT kiliM rabaK taruS isI

utiay ailum gnay naipmi ikilimem gnay hokot nakapurem otriT

nakradaynem gnolonem nad kajej ,uti babes helO .nasadnitretek irad aynasgnab

srep ainud malad otriT hakgnal utiay ,salej gnay margorp ikilimem aretupimuB

egnep naktakgninem nagned asgnab napudihek naksadrecnem malad taykar nauhat

mep takaraysam nakpaisrepmem atres ,gnadib iagabreb gnosgnoynem kutnu acab

namaz .ignatadnem gnades gnay nredom 43

edotem uata arac ikilimem otriT akam ,ini aynnaipmi nakdujuwem imeD

gnay rabak tarus aliB .aynrabak tarus isignem malad urab gnologret gnay

kreb s asam id gnabme akerem rabak tarus isignem kutnu hilimem hibel aynmulebe

tarus nagned kadit akam ,hitup srep irad nilaynem uata pitugnem arac nagned

id ayntaykar nauhategnep naktakgninem kutnU .otriT helo alolekid gnay rabak

23 ,reoT atnanA aydomarP tic.po .mlh , 96 - .07 33 ,dibI .26 .mlh 43 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .mlh, .9


55

arus isignem ahasureb otriT akam ,gnadib alages amet nagned aynrabak t - amet

.nauhategnep umli nad napudihek isis aumes ripmah hutneynem gnay nakuB

aynrabak tarus isignem malad tabilret aynacabmep taubmem aguj otriT ,uti aynah

adap natapmesek nakirebmem otriT rabak tarus alolegnem malad anerak

ynacabmep a akerem naudagnep nakmirignem kutnu taruS .iskader adapek

malad taumid naidumek nad otriT helo bawajid naidumek tubesret naudagnep

.aynrabak tarus irad aynnasalu nahab naktapadnem aguj otriT gnaraj kat nakhaB

niamreb ayngnusgnal namalagnep - up taked id niam tare ini laH .naasaukek tas

stueH nav laredneJ runrebuG nagned aynnatakedek nagned aynnagnubuh z .

nahatniremep kuleb kules gnatnet otriT nauhategnep ,ini aynnatakedek iulaleM

rabak tarus taubmem ini laH .habmatreb nikames idajnem otriT taumem kaynab

gnatnet id amaturet ,mukuh nad hatniremep nagned natiakreb gnay usi nadeM

ijajirP . 53 gnisam irad isi anamiagab salej hibel kutnU - ,otriT rabak tarus gnisam

: utas rep utas araces naksalejid naka tukireb

atireB adneoS .namalah 61 ikilimem gnay rabak tarus nakapurem

rep namalaH saleb agit namalah iapmas amat macam iagabreb isireb gnay nasilut

.nalki isireb rihkaret namalah agit aratnemes ,iridnes otriT helo silutid 63 nalkI

taumid gnay atireB adneoS id ,hagnenem nad raseb naahasurep irad lasareb

irad aynaratna regO avaJ letoH dnarG ,sererF isnarusA ,gnoH keT oiT maj okot ,

pluH negiE , yrheW oeG yniagabes nad oC nad .a 73

iulaleM atireB adneoS triT , adareb gnay aumes nakhapmunem o mala id

naacab nahab idajnem kusam otriT itregnemid gnay gnadib alageS .aynnarikip

53 dibI .83 .mlh , 63 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po .53.mlh , 73 ,reoT atnanA aydomarP tic.po .26 .mlh ,


65

naijas malad kiranem gnay atireB adneoS . nakatakid asiB atireB adneoS

gilakes nad nahuratrep idajnem gnay oirbme nakapurem ek amatrep kujnutep su

.lanoisan araces aynasgnab huluynem malad otriT naaikednecek nuya hara anam 83

atireB adneoS id ridah gnay ek daba lawa - narageynep nakirebmem ini 02

nakanerakid ini laH .isi iges malad atireB adneoS nakijaynem atireb - gnay atireb

tukgnaynem rotkes ,mukuh ,kitilop ,imonoke ,laisos itupilem gnay napudihek

nagned artsas nakhab ,ayadub ,nauhategnep umli ,naretkodek nad natahesek

ilakeseS .nagnayawep atirec nad kednep atirec naklipmanem otriT nasilut lisah

B hatniremep taubmem upmam aguj kutabret adnale - .kutab 93

B adneoS atire lekitra nakridahgnem aguj - itrepes ,atinaw gnatnet lekitra

kasam - malus ,kasamem - ,maluynem idrob r- tihaj ,ridrobmem - nasuru ,tihajnem

nial nad aggnat hamur - .nial 04 ikilimem aguj otriT awhab nakkujnunem ini laH

.uti asam adap atinaw muak padahret naitahrep

tiakreT gned kireb hotnoc tapadret ,nalki na la id kinu gnay n atireB adneoS

nagned lanek atik gnarakes gnay txet gninnur id lucnum gnay sirab atireb inkay ,

.isivelet hawab rayal hawab naigab namalah paites id ada uti nalki siraB

( etontoof id sket nagned ) adebreb nad labet silut - iretam adeb txet gninnur - .ayn 14

atireB adneoS gnay otriT tanim aumes gnupmanem tapmet nakapurem

ameT .ayak gnamem - ameT .saul tagnas nakijasid gnay amet - ini aynnasilut amet

id hacepid irah naidumek - gnisam ayngnaur itapmenem aggnih hacep - gnisam id

narok - itrepes aynnarok ijajirP nadeM , nalidaeK heoleoS nad aidniH irteoP .

83 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po , .81 .mlh 93 medI . 04 ,reoT atnanA aydomarP tic.po .36 .mlh , 14 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po .73.mlh ,


75

ijajirP nadeM gnuratreb nadem idajnem gnay rabak tarus nakapurem

asarem gnay gnaro paiteS .nasadninep irad ayntaykar alebmem kutnu otriT

kahip uata ,lainolok tarapa helo lida kadit nakukalrepid nad sadnitid - ,nial kahip

em nakhalisrepid iskader ek aynnahulek nakudagn ijajirP nadeM naidumek gnay

otriT helo inagnatid areges naka . 24

ijajirP nadeM iawagep isatum utiay patet kirbur ikilimem aynrasad adap

narabmel nanilas ,iregen aragen tarus ,aynnaripmal nad - nad kusam tarus

,aynnabawaj atres taruS .gnubmasreb atirec - atres aynnabawaj nad acabmep tarus

iskader asaj nairebmep iagabes mukuh nautnab nairebmep ijajirP nadeM halini

.gnabmekreb ini alakreb taubmem naidumek gnay 34

nasiluT - malad otriT nasilut ijajirP nadeM asabreb hanrep kadit - ipat ,isab

hatnum nad kubmacret gnaro kaynab taubmem nad gnusgnal akum kujnunem

gnay taykar naktarebmem gnay lainolok nakajibek nup utas ada kat ripmaH .harad

ad solol naatirebmep ir ijajirP nadeM hanrep gnay lanekret gnay susak utas halaS .

ewaK id arakrep halada otriT silutid .ojerowruP perkgnaC nanad ijajirP nadeM

ay asahab nagned n kalb g - tahaj nalokgnokesrep gnatnet lekitra taumem nakalb

aratna ruelortnoC tnaripsA onotnesorojT anadeW nagned nomiS A ojerowruP

.agraw nagnukud tapadnem kadit gnay nagnapaB aseD harul takgnagnem gnay

uti gnanewew naanughalaynep tahilem harama helo rakabreT , tubeynem otriT

.nasugni uata ketenep teynom iagabes tubesret tabajep 44 gnay lekitra tukireB

nagned aynsusak nagned tiakret otriT silutid ruelotnoC tnaripsA .nomiS .A

24 ,aytidaR N arawsI ,tic.po .32 ,mlh 34 tnanA aydomarP ,reoT a tic.po .07 .mlh , 44 aR kifuaT ,kkd ,nezh tic.po 2.mlh , .


85

malad taumid ini lekitrA ijajirP nadeM luduj nagned 8091 inuJ 03 laggnat 42 oN

”nakitraiD nagnolotreP eotaS apateB“ : 54

idaj ada amal ,ojerowruP perkgnaC onodeW ,otnosorkojT saM nanaggnal ijajirP nadeM orkojT saM ulal halet gnay nalub aparebeb akam ,

eokotriT .M.R adap tarus mirik ada uti rutkader idaj hisam ini utkaw ,omoss ini irad ini nanaggnal idaj irad itnehreb atnim uti aaM awhab rabak taru

anamiagabes nalajreb kadit ualaw ini naatnimreP .nauggnim tarus.halnaklubakid aynitsem

apmaynem orkojT saM aynsuraheS itnehreb naatnimrep tarus naki aynkadites ,isartsinimda adap uti nanaggnal idaj adap ruetcaderdfooh 64

saM babes apA .dasrA.M.H ,amrif adap turut gnay idaj ada aguj gnay id iskader uata isartsinimda adap ayntarus nakiapmaynem kadit orkojT isartsinimda uata atik anerak ,atik igab ilakes paleg aynhuggnuses rogoB

ilakes kadit - .uti onodew sam adap nahalasek ada ilak gnay lah naidajek asib hadus apateb atik atayn hibel amal hibeL

aro nuphuggnus akam acabmep adap atayn itnan iagabes nad ,uti hena gnnagnolotrep naka itregnem halas agajnem naka nakukal atik gnay

iyayirp aynnatamalesek - aynnatamalesek nakitahrepmem nagned iyayirp.licek gnaro

rogoB id atik adap gnatad akam hadus gnay nalub aparebeBnapaB aseD id laggnit ojdremidoreoS aman ased gnaroes kirtsiD ,nag

idaj taub hilipid hadus ai aynlah nakudagnem ada ojdemidoreoS .perkgnaC ,gnaroes ilaucekret harul idaj hilip gnay aumes ,tubesret ased id harul

kadit akitek ,gnaro kaynab tapad halaid aggnihes ,aid hilimem aguj haduses araus kaynab tapad gnay gnay araus gnaruk kaynab ada aud romon gnad

id .tapad gnay aporE gnaroes irad nagnajnut tapad ada aud romon ogaj akaM araus tapad kadit iksem gnay ogaj adap hamures lupmuk ada gnarakes nad ,harul idaj takgnaid aguj hadus ojdremidoreoS itrepes kaynab utigeb aynnakiabek naka ,uti naut naka ased gnaro naaracib nad tapadnep apa

gnay harul nagned inis id nakaracibid ulrep kat uti harul idaj kah ada kadit aporE asgnab aynesitserp naka kayal kadit gnay aguj ada uti lah irad niales

.inis id d nahilip akitek ,uam apA gnaroes helo ialapekid nakukali

paatons 74 utas irad reulortnoc tnaripsa 84 ,otnosorkojT saM , onodew tokiobmem hadus gnay tubesret ijajirP nadeM ,nanaggnal itnehreb helo

hanamokeoS nad iwaneB ,harul gnaro aud nad naut uti ridah aguj ada ,aud - hadus araus gnaruk iksem gnay ,aud romon ogaj is irad ylimaf aynaud

ojdemidoreoS gnay tahil naidumek ini gnaro aud ;harul nakidajid agujab gnaro helo hilipid kiranem ulal kayn - hilip gnay gnaro kiran

54 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po 663.mlh , - 073 . 64 iskader nipnimeP 74 nasugni teynoM 84 sawagnep nolaC


95

uruh idajret uti anerak nad ,uti ojdemidoreoS - ojdemidoreoS akam ,arah.tubir nikib hadus awkadid ,isilop ek awabid ulal

mukuhid hadus ojdemidoreoS ,igal askirepid kadit nad nahilip adaPnem satnal nad lakark irah 41 hasus utneT .aynnamukuh naknalaj

tapad hadus aid anam id harul idaj takgnaid asib kadit ojdemidoreoSgnaret anam namukuh ,irah 41 lakark mukuh - tain ada kadit akij gnaredneb

kadit aduk nataukek 04 nagned libom nagned gnorosid naka 2 romon ogajp hutaj itnan ± haletes enebatoN .ini ayainaid nad iracid gnay gnaro ada 21

nagned ased nahatniremep idaj ajrekeb nuhat rednoz 94 tapad hadus ijag.rutaret gnay iregen utas irad nahatniremep irad apur utigeb nasalabmep

muynes atiK .nagnudnilrep atnim atik adap gnatad ojdemidoreoS irS irad nagnudnilrep tapad kah ada ai gnay aynadap atirec satnal atik nad

raseB nautrepiD gnaY akudaP laareneG ruenrevuoG gnajnapes ,nad iregeN kanA imak adap amaturet gnay akudaP irS nabijawek atik

:aynadap gnalib - maidreb ada utis iD ?ukhamur gnakaleb id anatsi uti uhat uaK

ada ilaw inI .zstueH nav nauT akudaP irS utiay ,gnaro atik ilaw ualak ,gnaro umak adap ilakes akus nad lida gnay gnaroes

adap tarus mirik uka gnarakes ,ayacrep kadit umak aynnaduja itnan nad uti lida gnay ilaw padahgnem helob umak ayapus naknanekrepid umak nad nasalab tapad uka utnet aguj eros ada aid babes ajar aynup umak utiay ,akudaP irS padahgnem gnaro atik ajar uti apais uat uak ,gnaro atik ajar likaw idaj

?awaJ - !uhaT - ?apaiS - oloS nanuS - kadiT utaus uhat bijaw kadit aid , irS utiay umajaR .apa

,atnicret nad anaskajib aham gnay ajar uti ,animlehliW adnigaBanam id ruyhsam - .anam

- ulud gnalib itsem padahgnem uam licek gnaro ualak ,aynataK?iregen alapek adap

- oB itnan ajas tahil ,umilaw aynlida uhat uam ualak ipat ,idaj hel?itregnem ,uti tarus aynnasalab eros tapad atik uti eroS .halas kadit ,naD gnay anatsi irad nasalab

.nakutnetid gnay maj nad irah adap padahgnem helob ojdemidoreoSyal aynidat gnay ojdemidoreoS nasalab uhat hisak atik haletes ,tukat nad u

naka ijup sibah kadit nad ilakes gnarig nad rages idaj ada anatsi irad.adnalO aidniH ilaw aynnalidaek

ayapus nohomreb nad padahgnem ojdemidoreoS ,atak kednePeb kadit aid aynhuggnuses anerak ,tubacid aynnamukuh akudaP irS .asodr.arakrep uti askirep hatinem puggnasreb ulal raseB nauT

id ,atrakajgoJ irad gnalup atik igales akam alup amal kadit aratnA ada urtsuj gnay ,ojdemidoreoS helo ratnebes itnehreb atnipid atik ojraotuK

94 apnaT


06

atiK .ojerowruP ek igrep naka nuisats id aid nad aynnaatnimrep naklubak apateb atirec helo utiay ,askirepid hadus aynnanohomrep paatons irad

ruelortnoc tnaripsa helo nad tubesret hadus gnay otnosorkojT saM tokiobmem ijajirP nadeM .

tubac atnim aid aynulrep apa aynatid hadus ojdemidoreoS helo nakukalid uti naaynatreP .aynnamukuh ruelortnoc tnaripsa huggnuS .

halas kadit nad apur utigeb naaynatrep ada hadus ini oynis ilakes hena itrepes gnadnap atik ini oynis ualak paatons awagep aratna .nahatniremep i

gnaro ,aynaman nahisrebek irac gnay gnaro ,acabmep halaboC ,aynnamukuh tubacid atnim aynulrep apa aynatid hadus ,aynkah irac gnay

irac namukuh ,has kadit gnay namukuh enebaton - gnay namukuh ,irackides gnay imubirP aynkah nakgnalihgnem hadus adap aynbawajid ajas ti

aynnaaynatrep eissimmoC traavleW . 05 igal hena hibelreT tnaripsaruelortnoc taub sokgno nakraulek hadus ojdemidoreoS apareb aynaT uti

,aid gnolonem gnay gnaro sud .atik taub asauK ahaM gnaY nahuT hallA idoreoS , hamur id kodnom ojdem

naknikib atik ,nakam hisak atik ,atik tseuqer 15 nakileb atik , legez 25 utas , id atik kajes gnameM .sokgno nakraulek kadit ojdemidoreoS nup nes

utas nakirid hadus nawatrah agit aud ada rogoB sdnof rebmem taubgnaro adap nagnolot - iskader naratnal naranebek irac gnay niksim gnaro

ijajirP nadeM . ualak gnarakeS ruelortnoc tnaripsa ,apur utigeb naaynatrep adaraneb uhat gnay atik apa - ,awaJ ,adnuS asahab nad tada uhat raneb ,uyaleM

dit atik anam nauhatek gnaro nagned rudnum itnan ka - tapad gnay gnaro.tada iadnap nad asahab iadnap naraleg

gnay ,gnarakes nagnapaB haruL adap aynaT asib kadit atik hakapA nakaynabek aynakus nagned kadit nad kah nagned kadit harul idaj hadus

elob ini lah( nagnapaB id licek gnaro sokgno apareb ,)gnarakes naknikay h adap niraulek hadus aid ruelortnoc tnaripsa saM adap uata hakuti

araus kaynab tapadnem kadit iksem ,aid ajas kadit aggnihes otnosorkojT harul idaj hilipid taub ojdemidoreoS itrepes hot nad aguj harul idaj hadus

eb iapmas hadus ,halas aynup kadit gnay ojdemidoreoS aggnihes sarek utig amales aynaites nad asaj nasalabmep itrepes ,irah 41 lakark mukuhid

.iregen anug naka nad aynadap nuhat 21 ± ajrekeb haruL adap aynhatit anerak nad onodew sam aynnagnomo aneraK

d gnay ,nagnapaB uti akam ,ayacrep atik gnay iskas helo aguj ragnediutkaw adap kawak kotek satnal atik tnegeR atnim naka ,ojerowruP

irebid nad ignudnilrepid ojdemidoreoS diehrekezsthcer . 35 uhat nigni atik ini ojdemidoreoS arakrep aynnahadusek apA .

uti arakrep ajagnes nad ,inis id kisu atik kadit ini arakrep ajagneS adap nakiapmas atik naknialem laareneG ruenrevuoG ayapus aynulrep ,

tokiob hadus otnosorkojT anam id ipatet ,kahip aud gnolonem iskader

05 naarethajesek isimoK 15 nanohomreP 25 iaretaM 35 mumu naitsapeK


16

ijajirP nadeM lasek anerak aynitregnem halas atayn id nad iridnes naha hadus ini itor narakabmep irad gnatam urab gnay ruelortnoc tnaripsa anam

iskader aman nakiabek sata kiab gnaruk gnay naagud aynup nadeMijajirP .

ini lah aynulrepes nakaracibmem gnarakes atik nabijawek akaMajar nagro malad - wasgnab ,ajar ayadreb gnay ,ini .l.l.d ,iyayirp ,lusu na

tabatram nad tajared nakkiabmem naka ayapu nakujamem nad uti akerem helo nakukalid hadus gnay itrepes nataubrep anam anerak taykar nad hanat kadit uti ojdemidoreoS arakrep malad ruelortnoc tnaripsa nad orkojT saM igab kayal kadit uti utigeb nataubrep anerak ,nakiynubmesid helob agajnem ayacrepid nad hatniremem naasaukek irebid gnay iawagep ada naikimed nataubreP .uti hodob gnay iregeN kanA aynnatamalesek

nad orkojT nakataynem ruelortnoc tnaripsa aud - iawagep aynaud tusugnep saila raaleddorb raanetbma 45 uata raarepputs raanetbma 55 .

S.A.T

tubesret nalokgnokesrep silunem malad aynnainarebeK ai taubmem

helo awkadid C tnaripsA ruelortno nomiS .A halasreb nakataynid otriT ayntabikA .

nad macnaret 52 lasap ianekid tnemelgersrepkurD 65 nad habuid halet gnay

: iynubreb gnay ,4 oN 6091 teraM 91 laggnat naajareK namriF helo iurahabrepid 75

adned nad nuhat utas iapmas nalub utas irad arajnep namukuh nagneD “amasreb ,005 f iapmas 01 f irad gnau -s mukuhid uti aud aratna utas naama

tarus aynayad anerak nakukalid gnay ,natapmu uata naalecnep ,naatsinep -a nakrasadid gnay nakatec tarus ,nakraisret uata laujret ,naknotnotid uat

nadab uata mumu iawagep adap nakanekid - hibel iakgnaret mumu nadabatames ayngnaro kadit awhab aguj iksem gnaroes adap - nad kujnutid atam

iawagep uti hakapa iludep kadit - laggnitreb ada naasaukek nadab iawagepegen id nial malad naajarek uata ,aynnahajaj malad uata adnalO ir - nial

uata naatsinep mukuhid aguj uti namukuh nagneD .ini ainud naigabnaajarek adap sata id araces nakukalid gnay natapmu - uata gnisa naajarek

alapek - alapek uata gnisa naajarek irad alapek - rad alapek nahatniremep inasutu adap aguj utigeb ,gnisa - gnay natahajek natutnuneP .gnisa nasutu

”!anihid gnay kahip aynawkad sata naidajek lasap ini malad tubesret

susak malaD ayn nagned otriT ,ini nomiS .A m tapadne irad nagnukud

D agraw .nagnapaB ase aynnagnukud nakpakgnugnem nagnapaB aseD agraW

45 hoborec tabajeP 55 hodob tabajeP 65 kateC nad sreP gnatnet narutareP 75 N arawsI ,aytidaR tic.po .173 .mlh ,


26

sop iulalem tarus silunem nagned ay n rogoB id naktamalaid g tubesret taruS .

d otriT helo nad awaJ furuh malad siluti malad taumid tubesret tarus ijajirP nadeM

gnarO ayntareoS“ luduj nagned - aP nagnapaB aseD gnarO .”P.M .deRdfooH ad

otriT aguj tubesret awaJ asahabreb gnay taruS alad nakhamejret uyaleM asahab m .

tubesret tarus irad isi nupadA :naikimed iynubreb 85

“ ihdA otriT saM nedaR tamrohret gnay adap nakhabmesreT iskadeR nipmimeP ,ojreoS irP nadeM ijaj .rogoB id

.1 :imak ,ini nagneD orkidoteoS ,ojojD mamiH.2 ,om.4 ,osrakneognaM.3 helo awkadid akudap ualakij rabak ragned ,piraktaM

nauT ruelortnoC tnaripsA hadus akudap arakrep ianegnem ojerowruPnamet nagned abmah adap gnolot - .)gnaro( 632 halmujes aumes namet

632 imak ,adnedid naut akudap ualakij ritawahk nagnaj uti lah gnatneT babes lida kadit naut aynnasutup uti gnamem ,rayab puggnasreb gnaro

2 romon aguj irebid kadit 1 romon aguj nasutupek nasutupek aynirebidgnaro naut akudap uam idaj gnay apa nakaliS .nasutupek - licek gnaro

.nalidaek nohomreb gnay nagnapaB ”

irad nagnukud tapadnem otriT awhab raneb gnamem aynnataynek adaP

et ai numan ,nagnapaB aseD agraw inalajnem surah nad ini susak malad halak pat

ek nagnaubmep utiay namukuh gnuteB kuleT .nalub aud amales kadit otriT

namukuh amirenem ikilimem otriT anerak arajnep mutaigelivirp murof 95 .

tiakreT .9091 rebotkO 81 laggnat adap ini namukuh nakpatenem nalidagneP

”,atakreb otriT ,ini nagnaubmep namukuh nagned anerak gnaubid halet ayaS

gnaroes naukalek kisugnem ruelortnoc tnaripsa tamilak nakanuggnem nagned

kutnu gnarebes hanat ek takgnareb otriT ,0191 teraM 81 adaP .”nakanihgnem

.aynnagnaubmep asam inalajnem 06

85 ,dibI .783.mlh 95 iggnit nawasgnab helo ikilimid gnay awemitsi kaH tapad nad aretupimuB irad nakradnihgnem

tarebes ,mukuh arakrep tukgnasret akij arajnep namukuh - namukuh halada namukuh ayntareb.nakgnisaid/gnaub

06 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .mlh , 93 - .04


36

sum kilab iD aynnainarebek tabika imala otriT gnay habi nakpakgnugnem

naranebek , ,ini susak taweL .ini susak irad fitisop kapmad helorepmem aguj otriT

ijajirP nadeM aguj otriT ,uti aynah nakuB .dnalredeN id srep naitahrep tapadnem

toggnA nagned nalanekreb natapmesekreb adnaleB hadneR silejaM a

aggnih retneveD nav hT C rM site kitilop akumep nad loK.nav.HH.rI nadeM

ijajirP .aporE natarad id iapmas asib aynrihka adaP ijajirP nadeM idajnem nup

.nakaregrep rabak tarus iagabes tubesid aynrihka gnay apa irad amatrep ledom 16

aynpudiH ijajirP nadeM nakaregrep rabak tarus iagabes ignipmadid aguj

nagned nalidaeK heoleoS irad ajas nalub aparebeb gnales ridah gnay nadeM

ijajirP iauseS . ,aynaman nagned K heoleoS nalidae atireb naknurunem kaynab -

,uti babes helO .mukuh halasam ratupes atireb sdalbtaatS 26 nakraulekid gnay

sadninem nasekret gnay adnaleB aidniH hatniremep taykar tapadnem gnusgnal

irad kitirk nalidaeK heoleoS . nalidaeK heoleoS unem ulales aguj gnalu sil

awitsirep - id taumid gnay mukuh awitsirep ijajirP nadeM . nakhaB heoleoS

nalidaeK mukuh nakgnidnabmem gnires aguj - .malsI mukuh nad lainolok mukuh 36

naktibrenem aguj otriT ,nalaggnitek kaT aidniH irteoP . laH - gnay lah

atupes utiay ini utas gnay rabak tarus malad sahabid nupadA .naupmerep ainud r

kirbur malad nakaidesid gnay aidniH irteoP ,tayakih ,kednep atirec halada

nad ,narubih nad nakitnacek natawarep ,kana naarahilemep ,aidniH naupmerep

agraulek halasam .aynimaus inayalem irtsi arac anamiagab atres 46

16 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po .3 .mlh , 26 n narabmeL arage 36 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po mlh , 34. - .44 46 dibI .05.mlh ,


46

.3 otriT kiliM rabaK taruS isgnuF

m srep uata rabak tarus ,aynrasad adaP isgnuf ikilime : tukireb iagabes

,nakgnubuhgnem isgnuf ,kididnem isgnuf ,)naatirebmep( isamrofni rabeynep

iagabes isgnuf nad mumu tapadnep kutnebmep nad rulaynep iagabes isgnuf

.laisos lortnok 56 tarus adap rabmagret gnay halaguj ini isgnuf amileK - rabak tarus

.otriT kilim

gabes isgnuF tapad isamrofni rabeynep ia id nagned itsap araces iuhatek

acabmem irad amatrep niop silutret gnay sasa napaled akum namalah id nadeM

ijajirP ,isamrofni nakirebmem : nial aratna tubesret sasa napaled iynub nupadA .

aisret gnaro tapmet ,mukuh nautnab nakirebmem ,nalidaek huluynep idajnem - ais

nakudagnem kutnu aynasgnab nakkareggnem ,naajrekep iracnem ,aynlah

nakujamem nad naknugnabmem ,irid nakisasinagrognem nad isasinagroreb

.nagnagadrep ahasu nagned aynasgnab taukrepmem atres ,aynasgnab 66

iulaleM .otriT rabak tarus malad salej tahilret tagnas aguj kididnem isgnuF

nagned aisenodnI taykar kididnem ahasureb aguj otriT ,alolek ai gnay rabak tarus

napudihek rotkes iagabreb tukgnaynem gnay nasilut iagabreb nakijaynem ,

anegnem nauhategnep kusamret hisam akitek naktapad ai gnay naretkodek umli i

AIVOTS id kudud taykar nauhategnep naktakgninem kutnu naujutreb ini laH .

.uti asam adap aisenodnI

isgnuF alolekid gnay rabak tarus malad tahilret aguj nakgnubuhgnem

nagnem inis id nakgnubuhgnem isgnuF .otriT rabak tarus anamid naitregnep gnud

nagned utas gnay aragen agraw aratna laisos nagnubuh utaus nakaraggneleynem

56 ,F ,idamhcaR id sreP metsiS fitpirkseD sisilanA : sreP metsiS nagnidnabreP arageN iagabreB ,02.mlh ,0991 ,aidemarG ,atrakaJ - .12

66 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po .1.mlh ,


56

hokot aratna nad aynnial aragen agraw - gnaro nagned nakatirebid gnay hokot -

acabmep idajnem gnay gnaro .tubesret hokot ianegnem atireb 76

mumu tapadnep kutnebmep nad rulaynep iagabes rabak tarus isgnuF ini

pukuc ini utas gnay isgnuf nakhaB .otriT rabak tarus malad tahilret tagnas salej

otriT rabak tarus malad isanimodnem malad aynsusuhk , ijajirP nadeM ini laH .

gnaro nakhalisrepmem otriT nakanerakid - hasek hulek silunem kutnu gnaro

.aynrabak tarus id akerem

malad gnitnep tagnas gnay isgnuf nakapurem aguj laisos lortnok isgnuF

rabak tarus nanalajrep - uata srep helo laisos lortnok isgnuF .otriT rabak tarus tarus

rabak nad nagnukgnil sawagnep iagabes katelret adapek nakujutid raseb naigabes

.ayntarapa nad hatniremep 86 rabak tarus malad tahilret salej gnay aguj ini laH

rabak tarus adap anamid ,otriT ayn padahret kitirk nakukalem ulales otriT

mep nakajibek kitirkgnem ulales otriT aguj nad taykar inabebmem gnay hatnire

nagned iauses kadit gnay ayntarapa nupuam hatniremep naukalek uata nakadnit

.ada gnay nautnetek

bak tarus isgnuF otriT ra adap satabret aynah kadit .sata id isgnuf amil

gnay emsilanoisan pakiS awabmem aynnaataynek adap otriT helo ikilimid

tarus aynmulebes asam adap aliB .alolek ai gnay rabak tarus isgnuf adap huragnep

,nasilut laujnem nad isamrofni rabeynep iagabes isgnufreb gnurednec hibel rabak

agabes isgnufreb rabak tarus otriT nagnat id akam em nagnaujrep tala i alebm

otriT rabak tarus taubmem gnay halini isgnuf nad ,sadnitret gnay ayntaykar

.aisenodnI asgnab igab taafnamreb nad ankamreb idajnem

76 ,idamhcaR ,F tic.po .12.mlh , 86 medI


66

.4 naggnaleP iracneM otriT araC

aruS utnet naggnalep apnat rabak t a kadit halada naggnaleP .aynitra ad

kaynab nikameS .naagainrep ahasu utaus malad gnitnepret rusnu utas halas

iracnem kutnu numaN .ahasu utaus igab sugab nikames akam naggnalep

helo nakukalid gnay nuputigeB .ahasu utaus nakulrepid kaynab gnay naggnalep

ahret otriT .aynnarabaktarusrep ahasu pad

utas halaS .arac iagabreb nakukalem otriT ,naggnalep naktapadnem kutnU

rep gnay arac gnay idabirp natagnahek nagned halada aynnakukalid han

ai ,aynikilimid acabmep itakednem - tile acabmep tarus nanaggnalreb uam kutnu

H .aynrabak nipmimem gnades ai akitek aynnakukalid ini la atireB adneoS amaN . -

aynrabak tarus malad id aynnaktubesid ini itaked ai lisahreb gnay rasebmep aman

tuki raga ayntakaraysam arap kajagnem kutnu - .aynrabak tarus ilebmem natuki

haduS mala mukuh idajnem amal kajes gnay apa itukignem naka taykar awhab

.tubesret lah naka luteb radas otriT aynkapmat nad aynnipmimep nakukalid

natluS irS ,oloS nanuhusuS irS halada otriT silutid gnay rasebmep aman nupadA

targninidorsoS itapidA gnejnaK ,kaiS ,iatuK ,ileD ,kanaitnoP ,ajgoJ imubukgnaM ,

.oloS 96

mem akiteK mi nip atireB adneoS malad igetarts ikilimem aguj otriT ,

iamanem otriT .aynnaggnalep tanim kiranem atireB adneoS naajneopek“ nagned

.”imeobirP imak atireB adneoS kub hurules kilim ipat nagnarorep kilim halna

gnutnaj kated irad nakhasipret kat gnay naigab idajnem nad aretupimuB

96 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po , .73 .mlh


76

.aretupimuB napudihek 07 ,uti babes helO atireB adneoS naitahrep kiranem kaynab

.uti asam adap imubirp taykar

rabak tarus aynrasad adaP - rabak tarus nakapurem otriT natibret rabak tarus

ilimem gnay naijaS .iggnit pukuc ialin ik isamrofni nakirebmem aynah kadit aynisi

kaynab nakijaynem aynrabak tarus anerak kididnem rusnu ada aguj naknialem

.aynacabmep nauhategnep umli natakgninep igab taafnamreb gnay lekitra

id igal hibelreT ijajirP nadeM acabmep kutnu tapmet nakaideynem otriT , ayn

naalebmep nakirebmem aidesreb otriT nad akerem hasek hulek nakhulegnem

kirat ayad idajnem hadus aynutnet ini laH .sadnitid gnay akerem padahret

rabak tarus nanaggnalreb uam takaraysam irad kaynab aggnihes ,iridnesret nadeM

ijajirP rabak tarus iagabeS . ,uyaleM ijajirP nadeM gnay rabak tarus kusamret

gnay naggnalep 0002 iapacnem utiay ,kaynab gnologret gnay naggnalep ikilimem

nakapurem hadus nup aidniH id aporE nairah kutnu“ :sekniR naropal turunem

hibel ,sugab halmuj - ”…uyaleM nairah kutnu hibel 17

.C s otriT ipadahiD gnay natabmaH sreP alolegneM amale

.1 K natiluseK nagnaue

gnires gnay halasam idajnem aynkapmat nagnauek natilusek halasaM

ai gnay rabak tarus aumes ripmaH .srep alolegnem otriT ahasu malad idajret

m id ajas aynlasiM .nagnauek sisirk imalagnem ikili atireB adneoS s , halete

,tibret nalub nalibmes tubesret rabak tarus agit amales natecamek imalagnem

07 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .91.mlh , 17 kifuaT ,kkd ,nezhaR tic.po .mlh , .2


86

bika nalub adnalem gnay nagnauek sisirk ta kaf nupadA . nakbabeynem gnay rot

uek sisirk id nagna atireB adneoS : halada 27

.a aynrihka adap tubesret rabak tarus iridnes nakajregnem alumes gnay otriT

naahasurep inabebmem urtsuj ataynret gnay iawagep takgnagnem surah .

.b ay naggnalep aynkaynaB otriT igab tilus aggnihes ,narayabmep kaggnunem gn

muleb gnay naggnalep id nahatret anerak ada gnay ladom ratumem kutnu

.rayab

patet aI .asa sutupreb kadit satnal otriT ,ini itrepes naataynek ipadahgneM

e ajrekeb m ,aynasgnab naiadnapek nakujamem anug artsk muleb hisam ai nupikse

iturunem ajrekeb kaynab hibel otriT .tubesret aynahasu lisah kitemem asib

kutnu aynemsilaedi utiay aynitah nanigniek ihunemem narikip lawagnep“ idajnem

.akaleb gnutnu iracnem radekes irad hibel ”mumu

s adnalem aguj nagnauek natiluseK rabak taru ijajirP nadeM nad heoleoS

nalidaeK id idajret gnay nagnauek natiluseK . ijajirP nadeM nad nalidaeK heoleoS

kadit akum id rayabmem kutnu ijnajreb gnay naggnalep arap anerak nakbabesid

aynijnaj ihunemem des uapmalret aguj kusam gnay nalkI . ihes tiki aggn

usamep ignarugnem .nak uti babeynep aud nialeS gnay babeynep utas ada ,

aynraseb ulalret utiay idajret gnay nagnauek natilusek irad idalek gnaib idajnem

ayad iulalem nikgnum tapeces nagned aynasgnab nakujamem kutnu otriT usfan

.katec 37 sataid asib ini nagnauek natilusek numaN i irad nautnab aynada nagned

nakhaB .dasrA.M.H ,dasrA.M.H amasreb nakiridnem lisahreb aguj otriT

amanreb gnay gnagad naahasurep ijajirP nadeM VN .

27 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po ,, .02 .mlh 37 ,reoT atnanA aydomarP tic.po .27 .mlh ,


96

ad kadit aguj otriT aynkapmaT .kiab nagned aynnagnauek alolegnem tap

gnay aynnapudihek atres isasinagroreb kubis tagnas otriT nakanerakid ini laH

.tubesret aynrabak tarus rakab nahab aynsibah tapecrepmem sorob 47

.2 H id laredneJ runrebuG naitnagreP adnaleB aidni

lisahreb otriT ,silanruj gnaroes iagabes rirak naknalajnem amaleS

laredneJ runrebuG nahatniremep asam adap naayajek helorepmem sennahoJ

sutcideneB zstueH nav . laredneJ runrebuG nakanerakid ini laH B.J zstueH nav

srep gnadib id naraggnolek nakirebmem otriT ,aynnahatniremep asam adaP .

.silunem kutnu nasabebek ikilimem idabirp natakedek ikilimem otriT nakhaB

laredneJ runrebuG nagned zstueH nav .B.J . itamkinid gnay naayajek numaN

laredneJ runrebuG nahatniremep asames B.J zstueH nav gnaruk otriT taubmem

em gnay tabajep kaynab ada awhab ,adapsaw aynadapek madned napmiyn anerak

aynnasilut tawel otriT helo nakhutajid halet runrebuG akitek ,uti babes helO .

laredneJ zstueH nav.B.J laredneJ runrebuG nagned itnagid grubnedI T kaynab otri

.halasam naktapadnem

husum helo nakanugid adnaleB aidniH id iggnitret asaugnep naitnagreP -

laredneJ runrebuG nakududeK .madned salabmem kutnu otriT husum grubnedI

am muleb gnay A natagug nakpudihgnem kutnu naktaafnamid gnusgnal nap

asames gnay ,nomiS zstueH nav otriT aynrihka adap nad nakukebid hadus

.tubesret susak sata halasreb nakataynid 57

47 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po .3 .mlh , 57 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .93 .mlh ,


07

rabmaG 5 grubnedI laredneJ runrebuG nad zstueH nav B.J laredneJ runrebuG : .

nakitnagiD

nav .B.J laredneJ runrebuGzstueH 091( 4- )9091

: rebmuS _.B_.J/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.ne//:ptth

zstueH_nav ( : laggnat adap seskaiD lirpA 11

70.91 lukup ,2102 BIW ).

grubnedI laredneJ runrebuG 9091( - 6191 )

: rebmuS .766s//:ptth smubla/moc.tekcubotohp

rop02%dna02%sgalF/suerozA/33vv/02%stiart -

c&weiv=noitca?/419102%aisA02%ronrevoG=tnerru -

en&gpj.grubnedIrednaxelAlareneG01=oc&1=tsew

( : laggnat adap seskaiD lirpA 11)BIW 61.91 lukup ,2102 .


17

VI BAB

ISUBIRTNOK SREP AINUD MALAD OTRIT

.A d isubirtnoK reP ainuD mala s

daba kajes ialumid halet imser araces aisenodnI id narabaktarusrep ahasU

ek - ayntibret nagned 4471 nuhat adap ayntapet ,81 ataB saiv oN e u sellev . ahasU

narabaktarusrep rihal ini .adnaleB aynsusuhk aporE asgnab ahasu lisah iagabes

O adap gnabmekreb gnay rabak tarus alib naknarehgnem kadit ,uti babes hel

adnaleB kilim nakapurem aynlawa nupuata alolegnep ,ladom iges irad uti kiab

.adnaleB asahab utiay ,nakanugid gnay asahab

ratikes utiay ayntujnales nagnabmekrep adap ,naikimed nupikseM

aba nahagnetrep ek d - M asahabreb rabak tarus ,91 id gnabmekreb ialum aguj uyale

.aisenodnI rk araces ,rekkeD sewuoD turuneM asahabreb rabak tarus sigolono

M halada autret gnay uyale abareoS gnatniB aj .1681 nuhat adap tibret gnay 1

s nupadA M asahabreb gnay nial rabak taru halada uyale eojaleM terpmolS . numaN

M asahabreb rabak tarus ini uyale gnaro irad ahasu lisah nakapurem hisam - gnaro

adnaleB aohgnoiT nupuam ahasu kutneb utaus nakub nad imubirp acabmep igab

.iridnes uti imubirp helo nakahasuid gnay O tubesret rabak tarus ,uti babes hel

nakatakid asib muleb iagabes .lanoisan rabak tarus

k taruS ek daba lawa id ilak amatrep lucnum lanoisan raba - .02 ropoleP

halada lanoisan rabak tarus ijajirP nadeM 7091 nuhat adap tibret gnay . nadeM

ijajirP nakapurem M asahabreb amatrep rabak tarus uyale alolekid gnay helo

1 ,kkd ,ojdridotraK onotraS S V aisenodnI lanoisaN haraje , eK isidE - akatsuP ialaB ,atrakaJ ,2 .mlh ,

.792


27

imubirp nagned nad imubirp ladom sata gnitnep narepreb gnay hokoT .iridnes

ayntibret ijajirP nadeM .ojreoS ihdA otriT halada

rabak taruS : 6 rabmaG ijajirP nadeM idajnem hisam taas adap.utbaS irah paites naktibretid gnay nauggnim

: rebmuS otrit/80210102/hokot/moc.enilnoirakidreb.www//:ptth - ihda - oyrus -gnas - sabebmep - gnay - rikgnisret - irad - lmth.harajes ( adap seskaiD

: laggnat 83.31 lukup ,2102 teraM 91 BIW ).

adaP ,aynrasad ijajirP nadeM .amatrep gnay imubirp rabak tarus halnakub

s naktibrenem halet aguj otriT ,aynmulebes nuhat adaP abreb rabak taru asah

M rabak taruS .imubirp helo alolekid nad imubirp ladom nagned aguj gnay uyale

halada tubesret atireB adneoS adap numaN .3091 nuhat adap tibret gnay

halada lanoisan srep ropolep iagabes takiderp gnadnaynem gnay aynnaataynek

ijajirP nadeM , utiay ak tarus .naktibret otriT lisahreb gnay audek rab srep ropoleP

helo gnadnasid gnay lanoisan ijajirP nadeM iukaid hisam aynaataynek adap

.gnarakes aggnih nasalA ijajirP nadeM lanoisan srep ropolep iagabes tubesid nad

aynnakub atireB adneoS rabak tarus anerak tibret uluhad hibelret gnay nadeM

ijajirP .hatniremep nakajibek padahret lakidar naulahreb


37

,amatrep gnay lanoisan rabak tarus iagabeS ijajirP nadeM tarus halnakub

d nahatreb aynah ini rabak tarus aynasam adaP .gnajnap rumureb gnay rabak mala

.2191 iapmas 7091 nuhat irad utiay ajas nuhat amil utkaw ,amal kadit nupikseM

l aynpudih nuhat ami ijajirP nadeM ini nadem id gnalakreb nuhat amil halada

.narupmetrep

.B d isubirtnoK imonokE gnadiB mala

huragnepreb aguj aynnaataynek adap srep ainud malad otriT natabilreteK

haubes nakiridnem aynnalisahrebek irad tahilret ini laH .imonoke gnadib malad

.mukuh nadabreb gnay gnagad naahasurep gnay amatrep imubirp nakapurem aI

gad naahasurep nakiridnem lisahreb .mukuh nadabreb gna eM naahasurep iulal

id gnay gnagad p nakrajagnem kutnu abocnem ai ,nakirid kutnu aynasgnab ada

,takiresreb kiranem ipatet ,iridnes ladom nakanuggnem surah kadit nad ,againreb

anad irad .knab irad nad takaraysam 2 gnagad naahasureP tubesret nagned lanekid

.ijajirP nadeM VN

aynkutnebreT ijajirP nadeM VN ratalid adap anerak ignaleb uti taas nadeM

ijajirP nad naildaeK heoleoS naktabikagnem gnay nagnauek halasam imalagnem

hujut irad hibel rasebes gnatuh malad maleggnet ojreoS ihdA otriT ilak tapil

.kokop ladom ahasugnep gnaroes gnorodnem aynrihka adap ini nagnauek halasaM

dasrA .M.H 3 aynah kadit ini aynnagnatadeK .nautnab nakirebmem gnatad kutnu

2 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP alumeP gnaS .62 .mlh ,3002 ,aratnapiD aretneL ,atrakaJ , 3 h gnay gnaroes nakapurem dasrA dammahoM ijaH ajrekeb hanrep aI .rasad halokes sulul ayna

aupaP( namreJ aupaP iapmas aidniH gnililek aynawabmem gnay , namreJ retkod gnaroes adap ladom naklupmugnem lisahreb dasrA ,tubesret namreJ retkod nagnibmib aneraK .)tual rumiT

inreb kutnu nakanug ai naidumek gnay ualup id aga - awaJ raul ualup - nasulutek takreB .arudaM gnaroes ihakinem asib aggnihes kiab aman tapadnem lisahreb ai ajrekeb aynnahuggnusek nad gnajnunem utiay naujamek nakareg alages nagned tabilret aguj aI .aygoY notarek irad iretup

reg a esret naujamek nak .aynaganet nad atrah nagned tub


47

utnabmem ijajirP nadeM nad nalidaeK heoleoS halasam malad gnades gnay

nagnauek asajrek nagnubuh naklubminem aguj ipatet , M.H nad otriT aratna am

dasrA .4 taubmem dasrA M.H nagned nilajret gnay amasajreK lisahreb otriT

uata gnagad naahasurep nakiridnem pahcstonneV ezolmaaN .)VN( irah adaP

ojreoS ihdA otriT ,dasrA M.H ,8091 rebmevoN 03 laggnat adap ayntapet nineS

ad siraton ignatadnem namseO naregnaP n treassimS nhoJ neiraM aivataB id

taubmem kutnu ijajirP nadeM VN idajnem mukuh nadabreb nad lisahreb

p nahasegnep tapadnem ireme n .8091 rebmeseD 01 laggnat adap hat 5

aynlawa adap ini gnagad naahasureP oC nad dasrA MH VN amanreb

idajnem habuid aynaman naidumek gnay jirekkurD ne lednahkeoB ehcsavaJ VN

”ijajirP nadeM“ netfeohobfjirhcS ni lednaH ne takgnisid naidumek gnay , VN

ijajirP nadeM iapaksaM uata ijajirP nadeM . VN ijajirP nadeM nakapurem

B gnagad naahasurep nagned amatrep aisenodnI srep VN sugilakes aretupimu

aynladom rasebes 000.57 f .mahas rabmel 0003 sata igabret gnay 6

adaP aynrasad ijajirP nadeM VN halnakub utas gnay gnagad naahasurep -

aas adap gnabmekreb aynutas takiras nalucnumreb aguj amas gnay utkaw iD .uti t

mukuh nadab kutnebreb muleb tubesret gnagad takiras ipatet ,imubirp gnagad

ahasu halada uti taas adap ada gnay imubirp naahasurep nupadA .VN iagabes

p ajD ,noberiC id ahA nedaR ,gnudnaB id idnapA dammahoM ijdaH nakatecre

ep ,hecA nad gnadaP id jirekkurD ilunapaT takirajS nagned aduM radnE r naahasu

.ayabaruS id ojdiragN iskevnok naahasurep nad gnarameS id nipirsaT kilim tiluk

4 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po .27 .mlh , 5 ,aytidaR N arawsI ayraK - ojreoS ihdA otriT pakgneL ayrak .42 .mlh,8002 ,eokeoB:I ,atrakaJ , 6 medI


57

naahasureP - id naktubesid gnay naahasurep naahasurep malad gnologret sata

ujam gnay imubirp aynasam adap .7

rep haubes iagabeS ,gnagad naahasu ijajirP nadeM VN aynah kadit

ajas natibrenep ainud adap karegreb irad nakhaB .kitab gnagadreb aguj ipatet ,

ahasu aumes nakukalid gnay ijajirP nadeM VN kitab nagnagadrep , - gnay hal

rebmem i aggnihes raseb pukuc gnay nagnutnuek tapad as idajnem igab naradn

ahasu - .aynnatibrenep ahasu 8

ilebmem lisahreb otriT ,ini ayngnagad naahasurep naknalajnem malaD

tubesret aynilebid gnay hamuR .aivataB ,tamarK nalaJ id raseb hamur haubes

letoH aman irebid gnay letoh nakidajid naidumek ijajirP nadeM ini letoH .

haamej arap nad mahas gnagemep arap igab nakaidesid gnay letoh nakapurem

.ijah 9

gnay aguj utigeb ,aynturus gnasap asam ada aynutnet ahasu utaus malaD

nagned idajret VN ijajirP nadeM imalagnem aynnalajrep malad ini VN .

naturkgnabek kadit gnay gnatuh malad maleggnet ojreoS ihdA otriT taubmem nad

.aynrayabid tapad nad gnatuh irebmep helo tagugid aynrihka ai ,uti babes helO

reb nakataynid ai ,2191 rebmeseD 71 nagnadisrep malaD .arednasid nad halas

atiynem arac nagned nalidagnep adned rayabmem nad gnaub namukuh ihutajid

adap inalajid surah gnay nagnaubmep asaM .ikilim ai gnay adneb atrah hurules

.nalub 6 amales halada ini ilak 01

7 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po 27 .mlh , - .37 8 dibI .391 .mlh , 9 ,dibI .58 .mlh

01 dibI .09 .mlh ,


67

.C d isubirtnoK laisoS gnadiB mala

isubirtnok iaynupmem aynrihka adap srep ainud malad otriT aynkusaM

gnadib malad itrareb pukuc gnay sos : nial aratna tubesret isubirtnok nupadA .lai

.1 E nakareG gnorodneM isapisnam W atina K taruS iulalem raba

nitnep gnay lah idajnem atinaw isapisname nakareG g nakgnaujrepid kutnu

id ek daba lawa ratikes - .02 aidniH ikusamem ini atinaw isapisname gnatnet edI

aporE auneb irad gnatad gnay naacab iulalem . hokot utas halaS nakareg

pisname amatrep gnay atinaw isa halada hokoT .initraK.A.R nakapurem aguj ini

gnay nad taraB nakidid tapadnem gnay amatrep natakgna pareynem ilak amatrep

B huragnep .isapisname gnatnet kusamret tara

iD .targnin agraulek irad rihalret gnay gnaroes nakapurem initraK.A.R

naukalrep tapadret ,targnin agraulek nagnalak nad airp aratna adebreb gnay

napudihek kutnu iskudorpreb tuki kadit atinaw ,ini agraulek metsis malaD .atinaw

kaH .laisos - imid gnay idabirp kah nakgnidnabid alib tikides hibel aguj atinaw ikil

.airp muak nagned

nay metsiS id ukalreb g targnin agraulek breb metsis nagned huaj ade

airp anamid ,emsilatnerap metsis tunagnem gnay awaJ hawab nagnolog agraulek

G .amas gnay nakududek ikilimem atinaw nad nakududek gnatnet narabma atinaw

agraulek hawab nagnalak irad lasareb gnay awaJ id ini silut itairS

omeoseokneognaM :tukireb iagabes

nakgnidnabid )uti ased atinaw =( aynaadaek nakhariaggnem apateB nakhariaggnem hibel apateB .sata nagnolog irad atinaw nagned igabreb akereM .aynagraulek nad aynimaus nagned aynnagnubuh

aynutkaw gnatad igalapa akerem imaus nagned naakusek kutnu gnakaleb id aynnakhabagnem nad nanapmis irad ukul nakraulegnem

gnatab alibapa aynimaus nagned aribmeg karosreb akerem ;uabrek - gnatab


77

iabmalem kuilem uajih idap - iabmal nigna puitret aynialam taras hawab idkutnu hamur naklaggninem akereM .natales irad adap nanakam mirignem

alibapa nagna malad aynimaus itukignem akereM .hawas id akerem imaus .akerem ased nanamaek agajnem kutnu igrep akerem imaus irah malam id

alum imaus arap halakerem adaP - tahisan nakulremem ualak gnatad alumyabid surah kajap anamiagab amasreB .ra - nad akus iagabreb akerem amas

irebid gnay akud ..ini pudih helo akerem adap nak . 11

asarem initraK.A.R ,targnin agraulek irad rihalret gnay atinaw iagabeS

kah nakgnaujrepmem ialum nad tubesret agraulek metsis irad raulek kutnu ulrep -

mes gnay kah atinaw muak helo helorepid aynitse kutneb utas halaS . ahasu atayn

tinaw isapisname nakareg irad a initraK.A.R helo nakgnaujrepid gnay halada

.atinaw muak igab nakididnep eb aynutnet ini aynahasU igab fitisop kapmadr

.aisenodnI id atinaw halokes nagnabmekrep nad atinaw naujamek iagabreB

halokes id ialum nup atinaw muak kutnu irid nak .haread iagabreb id nuhat malaD

8091 awaJ hurules id hatniremep halokes id naupmerep dirum halmuj - arudaM

iD .kana 610.1 utiay ,nadnusaP id iggnitret akgna nagned 700.3 iapacnem halet

awaJ raul - .650.6 asahaniM id ,672.21 arudaM 21

id aynlisah nakkujnunem halet aynrasad adap atinaw isapisname nakareG

nakareg numan ,naupmerep muak igab nakididnep aynsusuhk nakididnep ainud

ada muleb atinaw isapisname kutnu assam otriT ini lah malaD . - gnay hal

d atinaw muak kutnu assam nakareg ilawagnem naktibrenem nagne aidniH irteoP

rabak tarus utiay atinaw muak kutnu nakujutid gnay amatrep B aretupimu ini laH .

isapisname nakareg gnorodnem malad tabilret aguj otriT awhab nakkujnunem

.atinaw

11 dibI .301 .mlh , 21 dibI , .601 .mlh


87

ynrasad adaP naitahrep a adap otriT akitek tahilret hadus atinaw isapisname

naktibrenem ai atireB adneoS iD . atireB adneoS , gnaur nakaideynem halet ai

atinaw nagned tiakret gnay halasam silunem kutnu imubirp atinaw muak kutnu

kasam itrepes - tihaj ,kasamem - lah nad ,tihajnem - .ayngnitnep lah maN nu adneoS

atireB rabak tarus halnakub atinaw kutnu naksusuhkid gnay .

P irteo aidniH aidniH id amatrep atinaw rabak tarus halnakub gnamem

aivataB id 2091 nuhat adaP .adnaleB halet gnay rabak tarus haubes tibret

amanreb tubesret rabak taruS .atinaw acabmep kutnu nakkutnurepid ednilusnI .

gnubuhreB ednilusnI aleB asahab nakanuggnem gnay rabak tarus nakapurem adn

B helo nakub naktibretid nad akam aretupimu ednilusnI iagabes paggnaid acab na

B atinaw igab nakub ,tile .anahredes nakaynabek gnay aretupimu 31

atinaw isapisname padahret otriT naitahreP aynrasad adap adap rebmusreb

iret asar aynnaknugnabmem asajreb halet gnay aynirtsi adapek aynhisak am

utkawes utiay 2091 nuhat rihka adap latnem nahutajek irad ilabmek askapret ai

aivataB naklaggninem .nadnusaP id ased haubes id laggnit nad 41

rteoP niH i aid nakujutid nahurulesek araces gnay rabak tarus nakapurem

nah kadit ini laH .atinaw muak igab nakijaynem gnay aynisi iges irad tahilid ay

lah - ajas atinaw ainud ratupes lah knialem , a gnay aynalolegnep iges irad aguj n

atinaw arap irad iridret gnadnapret gnay atinaw aynsusuhk , halada tukireB .

iskader malad ratfadret hanrep gnay atinaw aman teredes aidniH irteoP : 51

.1 eM nakitnagid naidumek ,alapek rutkader( letraM tsrohkniB wuorvtS nerobeG prodsnemlE aruaL .)laa

.2 .)rogoB ,ojojdimA TS irtsi( remarK F laereS .T

31 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .52 .mlh , 41 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po .801 .mlh , 51 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po 52 .mlh , - .62


97

.3 anadeW netsisA irtsi ,)inairaH itiS( targninardneH uyA nedaR.gnaregnaT ,agankuleT

.4 .rujnaiC itapuB utnanem ,omeoseoK ihdA orkojT uyA nedaR

.5 irtup ,otiheoS gnejA nedaR lapek ,omeoseoK otriT ATR halokes a.raynagnaraK id naupmerep

.6 .simaiC hitaP irtsi ,adnaleB halokes nasulul ,akidnanateoS uyA nedaR

.7 orteopesojojD MR irtsi ,orteopesojojD uyA nedaR id gnamed natnam ,.)aragenitaJ( silenroC retseeM

.8 up ,ojdemideokgnaM uyA nedaR kida( otonimeoB oirA naregnaP irt.)atrakajgoJ ajaR ,IIV onowubukgnemaH natluS irS

.9 ed troF ,gnadaG atoK id naupmerep halokes urug ,milaS rahoN NS askaj natnam ,milaS damahoM natuS irtup ,)taraB artamuS( kcoK

.uaiR id alapek .01 iT irtsi ,hamitaF sesnirP .nacaB natluS dirtup ,ojreoS ihdA otr .11 nedaR irtup ,muisanmyG halokes nasulul ,hamitaF gnejA nedaR

.rogoB id anadew ,aragenadnaG .21 otriT irtsi ,abibaH itiS uyA nedaR .rogoB id laggnit ,ojreoS ihdA .31 aupmerep halokes rajagnep ,ojdomtA ogoR haisaH saM id n

.raynagnaraK .41 halokes nasulul ,gnabmeR hitaP irtsi ,otoniwoggnirP uyA nedaR

.adnaleB .51 otoniW ihdA otriT MR adnaj ,otoniW ihdA otriT uyA nedaR

naremap irad iladem tapadnem hanrep ,)ojreoS ihdA otriT adnakaK(.kasamem nailhaek nad nagnat nanijarek

.61 .rasakaM id aretupimub halokes alapek irtsi ,adieoS

.71 .rogoB id naupmerep halokes urug ,meorA nedaR

.81 nadeM ,aidniH irteoP rutartsinimda ,dasrA MH irtsi ,dasrA uyA nedaR.aivataB id laggnit ,nalidaeK heoleoS nad ,ijajirP

.91 ,inradeoS gnejA nedaR ,adnaleB halokes iwsis irtup gnuggnemuT MR.atrakaruS id itapub ,targninidoskerW

.02 .)nogeliC( anairaM atniS nedaR amaN - idajnem sata id silutret gnay rutkader aman sata utum nanimaj

esitserp nad satilibiderk irteoP aidniH gnay atinaw rabak tarus iagabes rasebret

silanruj satiroyaM .aynasam adap aidniH irteoP atok id ”utar“ arap nakapurem

gnisam akerem - ripmah anerak rajalepret atinaw nagnolog nakapurem nad gnisam

.adnaleB nakididnep maynegnem hanrep aynaumes 61

61 dibI .62 .mlh ,


08

G 7 rabma k taruS : raba aidniH irteoP sidE 091 nuhat id I i .9

S rebmu : irteop:6=di&elcitra=weiv&tnetnoc_moc=noitpo?php.xedni/gro.oyojdidomeos//:ptth -aidnih - iside -i- 51 - naj - 9091 - =dimetI&harajes:7=ditac&groznetiub 101 D( adap seskai

)BIW 65.21 lukup ,2102 ieM 02 : laggnat .


18

,aynnatibrenep malaD aidniH irteoP uyaleM asahab nakanuggnem augnil

acnarf asgnab asahab utiay - .hatnirepret asgnab 71 atet nakA silunep arap ,ip

asahab itrepes asahab iagabreb malad nagnarak nakkusamem nakhelobrepid

asahab nad sicnarP ,namreJ ,sirggnI ,adnaleB - kusam gnay nasiluT .haread asahab

iskader helo nakhamejretid naka aynrihka adap ini asahab iagabreb malad irteoP

aidniH lad nasilut lucnum gnadakret ,aynnaataynek adaP .uyaleM asahab ma

.ojreoS ihdA otriT irad nasilut nakapurem ini nasiluT .adnaleB asahab malad 81

rus iagabeS B atinaw rabak ta nauakgnaj ,amatrep gnay aretupimu irteoP

aidniH gnay nasilut haubes irad tahilid tapad ini laH .saul pukuc nakatakid helob

amanreb rabak tarus haubes malad taumret tnaruoC ewueiN :

t hagne - aparebeb hadus ,atik acabmep igab igal gnisa nakub ini nanalub naD .ayngnatnet nakatirebmem atik ilak ,hisreb gninuk gnay ayntiluk

aynnatibret ,sugab hitup satrek sata id salej gnay furuh nagned katecret gnay nasek naklaggninem haltapad nahibelreb apnat nad nakgnaneynem

ohek gnujnujnem HP awhab nakatagnem atik acabid aI.…aynaman natamrS irad eM iapmas gnaba nad awaJ id aynah kadit aynatinaw acabmeP .ekuar

id nakhab ,ukulaM nad ,sebeleC ,oenroB ,artamuS id aguj ,arudaMiregen nad rohoJ nanatluseK - gnujnanemeS id uyaleM iregen

aduM muaK“ naacab iagabes paggnaid tapad ini alakreB..…akalaMH atinaw naigab ,”iretsI atik tapad naggnalep aratna iD..…aduM aidni

54 irad iretsi iuhatek - nahabmenaP irusiamrep ayntujnales ,itapub na.lld amiB ,uaiR ,sabmaS natluS ,awapmeM 91

,aynnanalajrep malaD aidniH irteoP natamrohek naktapadnem hanrep aguj

ep apureb .animlehliW adnaleB utaR adnubI ,ammE irusubI irad haidah nairebm

nakidajnem ini natamroheK aidniH irteoP amatrep aisenodnI rabak tarus iagabes

.adnaleB naajareK agraulek irad naagrahgnep tapadnem gnay 02 nagned tiakreT

,tubesret haidah nairebmep aidniH irteoP malad tukireb nasilut naklipmanem

71 medI 81 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po 011 .mlh , - .111 91 dibI 311 .mlh , - .411 02 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .72 .mlh ,


28

akum namalah id ayniside aparebeb aidniH irteoP nasilut irad iynub nupadA .

: halada tubesret

adnigaB irS .mlA irossimreP ,ammE redeoM nigninoK adnigaB irSlliW gninoK haread nad dnalredeN ajdaR imak nagneojdneojd III me

“ adap gnaw haidah irebmem nanekreb hadeos ajnnahajdajd irteoPaidniH ,ini rabak tareos ajnnatibrenep naka ,adnigaB atnic adnat naka ,”

eitcadeR .adnaleB aidniH irgen kana irtsi nakeojdamem deoskamreb gnaj halet ajnnagnarigek naka adnigaB adap tareos nakhabmejnem naka

.awajD gnabmet nagned eoti haidah amirenem aidniH irteoP gnarigreb -eorsreb helob nad gnarig - ilak amatrep aid asawK ahaM gnaJ adap eors

naatnijtek adnat tapadnem halet gnaj aidniH rabaK tareoS .naajdarek 12

rabmaG 8 :nanak ek irik irad ,agraulek amasreb ammE irusubI :,ammE irusubI tuP ,kirdneH naregnaP ,anailuJ iranimlehliW utaR .

rebmuS : lmth.evihcra_10_90_8002/moc.topsgolb.eoleodopmetiskelok//:ptth ( : laggnat adap seskaiD 2102 lirpA 1 22.51 lukup , BIW ).

adapek ammE irusubI nakirebid gnay haidaH aidniH irteoP apureb halada

gnau halmujes hanrep kadit anerak aynhalmuj iuhatekid hanrep kadit gnay

.nakmumuid habugnem kutnu nakanugid ammE irusubI irad nairebmep gnaU

natibret ayag aidniH irteoP alakreb haubes idajnem kutnu nad rabmagreb

12 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT naasgnabeK sreP dabaeS .15 .mlh ,7002 ,eokeoB:I , atrakaJ.


38

mumu naakatsuprep nakiridnem helo nakiridid gnay amatrep naakatsuprep utiay

.imubirp 22 ammE irusubI nairebmep gnau haidah naanuggnep ianegneM gnay

,naakatsuprep nakiridnem kutnu nakanugid nasilut tukireb ayn id aidniH irteoP

iskader nipmimep arap helo aidniH iretoP :

kutnu haidaH aidniH irteoP 32 adap ammE irusiamreP adnigaB irS helo nakhaidahid gnay gnaU irteoP

aidniH ukub aparebeb nakilebid naka iskader takafum helo ini - gnay ukubirtsi kutnu anugreb nad hadeafreb - idaj naka utiay ,aidniH irtsi

“ keehtoilbib 42 oP iskader ayn e aidniH irt pait aggnihes ” - ilak pait irteoPaidniH irad nanilas uata napituk naktaumid asib tibret keehtoilbib anerak

.uti atik nagnujnuj irusiamreP adnigaB irS aynhaidah keehtoilbiB “ :nakamanid naka ini irS haidah ukub nalupmuK

naupmerep anug naka aidniH irteoP kutnu ammE irusiamreP adnigaBaidniH .”

akam ini haidah aneraK aidniH irteoP nalupmuk iaynupmem naka ayniskader taub ilakes kaynab gnay ukub aidniH irteoP idaj ada nad ini

adap nakigabid nad abmitid naka aynsibah kadit gnay ria atam utas.aidniH naupmerep

naupmerep agraulek ,imaus ,hayA !iah ,aidniH naupmerep ,iaH acab lasa nagnaj ,iah oya ,aidniH aidniH irteoP hakreb palagnem ,

eP adnigaB irS imak nagnujnuj .ammE irusiamr

nipmimeP - iskadeR nipmimep aidniH irteoP OMEOSEOK OTRIT.A.T.R

OJREOS IHDA OTRIT .M.R REJIEM.J.J

aynnaataynek adap ammE irusubI irad haidah nairebmeP taubmem irteoP

aidniH P .lanekret nikames ggnit iregen iawagep aynoyn ara tuki ialum adnaleB i

nanaggnalreb aidniH irteoP , laredneJ runrebuG irtsi hotnoc itukignem . 52

22 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po .511 .mlh , 32 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po irad pitukiD (.161 .mlh , aidniH irteoP ,032 .mlh ,9091 ,II nuhaT ,

keotneO naajdareK haidaH gnaeO“ ilsa luduj nagned aidniH irteoP ) 42 naakatsupreP 52 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .92 .mlh ,


48

rabmaG 9 namalah rabmeleS : aidniH irteoP .rabmag nakanuggnem halet gnay

,reoT atnanA aydeomarP : rebmuS ,alumeP gnaS .mlh ,3002 ,aratnapiD aretneL ,atrakaJ .211

aynkadites ,amatrep gnay atinaw rabak tarus iagabeS aidniH irteoP halet

nem nakgnayasid pukuc numaN .aynasam adap kiab pukuc gnay isatserp iapac

ikseM .gnajnap rumureb kadit ini rabak tarus ayntibret nagned naikimed nup

aidniH irteoP airp muak awhab nakkujnunem halet ( aguj )ojreoS ihdA otriT

.atinaw isapisname nakdujuwem malad tabilret

aynnaataynek adaP aidniH irteoP taruS .gnajnap rumureb kadit gnamem

8091 nuhat irad pudih lisahreb aynah ini rabak - naikimed nupikseM .2191

naitamek aidniH irteoP nem gnay naitamek halada naadaiteK .nakpudihg irteoP

aidniH lucnum aggnihes ,akerem igab naacab nagnalihek atinaw arap taubmem


58

.urab gnay atinaw rabak tarus naktibrenem kutnu edi atinaw rabak tarus nupadA

naitamek haletes tibret lisahreb gnay aidniH irteoP halada orowS otinaW gnay

.3191 nuhat adap seberB id tibret orowS otinaW gnay rabak tarus nakapurem

aynrirak ialumem gnay gnaro utas halas utiay iradneoS itiS.A.R helo nipmipid

id silunep iagabes aidniH irteoP . nialeS orowS otinaW atinaw alakreb alup tibret ,

akidraM irteoP lakreB . ini a nakrasadreB .4191 nuhat adap aivataB id tibret

awhab iuhatekid tapad ,aynaman akidraM irteoP ,otriT kajej sakeb nakapurem

aman aratna nagnubag utiay aidniH irteoP nagned akidraM muaK . 62

.2 M nakirebme p nautnaB T gnay imubirP muaK ada sadnitre

an adap otriT naitahreP raseb haltagnas licek taykar aynsusuhk imubirp bis .

jek adap tahilid tapad ini laH naida - 9091 nuhat id naidajek , id aynah nakub anam

nakukalem inareb aguj otriT naknialem ,nomiS .A nagned awitsirep idajret

narakgnobmep - tapmet id narakgnobmep - nagnitnepek kutnu amaturet ,nial tapmet

.licek taykar 72

tnu otriT tagnameS sadnitret gnay taykar alebmem ku mem tabilret ai awab

natakgnagnep ispeser awitsirep irad alumreb gnay gnudnaB hitaP ladnaks malad

: naikimed otadipreb ai ,uti ispeser adaP .0191 laggnat adap gnudnaB hitaP

akidram muak likaw iagabeS..… anug hadeafreb gnay muak inkay ,lini muak anerak ,iregen ayas akam ,iregen ajnaleb utnabmem gnay ha

..…imak muak nagnarigek nakiapmaynem ada.…,akidram muak ,imak atsak amaturet ,taykar naatniceK akij helorepid hadum uti naatnicek nad ,iyayirp ayntcat adap gnutnagret

tnirepid gnay asgnab aratna natabmej idaj gnay gnay asgnab nagned ha muak ,imak atsak helo itakedret hadum nad itakedid hadum hatniremem

apur anerak igur ulrep kat imak utigeb arac anerak ,akidram - huragnep apurhulek nakiapmaynem malad - patar hasek - bijaw gnay adap imak signat

62 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po mlh , 611 . - .711 72 dibI .58 .mlh ,


68

mak aggnihes ,imak gnolonem nad natamalesek helo itakedid ulales i nakutnenem iregeN .raseb )huratep =( nagnuggnat idaj imak natamalesek ukalreb asib ulales iregen adap ,akidram muak ,imak nataubrep hibel naka iregen ayacsin lakgnasid tapad kat akam aynitsem anamiagabes

upmeynem asib .taykar adap aynnabijawek nakanr ,naiadnapek arates uata hibel gnay ada imak muak aratna halutigeB kat uti anerak ,takgnapreb gnay muak adapirad aynnaayakek ,nanurutek muak aratna awhab naD .imak muak ajas risis utas nagned risisid tapad

ay kaynab ada imak =( lusu )lautkeletni ,rajalepret =( narikif nawasgnab gn tapad aguj kat nawatrah alup atres ,)nanurutek anerak nawasgnab natapadnepreb kadit lusu nad narikif nawasgnab aratna anerak ,irikgnupid

alagnem nad itregnem hadus uti akerem awhab ,alak ulud itrepes ,im gnaro tabatram nad tajared tapadnem aguj akidram muak iagabes awhab kadit hadus imak muak aggnihes ,)naayadubekreb ,badareb =( napos

anih gnay licek gnaro irad iridret aynah ulud itrepes - naadaek ipatet ,anid.ujam huaj hadus imak muak 82

otadiP gnudnaB hitaP helo ipaggnatid ini otriT helo nakiapmasid gnay

halas nakgnadnaleggnem nad hantifmem ,ayainagnem ,pagreynem nalaj nagned

tubesret ayainaret gnay gnarO .nalidagnep naped ek akidram muak irad gnaroes

am ,adum gnagadep gnaroes halada .aynahasu malad rujum nad uj 92

gnaro 9091 nuhat iapmas aynkaditeS - ahasu anerak sabeb halet gnay gnaro

522 iapacnem halet mukuh nautnab iulalem nupuam katec ayad iulalem otriT

id naktamalesret gnay akerem nupadA .gnaro nad gnadnip naki laujnep aynaratna

natlus aparebeb ,itapub ,rasap id gnirek naki awaJ raul id - aguj nad ,arudaM

roes id gnay ,hecA gnaujep sakeb gna mukuh rudesorp apnat gnudnaB ek gnaub

.rajaw gnay 03

82 dibI 78 .mlh , -8 .8 92 ,dibI .88 .mlh 03 medI


78

.3 M asahaB nagnabmekreP lakaB lakiC s uyale gabe asahaB ia asgnaB

aisenodnI

macam iagabreb irad iridret gnay asgnab nakapurem aisenodnI asgnaB

ukus asgnab adebreb gnay asahab ikilimem ukus paiteS . - adeb atik asaib gnay

haread asahab nagned tubes ratna isakinumok nakhadumem kutnu ,uti babes helO .

sret ukus dnI asahab halnakanugid tube lanoisan asahab nakapurem gnay aiseno

araces aisenodnI lanoisan asahab iagabes aisenodnI asahaB .aisenodnI asgnab

rebotkO 82 laggnat adap idajret gnay adumep hapmus taas adap nakhukukid imser

.8291

b aynrasad adaP aisenodnI asaha sareb gnay asahab nakapurem irad la

M asahab .uyale M asahab ,aynlawa adaP kopmolek irad asahab nakapurem uyale

id nagnagadrep asahab idajnem halet nad aisenodnI naualupek id asgnab ukus

abes nakanugid nialeS .aisenodnI id nahubalep haread ,nagnagadrep asahab iag

M asahab .netsirK nad malsI amaga narabeynep malad nakanugid aguj uyale 13

M asahab nautneneP sapelret kadit aguj aisenodnI asahab iagabes uyale

nagnat rupmac irad irad .ojreoS ihdA otriT aH tare nagnubuhreb aynutnet ini l

nuggnep nagned M asahab naa otriT .ikilim ai gnay rabak tarus malad uyale

p gnaro nakub gnamem M asahab nakanuggnem gnay amatre ainud malad uyale

ratikes utiay aynmulebes asam adaP .kitsilanruj ek daba nahagnetrep - asahab 91

M ale uy aguj numaN .rabak tarus aparebeb id asahab iagabes nakanugid halet

kutnu aynlasim ,asaib gnay srep asahab iagabes nakanugid aynah tubesret asahab

malad acabret anamiagabes ,otriT nagnat id numaN .gnagadreb P nadeM ijajir ,

13 S ,kkd ,ojdridotraK onotra tic.po .382.mlh ,


88

M asahab nakanugrepid naluagrep asahab iagabes aynah gnadnapid gnay uyale

sisab nugnabmem kutnu amatu nanoda idajnem nad srep asahab iagabes hunep

.kitilop nad igoloedi 23

ini lah malaD silunep amatrep natakgna kusamret otriT nagned iskif

asahab nakanuggnem M uyale acnarf augnil i asahab gnadib iD . namodep katelep a

M awhab ,rasad uyale acnarf augnil asgnab asahab halada - gnay aidniH id asgnab

.hatnirepid 33 eb otriT ini lah malaD M asahab awhab naksagenem ahasur uyale

ay asgnab asahab halada iagabes aynnakidajnem ahasureb nad hatnirepret gn

.iridnes uti hatnirepret gnay asgnab igab satitnedi

M asahab nakanuggnem otriT ahasU asgnab igab asahab iagabes uyale -

gnay asgnab aguj hatnirepret tagnames nugnabmem kutnu naujut ikilimem

nautasrep .asgnab ukus macam iagabreb irad iridret gnay aisenodnI taykar igab

.4 aohgnoiT nagnoloG nagned naaraduasreP asaR nilajneM

ohgnoiT asgnaB nakapurem nakub nad gnatadnep asgnab nakapurem a

b ilsa kududnep .aisenodnI asgna ek akerem nagnatadek irad naujut ,aynmumU

.gnagadreb kutnu halada aisenodnI purem aohgnoiT asgnab nupikseM a asgnab nak

gnadnamem kadit otriT ,gnatadnep hadner akerem paggnagnem nad akerem

nay asgnab iagabes p nagned nakamasrepid g imubir . haB nak ai lawa kajes hadus

preb p aratna awhab nagnadna imubir akub gnay ,gnisa kududnep nagned ,aporE n

lanegnem kadit nad aynnagned nakamasrepid ada ayn ini akereM .naadebrep

p nagned nakamasrepid ajas nakub imubir ialem , n p nagned bisanes aguj nak imubir

b anerak lid ali gnadnap tudus irad tahi p aratna kitilop mubir kududnep nad i

23 ,kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT tic.po .iivx .mlh , 33 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP tic.po .52 .mlh ,


98

aohgnoiT nagnolog amas - adnaleB hatnirep hawab id adareb uata hatnirepid amas

,uti babes helO .aisenodnI iasaugnem gnades uti taas adap gnay otriT

p nagnolog adapek nakrujnagnem imubir s raga nagnolog nagned utnabmem gnila

lisah irad acabid tapad aohgnoiT nagnolog padahret aynnaitahreP .aohgnoiT

:ini tukireb aynnasilut

niksiM aniC gnarO halgnoloT 43 naka nakhalisrepid nup atik akam ,kaynab gnaro aynnaatnimrep satA

malad araus akubmem iwateB atirbmeP helob gnay natagni utiay ,gnaro adapek adapek gnolonem - nad niksim aniC gnaro pukuc muleb

.retkod gnaroes nakanuggnem naka aynnaupmamek id hamur akubmem hadus naoK ewH aoH gnoiT nanupmihreP

gnaro anam - retkod gnaroes aynnagnolotrep tapad helob aniC gnaro.amucrep hisakid asib kadit tabo ipatet ,narayab adait nagned

J retkod nahalokeS pait awa - anam id tapmet akubmem irah pait tapad helob ,aporE asgnab kiab ,imubirP kiab ,aniC kiab niksim gnaro

.narayab nagned adait tabo nagned retkod nagnolotrep tikas hamuR dnabrevedatS riatiliM gnaro taub tikas hamur nad ,

bmem tauk ,aniC nagned naarahilep taub niksim gnaro naka tapmet aku.narayab adait

aniC asgnab igab nagnolotrep anrupmes muleb iwateB iregen tauB.uti retkod nataborep lah

kadit ipat ,upmam kadit gnay aniC gnaro aynkaynab hakapareBcnem igrepreb naka tikas malad id satnap id retkod nagnolotrep ira

id aniC tikas hamur id ,kodolG id tikas hamur id ,awaJ retkod nahalokes kadit uti aynsatnap kadit babes apA .naoK ewH aoH gnoiT hamur id ,atoK

naut anerak inis id nakiwar atik ulrep - .mulkam hibel acabmep naut naroes halada alibapA nagnolotrep hisak gnatad asib gnay retkod g

uti aynhisakid gnay tabo habmatret ,amucrep nagned ,uti tikas gnaro adap ,ilakes raseb tama gnay nagnolotrep utaus halini ,aguj amucrep helo ayngnatad parahid gnay nagnolotrep , anrupmes gnay nagnolotrep

naroeses kiab ,ajas gnades niksim gnay kiab ,tamaret niksim gnay kiab ,g retkod gnaroes nakhelorepmem nakA .aynnaupmamek utigeb kadit gnay halkadit ,atrah gnaubmem nup tikides kadit nagned uti naikimedes gnay

.tapad asib lakab hisak asauk gnay retkod ualakij ipateT gnaro adap amucrep tabo

ayacsin ,nalupmukrep muak utas helo aynnakepacek rayabid uti niksim ,niksim gnaro adap amucrep tabo hisak asaukreb gnay retkod haltapad

43 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .mlh , irad pitukid ini nasiluT ( 063 iwateB atirbmeP ieM 2 ,XIX nuhaT ,

)”niksiM anijT gnarO halgnoloT“ ilsa luduj nagned ,2091


09

aynretkod naknialem utiay retkod nad ,retilim kiab ,lipis kiab ,iregen -ajrekeb gnay awaJ retkod …iregen adap

nial nad royam akudap ualakiJ - nawatrah nad nawasgnab aynnial nakukalem naka nakanugid surah haltubesret retkod ,takafum aniC asgnab

gnaro taub nagnolotrep - .niksim gnaro pait halpakac kaynab gnaro aynnataukek nagneD - it nalub pa

anug naka utnet lasa ajas aparebes isubirtnok gnau naklupmugnem.uti retkod aynnakepacek itnaggnep ..

,iridnes rabak tarus ikilimem lisahreb halet gnay silanruj gnaroes iagabeS

aohgnoiT nagnolog igab aynrabak tarus id tapmet nakaideynem aguj otriT .

malad ajas aynlasiM atireB adneoS ,aynnatibrenep paites malad ripmah gnay

isasinagro tapmet kutnu gnaur nakaideynem ulales otriT - aohgnoiT isasinagro

umugnep nakraiynem kaH keiS meiK ,naoK eewH aoH gnoiT itrepes ,aynnam

nial nad eewH neiS teoS ,naoK - .nial namumugnep irad nakhaB - namumugnep

naigabes nakhisiynem nijar aohgnoiT kududnep awhab iuhatekid tapad tubesret

hamur nairidnep anug nakgnabmusid kutnu aynnalisahgnep irad - id halokes hamur

d tahilid aliB .aidniH hurules a malad taumret gnay namumugnep ir dneoS atireB a ,

irad gnaruk kadit awhab nakarikrepid tapad akam naggnalep nesrep amil adneoS

atireB .aohgnoiT nagnolog kududnep halada 53

ini aohgnoiT nagnolog padahret aynnaitahreP aynranebes tahilret hadus

akiteK .AIVOTS id halokesreb hisam ai kajes gnaroes gnolonem ahasureb ai ,uti

harap tikas gnades gnay niksim aohgnoiT gnaroes halada nial kat gnay ayntabahas

tubesret ayntabahas itabognem kutnu tabo peser nakraulegnem arac nagned

ai lahadap .peser nakraulegnem kutnu nizi ikilimem muleb hisam 63

53 ,reoT atnanA aydeomarP ,tic.po 361 .mlh - .461 63 ,aytidaR N arawsI tic.po .26 .mlh ,


19

V BAB

NALUPMISEK

sadreB iapmas II bab irad nasahabmep nakra libmaid tapad akam ,VI bab

: tukireb iagabes nalupmisek

ainud malad nujret iyayirp nanurutek nakapurem gnay ojreoS ihdA otriT

id anerak srep B nakididnep helo ignakalebratal .hupmet ai hanrep gnay tara

naupmamek ikilimem ai ,ini nakididnep iulaleM naidumek gnay silut acab

silunem silut ainud malad takab idajnem gnabmekreb aynnakididnep iulaleM . ,

otriT nauhategnep ikilimem aguj nasawaw nad es saul pukuc gnay tapad aggnih

nad nasilut nahab nakidajid nabmem ut takgninem malad nauhategnep nak

.ayntaykar B nakididnep iulalem ,uti nialeS tara otriT , iradaynem ada awhab

i aggnihes kurub gnay aynatsak kataw irad kaynab kataw iakuynem kadit a

hatniremem gnurednec gnay aynatsak naasaibek nagned igal hibelret ,aynatsak

kadit ini laH .nahatniremep malad id ajrekeb akerem aynmumu adap aggnihes

rid malad ukalreb yayirp gnaroes gnay otriT .otriT i adap akus hibel aynkapmat i

laH .naidbagnep naajrekep itkubret ini id halokesreb kutnu naksutumem ai akitek

AIVOTS od halokes utiay retk . .naidbagnep naajrekep nakapurem retkoD

AIVOTS id aynnakididnep nakiaseleynem lisahreb kadit otriT gnubuhreB akam ,

ai gnitnab gnusgnal .srep ainud malad nujret nagned rites

srep ainud malad nujret otriT gnorodnem turut gnay nial gnakaleb rataL

halada alebmem nad naksabebmem nigni otriT nasadninep irad ayntaykar

aguj otriT ,uti nialeS .iridnes aynasgnab irad nupuam adnaleB asgnab nahajajnep


29

naasgnabek asar nakmananem nigni uti taas adap gnay ayntakaraysam adap

asgnab iagabes nakutasrepid - ret gnay asgnab .hatnirep

lisah nakapurem srep ainud malad nujret otriT mulebes aisenodnI id sreP

nial asgnab ahasu irad , aganet ada halet uti asam adap nupiksem - imubirp aganet

oisan sreP .tabilret gnay p ahasu lisah nakapurem gnay lan id lucnum urab imubir

ek daba lawa - nagnabmekrep adap gnay ojreoS ihdA otriT halada aynsitnireP .02

y rabak tarus naktibrenem upmam aynkitsilanruj rirak alolekid nad iladomid gna

p helo .imubir tapme naktibrenem lisahreb otriT ,srep ainud malad nujret amaleS

rabak tarus utiay , ,nalidaeK heoleoS ,ijajirP nadeM ,atireB adneoS nad irteoP

aidniH K . arac nagned alolekid ini otriT rabak tarus tapmee - gnalibret gnay arac

.uti asam adap urab

tapad kutnU rabak tarus naktibrenem , nad aynadneb atrah laujnem otriT

ada naanadnep lah malad numaN .kahip aparebeb irad anad nautnab tapadnem

anad nakanuggnem otriT utiay otriT helo nakukalid gnay kinu arac irad

.naagainrep nasuru malad takaraysam ologret gnay arac nakapurem ini araC gn

urab p naagainrep ainud malad .imubir nakparetid gnay urab arac nakgnadeS

isignem arac nagned utiay aynrabak tarus isignem malad amet nagned rabak tarus -

napudihek iges hurules ripmah tukgnaynem gnay amet umli iagabreB .

,iuhatek ai gnay nauhategnep ek nakigab ai tarus iulalem ayntakaraysam adap

nagned aynrabak tarus isignem aguj otriT ,uti nialeS .aynalolekid gnay rabak

nakitirk - mep nakajibek padahret nakitirk taykar naktarebmem gnay hatnire .

nacabmep adapek natapmesek nakirebmem aguj ai nakhaB kutnu ay

nahulek nakiapmaynem akerem naatnimrep nupuata nautnab iskader adapek


39

tarus nakmirignem nagned hibel uti asam adap otriT rabak tarus ,uti babes helO .

isgnuf naknalajnem ayn bmem nagnaujrep tala iagabes .sadnitret gnay taykar ale iD

iagabes isgnufreb gnipmas tarus ,sadnitret gnay taykar alebmem nagnaujrep tala

iagabes isgnuf utiay srep irad rasadnem isgnuf naknalajnem aguj otriT rabak

iagabes isgnuf ,nakgnubuhgnem isgnuf ,kididnem isgnuf ,isamrofni rabeynep

sgnuf aguj nad ,mumu tapadnep kutnebmep nad rulaynep .laisos lortnok i malaD

hupma pukuc gnay arac ikilimem aguj aynkapmat otriT ,rabak tarus alolegnem

naggnalep naktapadnem malad rasebmep arap itakednem nagned utiay - rasebmep

raga haread paites id nagned nakukalid ini araC .aynrabak tarus nanaggnalreb uam

ut hadumrepmem kutnu nauj malad ai tuki kutnu takaraysam kajagnem

naka itsap takaraysam anerak ,aynrabak tarus ilebmem uata nanaggnalreb

.aynrasebmep arap helo nakukalid gnay apa itukignem tarus alolegnem amaleS

bmah aparebeb ipadahgnem surah aguj otriT rabak nagnauek natilusek utiay nata

otriT taubmem gnay adnaleB aidniH id larednej runrebug naitnagrep nad

.amal gnay larednej runrebug irad nagnudnilrep nagnalihek

atar otriT natibret rabak taruS - nupiksem ,gnajnap rumureb kadit atar

lad otriT natabilretek utigeb isubirtnok ikilimem aguj aisenodnI id srep ainud ma

tarus nakrihalem halada srep ainud malad otriT isubirtnoK .raseb pukuc gnay

utiay amatrep gnay lanoisan rabak ijajirP nadeM gnadib malad isubirtnok ,

tnebmem gnay amatrep imubirp halada otriT utiay imonoke gnagad naahasurep ku

pukuc otriT isubirtnok laisos gnadib malad nakgnadeS .mukuh nadabreb gnay

,rabak tarus iulalem atinaw isapisname nakareg gnorodnem utiay saul

tnab nakirebmem p muak adap nagnolotrep uata nau tuki ,sadnitret gnay imubir


49

nem malad narepreb nad ,aisenodnI asahab iagabes uyaleM asahab nakutne

.adnaleB aidniH id aohgnoiT kududnep nagned naaraduasrep asar nilajnem


59

AKATSUP RATFAD

ojdrahimojruS namhcarrudbA .)2002( . harajeS nagnabmekreP igeS aparebeBaisenodnI id sreP sapmoK :atrakaJ . .

.)2891( .H raf’ajD ,ffagessA ketkarP eK ratnagneP : iniK asaM kitsilanruJnanawatraweK .aisenodnI ailahG :atrakaJ .

idamtA T , .)5891( . aisenodnI sreP metsiS gnugA gnunuG .TP : atrakaJ. .

.)6002( .kkd ,Z,idamraD gnabmaB kitsilanrujreB rihaM aramA :atrakaygoY .skooB .

.)5002( .S gninA atrebirolF ifargoiB : aisenodnI habugneM gnay hokoT 001

id aisenodnI harajeS malad huragnepreB gnilaP hokoT sutareS takgniS02 dabA .isaraN tibreneP : atrakaygoY .

.)6002( .siuoL ,klahcsttoG harajeS itregneM .sserP IU :atrakaJ .

.)8002( .aytidaR N arawsI ayraK - sreP:ojreoS ihdA otriT pakgneL ayraKnaasgnabeK nad nakaregreP .eokeob :I :atrakaJ .

lisnaK T.S.C , .otnailuJ nad .)7891( harajeS naasgnabeK nakaregreP nagnaujrePaisenodnI aggnalrE :atrakaJ . .

.)4891( .snaH ,nhoK aynharajeS nad itrA emsilanoisaN .)nahamejreT isreV(aggnalrE :atrakaJ .

.)1002( .oyojiwotnuK harajeS umlI ratnagneP :atrakaygoY . nasayaY gnatneB.ayaduB

.)4002( .gnadnahuS idatsuK ,kudorP ,isasinagrO ratupeS : kitsilanruJ ratnagnePkitE edoK & aikidneC asnauN nasayaY :gnudnaB . .

.)5002( .arawhsI iwuL natataC - rasaD emsilanruJ natatac sapmoK :atrakaJ . .

.)3002( .reoT atnanA aydeomarP alumeP gnaS .aratnapiD aretneL : atrakaJ .

.)0991( .F ,idamhcaR sreP metsiS fitpirkseD sisilanA : sreP metsiS nagnidnabreParageN iagabreB id aidemarG :atrakaJ . .

ojridotraK onotraS .)7791( .kkd , V aisenodnI lanoisaN harajeS eK isidE( - .)2

akatsuP ialaB :atrakaJ .

---- -------------------- . .)9891( ifargoirotsiH nagnabmekreP nad narikimePfitanretlA utaus aisenodnI aidemarG :atrakaJ . .


69

-------------------------- .)2991( . igolodoteM malaD laisoS umlI natakednePharajeS .J aidemarG :atraka .

-------------------------- .)3991( . asgnaB nanugnabmeP . aideM aytidA :atrakaygoY .

.)6891( .C drawdE ,htimS aisenodnI id sreP naledierbmeP .)nahamejreT isreV(sreP itifarG akatsuP .TP :atrakaJ .

.)1891( .N.I ojigabeoS aisenodnI nawatraW tagaJ gnugA gnunuG.TP : atrakaJ. .

otnamradeoS BJ , 7002( . .) kajeJ - asgnaB nautaseK takereP :nawalhaP kajeJaisenodnI .odnisarG :atrakaJ .

.)8591( .orowsisorkojT ojraduS rabaK taruS nagnaujeP salikeS takireS : atrakaJ .rabaK taruS naahasureP .

.)2591(.gnanamuS kitsilanruJ nad sreP gnatnet laoS aparebeB ialaB :atrakaJ .

akatsuP .

6991( .kkd ,olisusidA ojratuS .) arageN iagabreB id emsilanoisaN :atrakaygoY .revinU .amrahD atanaS satis

.)7002( .kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT naasgnabeK sreP dabaeS .eokeob:I : atrakaJ.

------------------------- .)7002( . aisenodnI sreP kajeJ sutareS: asahaB riA hanaT ..eokeob:I : atrakaJ

.)7002( .asahaB tasuP sumaK nusuyneP miT aisenodnI asahaB raseB sumaK .

akatsuP ialaB :atrakaJ .

.)7002( .K.A ,otnayrahiW lanoisaN nakaregreP : I uraB aisenodnI harajeS .:atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU .

: tenretnI rebmuS

mr/52/10/0102/gro.rogolb//:ptth - otrit - ihda - /ojreos ( : laggnat adap seskaiD 32)BIW 21.90 lukup ,2102 iraunaJ .

zstueH_nav_.B_.J/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.ne//:ptth ( : laggnat adap seskaiD 1 lirpA 1

)BIW 70.91 lukup ,2102 .

sgolb.eoleodopmetiskelok//:ptth lmth.evihcra_10_90_8002/moc.top ( adap seskaiD : laggnat )BIW 22.51 lukup ,2102 lirpA 1 .

teop:6=di&elcitra=weiv&tnetnoc_moc=noitpo?php.xedni/gro.oyojdidomeos//:ptth

ir - aidnih - iside -i- 51 - naj - 9091 - 101=dimetI&harajes:7=ditac&groznetiub )BIW 65.21 lukup ,2102 ieM 02 :laggnat adap seskaiD( .


79

2%stiartrop02%dna02%sgalF/suerozA/33vv/smubla/moc.tekcubotohp.766s//:ptth0- ronrevoG=tnerruc&weiv=noitca?/419102%aisA02% -

01=oc&1=tsewen&gpj.grubnedIrednaxelAlareneG ( :laggnat adap seskaiD)BIW 61.91 lukup ,2102 lirpA 11 .

2/moc.sserpdrow.gnufmakgnow//:ptth mr/52/10/010 - otrit - ihda - ( /ojreos seskaiD

: laggnat adap 35.81 lukup ,2102 teraM 91 BIW ).

otrit/80210102/hokot/moc.enilnoirakidreb.www//:ptth - ihda - oyrus - gnas -sabebmep - gnay - rikgnisret - irad - ( lmth.harajes seskaiD laggnat adap : 91

83.31 lukup ,2102 teraM BIW ).

MR/segap/moc.koobecaf.www//:ptth - onomokojD - otriT - ihdA - ojreoS - 0881 -tes&9530428714601=dibf?php.otohp/!#sotohp=ks?04624514975/8191 .o=

( retaeht&3=epyt&04624514975 : laggnat adap seskaiD ,2102 lirpA 6)BIW 61.32 lukup .

7834/f/moc.aisenodniaisenodni.www//:ptth - ap nawalh - lanoisan - otrit - ihda - /ojreos

)BIW 01.91 lukup ,1102 ieM 42 : laggnat adap seskaiD( .


89

SUBALIS halokeS amaN AMS :

margorP laisoS nauhategneP umlI :

narajaleP ataM harajeS :

saleK / retsemeS : 2 / IX

narajaleP nuhaT 102 : 1 102 / 2

isnetepmoK radnatS : sisilanagneM gnapeJ nakududnep nagned iapmas taraB huragnep aynkusam kajes aisenodnI asgnab nagnabmekrep .

isnetepmoK

rasaD iretaM

narajalebmeP namalagneP

rajaleB rotakidnI

naialineP isakolA

utkaw

talA / rebmuS nahaB /

rajaleB

kinkeT kutneB nemurtsnI

hotnoC nemurtsnI

2.2 sisilanagneM

nagnubuh

aratna

nagnabmekrep

mahap - mahap

nad urab

isamrofsnart

nagned laisos

ihdA otriT malad ojreoS

nakaregreP lanoisaN sreP

2091 - 8191 .

rataL gnakaleb

ihdA otriT

ijakgnem nagneD

nakukalem ,ukub

,isatneserp ,isuksid

bawaj aynat nad

awsis nakparahid

: tapad

nakispirksedneM gnakaleb ratal

ojreoS ihdA otriT

.1 fitingoK :

.a kudorP

nakispirksedneMal gnakaleb rat

ojreoS ihdA otriT nujret malad

srep ainud . .b sesorP akgnidnabmeM

rabak tarus n gnay

seT t silutreT

noN

set t

naiarU

oilofotroP

ratal apAlaisos gnakaleb -

otriT ayadub ojreoS ihdA malad nujret

? srep ainud haltauB

idnabrep nagn aratna tarus

gnay rabak gnabmekreb

54 x 2

tineM

: rebmuS

namhcarrudbA

.)2002( .ojdrahimojruS

igeS aparebeB

nagnabmekreP harajeS

aisenodnI id sreP .

.sapmoK :atrakaJ

.aytidaR N arawsI


99

asek nad narad

nakaregrep

.naasgnabek

nujret ojreoSainud malad

.srep

otriT araC ojreoS ihdA

alolegnem.srep

isubirtnoK

irad natabilretek

ihdA otriT malad ojreoS

.srep ainud

ret malad nuj.srep ainud

sisilanagneM ihdA otriT arac

alolegnem ojreoSsrep .

isakifitnedigneM

irad isubirtnok

otriT natabilretek

ojreoS ihdA

.srep ainud malad

gnabmekreb daba mulebes

ek - nagned 02 rabak tarus.otriT ikilim

isilanagneM s ihdA otriT arac

alolegnem ojreoSsrep .

isakifitnedigneM irad isubirtnoK

otriT natabilretek ojreoS ihdA

srep ainud malad .

.2 fitkefA :

.a retkaraK

pakis itayahgneM

emsilanoisan uata

tagnames

naasgnabek gnay

arap helo ikilimid

.nawalhap

nasaguneP

daba mulebes ek -d 02 tarus nagne

kilim rabak otriT !

ialin naksaleJ -

gnitnep ialin atik tapad gnay

irad helorep sativtka

p nagnaujre ihdA otriT

iulalem ojreoSrabak tarus ?

.)8002( ayraK - ayraK

ihdA otriT pakgneL

nakaregreP sreP :ojreoS

naasgnabeK nad .

b:I :atrakaJ eokeo .

.reoT atnanA aydeomarP

.)3002( .alumeP gnaS

aretneL :atrakaJ

aratnapiD .

.)6891(.C drawdE ,htimS

id sreP naledierbmeP

aisenodnI isreV(

:atrakaJ .)nahamejreT

sreP itifarG akatsuP.TP .

.kkd,nezhaR kifuaT

.)7002( sreP dabaeS

naasgnabeK : atrakaJ .

b:I eokeo .


001

,atrakaygoY 8 ieM 2102 narajaleP ataM uruG

sirK hisgninayteS anit

.b nalipmareteK

laisoS

amasajrekeB

kopmolek malad

iagrahgnem nad

namet tapadnep

.adebreb gnay

.3 kirotomokisP :

nakkujnuneM

isakol

nagnaubmep

ihdA otriT ojreoS

nagned

nakanuggnem

atep .

: talA ,laoS utraK ,PHO,DCL utraK

,romoN ,rabmaG ateP nad

silut napaP . : nahaB p rewoP ,tnio satreK

t ,isnarapsnar ,satreK

rupaK nad ,lodipS ,gnitnuG

.silut


101

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER

amaN alokeS h : AMS

narajaleP ataM : harajeS

K retsemeS / sale / IX : 2

margorP laisoS nauhategneP umlI :

kokoP iretaM : lanoisaN sreP nakaregreP malad ojreoS ihdA otriT

2091 - 8191 irad nugnaB aretupimuB gnacnoggneP :

aynrudiT

utkaW : 2 tineM 54 x

.I isnetepmoK radnatS

taraB huragnep aynkusam kajes aisenodnI asgnab nagnabmekrep sisilanagneM

gnapeJ nakududnep nagned iapmas .

.II netepmoK rasaD is

sisilanagneM mahap nagnabmekrep aratna nagnubuh - nad urab mahap

.naasgnabek nakaregrep nad naradasek nagned laisos isamrofsnart

.III rotakidnI

.1 : fitingoK

.a kudorP

nakispirksedneM gnakaleb ratal ainud malad nujret ojreoS ihdA otriT

.srep

.b sesorP

ek daba mulebes gnabmekreb gnay rabak tarus nakgnidnabmeM - 02

.otriT kilim rabak tarus nagned

sisilanagneM srep alolegnem ojreoS ihdA otriT arac .

isakifitnedigneM malad ojreoS ihdA otriT natabilretek irad isubirtnok

.srep ainud


201

.2 : fitkefA

.a retkaraK

emsilanoisan pakis itayahgneM naasgnabek tagnames uata gnay

.nawalhap arap helo ikilimid

.b laisoS nalipmareteK

amasajrekeB kopmolek malad gnay namet tapadnep iagrahgnem nad

adebreb .

.3 kirotomokisP

nakkujnuneM ojreoS ihdA otriT nagnaubmep isakol nagned

atep nakanuggnem .

.VI narajalebmeP iretaM ( ripmalreT )

.1 gnakaleb rataL .srep ainud malad nujret ojreoS ihdA otriT

.2 p alolegnem ojreoS ihdA otriT araC .sre

.3 malad ojreoS ihdA otriT natabilretek irad isubirtnoK .srep ainud

.V nad ledoM narajalebmeP edoteM

ledoM :

eP epiT fitarepooK narajalebm rehtegoT daeH derebmuN )THN(

: edoteM

,isuksiD P nad ,isatneser T .bawaj ayna

.IV narajalebmeP nataigeK

.A akum patat nataigeK

oN narajalebmeP nataigeK utkaW)tineM(

1. nauluhadneP

: ispesrepA

malas nakpacugnem uruG ,akubmep nagned naktujnalid

okgnep n reb ,salek naisid .isneserp nad ,aod

gnay iretam ilabmek tagnignem kutnu awsis kajagnem uruG

t iulalem ,aynmulebes naumetrep adap irajalepid halet a ayn

bawaj d akirebmem arac nagne naaaynatrep aparebeb n .

isavitoM :

uruG nakirebmem tset erp awsis adapek akubmep iagabes

’51


301

iretam adap kusam mulebes itni kutnu naujutreb ini tset erP .

gnay iretam nagned aynmulebes awsis nauhategnep naktiagnem

irajalepid naka sis lawa naupmamek iuhategnem kutnu atres aw

id naka gnay iretam padahret .sahab

C hotno laos : tset erp

asgnab kilim amatrep lanoisan rabak tarus aman apA

nI aisenod ?

apaiS lanoisan srep ropolep hokot aman ?

: isatneirO

naujut nakiapmaynem uruG narajalebmep id naka gnay iapac helo

awsis narajalebmep nataigek itukignem amales .

2. itnI nataigeK

isarolpskE

naksalejnem uruG mumu araces narabmag awsis adapek

ianegnem .lanoisan srep nakaregrep malad ojreoS ihdA otriT

wsiS .urug nasalejnep nakitahrepmem a

malad ek awsis igabmem uruG kopmolek 6 gnisam( - gnisam

irad iridret 4-5 paites nad )gnaro sis irebid kopmolek malad aw

kopmolek atoggna halmuj nagned iauses adebreb gnay romon

tubesret .

gnisam kutnu laos irebmem uruG - laos nagned romon gnisam

adebreb gnay aynromon pait adap .

isarobalE

kopmolek malad gnubagreb awsiS gnisam - nad gnisam

naidumek nad nakirebid halet gnay laos nakajregnem

aynkopmolek atoggna hurules adapek aynnabawaj naksalejnem .

iulaleM kutnu atnimid awsis ,kopmolek isuksid

ialin isakifitnednignem - lin iretam malad gnudnakret gnay ia .

pait irad awsis araP surah amas gnay romon nagned kopmolek

adapek nakisatnesrepid kutnu akerem nabawaj nakpaisrepmem

.urug atnimid akitek salek id awsis hurules

atnimid amas gnay romon irad urug helo kujnutid gnay awsiS

.aynnabawaj nakisatnesrepmem kutnu

’06


401

isamrifnoK

kalem awsiS gnay iretam gnatnet bawaj aynat naku

.urug nautnab nagned nakisatneserpid

nad ipaggnanem kutnu natapmesek irebid awsiS lah tatacnem -

gnitnep gnay lah .nakisatneserpid halet gnay iretam irad

nad tapet gnaruk gnay nabawaj adap isakifiralk irebmem uruG

irebmem .raneb gnay nabawaj adap nataugnep

.3 putuneP

amasreb uruG sahabid halet gnay iretam naklupmiynem awsis utiay

gnatnet .lanoisan srep nakaregrep malad ojreoS ihdA otriT

awsiS irad nalupmisek tatacnem kutnu natapmesek irebid lisah

.isuksid

taafnam naklupmiynem nad iskelfer nakukalem awsis nad uruG

ialin atres - ialin gnay iretam irajalepmem haletes helorepid gnay

.nakisuksidid halet

nakirebmem uruG nahara al kadnit tujn awsis adapek narajalebmep

narajalebmep anacner nad )iridnam sagut nad rutkurtsret sagut(

.ayntukireb

’51

.B rutkurtsret saguT

: gnatnet isuksidreb licek kopmolek malad awsiS

.1 l apA srep ainud malad nujret ojreoS ihdA otriT gnakaleb rata ?

.2 p haltauB ek daba mulebes gnabmekreb gnay rabak tarus nagnidnabre -

agned 02 kilim rabak tarus n ojreoS ihdA otriT !

.3 ialin naksaleJ - sativitka irad helorep atik tapad gnay gnitnep ialin

! rabak tarus iulalem ojreoS ihdA otriT nagnaujrep

.4 malad isuksid lisah nusuyneM .silutret naropal kutneb

.C rutkurtsret kadit iridnam saguT

rabmag tenretni uata naakatsuprep irad iracnem udividni araces awsiS -

mag gnatnet oediv uata rab srep nakaregrep malad ojreoS ihdA otriT

.lanoisan


501

.IIV / rebmuS talA nahaB / rajaleB

: rebmuS

namhcarrudbA .)2002( .ojdrahimojruS nagnabmekreP igeS aparebeB

aisenodnI id sreP harajeS sapmoK :atrakaJ . .

.)8002( .aytidaR N arawsI ayraK - sreP:ojreoS ihdA otriT pakgneL ayraK

naasgnabeK nad nakaregreP .eokeob :I :atrakaJ .

.)3002( .reoT atnanA aydeomarP alumeP gnaS J . .aratnapiD aretneL : atraka

.)6891( .C drawdE ,htimS aisenodnI id sreP naledierbmeP isreV(

sreP itifarG akatsuP .TP :atrakaJ .)nahamejreT .

.)7002( .kkd ,nezhaR kifuaT naasgnabeK sreP dabaeS .eokeob:I : atrakaJ.

: talA

,PHO,DCL K ,laoS utra ,romoN utraK ateP .rabmaG nad

: nahaB

.silut rupaK nad ,lodipS ,gnitnuG ,satreK ,isnarapsnart satreK ,tniop rewoP

.IIIV naialineP

.1 kepsA ( fitingoK ripmalreT )

.2 A A keps fitkef ( ripmalreT )

.3 kepsA ( kirotomokisP ripmalreT )

.4 tujnal kadniT

it alibapa lisahreb nakataynid awsiS takgn 7 irad hibel aynnaiapacnep %5 .

irebmeM nak nit gnay awsis kutnu idimer margorp aynnaiapacnep takg

7 irad gnaruk %5 .

it gnay awsis kutnu naayagnep margorp nakirebmeM aynnaiapacnep takgn

7 irad hibel %5 .

,atrakaygoY ieM 8 2102 narajaleP ataM uruG

sirK anit sgninayteS hi


601

narajalebmeP iretaM naripmaL .A leB rataL d nujreT ojreoS ihdA otriT gnaka sreP ainuD mala

.1 laisoS gnakaleB rataL - ayaduB

laisos gnakaleb rataL - ainud malad nujret ojreoS ihdA otriT ayadub

adap aynnaicnebek nad nakididnep gnakaleb ratal halada srep uata isidart

.iyayirp atsak malad ukalreb gnay naasaibek

.2 laisoS gnakaleB rataL - kitiloP

laisos gnakaleb rataL - halada srep ainud malad nujret otriT kitilop

adnaleB aidniH takaraysam malad awhab iradaynem otriT malad igabret

m gnay asgnab utiay ,nagnolog aud .hatnirepret gnay asgnab nad hatnireme

asgnab halada hatniremem gnay asgnab malad kusamret gnay otriT igaB

halada hatnirepret gnay asgnab malad kusamret gnay nakgnades ,adnaleB

uti asam adap gnay aohgnoiT nagnolog aguj nad aretupimuB nagnolog

d adareb aguj hatnirepret gnay nagnoloG .lainolok nasadninep hawab i

nagnolog irad napasihgnep nad nasadninep imalagnem ulales gnay halini

.hatniremem gnay

ini otriT naksumurid gnay hatnirepret asgnab pesnoK

naradasek ikilimem halet ai ,uti asam adap awhab nakkujnunem

b asgnaB .asgnabre - asgnab iagabes otriT naksumurid ini hatnirepret asgnab

id adareb gnay nakrasadreb kutnebret nad lainolok naasaukek hawab

nupuata naayadubek naamasrep nataki nakrasadreb nakub ,kitilop nataki

.harad kutnu otriT gnorodnem gnay halini isidnoK srep ainud malad nujret

,aynigaB .aynasgnab gnolonem asib gnay rabak tarus naktibrenem nad

nalidakaditek ignaremem kutnu hupma gnay atajnes nakidajid tapad srep

saul araces tapad otriT ,alup srep iulaleM .ayniregen id idajret gnires gnay

mahap nakrabeynem hurules ek naksumur ai halet gnay naasgnabek

aratna id nautasrep asar taukrepmem anug adnaleB aidniH hayaliw

.aynasgnab


701

.B sreP alolegneM ojreoS ihdA otriT araC

.1 d sreP sreP ainuD malad nujreT otriT mulebes aisenodnI i

aisenodnI id srep ianegnem aracibreB ojreoS ihdA otriT mulebes

ianegnem aracibreb naka atik akam ,srep ainud malad nujret aidniH id srep

adnaleB s ek daba mulebe - .02 helob 02 daba mulebes aisenodnI id sreP

gnay rabak tarus uti taas adap anerak ,adnaleB kilim hisam nakatakid

bmekreb nad hubmut nad nakahasuid aynaumes ripmah aisenodnI id gna

utiay ayntujnales nagnabmekrep adap nupiksem ,adnaleB helo nakajrekid

ek daba nahagnetrep ratikes - ek daba gnalejnem nad 91 - nakanarep 02

inrum srep numaN .tabilret ialum hadus aguj imubirp nad aohgnoiT

mubirp ek daba mulebes i - nupiksem ,ada muleb hisam nakatakid asib 02

.uyaleM asahab nakanuggnem gnay rabak tarus ada halet uti asam adap

.2 sreP alolegneM otriT araC

.a otriT rabaK taruS ladoM

S naktibrenem kutnu otriT nakanugid gnay ladom raseb naigabe

rabak tarus gnaro aparebeb irad nautnab lisah nakapurem habmatid

aynkilim adneb atrah nalaujnep lisah nagned aguj otriT numaN .

tarus kutnu anad naklupmugnem malad kinu gnay arac ikilimem

nad nakanuggnem utiay aynrabak id ,againreb malad takaraysam a anam

atnimem otriT gnau uluhad hibel rayabmem kutnu aynnanaggnal arap

aynpaggnaid naka gnay ,utnetret utkaw akgnaj kutnu aynnanaggnal

anad nakirebmem aidesreb takaraysam aliB .naahasurep mahas iagabes

adaP .knab irad ladom nakanuggnem halada ayntujnales hakgnal

c ,uti utkaw ay arac nakapurem otriT hupmetid gnay ara malad urab gn

naagainrep ainud p .imubir

.b otriT rabaK taruS isI

otriT malad urab gnologret gnay edotem uata arac ikilimem

asam id gnabmekreb gnay rabak tarus aliB .aynrabak tarus isignem

kutnu hilimem hibel aynmulebes nagned akerem rabak tarus isignem

tarus nagned kadit akam ,hitup srep irad nilaynem uata pitugnem arac

nauhategnep naktakgninem kutnU .otriT helo alolekid gnay rabak


801

tarus isignem ahasureb otriT akam ,gnadib alages id ayntaykar

amet nagned aynrabak - y amet isis aumes ripmah hutneynem gna

aguj otriT ,uti aynah nakuB .nauhategnep umli nad napudihek

anerak aynrabak tarus isignem malad tabilret aynacabmep taubmem

adap natapmesek nakirebmem otriT rabak tarus alolegnem malad

nnaudagnep nakmirignem kutnu aynacabmep taruS .iskader adapek ay

taumid naidumek nad otriT helo bawajid naidumek tubesret naudagnep

naktapadnem aguj otriT gnaraj kat nakhaB .aynrabak tarus malad

niamreb ayngnusgnal namalagnep irad aynnasalu nahab - taked id niam

nubuh tare ini laH .naasaukek tasup aynnatakedek nagned aynnag

stueH nav laredneJ runrebuG nagned z ,ini aynnatakedek iulaleM .

nikames idajnem nahatniremep kuleb kules gnatnet otriT nauhategnep

gnatnet taumem kaynab otriT rabak tarus taubmem ini laH .habmatreb

iremep nagned natiakreb gnay usi id amaturet ,mukuh nad hatn nadeM

ijajirP .

.c otriT rabaK taruS isgnuF

naknalajnem aynnaataynek adap otriT ikilimid gnay rabak taruS

,kididnem ,isamrofni rabeynep iagabes isgnuf utiay srep rasad isgnuf

nad ,mumu tapadnep kutnebmep nad rulaynep ,nakgnubuhgnem

,uti nialeS .laisos lortnok otriT aguj aynrabak tarus nakisgnufgnem

ebmem nagnaujrep tala iagabes ini laH .sadnitret gnay ayntaykar al

malad id ada gnay emsilanoisan pakis nagned ihuragnepid aynutnet

.otriT irid

.d naggnaleP iracneM otriT araC

gnay araC naktapadnem nad iracnem malad otriT nakanugid

acabmep arap itakednem arac nagned utiay aynnaggnalep - tile acabmep

am kutnu rasebmep arap uata N .aynrabak tarus nanaggnalreb u ama -

malad id aynnaktubesid ini itaked ai lisahreb gnay rasebmep aman

aynrabak tarus tuki uam nial takaraysam naujut nagned - natuki

otriT lawa kajes hadus ,aynkapmaT .aynrabak tarus ilebmem


901

helo nakukalid gnay apa itukignem naka taykar awhab iradaynem

aynnipmimep .

.3 sreP alolegneM amales otriT ipadahiD gnay natabmaH

iT ,srep alolegnem amaleS utiay natabmah aud imalagnem otr

.adnaleB aidniH id larednej runrebug naitnagrep nad nagnauek natilusek

.C d otriT natabilreteK irad isubirtnoK sreP ainuD mala

.1 p ainud malad isubirtnoK sre gnay lanoisan rabak tarus nakrihalem :

utiay amatrep ijajirP nadeM .)7091(

.2 e gnadib malad isubirtnoK imonok : gnagad naahasurep aynkutnebret

utiay mukuh nadabreb gnay amatrep imubirp M VN ijajirP nade .

.3 s gnadib malad isubirtnoK laiso : itupilem ,

.a rabak tarus iulalem atinaw isapisname nakareg gnorodneM utiay

naktibrenem nagned aidniH irteoP .)8091(

.b sadnitret gnay imubirp muak adap nautnab nakirebmeM nad iapmas

9091 nuhat , gnaro - iulalem otriT ahasu anerak sabeb halet gnay gnaro

.gnaro 522 iapacnem halet mukuh nautnab iulalem nupuam katec ayad

.c lakiC b iagabes uyaleM asahab nagnabmekrep lakab asgnaB asaha

aisenodnI uyaleM asahab nakutnenem malad narep ikilimem otriT(

)aisenodnI asahab iagabes

.d aohgnoiT nagnolog nagned naaraduasrep asar nilajneM ,ini lah malaD .

otriT paggnagnem noiT kududnep uata nagnolog aohg asgnab iagabes

.imubirp nagned nakamasrepid gnay s nakhaB silanruj gnaroes iagabe

aguj otriT ,iridnes rabak tarus ikilimem lisahreb halet gnay

.aohgnoiT nagnolog igab aynrabak tarus id tapmet nakaideynem


011

naialineP naripmaL .1 fitingoK kepsA

.a kudorP

kinkeT silutret seT :

naiarU : kutneB

: laoS

.1 laisos gnakaleb ratal apA - ayadub ojreoS ihdA otriT ainud malad nujret

?srep rokS ( 53 )

.2 laisos gnakaleb ratal apA - ainud malad nujret ojreoS ihdA otriT kitilop

?srep rokS ( 53 )

.3 otriT hupmetid hanrep gnay nakididnep huragnep raseb aparebeS

srep ainud malad aynnatabilretek padahret ? rokS ( 03 )

: teK

namodeP :kudorp naialinep

.b sesorP

: isuksiD laoS

.1 ek daba mulebes gnabmekreb gnay rabak tarus nagnidnabrep haltauB -

!otriT ikilimid gnay rabak tarus nagned 02

.2 arac naksaleJ - nakanugid gnay arac !srep alolegnem malad otriT

.3 !otriT rabak tarus isgnuf naksaleJ

.4 ! srep alolegnem akitek otriT ipadahid gnay natabmah naksaleJ

.5 malad ojreoS ihdA otriT natabilretek irad isubirtnok nakisakifitnedI

!srep ainud

oN S rok ialiN

1 68 – 001 B kia ilakeS

2 7 1 – 85 kiaB

3 65 – 70 pukuC

4 55 < gnaruK


111

:sesorp naialinep airetirK

pakis alaks nakanuggnem naialinep airetirK 1- ,5 : airetirk nagned

1 rokS ,fisaP : fitarepook kadit , gnem kadit nad namet iagrah .

2 rokS tapad ipatet ,fitarepook kadit ,fisaP : gnem namet iagrah .

3 rokS fitarepook ,fisaP : , namet iagrahgnem tapad nad .

4 rokS fitarepook ,fitkA : , namet iagrahgnem tapad nad .

5 rokS as ,fitkA : gnem tapad nad ,fitarepook tagn namet iagrah .

%00152

xrokShalmuJN

2kudorpialiNsesorpialiN

AN

oN

. amaN

iagrahgneM

namet

libmagneM

narilig

jagneM naku

naaynatrep

tneserpmeM

lisah nakisa

bawajneM

naaynatrep halmuJ

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5


211

.2 fitkefA kepsA

kinkeT : t noN se

: kutneB ajreniK isavresbO nemurtsnI

kutnu ajreniK isavresbO nemurtsnI pakiS naialineP

............................ : kopmoleK

oN amaN

awsiS

gnay kepsAialinid

hlmJ

ialiN

ataR -

atar

tagnameS

amasajrekeB

gnuggnaT

bawaJ

naggneT g

asaR

1

2

3

: nagnareteK

: naialineP airetirK

ajreK tagnameS kepsA 3 ialiN kiaB :

namet aumes nagned amasajrekeb uaM . 2 ialiN : gnadeS

kiab utigeb gnaruk amasajrekeb malaD . 1 ialiN : gnaruK

amasajrekeb uam kadiT namet nagned .

bawaJ gnuggnaT kepsA 3 ialiN kiaB :

iggnit bawaj gnuggnat asaR . 2 ialiN gnadeS :

bawaj gnuggnat asar ada gnaruK . 1 ialiN gnaruK :

iridnes aynkanees / bawaj gnuggnat ada gnaruK .

asaR gnaggneT kepsA 3 ialiN kiaB :

iagrahgneM nial namet nad urug . 2 ialiN gnadeS :

nial namet nad urug iagrahgnem gnaruK . 1 ialiN gnaruK :

nial namet nad urug iagrahgnem tapad kadit uata keuc aynpakiS .


311

.3 kirotomokisP kepsA

kinkeT : t noN se

: kutneB ajreniK isavresbO nemurtsnI

ubmaR - ubmar gniroks

oN naialineP airetirK 1 rokS 2 rokS 3 rokS

1 isnakifingiS

takgnit raseb aparebeS

uata naiausesek naankamrebek

nagned nakirebid gnay isamrofni

? sahabid gnay kipot

nahabmat ada kadiT

anerak isamrofni

nagned amas hisam

.ukub

nahabmat adA

nupiksem ,isamrofni

tapet gnaruk

.aynnaranebek

gnay isamrofnI

tagnas nakhabmatid

.raneb nad iauses

2 namahameP

takgnit kiab aparebeS

kidid atresep namahamep

gnaur nad takikah padahret

? nakijasid gnay halasam pukgnil

gnay hakgnaL

id ,turu nakiapmas

muleb ipatet

nad iretam imahamem

naksalejnem hisam

namet nautnab nagned

.ukub akubmem nad

gnay hakgnaL

id ,turu nakiapmas

tapad hadus

iretam naksalejnem

,ukub tahilem apnat

hisam ipatet

nakhutubmem

kutnu namet nautnab

.naksalejnem

gnay hakgnaL

id nakiapmas turu

atres ,pakgnel nad

naksalejnem tapad

ukub tahilem apnat

aynatreb nupuam

.namet adap

3 isatnemugrA

gnay nasala kiab aparebeS

tiakret kidid atresep nakirebid

gnay nahalasamrep nagned

? nakaracibid

kadiT

naknahatrepmem

kadit nad tapadnep

ikilimem nairidnep

.patet

naknahatrepmeM

ipatet ,tapadnep

irad kitirk kalonem

.nial kopmolek

naknahatrepmeM

kopmolek tapadnep

uam nad

nakragnednem

kopmolek irad kitirk

.nial

4 fisnopseR

naiausesek raseb aparebeS

atresep nakirebid gnay nabawaj

tiakret kidid nagned

? nakaracibid gnay nahalasamrep

aynah nad suires kadiT

araces bawajnem

kadit atres takgnis

.salej

gnay nabawaJ

nakirebid

nad nakgnugnibmem

bawajnem muleb

gnay naaynatrep

.nakirebid

gnay nabawaJ

tapad nakirebid

bawajnem

iksem ,naaynatrep

utnet muleb .raneb


411

5 kopmoleK amasajreK

atoggna raseb aparebeS

malad isapisitrapreb kopmolek

? naijaynep

gnay gnaro utas aynaH

.isapisitrapreb

irad naigabes aynaH

kopmolek atoggna

.isapisitrapreb gnay

atoggna huruleS

gnay kopmolek

.isapisitrapreb

anamiagaB atoggna paites

asarem kopmolek

sata bawajgnuggnatreb

kopmolek nahalasamrep ?

gnay gnaro utas aynaH

bawajnem ulales

gnay naynatrep

.nakujaid

irad naigabes aynaH

kopmolek atoggna

amasajrekeb gnay

bawajnem kutnu

gnay naaynatrep

.nakujaid

atoggna huruleS

molek gnilas kop

utnabmem

bawajnem

gnay naaynatrep

.nakujaid

arap anamiagaB p ijayne

irad tapadnep iagrahgnem

? nial kopmolek

uam kadiT

nakragnednem

irad tapadnep

.nial kopmolek

nakragnednem uaM

irad tapadnep

ipatet ,nial kopmolek

.aynhunepes kadit

nakragnedneM

irad tapadnep

nial kopmolek

hunep nagned

.naitahrep

5 toboB x kepsA aumeS rokS latoT : gnirokS


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