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Larynx

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(b) Heart wall and coverings. (c) Frontal section showing interior chambers and valves.

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The syestemic and pulmonary circulations. The Left side of the heart is the systemic pump; the right side is the pulmonary circuit pump.

(although there are two pulmonary arteries. One each to the right and the

left lung. For simplicity only one is shown.) 19

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Summary of events during the cardiac cycle. (small black arrows indicate the regions of the heart that are contracting; thick red and blue

arrows indicate direction of blood flow. During the isovolumetric (literally

same volume measurement) phases in periods 2 and 3, the ventricles are closed chambers and the volume of blood they is unchanging.) 22

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Structure of blood vessels. (a) Scanning electron micrograph of an artery and vein in cross section (120X). (b) The walls of (endothelium underlain by a basement

membrane), tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibers), and tubica externa

(largerly collagen fibers). Capillaries between arteries and veins in the circulatory pathway are composed only of the tunica intima. Notice that the tunica media is thick in arteries and relatively thin in veins. Part (a): Copyright by R.G Kessel and R.H. Kardon, Tissues and organs: A Text-Atlas of Scanning Electron Microscopy, W.H.

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Major arteries of the systemic circulation. Anterior view.

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Arteries supply of the brain. (Cerebrum is shown only on the left side of the brain.) 28

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Body sites where the pulse is most easily palpated. 30

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Systems in Sync Homeostatic Relationships between the Cardiovascular System and

Other Body Systems

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