inoutpelan induk perindustrian (pip) 1986 pengenalan sejak mencapai kemerdekaan, kerajaan malaysia...

8/18/2019 InOutPelan Induk Perindustrian (PIP) 1986 Pengenalan Sejak mencapai kemerdekaan, kerajaan Malaysia telah menggiatkan usaha kearah mewujudkan Malaysia sebagai sebu…

1/42

Microprocessors

Input/Output Interface

(Chapter 10)


2/42

Introduction

• In a typical computer system, the user communicates with the computer via

standard peripheral devices such as the ey!oard, mouse, display, printer e"t"c"

• #urthermore computers and microprocessor !ased systems are used ininstrumentation or automatic control applications" In such cases it is necessary

that the microprocessor reads the state of input devices (switches, sensors) and

activate some output devices (motors, heaters, li$hts)"

• %he I/O interface is re&uired to ena!le the interface !etween the microprocessor

and the peripheral devices"• %he peripheral devices are connected on a microprocessor system throu$h the

Input/Output ports"

• %he I/O interface provides the followin$'

Isolation !etween the !uses and the peripheral devices"

ddress decodin$"

*ynchroni+ation/atchin$"


3/42

Isolated vs Memory-mapped I/O

• Isolated I/O

I/O locations are separate from memory locations

*pecial I/O instructions are used

%he most common techni&ue for Intel microprocessors

dvanta$e' More space for memory

.isadvanta$e' dditional control si$nals (IO/M) and instructions increase compleity

• Memory-mapped I/O

I/O devices are treated as memory locations in the memory map

ny memory transfer instruction can !e used (MO, ., *% etc)

dvanta$es' *impler decodin$ circuitry, no special instructions re&uired

.isadvanta$e' portion of the memory system is used as the I/O map, reducin$ the

memory availa!le to applications


4/42

Input/Output Instructions

• %he 2022 and 20324 processors use the 14 lower address lines (0 to 15) to

address I/O devices" %his limits the maimum num!er of I/O ports to 467"

• %he I8 instruction copies the content of an input port to re$ister , 3 or 93"

• %he O:% instruction copies the content of re$ister , 3, or 93 to an output

port"

• e$ister is used for 2-!it ports, 3 for 14-!it ports and 93 for ;ead input port 00;0? into re$ister

• OUT 30H,AL >Copy re$ister to output port 00;0?"

Variable Address. %he address is specified throu$h re$ister .3 as a 14-!it address"

• MOV DX,3A0H >*et I/O address

• IN AL,DX >ead input port @.3A or ;0? into re$ister "

• OUT DX,AL >Copy re$ister to output port @.3A or ;0?


5/42

?i$h evel an$ua$e Input/Output Instructions (Bascal)

• Input/Output using Pascal' I/O is o!tained usin$ the Bort@ AD instruction" X := Port[PortAddress]; /E Copy the contents of the specified port into 3 E/

Port[PortAddress] := X; /E Copy the contents of 3 into the specified port E/

• Input/Output using Delphi: .elphi does not allow direct access to I/O ports"

%his can !e done !y insertin$ assem!ly lan$ua$e code into .elphi as follows'

asm ; code equivalent to value:!port"portaddress#;be!"mo# d$,%ortaddress >specify the port address!" a&,d$ >input from the port specified !y FdG into FalGmo# #a&'e,a& >copy input data into varia!le valueD

e"d;

asm ; code equivalent to port"portaddress# :! value;

be!"

mo# d$,%ortaddress >specify the port address

mo# a&,#a&'e >move output data into re$ister FalG

o't d$,a& >output data to the port specified !y FdG

e"d;


6/42

?i$h evel an$ua$e Input/Output Instructions (C/CHH)

• $/$%% does not allow direct access to I/O ports" %his can !e done !y insertin$

assem!ly lan$ua$e code into the C/CHH code as follows'

((asm ; code equivalent to value:!port"portaddress#;

)


!" a&,d$ >input from the port specified !y FdG into FalG

mo# #a&'e,a& >copy input data into varia!le valueD

*

((asm ; code equivalent to port"portaddress# :! value;

)


mo# a&,#a&'e >move output data into re$ister FalG

o't d$,a& >output data to the port specified !y FdG

*


7/42

Input/Output :sin$ .s (C/CHH)

• #or protection purposes, modern operatin$ systems such as the indows 3B

do not allow the use of the I8 and the O:% instructions in the users pro$rams"

• way to have access to I/O ports is throu$h li!raries (. files) developed for

this purpose" *uch a li!rary is the !"o't3+d&&

• %o use this li!rary in isual *tudio (CHH) we must'

dd the !"o't3+&!b file in the iner properties

• BroJect -KBroperties-Kiner-KInput-Kdditional .ependencies

.efine the two functions for input and output and use them accordin$ly

short Lstdcall Inp;

void Lstdcall Out;

main()

{

short Inval = Inp32(889); /E input from port 22 into varia!le FInvalGE/

Out32(888,0x2f); /E Output the he value


8/42

*imple Input Bort

• n input port can !e implemented

usin$ a simple octal !uffer such as

the =6*


9/42

*imple Output Bort (:sin$ the =6*;=;)

• n output port can !e implemented

usin$ a simple octal latch such as

the =6*;=;"

• %he address decodin$ circuit

ena!les the .-latches of the

=6*;=; whenever the port

address is selected !y the

processor" In such a case the state

of the data !us is latched to the

output devices"

• %he address decodin$ circuit is

ena!led only if the IO/M si$nal is

set ?i$h !y the 2022 (ow for the

24 processors) and the si$nal

is ow"

+(010

.

98

23 O2

1

.=

.0

.

IO/MN

& '

& & ( ) s t e *

0

H5

11

10

2

=

4

5

6

11 10 2 6 = 4 5 1 ; < 0

0 1 0 0 00 1 1 33 3 3

ddress

640? to 64#?

Logic 1 => LE! is O""Logic 0 => LE! is O#


10/42

*imple Output Bort (:sin$ the =6?C%5=;)

• %he =6?C%5=; is pin compati!le

with the =6*;=;" %here are three

si$nificant differences'

%he 5=; has all inputs on the left side and

all outputs on the ri$ht side of the IC,

while the ;=; has the even num!ered

inputs on the left side and the odd

num!ered inputs on the ri$ht side" %hus

the 5=; is easier to !y handled on BCP

!oards"

%he ?C%5=; has a


11/42

*imple I/O 9ample 1 (?ardware)

• .raw a circuit to show how 2 switches can !e connected on the input port ;?

and 2 9.s on the output port 5C?"

*i l I/O 9 l 1 (* ft )


12/42

*imple I/O 9ample 1 (*oftware)

rite a pro$ram to eep readin$ the state of the switches and switch O8 the 9.

at the position form !y the switches at .


13/42

Mas Operations

(a) rite a pro$ram to eep readin$ the

"$%& '(ite ) p(og()* to +eep (e)ding the

st)te o, the switches )nd switch O#

the LE!s ,o( which the co((esponding

switch is closed-

*i l I/O 9 l


14/42

*imple I/O 9ample <

#our float switches and four 9.s are used to indicate the level of a li&uid in the tan shown !elow"

%he switches and the 9.s are connected on a computer throu$h an interface !oard with an input

and an output port occupyin$ the address 640? to 64#?"

• .raw the circuit dia$ram of the interface !oard"

• rite a pro$ram to eep readin$ the state of the float switches and display the li&uid level on the9.s" If an error is detected then switch O8 all 9.s"

I n t e r f a c e

P o a r d

9mpty,ow?alf #ull

.I;

.I<

.I1

.I0

.O;

.O<

.O1

.O6

Closed

Closed

Open

Open

?i$h

.O0

.I; .I< .O; .O


15/42

*imple I/O 9ample < (Circuit .ia$ram)

1

.=

.0

.

IO/MN

& ' & & ( ) s t e *

0

H5

4$5610

.

98

23 O2

+(,--

./ .,

.I0

.I1

.I<

.I;

.O6

.O;

.O<

.O1

.O0

11

10

2

=

4

5

6

)11 )10 ) )2 )6 )= )4 )5 )1 ); )< )0

0 1 0 0 00 1 1 33 3 3

)ddress

640? to 64#?

*imple I/O 9ample < (*oftware usin$ Case/*witch *tatement)


16/42

*imple I/O 9ample < (*oftware usin$ Case/*witch *tatement)

Pseudo Code:

7et OutVal to 0, i8e s3ith off all leds

Repeat

Read Input port in InVal

Mask out D!,D2,D1,D0 from InVal

Case of InVal

0: OutMask = 11: OutMask = 2

!: OutMask =

%: OutMask = "

9: OutMask = 10

else OutMask = 19

Mask in D to D0 of OutMask in OutVal

&rite OutVal to Output port

'ntil ke(pressed

C)C** Code

main+

-

short InVal, OutVal = 0.

do -

InVal = Inp!2+0/#0.

InVal = InVal 0/f.

s3ith +InVal -

ase 0: OutMask = 1. 6reak.ase 1: OutMask = 2. 6reak.

ase !: OutMask = . 6reak.

ase %: OutMask = ". 6reak.

ase 0/f: OutMask = 0/10. 6reak.

default OutMask = 0/1f.

OutVal = +OutVal 0/e0 ; OutMask.

Out!2+0/#0,OutVal.

3hile +45k6hit+.

*imple I/O 9ample < (*oftware usin$ array as a looup ta!le)


17/42

*imple I/O 9ample < (*oftware usin$ array as a looup ta!le)

Pseudo Code:

= 00001 )?

= 00010 )?

= 00100 )?

= 01000 )?

= 10000 )?

= 111111 )?

Repeat


Mask out D2,D1,D0 from InVal

Mask in D2,D1,D0 of to OutVal


'ntil ke(pressed

C)C** Code

main+

-

short InVal, OutVal = 0.

short = 0/1, 0/2, 0/1f, 0/,

0/1f, 0/1f, 0/1f, 0/",

0/1f, 0/1f, 0/1f, 0/1f,

0/1f, 0/1f, 0/1f, 0/10.

do -

InVal = Inp!2+0/#0.

InVal = InVal 0/f.

OutMask = .

OutVal = +OutVal 0/e0 ; OutMask.

Out!2+0/#0,OutVal. 3hile +45k6hit+.

.C Motor *peed and .irection Control


18/42

.C Motor *peed and .irection Control

• %he speed of a .C motor is proportional to the .C volta$e applied at its terminal"

%hus the speed can !e controlled !y controllin$ the .C volta$e"

• %he .C volta$e can !e controlled !y'

Insertin$ a resistor in series with the .C motor"

• :nnecessary dissipation of ener$y on the resistor"

:sin$ Bulse idth Modulation (BM)

• %he direction of rotation a .C motor is reversed !y reversin$ the polarity of the

.C volta$e applied at its terminal"

%his can !e o!tained usin$ a relay (chan$e-over connection)"

Connectin$ a relay on an output port re&uires the use of hi$h current drivers such asthe :8


19/42

.C motor interface eample

.C motor is connected to a computer as shown !elow" %he switches and the motor

are connected on an input and an output port occupyin$ the address 640? to 64#?"

• .raw a circuit of the interface and the connections to the motor

• rite a pro$ram to eep readin$ the state of the switches and control the operationof the motor accordin$ly"

0

1

0

1

0

1

*tart/*top #ast/*low #wrd/ev"

Interface Poard

.C Motor


20/42

.C motor interface eample (*oftware usin$ conditional eecution)


21/42

.C motor interface eample (*oftware usin$ conditional eecution)

Pseudo Code:

7et OutVal to 0, i8e motor is O99

Repeat


If On)Off 6it = 1 then OutVal+D0 = 1

else OutVal+D0 = 0

If 9ast)7lo3 6it = 1 then OutVal+D1 = 1

else OutVal+D1 = 0

If 9r3d)Re@ 6it = 1 then OutVal+D2 = 1

else OutVal+D2 = 0


'ntil ke(pressed

.C motor interface eample (*oftware usin$ a looup ta!le)


22/42

.C motor interface eample (*oftware usin$ a looup ta!le)

Pseudo Code:

= 000 )? 000 ABmotor is Off

= 000 )? 001 ABmotor is Off

= 010 )? 010 AB OnA7lo3ARe@ = 011 )? 011 AB OnA7lo3A9r3d

= 000 )? 100 AB motor is Off

= 000 )? 101 AB motor is Off

= 110 )? 110 ABOnA9astARe@

= 111 )? 111 ABOnA9astA9r3d

Repeat


Mask out D2,D1,D0 from InVal

Mask in D2,D1,D0 of to OutVal


'ntil ke(pressed


23/42


24/42

=-se$ment .isplays 9ample1' Bro$ram


25/42

$ p y p $

=-*e$ment .isplays' 9ample


26/42

$ p y p

#our float switches and a =-se$ment display are used to indicate the level of a li&uid in the tan shown

!elow" %he switches and the display are connected on a computer throu$h an interface !oard with an input

and an output port occupyin$ the address 640? to 64#?" .raw the circuit dia$ram of the interface !oard"

rite a pro$ram to eep readin$ the state of the float switches and display the li&uid level on the display

usin$ the di$its #(#ull), ?(?i$h), (?alf), (ow) and 9(9mpty)" If an error is detected then switch O8 thedecimal point"

I n t e r f a c e P o a r d

.I;

.I<

.I1

.I0

.O;

.O<

.O1

.O6

.O0

.O4

.O5

.O=

a

!

c

de

f

$

a

!

c

d

e

f

$

dp

Open

Open

Closed

Closed

.I; .I<

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1

0 0 1 0

0 0 1 10 1 0 0

0 1 0 1

0 1 1 0

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 0

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

1 1 1 1

.I1 .I0

9mpty

ow

9rror

?alf 9rror

9rror

9rror

?i$h

9rror

9rror

9rror

9rror

9rror

9rror

9rror

#ull

*tate

9

"

"""?

"""""""

#

.i$it Code

=-se$ment .isplays 9ample1' Bro$ram


27/42

$ p y p $

=-se$ment .isplays 9ample;


28/42

$ y

)1

.=

.0

.

IO/MN

& ' & & ( ) s t e *

)0

H5

4$5610

.

98

23 O2

+(,--

./ .,

.I0

.I1

.I<

.I;

.O6

.O;

.O<

.O1

.O0

)11

)10

)

)2

)=

)4

)5

)6

.O5

.O4

.O=

a!

c

de

f

$

a

!

c

d

e

f

$

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 ;#

0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0C

1 1 1 0 1 1 0 =4 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 59

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 6.

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 5P

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 =P

0 0 0 1 1 1 0 09

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 =#

1 0 0 1 1 1 1 6#

1 1 0 1 1 1 1 4#

1 1 1 1 0 0 1 =

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 ;;

1 1 1 1 1 0 0 =C

1 1 1 0 0 1 1 =;

1 1 0 0 0 1 1 4;

- $ f e d c ! a

.0.1.


29/42

$ p y

=-se$ment .isplays 9ample1


30/42

$ y

)1

.=

.0

.

IO/MN

& ' & & ( ) s t e *

)0

H5

4$5610

.

98

23 O2

+(,--

./ .,

.I0

.I1

.I<

.I;

.O6

.O;

.O<

.O1

.O0

)11

)10

)

)2

)=

)4

)5

)6

.O5

.O4

.O=

a!

c

de

f

$

a

!

c

d

e

f

$

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 ;#

0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0C

1 1 1 0 1 1 0 =4 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 59

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 6.

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 5P

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 =P

0 0 0 1 1 1 0 09

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 =#

1 0 0 1 1 1 1 6#

1 1 0 1 1 1 1 4#

1 1 1 1 0 0 1 =

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 ;;

1 1 1 1 1 0 0 =C

1 1 1 0 0 1 1 =;

1 1 0 0 0 1 1 4;

- $ f e d c ! a

.0.1.


31/42

a) .raw a circuit dia$ram to show how four switches and two =-se$ment displays

can !e interfaced to an 2022 !ased system occupyin$ the address 10? to

1#?,


32/42

a) .raw a circuit dia$ram to show how four switches and a =-se$ment display

can !e interfaced to an 2022 !ased system occupyin$ the address 0? to

#?, #0? to ##? respectively"

!) rite a pro$ram to read the state of the switches and display on the =-se$ment display the letter'

• ?, if there are more switches closed than open,

• , if there are less switches closed than open,

• 9, if the num!er of switches closed is e&ual to the num!er of switches open"

?omewor- uestion ;


33/42

a) .raw a circuit dia$ram to show how si switches and ei$ht eds can !e

interfaced to an 2022 !ased system occupyin$ the address ;0? to ;#?,


34/42

a) .raw a circuit dia$ram to show how the followin$ can !e interfaced to an 2022

!ased system'

i" #our switches connected on an I/B port occupyin$ the address ran$e from ;0? to

;#?"

ii" 9i$ht eds connected on an O/B port occupyin$ the address ran$e from


35/42

a) .raw a circuit dia$ram to show how a common cathode =-se$ment display can

!e connected on an output port, occupyin$ the address C?"

!) rite a pro$ram to display the di$its from 0 to on the =-se$ment display with

a 1-second delay !etween di$its"c) rite a procedure to display on the =-se$ment display, the letter 9 if the

contents of the varia!le I8 is e&ual to 20?, the letter ? if I8 is $reater

than 20?, or the letter if I8 is less than 20?"

d) rite a pro$ram that eeps readin$ the !inary num!er from the input port

0? and displays on the =-se$ment display, a letter accordin$ to the ta!le

$iven !elow"

000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

9 I 7 4 8 9 F

?omewor- uestion 4


36/42

a) .raw a circuit dia$ram to show how the followin$ can !e interfaced to an 2022 systemi" %hree switches connected on an I/B port occupyin$ the address ran$e from 40? to 4#?"

ii" 9i$ht eds connected on an O/B port occupyin$ the address ran$e from 50? to 5#?"

!) rite a pro$ram to

i" read the code formed !y the three switches in a 1-second time intervals,

ii" convert the input code into a !inary value accordin$ to the ta!le !elow and store it in an array

called PI8, and

iii" display it as a !ar $raph on the ei$ht eds as shown in fi$ure !elow

#or eample if the switches form the num!er 101 then the num!er 110 must !e stored in the

array PI8 and the eds should display 11111110"

0 0 00 0 0

0 0 10 0 1

0 1 00 1 1

0 1 10 1 0

1 0 01 1 0

1 0 11 0 0

1 1 01 0 1

1 1 11 1 1

Input Pinary Par Rraph

%?9 2


37/42

VCC:


38/42

93MB9


39/42

• 7se a &,$66 PPI to interace our sitches at address


40/42

• Mode 0 operation causes the BBI to function as either !uffered input or latched

output

• %he 2


41/42

• ewrite the pro$ram of the eample of slide ;0, this time usin$ the BBI and

settin$ up the ports as shown in the previous slide

?omewor


42/42

• ll eamples of slides ;1-;4 can !e modified to include BBI interfacin$

inoutpelan induk perindustrian (pip) 1986 pengenalan sejak mencapai kemerdekaan, kerajaan malaysia...

Documents