viii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN....................................................................................... iii

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH.................... iv

PRAKATA ............................................................................................................. iv

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ....................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xiv

INTISARI ............................................................................................................... xv

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... xvi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ............................................................................... 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................... 4

1.3. Tujuan Peneltian............................................................................. 4

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum .................................................................... 4

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus .................................................................... 4

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................... 5

1.4.1. Manfaat Teoritis ................................................................. 5

1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis .................................................................. 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .............................................................................. 6

2.1. Pengertian Penyakit Hipertensi ...................................................... 6

2.2. Etiologi Penyakit Hipertensi .......................................................... 7

2.2.1. Manifestasi Penyakit Hipertensi ......................................... 8

2.2.2. Klasifikasi Penyakit Hipertensi .......................................... 9

2.2.3. Patofisiologi Hipertensi .................................................... 10

2.2.4. Penatalaksanaan Hipertensi .............................................. 11

ix

2.2.5. Faktor-faktor resiko Terjadinya Hipertensi ...................... 16

2.2.6. Komplikasi Hipertensi ...................................................... 21

2.3. Pengertian Pharmacovigilance ..................................................... 23

2.3.1. Tujuan Pharmacovigilance .............................................. 23

2.4. Pengertian Reaksi Obat Yang Tidak Dikehendaki (ROTD) ........ 24

2.5. Pengertian Algoritma Naranjo ..................................................... 25

2.6. Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang ............................... 26

2.7. Kerangka Teori............................................................................. 29

2.8. Kerangka Konsep ......................................................................... 29

2.9. Hipotesis ....................................................................................... 30

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN......................................................................... 31

3.1. Jenis Penelitian Dan Rancangan Penelitian ................................. 31

3.2. Variabel Dan Definisi Operasional .............................................. 31

3.2.1. Variabel bebas dan terikat ................................................ 31

3.2.2. Definisi Operasional ......................................................... 31

3.3. Populasi Dan Sampel ................................................................... 32

3.3.1. Populasi Penelitian ........................................................... 32

3.3.2. Sampel Penelitian ............................................................. 32

3.4. Instrumen Penelitian..................................................................... 34

3.5. Metode Pengumpulan Data .......................................................... 34

3.6. Cara Penelitian ............................................................................. 35

3.7. Tempat Dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................................... 37

3.7.1 Tempat Penelitian ............................................................. 37

3.7.2 Waktu Penelitian .............................................................. 37

3.7.3 Alur Penelitian .................................................................... 38

3.8. Pengolahan dan Analisa Data....................................................... 39

3.8.1. Pengolahan data ................................................................ 39

3.8.2. Analisa Data ..................................................................... 40

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ...................................... 41

4.1. Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan................................................. 41

4.1.1. Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas .................................. 41

x

4.1.2. Hasil Uji Deskripsi Variabel Penelitian ........................... 41

4.1.3. Analisis Hubungan Usia dan Jenis Kelamin Dengan

Kejadian ROTD Pada Pasien Hipertensi di Rumah

Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang ................................ 50

4.2. Pembahasan .................................................................................. 52

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................. 57

5.1. Kesimpulan .................................................................................. 57

5.2. Saran 58

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ 59

LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................... 64

xi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

mmHg : Milimeter Merkuri Hydrargyrum

CHF : Congestive Heart Failure

ROTD : Reaksi Obat Tidak Dikehendaki

ACEI : Angiotensin Convering Enzyme

CCB : Calcium Channel Blocker

WHO : World Health Organitation

JNC : Joint National Commite

DASH : Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

ARB : Angiotensin Reseptor Blocker

HDL : High Density Lipoprotein

ADR : Adverse Drug Effect

DIH : Drug Information Handbook

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2. 1. Batasan Hipertensi Berdasarkan The Joint National Commite VIII

Tahun 20141 .......................................................................................... 9

Tabel 2. 2. Kategori Tekanan Darah Berdasarkan American Heart

Association ............................................................................................ 9

Tabel 2. 3. Modifikasi Gaya Hidup Dalam Pengelolaan Hipertensi ...................... 12

Tabel 2. 4. Efek samping antihipertensi berdasarkan golongan obat menurut

Depkes RI 2006. 4 ............................................................................... 16

Tabel 4. 1. Karakteristik Responden berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan

status pekerjaan (N=83) 5 ................................................................... 42

Tabel 4. 2. Karakteristik Responden berdasarkan durasi menderita,

manifestasi,obat antihipertensi, golongan Obat Selain

Antihipertensi, dan status hipertensi berdasarkan penyakit

penyerta/komplikasi (N=83) 6 ............................................................ 43

Tabel 4. 3. Karakteristik Responden Kejadian ROTD Berdasarkan Algoritma

Naranjo (N=83) 7 ................................................................................ 45

Tabel 4. 4. Profil Kejadian ROTD pada subjek penelitian di Rumah Sakit

Islam Sultan Agung Semarang (N=83) ............................................... 46

Tabel 4. 5. Uji Hubungan Usia dengan Kejadian Naranjo (N=83) 8 ..................... 51

Tabel 4. 6. Uji Silang Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dengan Kejadian Naranjo

(N=83) 9 .............................................................................................. 51

xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Kerangka Teori 1 .............................................................................. 29

Gambar 2.2. Kerangka Konsep2 ........................................................................... 29

Gambar 3.1. Bagan Alur Penelitian3 .................................................................... 38

xiv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Ethical Clearance ............................................................................. 64

Lampiran 2. Surat Permohonan Ijin ...................................................................... 65

Lampiran 3. Surat Persetujuan Subjek Penelitian ................................................. 68

Lampiran 4. Kuesioner .......................................................................................... 68

Lampiran 5. Hasil Validitas Reliabilitas ............................................................... 74

Lampiran 6. Hasil Frequencies ............................................................................. 76

Lampiran 7. Hasil Chi-Square............................................................................... 80