Writing I8th Class : 20th of October 2013

Frida Ferdani Putri

Universitas Terbuka Korea Selatan

fridaferdaniputri@gmail.com

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CLASS 8

Modul 9GrammarWrite a story with conditional if.Write an activity plan.Predict the ending of a story.

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Objective

Kompetensi Umum Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu merencanakan sesuatu dalam

Bahasa Inggris

Kompetensi Khusus Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menulis cerita dengan bentuk

pengandaian, menulis rencana kegiatan, dan memprediksi akhir dari sebuah cerita

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Conditional if

Kalimat pengandaian Conditional Type I ;

It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled (real present).

FORM:If + Subject + Verb infinitive + Object , Subject + Will+ Verb infinitive

If I have time today, I will come to your house.

Subject + Will+ Verb infinitive + if + Subject + Verb infinitive + Object

I will come to your house if I have time today.

Conditional if

If tidak pernak diikuti oleh will If Greg arrive tomorrow, I will take him to the new restaurant,

Be going to tidak dapat dipakai dalam kalimat conditional if.

If my father is at home, I am going to ask him about his problem.

If my father is at home, I will to ask him about it.

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Get

Get + something/somebody Meaning: receive/buy/find

Did you get my message yesterday? (receive) Where did you get your hat? I like it. (buy) During this monetary crisis, it is very hard to get

a job. (find)

Get

Get + adjective (hungry/tired/cold/sleepy etc) Meaning: become

I need to wear my sweater, it is getting cold. If you keep cheating, the teacher will get angry. She will get married next month.

Get

Get to + a place Meaning: arrive

My boss usually gets to work before 7.30. (arrive at work)

I went to Jakarta two days ago. I left Kuala Lumpur at 10 and got to Jakarta at 12.

Can you tell me, what time your husband commonly gets home? (arrive at home)

Get

Get + preposition

Get in (a car) Get out (of a car) Get on/off (a bus/truck/train/plane)

She got in the car and drove away. (the car was sedan) He got on the truck and drove away. (the car was truck)

Future tense

Dipakai untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan terjadi atau dilakukan.

now

past future

Future Tense

Pola Contoh

PositiveS + will/shall+ V1S + will/shall be + adj/adv/noun

She will clean the house tonight.I will be busy next week.

NegativeS + will/shall not + V1S + will/shall not be + adj/adv/noun

She will not clean the house tonight.I will not be busy next week.

QuestionWill/shall + S + V1?Will/shall + S + be + adj/adv/noun?

Wh-Question + will/shall + S + V1?Wh-Question + will/shall + be?

Will you return the book tomorrow?Will you be busy next week?

What will we do after class?What will you be in the next 10 years?

Shall hanya dipakai untuk I dan We sajaWill not = won’t

Be Going To

menyatakan sesuatu yang akan terjadi tetapi sudah direncanakan (someone intends to do the action).

Will Going to

Menyatakan keputusan yang spontan pada saat bicara (reaksi)Contoh:A: You have an email from JohnB: Okay, I will reply his email

---------------A: Let’s have a party.B: That’s a great idea. We’ll invite lots of people

Menyatakan keputusan yang sudah diambil sebelumnya.Contoh:A: You have an email from JohnB: Yes, I know. I am going to reply his email after lunch.-------------A: Pedro & I have decided to have party. We are going to invite lots of people.B: that’s great

Be going to

Pola: S + be (am/are/is) going to + be adj/adv/noun S + be (am/are/is) going to + V1

I am going to be a teaching assistant next semester. I am going to visit my uncle tomorrow.

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Gerund

A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun.

The term verbal indicates that a gerund, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being.

See (verb) + -ing = seeing (noun) Believe (verb) + -ing = believing (noun)

Verb + -ing = gerund (noun)

Gerund

1. Gerund as subject Berada di awal kalimat sebagai subjek kalimat

Travelling makes me happy Dancing is my hobby.

2. Gerund as object Berada di akhir kalimat setelah predikat

My hobby is dancing. I love sleeping in my spare time.

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Gerund

3. Gerund after proposition. Setelah proposisi kata kerja harus berbentuk gerund. Preposition: In, at, with, of, for, about, instead of, in spite of,

without, before, after I am in interested in learning English. We are going to have dinner after finishing our class

4. Gerund after some certain wordsStop finish fancy delay

Postpone imagine consider keep

Avoid admit deny miss

Involve practice Stop talking about your ex-girlfriend. He considered moving to a new company.

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Reported Speech

Reported Speech = Kalimat berita perkataan pembicara pertama yang oleh pembicara kedua disampaikan kepada pembicara ketiga.

I am going to have party (1)I am going to have party (1)

Oh, that’s great (2)Oh, that’s great (2)

Afgan Tompi AfganRaisa

Oh really? (4)

Oh really? (4)

Tompi told me that he

was going to have a party

(3)

Tompi told me that he

was going to have a party

(3)

Few hours later

Reported Speech

Kata hubung yang digunakan adalah:• said that• Told + object pronoun (me, her, him, them,

us) + thatUmumnya kita merubah tense menjadi

“lebih lampu” untuk melaporkan sesuatu yang orang katakan.

Reported Speech

Direct Speech Reported Speech

Simple Present(+) Jill: “I eat banana.”(-) Jill: “I do not eat banana.”(+) Sarah: “The room is dirty.”

Simple Past(+) Jill said that she ate banana.(-) Jill said that she did not eat banana.(+) Sarah said that the room was dirty.

Present Continuous(+) Jill: “I am eating banana.”(-) Jill: “I am not eating banana.”

Past Continuous(+) Jill told me that she was eating banana.(-) Jill told me that she was not eating banana.

Simple Past(+) Jill: “I ate banana.”(-) Jill: “I did not eat banana.”(+) Sarah: “The room was dirty”

Past Perfect(+) Jill said that she had eaten banana.(-) Jill said that she had not eaten banana.(+) Sarah said that the room had been dirty.

Present Perfect(+) Jill: “I have eaten banana.”(-) Jill: “I have not eaten banana.”

Past Perfect(+) Jill told me that she had eaten banana.(-) Jill told me that she had not eaten banana.

Future(+) Jill: “I will eat banana.”(-) Jill: “I will not eat banana.”

Past Future(+) Jill said that she would eat banana.(-) Jill said that she would not eat banana.

Perubahan Tenses

Reported Speech

Direct Speech Reported Speech

Now Then

Today That day

Yesterday The day before

Tomorrow The day after

Next The following

Last The previous

This that

Here there

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• Frank: “I want to stay here”He said that he wanted to stay there.• Monica: “I am happy now” She said that she was happy then.

Perubahan Keterangan Waktu

Reported Speech

Perubahan tense tidak perlu diubah apabila kita melaporkan sesuatu yang masih belum berubah.

Example: John said that bus 273 doesn’t stop here. Amy said she doesn’t like K-Pop See this conversation

At 10 AM, Tommy meets Clara.Clara: “I need an umbrella.”Tommy: “I can get it for you.” At 10.05 AM, Tommy comes to his room and meets Martin.Tommy: “I am going to lend Clara this umbrella, she told me that

she needs an umbrella.”

Reported Speech

Kalimat Interogatif1.Yes or No questions

Kata sambung yang digunakan: asked if atau asked whether Ron: “Are you tired?” Ron asked me whether I was tired. Ted: “Do you speak French?” Ted asked me if I spoke French.

2.Wh + H questions Kata sambung yang digunakan: asked dan Wh+h Q

Ron: “Where do you live?”Ron asked me where I lived. Ted: “Who did break this glass?” Ted asked me who has broken this glass.

Reported Speech

Kalimat ImperatifBentuk Negatif

Gunakan not toFred: “Don’t come late.”Reported Speech: Fred told me not to come late.

Bentuk Positif Gunakan toTeacher: “Read the English Grammar book.”

Reported Speech:My teacher told me to read the English Grammar book.

Note: untuk kalimat imperatif biasanya kata hubung ‘said’ jarang digunakan.