PEMBACAAN DAN PENILAIAN KENDIRI MERUJUK TEKS

TUGASAN 4 – CHAPTER 3

NAME : TENGKU NORAINI BINTI MEGAT ABDULLAH

STUDENT NO : M20111000250

LECTURER : PROF MADYA DATO’ DR ABD LATIF HAJI GAPOR

COURSE CODE : KPT 6044

CHAPTER THREE

INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA INTO INSTRUCTION : THE ASSURE MODEL

Question 1

What are the primary types of criteria used to analyze learners ?

The ASSURE Model is an Instructional System design process that was modified to be

used by teachers in the regular classroom. The process is one in which the teachers and

trainers can use to design and develop the most appropriate learning environment for their

students. Teachers also can use this process in writing lesson plans and in improving teaching

and learning.

It consist of six steps namely :

1. A – Analyze Learners

2. S – State Objectives

3. S – Select Methods, Media and Materials

4. U – Utilize Media and Materials

5. R – Require Learner Participation

6. E – Evaluate and Revise

The first step is Analyze Learners. Before we can begin, we must know our target

audience which is our students. We need to analyze and write down the relevant information

about our students. Thus, the primary types of criteria used to analyze learners are consist of

Identify Learners, Investigate their General Characteristics, Analyze their Specific Entry

Competencies and Identify the suitable Learning Style according to their characteristics. Further

explanation is presented as per table below ( Figure 1.1 ).

No Criteria Explanation

1 Identify Learners The first step is to specifically define theaudience. We must know the learners sincewe are to select the best strategies tomeet the objectives that we have set. It isrelated to the question of who are yourstudents? While this seems to be commonsense, but this step is important to mentionbecause keeping our students in mindwill help to ensure that we can work diligentlyto find materials and resources that will bemost appropriate and useful to students.

2 General Characteristics This is description of the class as a whole. Itincludes such information as the number ofstudents, region, grade, age, ethnic group, sex, mental, emotional, physical, socialproblem or socioeconomic level. It can helpteachers to select the method or materials ofteaching according to characteristics of theirstudents.

3 Specific Entry Competencies This is a description of the types of knowledgeexpected of the learners. It is include priorknowledge, Skills and attitudes. Ask question such as Do the learners have the knowledgebase required to enter the lesson ? Do thelearners have the entry competencies and

technical vocabulary for this lesson ? Have the

learners already mastered the skills you areplanning to teach ? Do the learners have biasesor misconceptions about the subject ?

4 Learning Style This is a description of the learning stylisticspreferences of the individual members of theclass. It can be include verbal, logical, visual,musical or structured. Students have their ownlearning style. Individuals learning style refer tothe most appropriate and effective learningcontrol. Knowledge of learning style can helpteachers to write the lesson plan.

Figure 1.1 : Types of Criteria used to analyze learners

Question 2

Why are learning objectives an important aspect of lesson planning ?

The learning objective is important aspect of lesson planning because objectives

was indicated as learning outcomes, that is what will the student get out of the lesson .

Therefore it is important to clearly and specifically state objectives of the lesson. Thus, the

objectives also must be in specific. Besides, objectives statement also can help teachers in

selecting the appropriate of media and teaching method to be use. Teachers may not be able to

assess student achievement without the learning objectives.

The objectives statement is describing on what the learner will do as a result of

instruction. Things to keep in mind as we write the objectives are should focus on the learner,

not the teacher, use behaviors that reflect real world concerns and also must ensure the

objectives are descriptions of the learning outcomes and are written using ABCD format. In this

regard, a good objective statement contains the criteria of Who is to be achieve ? What you

want to achieve ? How to achieve ? and What is minimum level of achievement ? Or it can be

presented in ABCD format which are consist of :

1. A – Audience

It is refer to who is the audience in which specifies the learners for whom the objective is

intended. Therefore, a major premise of systematic instruction is to focus on what the learner is

doing, not on what is the teacher is doing.

2. B – Behavior

It is refer to what do you want them to do ? The behavior or capability needs to be demonstrated

as learner performance, an observable, measurable behavior or a real – world skill.

3. C – Condition

It is refer to under what circumstances or conditions are the learners to demonstrate the skill

being taught ? Here, be sure to include equipment, tools, aids or references the learner may or

may not use or special environmental conditions in which the learner has to perform. Therefore,

a statement of objective should include the conditions under which performance is to be

observed, if such conditions are relevant.

4. D – Degree

The final requirement of a well – stated objectives is to indicate the standard by which

acceptable performance will be judge. It is refer to how well do you want them to demonstrate

their mastery ? Degree to which the new skill must be mastered or the criterion for acceptable

performance which is include time limit, range of accuracy, proportion of correct responses

required and qualitative standards.

Besides, learning objective is important because the selection of instructional

methods and media depend on what type of objective is being pursued and so does the

choice of evaluation instruments. The three domain on classification of objectives are :

1. Cognitive – Learning involves the whole array of intellectual capabilities from simple

factual recall to the generation of new theories.

2. Affective – Learning involves feelings and values. Objectives in the affective domain

may range from stimulating interest in a school subject to encouraging healthy social

attitudes to adopting a set of ethical standards.

3. Motor Skill – Learning involves athletic, manual and other such physical skills.

Objectives in the motor skill domain include capabilities ranging from simple mechanical

operations to those entailing sophisticated neuromuscular coordination and strategy as

in competitive sports.

Question 3

Describe methods of eliciting student participation when using technology and media

during instruction.

The methods of eliciting student participation when using technology and media

during instruction are :

1. In order to get each learner actively and individually involved in the lesson,

teachers can use the teaching method such as games, group work,

presentations and so on. Our role in the classroom today is one of a guide on

the side and students, especially with technology connected lessons.

2. Learners need to practice what they have learned. To ensure their participation,

correct responses should be reinforced. There should be activities included in

the lessons that allow learners to respond and receive feedback before any

type of evaluation is administered. In - class and follow - up activities also can

help learners to process the information by themselves.

3. An activity that involves students participation will produce a permanent change

in behavior. The learning experience will help in maintaining the students'

motivation toward learning activity. Training in the form of discussions, drills,

written exercises, language games and so can improve students’ participation.

4. Preparation of media and appropriate resources can actually help and maintain

students’ participation. It is include the discussion within the group which can

generate ideas and problem solving activities.