sistem muskulus

8/19/2019 Sistem Muskulus

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Energi & Sistem muskulo-skeletal


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Pendahuluan

Semuamakhluk hidupmemerlukan

energi Sumber energi

universal

adalahmatahari


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A r u s E n e r g i

Mekanik : Muskulo skeletal

MatahariFotosintesis : Energi +


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Dari mana Energi

Dihasilkan? Mitokondria


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Penyimpanan Energi

C6H!"6 + 6"!

6H!" + 6 C"! + energi

Energi disimpan dalambentuk kimia : #$P

#$P : adenosin $ri Phosphat


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A T

P


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%agaimana Energi bisadihasilkan

Protein


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#setil ko-#

#setil ko-# dihasilkan dariPhosphoenol piruvat lalu men'adipiruvat

#setil ko-# mengikuti siklus asamsitrat untuk metabolisme energi

Masuk ke Metabolism overvie( ) digestion


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Siklus Asam Sitrat (TCAKrebs)


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Hasil siklus asam sitrat

molekul #$P

* molekul enim ,#H dari

dehidrogenasi berikatan ,# molekul enim F#H! dari

dehidrogenasi berikatan F#

,# : nikotinamida adenin dinukleotida

F# : .avin adenin dinukleotida


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Mengapa Energiiperlukan

Metabolisme dasar /ker'a 'antung0paru-paru & gin'al1

Mempertahankan suhu tubuh

2egiatan otot

Penghasil energi

Pertumbuhan dan

perkembangbiakan


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Ma3am-ma3am Energi


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Metabolisme0 2atabolisme &#nabolisme

Metabolisme: semua proses kimia/pengubahan suatu at men'adi at lainmen4angkut tahap-tahap 4ang berurutan1ter'adi dalam suatu sel0 molekul-molekulorganik 4ang terlibat dalam reaksimetabolisme metabolit0 katalisator :enim

2atabolisme : proses degradasi molekulorganik 4ang kompleks0 menghasilkan energiuntuk biosintesis eksergonik

#nabolisme : proses biosintesis menghasilkanbiomolekul struktural dan 5ungsional0memerlukan energi endergonik


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Penggunaan Energi Sel


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Metabolisme Energi & atMakanan

Metabolisme energi : perubahan bentukenergi /panas atau ker'a1 4angdikeluarkan dari keseluruhan proseskimia dalam tubuh 4ang berasal dari

oksidasi at makanan 78 /respiratory quotient 1 : bilangan 4gmenun'ukkan perbandingan 'umlahvolum C"! 4g dihasilkan oleh suatureaksi oksidasi dg 'umlah "! 4g dipakai

%M7 /basal metabolic rate1 :keadaandasar seseorang selesai prosespen4erapan0 rela90 suhu tubuh tetapdan bebas dari rasa tertekan %M7ditentukan dari ban4akn4a panas 4g

keluar sebagai hasil sampingmetabolisme tubuh


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K

a l o r i

Zat Kalorigram

Karbohi!rat "#$

%ipi! '

Protein "#$

i!rogen '"#"

Arang kayu #*

+lukosa '#,-

Sukrosa '#&.

Pati "#/

%emak netral "

Kasein -#"

Kreatinin "#-

Merupakan satuan dari energi ataupanas 4g diperlukan untuk

memanaskan kg air sehinggasuhun4a naik oC


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01

;lukosa

C6H!"6 +6 "! 6 C"! + H!" + Energi /6/B 9!!0?1 liter

= ?06A kkal


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Komponen 01 Kalorigram

2arbohidrat 0BB ?0

Protein B0


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3M0

kuran tubuh

mur

@enis kelamin

Cua3a Makanan

Fisik

"bat 2esehatan

Akti4itas

Kalorikgberat

ba!anhari

Kalorihariorang

Mengetik

0men'ahit

*B ) *A !BBB -

!?BB

Pelukis0pengra'i

n logam

?B ) ?A !


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Alarm

Tubuh

$ubuh : sistem keseimbangan

Pengaruh ketidakseimbangan :

Contoh :› Haus kekurangan 3airan

› Dapar memerlukan asupan gii

› ,gantuk kelelahan

› Capai>pegal-pegal timbunan

Asam %aktat


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%a5ti5 a5i! properties

Mole3ular 5ormula C*H6"*

Molar mass BB g molG

Melting point

D: A* C

: A* C

>D: 6 C

%oiling point !! C I ! mmHg

#3idit4 /pK a1 *6JK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_formula


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#ktivitas Lsik

uring po(er e9er3ises su3h as sprinting0 (hen therate o5 demand 5or energ4 is high0 la3tate is produ3ed5aster than the abilit4 o5 the tissues to remove it0 so

la3tate 3on3entration begins to rise $his is abeneL3ial pro3ess0 sin3e the regeneration o5 ,#+ ensures that energ4 produ3tion is maintained ande9er3ise 3an 3ontinue $he in3reased la3tate produ3ed3an be removed in a number o5 (a4s0 in3luding:

"9idation to p4ruvate b4 (ell-o94genated mus3le 3ells0 (hi3h is then dire3tl4 used to 5uel the 2rebs 343le

Conversion to glu3ose via glu3oneogenesis in the liverand release ba3k into the 3ir3ulation see theCori 343le

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_(running)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krebs_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cori_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cori_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krebs_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_(running)


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Contrar4 to popular belie50 this in3reased

3on3entration o5 la3tate does not dire3tl43ause a3idosis0 nor is it responsible 5ordela4ed onset mus3le sorenessJ


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$he a3idosis that is asso3iated (ith

in3reases in la3tate 3on3entration duringheav4 e9er3ise arises 5rom a separaterea3tion

Ohen #$P is h4drol4sed0 a h4drogen ion isreleased #$P-derived h4drogen ions areresponsible primaril4 5or the de3rease inpH

uring intense e9er3ise0aerobi3 metabolism 3annot produ3e #$Pui3kl4 enough to suppl4 the demands o5the mus3le

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosis


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#s a result0 anaerobi3 metabolism be3omes the dominant energ4-produ3ingpath(a40 as it 3an 5orm #$P at high rates

ue to the large amounts o5 #$P beingprodu3ed and h4drol4sed in a short periodo5 time0 the buQering s4stems o5 thetissues are over3ome0 3ausing pH to 5alland 3reating a state o5 a3idosis0 a naturalpro3ess that 5a3ilitates the easierdisso3iation o5 o94haemoglobin and allo(seasier trans5er o5 o94gen 5rom the bloodJK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_fermentationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyhaemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyhaemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_fermentation


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3agaimana Asam %aktatDihasilkan ?


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%aktat


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#da #pa dengan #samDaktat

2er'a keras pengeluaran energi besar-besaran

Pengeluaran energi = pembakaran/metabolisme1

Metabolisme tidak sempurna :

› kekurangan oksigen

› tubuh mengeluarkan energi di luar kemampuanparu-paru atau

› 'antung dalam men4ediakan oksigen dalam darahatau di luar kemampuan mengeluarkan C"! dari

sistem perna5asan R


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See

sistem muskulus

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