http://www.ipbl.edu.my/portal/penyelidikan/BukuKoleksi/Buku%20Koleksi%20PT%20MT%202011.pdfhttp://www.slideshare.net/hernz/kajian-tindakan-15564823http://educ.utm.my/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/431.pdfhttp://www.ipbl.edu.my/portal/penyelidikan/1998/98_Angela.pdfhttp://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/our-publications/australasian-journal-early-childhood/index-abstracts/ajec-vol-37-1-2012/toddlers-mathematicians-free-full-text-available/

ShapeConcepts of shape, including naming, representing and manipulating geometrical shapes, have historically been understood as important mathematical learning (Pound, 2006). In this study, only four examples of children exploring concepts of shape were observed in the toddlers play. These included children using geometrical vocabulary, such as naming shapes, and children identifying shapes that were the same or similar. In the following example Steven identified the similarity in circular and spherical shapes:

Steven (two years) has picked up four hula-hoops and, holding two in each hand, takes them to the round water trough and places them inside it one by one. He notices other hoops on the ground and places two more in the trough. He moves to a tyre lying on the grass and attempts to pick it up and place it on its side in order to roll it. He manages to get it upright but it is heavy and falls over. He notices a golf ball inside the tyre and he picks this up, looks closely at it, and then drops it. He tries again to pick up the tyre and succeeds in rolling it a few metres. He drops the tyre and walks to a hoop, stands inside it for a few seconds, then goes to a large rubbish bin, takes the circular lid off it, places it on the ground, looks intently at it, and then places it back on the bin. He then goes to a small wheeled trolley, turns it over and rotates the wheels.

Although there is no verbal indication that Steven has identified the various objects as circular, his interest in this shape is obvious and he is clearly able to identify circular objects within his environment.