plagiat merupakan tindakan tidak terpuji - core.ac.ukcore.ac.uk/download/pdf/157574761.pdf ·...

”AISYALAM GNAYNAG” 4691 AROKIWD :

EMSILANOISAN NAD ,NAINAREBEK ,NASAGETEK ATAYN ITKUB

AMAL EDRO NAHATNIREMEP ASAM ADAP AISENODNI ASGNAB

HALAKAM

nakujaiD u tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutn nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

nakididneP idutS margorP harajeS

helO

ATRANUS IDREV SUTREBOR

MIN 300413190 :

HARAJES NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

102 4

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

”AISYALAM GNAYNAG” 4691 AROKIWD :

EMSILANOISAN NAD ,NAINAREBEK ,NASAGETEK ATAYN ITKUB

AMAL EDRO NAHATNIREMEP ASAM ADAP AISENODNI ASGNAB

HALAKAM

nakujaiD u tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutn nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

nakididneP idutS margorP harajeS

helO

ATRANUS IDREV SUTREBOR

MIN 300413190 :

HARAJES NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

102 4


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP

:adapek nakhabmesrep ayas ini halakaM

.1 iatreynem nad tamhar ,takreb nakirebmem halet gnay sutsirK suseY nahuT

ayNhisak nagned ,

.2 gnaro audeK kapaB ukaut nimayneB silanifoY bI nad pesoY airaM u a gnay ,

ulales nakaodnem nad ,ayas kididnem nagned hunep hisak .gnayas

.3 ukgnabA sutreblA idaH .moK.S ,atramuS nad suksisnarF ideD atrayuS gnay

ulales nakirebmem tagnames malad nakiaseleynem halakam .ini

.4 nameT - namet id uk harajeS nakididneP aynsusuhk natakagna 002 t 9 amire

ini amales amasajrek nad nautnab sata hisak .

.5 kididnep araP halet gnay gnibmibmem ayas malad nakiaseleynem halakam

.ini


v

OTTOM

ilakes nagnaJ - )hareM saJ( harajes nakapulem ilakes

onrakeoS .rI( )

nahuT kadit naksurahgnem atik seskus nahuT , aynah nakparahgnem atik

abocnem .

)hugeT oiraM(

,ayna ek ayna gnana pudI halak gnay iapa uatek kasi ,nanak kabik kapmateb

.gnasnap id uatan gnay iapa ,gnasnap id uat

gnay apa uhat raga ,gnililekes id tahil surah ,nagnarabmes nagnaj pudiH

asib .naktujnalid asib kadit nad naktujnalid

)atranuS idreV .R(


iv

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

kadit ini silut ayas gnay halakam awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS

malad naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek nial gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk

,atrakaygoY 51 lirpA 102 4

siluneP

atranuS idreV sutreboR


iiv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

id nagnatadnatreb gnaY hawab awsisahem ayas ,ini satisrevinU atanaS amrahD

amaN atranuS idreV sutreboR :

awsisahaMromoN 300413190 :

nagnabmegnep imeD umli nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep adapek naakatsupreP

satisrevinU atanaS amrahD k ayra :ludujreb gnay ayas haimli

4691 AROKIWD ”AISYALAM GNAYNAG” : ATAYN ITKUB ASGNAB EMSILANOISAN NAD ,NAINAREBEK ,NASAGETEK

AMAL EDRO NAHATNIREMEP ASAM ADAP AISENODNI .

atreseB alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep nagneD .)ada nakirebmem ayas naikimed

adapek naakatsupreP satisrevinU atanaS amrahD kah kutnu ,napmiynem

nakhilagnem malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad kutneb nalakgnap

uata tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad

nial aidem kutnu nagnitnepek simedaka apnat ulrep atnimem niji ayas irad

nupuam nakirebmem itlayor amales ayas adapek patet nakmutnacnem ayas aman

iagabes .silunep

naikimeD naataynrep taub ayas gnay ini nagned .aynranebes

atrakaygoY id taubiD

laggnat adaP 51 lirpA 4102


iiiv

KARTSBA GNAYNAG“ 4691 AROKIWD ”AISYALAM :

EMSILANOISAN NAD NAINAREBEK ,NASAGETEK ATAYN ITKUBAMAL EDRO NAHATNIREMEP ASAM ADAP AISENODNI ASGNAB


amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 02 14

nasiluT sisilanagnem nad nakispirksednem kutnu naujutreb ini agit ,kokop nahalasamrep )1 :utiay taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal gnakaleb ratal

amaL edrO asam adap )arokiwD( ; )2 ep sesorp naanaskal taykaR odnamoK iwDbes )arokiwD( bek ,nasagetek atayn itkub iaga e asgnab emsilanoisan nad nainar

amaL edrO asam adap aisenodnI )3 ; iwD aynrihal kapmad taykaR odnamoKaisenodnI nagnubuh igab )arokiwD( - aynrihkareb kajnemes aisyalaM

gnarakes iapmas amaL edrO nahatniremep . M edote nasilunep ini ,luduj nasumurep utiay napahat amil pukacnem

upmugnep isakifirev ,rebmus nal nagned ifargoirotsih nad isaterpretni , natakedneps es silutid nad kitilop laiso .sitilana fitpirksed arac

ini nasilunep lisaH nakkujnunem awhab )1 gnakaleb ratal arokiwD aynrihal halada nakutnebmep alaM isaredeF paggnaid gnay aisy onrakeoS iagabes keyorp miloken ;sirggnI )2 esorp naparenep s arokiwD ialumid nagned nakutnebmep nad

nasagunep odnamok agais napaisrep , net aga naharegnep ,nawalerakus repo isa retilim isamolpid , iapmas ,kitilop adap nanetsisnokek onrakeoS padahret

isatnorfnok )3 ; kapmaD fitisop arokiwD igab nagnubuh ,imonoke ,kitilop nad laisos ayadub aratna , nial , ayninagnatadnatid amasajrek ,kokgnaB isaralkeD

tnemem gnay emsilanoisan asar ,)NAESA( imonoke nakgni akite gnay gnilas .iagrahgnem D kapma aynfitagen utiay satilavir audek arageN m taubme nagnubuh

kitilop gnires uggnagret .


xi

TCARTSBA ”AISYALAM GNAYNAG“ 4691 AROKIWD :

DNA ,YREVARB ,SSENMRIF S’AISENODNI FO FOORP LAER EHT NI MSILANOITAN AMAL EDRO EMIGER


ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS 102 4

)1 :yleman ,smelborp niam eerht ezylana dna ebircsed ot demia gnitirw sihT fo dnuorgkcab eht iwD )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK ni tnemhsilbatse amaL edrO

fo ssecorp noitacilppa eht )2 ;are iwD )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK laer eht sa ni msilanoitan dna ,yrevarb ,ssenmrif s’aisenodnI fo foorp amaL edrO eht )3 ;are

fo stceffe iwD )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK aisenodnI eht no tnemhsilbatse - fo dne eht morf noitaler aisyalaM amaL edrO .won litnu emiger

oc hcraeser siht fo dohtem ehT ,noitalumrof eltit ,yleman ,spets evif derevoicos gnisu yhpargoirotsih dna ,noitaterpretni ,noitacifirev ,noitcelloc ecruos -

.sisylana evitpircsed fo mrof eht ni nettirw dna hcaorppa lacitilop fo dnuorgkcab eht )1 :taht dewohs stluser ehT arokiwD silbatse saw tnemh

dnalgnE sa deredisnoc saw hcihw ,noitaredeF aisyalaM fo tnemhsilbatse eht fo ssecorp noitacilppa eht )2 ;onrakeoS yb tcejorp milocen arokiwD detrats saw

gningissa dna gnihsilbatse yb odnamok agais gnitfard ,sreetnulov eht gniraperp ,repo yratilim sdrawot ycnetsisnoc s’onrakeoS litnu ,ycamolpid lacitilop ,snoita

fo stceffe evitisop eht )3 ;snoitatnorfnoc arokiwD dna ,cimonoce ,lacitilop nooicos - cimonoce NAESA ,gningis noitaralceD kokgnaB erew noitaler larutluc

zisahpme hcihw msilanoitan ,noitarepooc evitagen ehT .tcepser htiw scihte eht de lacitilop eht debrutsid hcihw seirtnuoc owt eseht neewteb yrlavir saw tceffe

.noitaler


x

RATNAGNEP ATAK

ijuP nad s nad takreb sata anerak asE ahaM gnaY nahuT taridahek rukuy

tamhar - ayN ludujreb gnay halakam nakiaseleynem tapad silunep “ AROKIWD

,NASAGETEK ATAYN ITKUB ”AISYALAM GNAYNAG“ 4691

ADAP AISENODNI ASGNAB EMSILANOISAN NAD NAINAREBEK

AMAL EDRO NAHATNIREMEP ASAM .” kutnu nususid ini halakaM

satisrevinU id nakididneP anajraS raleg hiarem kutnu tarays utas halas ihunemem

umlI nasuruJ ,nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF ,amrahD atanaS

.harajeS nakididneP idutS margorP ,laisoS nauhategneP

ynep awhab iradaynem siluneP nautab irad sapelret kadit ini halakam nanusu

napacu nakiapmaynem nigni silunep ini natapmesek adap akam ,kahip iagabreb

:adapek hisak amiret

.1 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF nakeD

.atrakaygoY

.2 S nakididneP idutS margorP auteK gnay amrahD atanaS satisrevinU haraje

halakam nakiaseleynem kutnu silunep adapek natapmesek nakirebmem halet

.ini

.3 rD .dP.M .inimuS .hT .a od ukales , halet gnay gnibmibmep nes ,gnibmibmem

amales nakusam atres naras ,naharagnep kaynab nakirebmem nad utnabmem

p .ini halakam nanusuyne

.4 gnay harajeS nakididneP idutS margorP tairaterkes kahip nad nesod huruleS

iduts nakiaseleynem silunep amales nautnab nad nagnukud nakirebmem halet

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id

.5 mrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP nawayrak huruleS halet gnay ,a

rebmus helorepmem malad silunep utnabmem nad nanayalep nakirebmem

.ini halakam nasilunep

.6 silunep autgnaro audeK nad nimayneB silanifoYkapaB pesoY airaM ubI a nad

ukgnabA sutreblA idaH atramuS nad suksisnarF ideD atrayuS halet gnay

tapad silunep aggnihes ,lairetam nad lautirips nagnorod nakirebmem


ix

agraulek hurules atres ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id iduts nakiaseleynem

.aynaod nad nagnukud sata hisakamiret ukraseb

.7 nameT - 002 natakgna harajeS nakididneP namet 9 em halet gnay nad utnabm

silunep gnorodnem ini halakam nakiaseleynem kutnu .

.8 S utnabmem turut gnay utasrep utas naktubesid tapad kadit gnay kahip aume

.ini halakam nakiaseleynem malad

uti anerak helo ,anrupmes irad huaj ini halakam awhab iradaynem siluneP

silunep tagnas igab nugnabmem tafisreb gnay naras nad kitirk nakparahgnem

.aynacabmep igab taafnam nakirebmem tapad ini halakam agomeS .ini halakam

,atrakaygoY 51 lirpA 102 4

siluneP



iix

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ................ i

NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ . ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .. iii

OTTOM ................................ ................................ ................................ ... vi

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ............................... v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ ................... iv

RABMEL ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP

HAIMLI AYRAK ................................ ................................ .................... iiv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ iiv i

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ............................... xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ .............. x

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............................ ix i

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............ xv

NAULUHADNEP I BAB ................................ ................................ . 1

.A rataL alasaM gnakaleB h ................................ ...................... 1

.B nasumuR halasaM ................................ ............................... 8

.C juT nau nasiluneP ................................ ................................ 8

.D taafnaM nasiluneP ................................ .............................. 9

.E akitametsiS nasiluneP ................................ ......................... 01

II BAB IWD AYNRIHAL GNAKALEB RATAL

)AROKIWD( TAYKAR ODNAMOK

AMAL EDRO ASAM ADAP ................................ ............... 11

.A nagnubuH aisenodnI - adaP aisyalaM asaM lainoloK ............ 11

.1 asaM nakududneP aisenodnI id adnaleB ........................ 11

.2 asaM nakududneP aisyalaM id sirggnI .......................... 31

.B nakutnebmeP aisyalaM isaredeF ................................ ......... 51

.1 hokoT sagaggneP aisyalaM isaredeF ............................. 51

.2 nakutnebmeP sesorP aisyalaM isaredeF ........................ 61


iiix

aM nagnidnureP .1.2 nagneD aisyal sirggnI ................... 61

aisyalaM isaredeF hayaliW nautneneP .2.2 .................... 71

isaralkeD .3.2 nakutnebmeP aisyalaM isaredeF ............. 81

.C nakaloneP - nakalonep padahreT nakutnebmeP

aisyalaM isaredeF ................................ ............................... 91

.1 nasagaG nakaloneP padahreT nakutnebmeP

aisyalaM isaredeF ................................ ......................... 91

.1.1 hokoT - hokot kaloneP isaredeF

aisyalaM ................................ ................................ 91

.1.1.1 nediserP aisenodnI kilbupeR

)onrakeoS .rI( ................................ ............ 91

.2.1.1 )lagapacaM( anipiliF nediserP ..................... 02

.3.1.1 iridneP( irahazA hkiehS iatraP

malasuraD ienurB taykaR ) ......................... 12

.2.1 naujuT nakaloneP nakutnebmeP isaredeF

aisyalaM ................................ ................................ 22

.2 kutneB padahreT aisenodnI nakaloneP isaredeF

aisyalaM ................................ ................................ ....... 62

.D nakajibeK isatnorfnoK nediserP onrakeoS

3691 aisyalaM padahreT ................................ ..................... 82

.1 rasaD nakajibeK isatnorfnoK ................................ ........ 82

.2 natakgnineP nakajibeK aisenodnI isatnorfnoK -

aisyalaM ................................ ................................ ....... 13

III BAB NAANASKALEP SESORP ODNAMOK IWD

ITKUB IAGABES )AROKIWD( TAYKAR

NAD ,NAINAREBEK ,NASAGETEK ATAYN

ADAP AISENODNI ASGNAB EMSILANOISAN

AMAL EDRO NAHATNIREMEP ASAM .......................... 73

.A nakutnebmeP nad nasaguneP odnamoK IRBA agaiS .......... 83

.1 nakutnebmeP odnamoK agaiS arokiwD ........................ 83

.2 nasaguneP odnamoK agaiS arokiwD ............................. 93


vix

.B napaisreP aganeT natakgnA( nawalerakuS )amiL ek ........... 24

.1 nasagaG nakutnebmeP aganeT nawalerakuS ................. 24

.2 nad orP artnoK nakutnebmeP aganeT nawalerakuS ....... 34

.C naharegneP nad isarepO nasatabreP hareaD iD retiliM ........ 54

.1 IRBA ................................ ................................ ............ 54

.1.1 napaisreP pesnoK isarepO retiliM IRBA ............... 64

.2.1 kutneB IRBA nanawalreP ................................ ..... 74

.2 aganeT nawalerakuS ................................ ..................... 84

.D isamolpiD kitiloP sureT nalajreB ................................ ........ 15

.E pakiS netsisnoK onrakeoS padahreT isatnorfnoK ................ 35

VI BAB TAYKAR ODNAMOK IWD AYNRIHAL KAPMAD

AISENODNI NAGNUBUH IGAB )AROKIWD( -

KAJNEMES AISYALAM AYNRIHKAREB EDRO

MAS AMAL GNARAKES IAP ................................ ............. 65

.A nagnubuH aisenodnI kitiloP - aisyalaM ................................ . 75

.1 kapmaD fitisoP ................................ ............................. 75

.2 kapmaD fitageN ................................ ............................ 95

.B nagnubuH imonokE In aisenod - aisyalaM ............................. 06

.1 kapmaD fitisoP ................................ ............................. 06

.2 kapmaD fitageN ................................ ............................ 16

.C nagnubuH laisoS aisenodnI ayaduB - aisyalaM ..................... 26

.1 kapmaD fitisoP ................................ ............................. 26

.2 kapmaD fitageN ................................ ............................ 36

NALUPMISEK V BAB ................................ ................................ ........ 56

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............... 96


vx

NARIPMAL RATFAD

SUBALIS ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 17

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER ................................ 67


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

awabmem halet amaL edrO harajeS utiay ini iregen id amanret hokot

adaP .aisenodnI naakedremek nagnaujrep lobmis idajnem halet gnay onrakeoS

halet gnamem ini iregen ianrawem gnay kitilop ,amaL edrO nahatniremep asam

asgnab nad taykar itah id maladnem isrevortnok nad isome naklubminem kaynab

s ipateT .aisenodnI huggnu uti amaL edrO nahatniremep nipmimep asaj awhab

kaynab halet aguj nad ini iregen adapek raseb huragnep awabmem halet

upahret kadit gnay sakeb naklaggninem aragen kitilop nagnabmekrep adap naks

.aisenodnI

helo ignakalebratalid ini halakam nasilunep isaripsni aynrasad adaP

iregen padahret aisenodnI hatniremep nasagetkaditek naka silunep naradasek

el haletes nagnakaleb gnay aisyalaM nariJ iregeN utiay aggnatet edrO aynresgn

ulrep gnay lah kaynaB .nasagetek iaynupmem kadit tagnas nasekret sitkarp amaL

amaL edrO haletes aisenodnI iregen raul nakajibek nahaburep irad tahil atik

hatnireP taruS aynraulek kajnemes irad gnutihret ,gnakaleb ek tunuriD .ulalreb

M salebeS tabajep iagabes otrahuS nahukugnep ,6691 nuhat )ramsrepuS( tera

nediserP iagabes otrahuS nakitnalep adap gnujureb gnay 7691 nuhat IR nediserP

habureb aisyalaM tiakret aisenodnI iregen raul nakajibek sitkarp 8691 nuhat IR

.tajared 081


2

odnI nagnubuh akimaniD aisen - aisyalaM nediserP nahatniremep asam irad

gnarakes iapmas onrakeoS c atres skelpmok nad raseb puku gnasap imalagnem

.turus tahilid alib aragen audek nagnubuh nahabureP id harajes irad nad isamolp

kitilop iskaretni f naktahilrepmem ad adebreb gnay anemone mal adaP .harajes esaf

asam nahatniremep id lainoloK hatniremep naasaukek nad nakajibek ,lainolok

seidnI tsaE dnalrehteN id atres oenroB nad ayalaM hsitirB aynranebes tagnas

nepmem .ini aragen aud ratna nagnubuh ihurag

ini edoireP aklaggninem n brep halasam esaf adap gnicnurem gnay nasata -

nagnubuh ,naakedremek esaf adaP .aynhaduses harajes esaf aratna nad aisenodnI

pid tagnas aisyalaM irad nipmimep rotkaf helo ihuragne asam adaP .aragen audek

en itna natilim nakajibek hupmenem aisenodnI ,onrakeoS nahatniremep o-

padahret isatnorfnok nakukalem aynarac utas halas gnay emsilainolok

inolok pukacnem gnay aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep - naigab id sirggnI inolok

.arupagniS nad natnamilaK ualuP aratu 1

adap kusaM aisenodnI nagnubuh ,aisenodnI id uraB edrO edoirep - aisyalaM

fitaler ipmimepek anerak amaturet gnanet nignid pukuc gnay otrahuS nediserP nan

.araggneT aisA nasawak id ,aisyalaM id uti taas adaP rD dammahoM rihtahaM .

pmimem nagned naped ek huaj isiv nagned ni igetarts hupmenem - igetarts gnay

nagned sitametsis nem arac ignabmiid aguj gnay nakididnep naktakgni imonoke

aysam naikumed nupualaw .tubesret aragen id takar anipmimepek aguj rihtahaM n

gnabmuynem sam nagnauek sisirK .aisyalaM nad aisenodnI nagnubuh malad hala

halet uti taas adap aisA nodnI naimonokerep nakrucnahgnem nad aise taubmem

1 inairtiF ivE , nagnubuH aisenodnI - tkepsreP malaD aisyalaM aideM nad ,arageN ,ayaduB laisoS fi :atrakaJ ,

,aisenodnI satisrevinU tibreneP ,2102 .5 .lah


3

idajnem kitilop isamrofer kajes aisenodnI id tabmal nad ”hudag“ nuhat rihka

gnadnugnem halet tubesret laH .0991 uggnaggnem gnay nedisni iagabreb

mialk halasam nad IKT/WKT ,nasatabrep halasaM .aragen audek nagnubuh

em naayadubek lisah/adneb kipot idajn - sisirk nakbabeynem gnires gnay kipot

nad )tnemnrevoG ot tnemnrevoG( hatniremep ek hatniremep nagnubuh malad

amales aisyalaM nad aisenodnI )yteicoS ot yteiciS( takaraysam ek takaraysam

.rihkaret edaked 2

malagnem aisyalaM nad aisenodnI nagnubuH pukuc gnay turus gnasap i

gnilap gnay naidajek utas halaS .ini nagnakaleb nuhat aparebeb nakritawahkgnem

hamakhaM nasutupek halada aragen audek aratna nagnagetek tuluynem

lanoisanretnI nalidagneP )JCI ,ecitsuJ to truoC lanoisanretnI( 71 laggnat

02 rebmeseD nad nadapiS ualuP sata aisyalaM mialk nakgnanemem gnay 20

id aisenodnI rasak hurub nad aggnat hamur ajrekep kaynab ,uti nialeS .natigiL

nagnaneskaditek tuluynem aguj iwaisunam kadit nakukalrepid gnay aisyalaM

araysam aratna nagnageteK .aisenodnI takaraysam audek hatniremep nad tak

aparebeb sata aisyalaM naukagnep rabak aynraisret nagned habmatreb arageN

nakasam ,goeR nainesek ,tedneP irat ,kitaB itrepes aisenodnI lanoisidart naayakek

pukuc gnay rihkaret susaK .aisenodnI haread ugal aparebeb nad ,gnadner

pmem nakaes gnay atinaw ajrek aganet nalki aynradereb halada naknitahir - naka

aisyalaM nanamaek tarapa nakukaid gnay lauskes nahecelep nad larboid akerem

nedisnI .gnaneP ualuP id aisenodnI atinaw ajrekep padahret - ini itrepes nedisni

nalak kaynab naharamek ucimem kasednem nakhab naigabes ,aisenodnI id nag

2 ,dibI 5 .mlh - .6


4

.aisyalaM padahret saget hibel kadnitreb kutnu YBS nediserP hatniremep 3 inI

padahret kilfnok gnicnamem kaynab halet aisyalaM awhab sitsilaer tagnas

,nasagetek awhab salej tagnas ,tubesret lah ipakiyneM .aisenodnI nainarebek

edrO nahatniremep asam adap itrepes kadit ini iregen id emsilanoisan nakhab

uata hamel tahilret ilakes gnires ini asgnab amaL edrO nahatniremep acsaP .amaL

haloes tubesret aisyalaM pakis nupiksem uti aggnatet iregen padahret saget kadit -

let halo .ilak gnalureb araces ini asgnab tabatram nad takrah kajnignem ha

arageN ,amaL edrO asam adaP hagag tahilret aisenodnI inareb nad saget ,

,onrakeoS nediserp nahatniremep hawab iD .aisyalaM sata roirepus hibel atres

emsilanoisan nakhab ,nainarebek ,nasagetek itkubret tagnas aisenodnI asgnab

aisenodnI retilim isatnorfnok asam akitek - edoirep irad gnusgnalreb gnay aisyalaM

asgnab emsilanoisan atres nainarebek ,nasageteK .6691 edoirep iapmas 3691

raneb aisenodnI - odnamok aynakpacuid nagned itkubret atayn raneb

nep nediserP helo gnatnal araces 4691 ieM 3 laggnat adap aisyalaM nagnaynagg

nagnaynaggnep odnamoK .onrakeoS .rI utiay aisenodnI kilbupeR amatrep

nagned lanekid hibel uti aisyalaM iatresid gnay )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD

norfnok aynada nagned t satnorfnoK .isa atekgnes kutneb utaus iagabes nakitraid i

ilaucek arac alages nakanuggnem gnay ,hibel uata aragen aud aratna kilfnok uata

.)nimkuM tayadiH .rD( akubret gnarep 4

aynridaH kaR odnamoK iwD asgnab harajes naigab iagabes )arokiwD( tay

gnay aisenodnI naknimrecnem awijreb gnay onrakeoS nediserP nanipmimepek

j tagnames ,emsitoirtap naklucnumem halet iggnit gnay gnau taykar itapmis pakis

3 ,dibI .1 .mlh 4 I kilbupeR isamolpiD harajeS ukuB nasiluneP aitinaP aisenodn , iraD aisenodnI kilbupeR isamolpiD harajeS

asaM eK asaM aisenodnI kilbupeR iregeN rauL nemetrapeD :atrakaJ , ,5002 , .92 .mlh


5

malad nainarebeK .uti aisenodnI kilbupeR amatrep nediserP padahret aisenodnI

niremep utaus malad nasagetek nakirebmem halet kadnitreb .amaL edrO nahat

surenem suret araces ini asgnab taubmem halet iggnit gnay emsilanoisan asaR

.ini gnarakes taas adap iapmas onrakeoS tagnignem

edrO asam adap aisenodnI hatniremep helo nakracnalid arokiwD kajeS

id aisenodnI hatniremep salej araces akam amaL onrakeoS nanipmimepek hawab

iwD .aisyalaM nagned aynisatnorfnok pakis nakataynem imser araces halet

aisenodnI asgnab kutnebmem halet atayn araces aguj )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK

,iridnes aisenodnI takaraysam atam id kiab inareb nad saget gnay asgnab iagabes

lanoisanretnI atam id nupuam ,)aisyalaM( uti sirggnI nahajaj sakeb iregen atam id

atak ,”aisyalaM gnaynaG“ .amaL edrO nahatniremep asam adap )aynnial arageN(

naritawahkek taubmem halet onrakeoS helo nakgnadnamukid saget araces gnay

idnesret tukat asar nad nakgnayab atiK .uti taas adap aisyalaM hatniremep igab ir

nahatniremep hawab id adareb akitek aisenodnI asgnab inareb hagag apateb

.onrakeoS

h isidnoK nI nagnubu aisyalaM nad aisenod ,arupagniS aynutasreb iapmas

taraB naigab aisyalaM nagned habaS nad kawareS adaP .kiab pukuc tahilret nuhat

5591 aisyalaM ayniridreb mulebes idajnem uti taas gnay namhaR ludbA uknuT ,

retsiniM feihC ratna natabahasrep ilat nilajnem kutnu aisenodnI ignujnugnem

ned itukiid ini nagnujnuK .aggnatet arageN yalaM nalikawreP nairidnep nag is id a

aisyalaM mirikid gnay amatrep lanretske isim nakapurem gnay 7591 lawa atrakaJ

l id aragen rau - haleteS .narumkamesreP aragen naktapadnem aisyalaM

nakkianid ini nalikawrep ,7591 sutsugA 13 laggnat sirggnI irad naakedremek


6

seB naatudeK idajnem aynsutats uneS ’ehcnE aynamatrep raseb atud nagned ra

iagabes fizaR dammahoM .rD mirignem aisenodnI aratnemes ,namhaR ludbA niB

akubmem aguj aisyalaM ,huaj hibeL .rupmuL alauK id aynamatrep raseb atud

eM anadreP likaw amas gnay nuhat iD .8591 nuhat nadeM id talusnoK nuT iretn

aragen audek naidumek nuhateS .aisenodnI ignujnugnem kazaR ludbA

inagnatadnanem tnemeergA larutluC pihsdneirF fo ytaerT ;rupmuL alauK id

halada ini naijnajreP .adnaujD .rI .rD iretneM anadreP ilikawid aisenodnI

bid amatrep natabahasrep naijnajrep aynnaakedremek haletes aisyalaM tau

nad ines natawal aparebeb helo itukiid ini naijnajreP .)2 :3691 ,aisyalaM(

.aragen audek helo naayadubek 5

babes ianegnem rasadnem nasala aparebeb iuhatek tapad raseb sirag araceS

utid gnay aisenodnI isatnorfnok aynlucnum uti taas adap aisyalaM adapek nakuj

natnamilaK hayaliw naigabes isargetni nakutnebmep anacner tiakret usi halada

turuneM .aisyalaM isaredreF malad ek )ienurB nad ,kawareS ,habaS( aratU

rp utaus nakapurem tubesret isaredeF nakutnebmep uti taas adap onrakeoS keyo

nad )emsilainolok ,emsilainolok oeN( milokeN nagned onrakeoS tubesid gnay

atres pisnirp nagned nagnatnetreb tagnas tubesret lah agitek nad )emsilairepmI

awhab napaggnareb aguj onrakeoS ,ini lah malaD .iridnes onrakeoS nasagag

utaus nakapurem aisyalaM gnakalebratalreb gnay sirggnI nataub akenob aragen

utaus halada onrakeoS turunem uti aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep nad ,miloken

aragen helo nagnupegnep - .aisenodnI hayaliw padahret milokeN aragen

5 ivE inairtiF , ..tic .po 12 .mlh - 22


7

nikam irah nikam tubesret aisyalaM nagnaynaggnep isatnorfnoK .tagnah

gnadib id nataigeK emoh - tnorf nanahatreP nahital nataiggnep nagned iggnitrepid

natawaj id )pisnaH( lipiS - satisrevinu ,natawaj - haread ,satisrevinu - nad haread

gnupmak - .ayniagabes nad itawalerakus ,gnupmak 6 nahital nataiggnep nialeS

,lipiS nanahatreP utiay imonoke gnadib adap nakanaskalid aguj isatnorfnok

ialum nad aisyalaM nagned naimonokerep nagnubuh naksutumem arac nagned

gnarab napuduleynep naka nanikgnumek padahret naagajnep tatekrepmem - gnarab

.aisyalaM haread ek nad irad

akajibek aynrihal nagneD kitilop n )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD ap ad

am ,amaL edrO nahatniremep as arebek ,nasagetek nakitkubmem nad nain

aisenodnI asgnab emsilanoisan raneb - helo nakparetid halet raneb nediserP

awhab naksagenem nakaes aguj taykaR odnamoK iwD aynhuggnuseS .onrakeoS

b kutnu asib gnay asgnab nakub ,hamel gnay asgnab nakub aisenodnI asgna

,gnarakes nupuam ulud kiab roirepus gnay aragen halada aisenodnI .nakhecelid

ayntaykar nad hatniremep irad atayn gnay nakapmokek atres tagnames

ses id nad sitnirid halet aynhuggnu nakitkub ini asgnab lawa kajes irad

ilabmek ini asgnab gnarakes aynsurahes haduS .naakedremek nakgnaujrepmem

igab emsilanoisan asar nakatpicnem suret nad saget ,inareb gnay asgnab idajnem

.ini iregen

6 noitusaN .H.A , saguT naliggnaP ihunemeM ,gnugA gnunuG TP ,atrakaJ , ,7891 .96 .mlh


8

.B HALASAM NASUMUR

akam ,sata id gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB ur libmaid gnay halasam nasum

tukireb iagabes halada :

.1 wD aynrihal gnakaleb ratal anamiagaB adap )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK i

?amaL edrO asam

.2 naanaskalep sesorp anamiagaB iagabes )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD

ab emsilanoisan nad nainarabek ,nasagetek atayn itkub adap aisenodnI asgn

?amaL edrO asam

.3 igab )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal kapmad anamiagaB

aisenodnI nagnubuh - edrO nahatniremep aynrihkareb kajnemes aisyalaM

?gnarakes iapmas amaL

.C NASILUNEP NAUJUT

: kutnu naujutreb ini halakam nasiluneP

.1 naksalejneM l aleb rata taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal gnak )arokiwD(

.amaL edrO asam adap

.2 naksalejneM naanaskalep sesorp iagabes )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD

adap aisenodnI asgnab emsilanoisan nad nainarabek ,nasagetek atayn itkub

.amaL edrO asam

.3 naksalejneM ynrihal kapmad igab )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD a


.gnarakes iapmas amaL


9

.D TAAFNAM NASILUNEP

.a nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep igaB

umli igab taafnamreb tapad nakparahid ini halakam nasilunep lisaH

hategnep odnamoK iwD gnatnet aisenodnI lanoisan harajes aynsusuhk nau

,nasageteK atayN itkuB ”aisyalaM gnaynaG“ 4691 )arokiwD( taykaR

nahatniremeP asaM adaP aisenodnI asgnaB emsilanoisaN nad nainarebeK

.amaL edrO

.b amrahD atanaS satisrevinU igaB

asiluneP ni halakam n gnay isamrofni nakirebmem tapad nakparahid i

atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham aynsusuhk awsisaham arap igab taafnamreb

iwD gnatnet aisenodnI lanoisan harajes iuhategnem nigni gnay amrahD

atayN itkuB ”aisyalaM gnaynaG“ 4691 )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK

K ,nasageteK asaM adaP aisenodnI asgnaB emsilanoisaN nad nainarebe

amaL edrO nahatniremeP naakatsupek iskelok habmanem asib aguj nad

isnerefer nahab idajnem aguj tapad nad haimli ayrak aynsusuhk awsisaham

natnet naitilenep naktujnalem nigni gnay harajes g R odnamoK iwD .tayka

.c silunep igaB

lisah nad urab nasawaw akubmem halet silunep igab ini nasilunep lisaH

salikes kutnu silunep adapek natapmesek nakirebmem halet ini nasilunep

arap adapek aisenodnI lanoaisan harajes ianegnem nauhategnep igabreb

harajes aynsusuhk acabmep gnaynaG“ 4691 )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD

asgnaB emsilanoisaN nad nainarebeK ,nasageteK atayN itkuB ”aisyalaM

amaL edrO nahatniremeP asaM adaP aisenodnI


01

.d acabmep igaB

asiluneP arap igab amaturet nasawaw saulrepmem tapad nakparahid ini n

sarem gnay acabmep iwD harajes gnatnet iuhategnem kutnu kiratret a

atayN itkuB ”aisyalaM gnaynaG“ 4691 )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK

asaM adaP aisenodnI asgnaB emsilanoisaN nad nainarebeK ,nasageteK

.amaL edrO nahatniremeP

.E nasiluneP akitametsiS

gnatnat nasiluneP R odnamoK iwD“ gnaynaG“ 4691 )arokiwD( tayka

asgnaB emsilanoisaN nad nainarebeK ,nasageteK atayN itkuB ”aisyalaM

“amaL edrO nahatniremeP asaM adaP aisenodnI : utiay ,bab 5 irad iridret

I BAB : nauluhadnep apureB ,halasam gnakaleb ratal taumem , nasumur

halasam naujut , am ,nasilunep ,nasilunep taafn akitametsis nad

.nasilunep

: II BAB akaleb ratal sahabmeM taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal gn )arokiwD(


: III BAB sahabmeM naanaskalep sesorp )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD

bes ebek ,nasagetek atayn itkub iaga r asgnab emsilanoisan nad naina

amaL edrO asam adap aisenodnI .

VI BAB : igab )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal kapmad sahabmeM

aisenodnI nagnubuh - nahatniremep aynrihkareb kajnemes aisyalaM

.gnarakes iapmas amaL edrO

B : V BA b irad nalupmisek apureB I ba VI nad ,III ,I


11

II BAB

TAYKAR ODNAMOK IWD AYNRIHAL GNAKALEB RATAL

AMAL EDRO ASAM ADAP )AROKIWD(

gnay lah utaus nakub aynsatilaer malad aisyalaM nad aisenodnI kilfnoK

ratal idajnem utnet ini aragen audek irad nagnubuh harajes natetneR .urab

malad tauk gnay gnakaleb aragen aud ratna kilfnok nalucnumek babes ilaggnem

susuhk araces naka silunep ,ini II bab adap nasahabmeP .tubesret aggnatet

asam adap )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal gnakaleb ratal naksalajnem

M nad aisenodnI nagnubuh )a( nasahabmep nagned amaL edrO asam adap aisyala

,lainolok c( ,aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep )b( nakaloneP ) - padahret nakalonep

yalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep P isatnorfnok nakajibek )d( ,ais onrakeoS nediser

.3691 aisyalaM padahret

.A lainoloK asaM aisyalaM nad aisenodnI nagnubuH

ynharajes malaD gnay aggnatet aragen aud halada aisyalaM nad aisenodnI a

agen aud helo hajajid gnisam mulebes aporE ar - n gnisam kutnebmem ini arage

kadit ini aragen audek lainolok nahajajnep asam adaP .akedrem aragen haubes

naknialem ,aisyalaM nad aisenodnI iamanid alrehteN seidnI tsaE dn )aisenodnI( ,

nad oenroB dna ayalaM hsitirB .)aisyalaM(

.1 aisenodnI iD adnaleB nakududneP asaM

laH .taugnem nikames 2061 nuhat adap adnaleB naasaukek ,aisenodnI iD

aratnasun id adnaleB gnagad naahasurep ayniridreb nagned iadnatid tubesret gnay


21

nagned lanekid eingapmoC ehcsidnI tsoO edginereV iloponomem gnay )COV(

hapmer nagnagadrep - sata adnaleB nahajajneP .aratnasun naualupek id hapmer

manat nkajibek utiay nainolok nakajibek iulalem taugnem naidumek aratnasun

0381 edoirep ratikes askap - 781 aisenodnI imub id emsilainolok naridaheK .0

,aisenodnI asgnab harajes nanalajrep nakutnenem turut gnay sirotsih atkaf halada

gnay aisyalaM nagned adnaleB lainolok asam adap aratnasun nagnubuh kusamret

uj uti utkaw adap .sirggnI helo iasaukid hisam ag

malaD olgnA - ytaerT hctuD nad sirggnI lainoloK hatniremep ,4281 nuhat

gnisam naasaugnep satab igabmem adnaleB - gnay akalaM taleS ratikes id gnisam

naijnajrep nagned lanekid .ecneulfni fo erehpS ini 4281 nuhat naijnajrep numaN

mep audek hayaliw satab rutagnem kadit ualuP id tubesret lainolok hatnire

ini hayaliw ikidileynem ialum adnaleB gnaroes 5281 nuhaT .)oenroB( natnamilaK

( noitidepxE relloM hctuD kawaraS sata koorB semaJ naasaugnep helo ucipiD .)

“ nakraulegnem adnaleB lainoloK hatniremep ,1481 nuhat fo noituloseR eht

noisisop s’hctuD eht gnidragerehcsidnI tsaE dnalrehteN eht no lareneG ronrevoG

’oenroB ni nad 7781 nuhat habaS iasaugnem aguj sirggnI .6481 nuhat

lainolok hatniremep nagned natigiL nad nadapiS naualupek naktuberepmem

adap gnujureb naidumek gnay adnaleB .1981 nuhat amatrep nodnoL isnevnoK

sirggnI nad adnaleB lainolok hatniremep 5191 nuhat ,satnut muleb aneraK

nagned naksuretid nad audek nodnoL isnevoK adap nagnidnurep naktujnalem

1291 nuhat aratna nagnidnurep naiakgnares - id nasatabrep naijnajreP .0391

aK gnisam anerak nagnajnapekreb suret ini natnamil - tukgnaynem aynah gnisam

satab - nahurulesek sirag nakutnenam apnat utnetret hayaliw kutnu lakol satab


31

ualuP nataleS iapmas aratU hayaliw igabmem gnay rumiT iapmas taraB irad satab

.natnamilaK

hayaliW - ay hayaliw nad sirggnI lainoloK hatniremep naktuberepid hisam gn

ualup atres ,natigiL nad nadapiS itrepes uti taas adnaleB - taleS id nial licek ualup

naidumeK .tubesret lainolok aud ratna aynnaigabmep salej kadit gnay akalaM

id tubesret iaseles muleb gnay nahalasamrep nad aisyalaM aratna naktuberep

.adnaleB nad sirggnI inolok irad sapel tubesret aragen audek haletes aisenodnI

kadit ataynret 5191 nad ,1981 ,4281 nuhat adnaleB nad sirggnI aratna naijnajreP

satab naksatnunem - b gnay tubesret aragen audek aratna inolok satab tabikare

.irah naidumekid aisyalaM nad aisenodnI aratna nasatabrep halasam aynlucnum 1

.2 aisyalaM iD sirggnI nakududneP asaM

numan sirggnI nahajaj aragen iagabes lanekid ini amales gnay aisyalaM

.aporE aragen aparebeb naktabilem ini arageN nakududnep harajes nakhaB

aisyalaM nad ayalaM gnujnanemeS irad iridret gnay taraB naigaB aisyalaM

id adareb gnay habaS nad kawareS naigab aragen sata iridret ,rumiT naigab

isargim harajeS .adebreb gnay harajes ikilimem ,natnamilaK ualuP aratU naigab

jnanemeS nad lainolok nad nagned nasatabreb anerak skelpmok hibel ayalaM gnu

ainud narayalep nad nagnagadrep idan taru utas halas idajnem gnay akalaM taleS

gnay amatrep aporE asgnab iagabes paggnaid gnay sigutroP .uluhad namaz kajes

as halas iasaugnem ,nakulkanep isim nagned gnatad taleS taraB iatnaP id atok ut

1 ivE inairtiF , I nagnubuH aisenodn - tkepsreP malaD aisyalaM aideM nad ,arageN ,ayaduB laisoS fi :atrakaJ ,

,aisenodnI satisrevinU tibreneP ,2102 .91 .mlh


41

51 nuhat akalaM amanreb gnay akalaM akalaM natluS gnorodnem gnay 11

dumhaM hayS P hadni .rohoJ ek

sirggnI tuberid naidumek ,adnaleB nagnat ek hutaj akalaM 1461 nuhaT

hajajnep iagabes lanekid gnay naidumek halsirggnI .5971 nuhat hayaliw amatu

iagabes lanekid lainolok asam adap gnay tubesret .oenroB dna ayalaM hsitirB

6871 nuhat gnaneP ualuP id ialumid taraB aisyalaM sata airggnI nakududneP

hurules ripmah nad 9181 nuhat arupagniS naasaugnep nagned naktujnalid gnay

ipatet iasaugnem aynah kadit sirggnI .na0381 nuhat ayalaM gnujnanemeS

ad akalaM ,gnaneP ualuP nakgnabmegnem tubesid aynagitek( arupagniS n stiartS

stnemeltteS .aynnaladna nagnagadrep nahubalep iagabes ) 2

utiay adebreb arac nagned sirggnI helo iasaukid gnay rumiT aisyalaM

ekoorB semaJ amanreb sirgnI gnalautep gnaroeS .aragen nakub rotka iulalem

em ialum 1481 nuhat gnarakes gnay hayaliw id idabirp muirepmi nugnabm

nanatluseK naasaukek irad tubesret haread ignudnilem kutnu kawareS idajnem

iagabes asaukreb ekoorB agrauleK .ienurB kawaraS fo sajaR etihW eht iapmas

hayaliw nakhareynem ekoorB renyV selrahC riS akitek 6491 adapek tubesret

,sirggnI naahasurep iasaukid habaS nupadA .sirggnI hatniremeP deretrahC eht

oenroB htroN fo ynapmoC id uluS nanatluseK ,aynmulebes asaugnep irad

lanoisanretni ainud adapek nakiapmaynem sirggnI 2981 nuhaT .nataleS anipillihP

nah kadit awhab isesnok hayaliw ay ynapmoC oenroB htroN hurules aguj ipatet

hayaliw gnuju iD .sirggnI tarotketorp nakasarem ienurB nad kawareS hayaliw

2 dibI ,. .31 .mlh


51

adnaleB lainolok hatniremep naktuberepid natigiL nad nadapiS naualupek ,habaS

illihP naualupek iasaugnem gnay loynapS nad ek daba lawa adap anip - .91 3

.B aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmeP

.1 aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmeP sagaggneP hokoT

isaredeF nakutnebmep gnakaleb id adareb gnay hakapais ianegnem naaguD

aragen iregen raul nakitiloprep malad urab isnemid nakrihalem halet aisyalaM -

agen halet tubesret nasagag lasa anam iraD .araggneT aisA id urab ar

aisenodnI aynlah itrepes tapadnepreb gnay adA .tapadnep aparebeb naklucnumem

kadit ilakes amas ini tapadnep aynranebeS .sirggnI irad lubmit uti nasagag awahab

harajes irad itiletid alib urilek ada gnamem 7881 nuhat malad uluhaD .ayalaM

adapek naknaraynem gnay ,yessarB droL ,sirggnI nawasgnab gnaroes fo esuoH

droL haread irad nautasrep haubes kutnebmem kutnu - id sirggnI inolok haread

.araggneT aisA

lA artuP namhaR ludbA ukgneT - nipmimem gnay jjaH aisyalaM isaredeF

amatrep 7591 nuhat kajes - isaredeF nakutnebmeP nasagag nakratnolem amat

naped id aracibreb ai akitek ,1691 ieM 72 laggnat adap arupagniS id aisyalaM

malad id gnubagret gnay nawatraw arap .noitaicossA stsilanruoJ ngieroF isaredeF

akaparahid nad ,kawareS ,arupagniS ,ayalaM irad iridret nad kutnebid tapad n

uti huajeS .kusam aidesreb aguj ienurB raga nakrawatid 2691 nuhat malaD .habaS

muleb aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep ayapu malad sirggnI natabilretek

mhaR ludbA haletes ipateT .nakhalasamrepid anadreP nagned isatlusnokreb na

2691 iluJ nalub nad 1691 rebotkO nalub malad nodnoL id nalliMcM iretneM

3 dibI ., 31 .mlh - .41


61

kahip id tauk nikam gnay naagud lubmit ,isaredef anacner naanaskalep ianegnem

nasagag halada aynranebes isaredeF nakutnebmep nasagag awhab ,aisenodnI

nI .sirgg 4

.2 aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmeP sesorP

.1.2 sirggnI nagned aisyalaM nagnidnureP

sirggnI MP nad ,namhaR ludbA MP helo nakadaid gnay nagnidnureP

.kokop lah agit naksutumem 1691 rebotkO nalub malad nodnoL id nalliMcM

m aisyalaM isaredeF nad sirggnI ,amatreP nagnubaggnep iujuteyne nad arupagniS

nakidileynep nakadagnem naka aisyalaM isaredeF nad sirggnI ,audeK .ayalaM

naulrepek kutnu gnay ,aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep gnatnet maladnem gnay

aratna nanahatreP naujutesreP ,agiteK .isimok haubes kutnebid naka uti sirggnI

isaredeF haread hurules itupilem aggnih saulrepid naka aisyalaM isaredeF nad

.aisyalaM 5

sagut nagned isimok kutnebid ,audek nasutupek tujnal kadnit iagabeS

droL helo iautekid ini isimoK .isaredeF nakutnebmep nanikgnumek igajajnem

nareb nad dlobboC otaD ,notsrehtaW divaD riS ,llebA ynohtnA riS nakatogg

lisaH .eifahS nib ilazaG ehcnE nad eeN oP gnoW - malad taumid nagajajnep lisah

eht fo tropeR kawareS dna oenroB troN ,yriuqnI fo noissimmoC iraD .2691 nuhat

araus aynada iuhatekid nial aratna ini naropal nakutnebmep artnok nad orp

iujuteynem kududnep agitrepes awhab naktubeynem nial aratna naropaL .isaredeF

haread nagnitnepek raga tarays nagned iujuteynem nial agitrepes ,tarays apnat

4 tayadiH nimkuM , iregeN rauL kitiloP malaD INT , naparaH raniS akatsuP :atrakaJ , ,1991 .58 .mlh 5 aisenodnI kilbupeR isamolpiD harajeS ukuB nasiluneP aitinaP , kilbupeR isamolpiD harajeS

asaM eK asaM iraD aisenodnI atrakaJ , nemetrapeD : aisenodnI kilbupeR iregeN rauL , ,5002 .03 .mlh


71

naigabeS .aud idajnem araus halebret igal agitrepes gnay gnades nimajret nigni

helorepmem nigni naigabes nad ,sirggnI nahatniremep hawab id suret patet

.isaredeF malad gnubagreb mulebes uluhad hibelret naakedremek 6

laH - sata sirggnI nagnukud nad natabilretek aynada agudid tapad sata id lah

naaguD .aisyalaM isaredeF aynkutnebret awhab naataynek helo igal taukrepid ini

isatnorfnok haletes ,kisif gnadib ek resegreb hibel helo naknahatrepid isaredeF

sirggnI nagnubag - .aisyalaM

.2.2 aisyalaM isaredeF hayaliW nautneneP

tagnas gnay hayalim ikilimem aynah aynlawa uyaleM hanaT nautukesreP

malad numaN .gnaneP ualuP nad akalaM atoK ,uyaleM harizaJ utiay licek

tubesret haread iasaugnem hisam uti taas gnay sirggnI ,aynnagnabmekrep

surah alib tauk naka kadit uti licek gnay iregen awhab narikimep iaynupmem

namacna atres sinumok nakareg gnudnebmem - nial iregen irad kiab namacna

.iridnes aynaggnatet iregen nupuam

uti uyaleM hanaT nautukesreP nakgnabmegnem kutnu arac utas halaS

nagned arupagniS nad ,kawareS ,ienurB ,habaS nakgnubaggnem nagned halada

ihka ini nasagaG .tubesret uyaleM hanaT nautukesreP amasreb taket idajnem aynr

.rupmuL alauK id nipmimep arap nad sirggnI aratna 7

6 tayadiH ,nimkuM o .p c ,.ti 78 .mlh - .88 7 .A .K otnayrahiW )tatkiD( , aisyalaM nagnabmekreP nad ienurB harajeS nakididneP idorP :atrakaygoY ,

nU )PIKF( amrahD atanaS satisrevi , ,3002 24 .mlh .


81

.3.2 aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmeP isaralkeD

nakapurem alinaM TTK nad oykoT TTK kutnu nakukalid gnay ahasu utaus

iapacnem sata artnok nad orp aynsaulem hagnet id natakapesek utaus

aynirid paggnagnem gnay sirggnI hatniremep .aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep

haread sata asaukreb gnay kahip nakapurem - uti nakatekgnesrepid gnay haread

naumetrep malad tabilret hanrep kadit asrem - .tubesret naumetrep

D ,sirggnI narumkamesreP amasajreK iretneM nakgnayaynem sydnaS nacnu

aynem nad ini lah t :naka laggnat nautnenep igal amal hibel adnunem nigni kadiT“

asgnaB natakiresreP nigni kadit aguj ,aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep - asgnab

.”sirggnI inolok haubes malad nagnat rupmac tuki 8

nodnoL nad rupmuL alauK id katneres araces ,3691 sutsugA 92 laggnaT

naka nad nakpatetid halet aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep awhab nakmumuid

tagnas tubesret namumugneP .3691 rebmetpeS 61 laggnat adap nakanaskalid

racneP miT kusamret kahip kaynab naktujegnem tapmes muleb gnay BBP atkaF i

paggnagnem onrakeoS nediserP uti taas adaP .aynsagut nakiaseleynem

iagabes aguj ipatet ,alinaM TTK raggnalem aynah nakub tubesret namumugnep

.amasreb natakapesek nakiabagnem anerak ,naanihgnep

gnep ialinem aisenodnI hatniremeP ini aisyalaM nakutnebmep namumu

)3 ,alinaM TTK nagned nagnatnetreb )2 ,sitarkomed kadit )1 :lah agit raggnalem

.isasinoloked ianegnem BBP isuloser nagned nagnatnetreb 9

8 aisenodnI kilbupeR isamolpiD harajeS ukuB nasiluneP aitinaP , c .po ti ,. 14 .mlh . 9 .dibI


91

.C nakaloneP - aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmeP padahreT nakalonep

.1 padahreT nakaloneP nasagaG aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmeP

idnem kutnu namhaR ludbA uknuT nasagaG aisyalaM isaredeF nakir

hokot arap irad suires nad saul napaggnat tapadnem - nasawak id gnitnep hokot

.aynmulebes agudid kadit gnay araggneT aisA

.1.1 hokoT - aisyalaM isaredeF kaloneP hokoT

.1.1.1 )onrakeoS .rI( aisenodnI kilbupeR nediserP

isaredeF nakutnebmep nasagag akitek lojnonem gnay napaggnat ada kadiT

naped id aynotadip malad namhaR ludbA uknuT nakratnolid aisyalaM ehT

noitaicossA stsilanruoJ ngieroF .1691 ieM 72 laggnat adap arupagniS id 01 aH uti l

kanerakid na gnay taraB nairI id nagnaujrep nakitahrepmem hisam gnay aisenodnI

tahilem malad ,naikimed nupikseM .nagnaujrep rihka pahatid iapmas hadus

gnay raul kahip ada awhab tahilem halet aisenodnI ,ini aisyalaM isaredeF nasagag

nakaleb id adareb g aisenodnI inid kajeS .aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep anacner

sata ujutes naka aynah aisenodnI awhab aynnairidnep nakataynem salej hadus

taykar naujutesrep nad nanigniek ,nauamek sata nakrasadid alib tubesret nasagag

.ini anacner malad tukgnasret gnay 11

nodnI hanrep kadit gnarakes iapmas 5491 sutsugA 71 isamalkorp kajes aise

ul id hayaliw mialkgnem kutnu rikipreb aggnihes ,isamalkorp hayaliw ra aisenodnI

itna gnay aragen patet ini taas iapmas isamalkorp kajes irad - nupuam emsilainolok

.emsilatipak manatid uti laH id nak kilbupeR nautaseK arageN napudihek malad

atic nagned nakiausesid anerak aisenodnI - kalonem gnay aisenodnI isulover atic

01 .dibI , 53 .mlh . 11 .dibI


02

.nahajajnep kutneb alages huggnuS nakalonep awhab iradasid tapad taykar

ret aisenodnI F tubesid gnay apa padah uti aisyalaM isarede utauses nakapurem

asib uti ”aisyalaM“ aynada irad takekah anerak laka kusam nad rajaw tagnas gnay

silainolok namacna haubes nakapurem - gnay rumiT aisA aladnam id silairepmi

aragen nad IR aragen submenem pais - .aynsusuhk araggneT aisA id nial aragen

gned akaM uti aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep sata akam tubesret lah aynada na

iskaer naklucnumem askapret aisenodnI - iujuteynem kadit ayntafis gnay iskaer

.aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep

.2.1.1 )lagapacaM( anipiliF nediserP

nad iujuteynem kadit gnamem anipiliF lawa kajeS nasagag gnatnenem

utiay aynkah tutnunem anipiliF .aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep ianegnem

hayaliw nakapurem aynharajes irad tahilid alib gnay habaS hayaliw ianegnem

nakawesid hanrep gnay uluS natluS kilim utiay anipiliF helo .sirggnI

peS nad iluJ nalub adaP kahip ,1691 rebmet halasam nakujagnem anipiliF

kadit tagnas sirggnI napaggnat numan ,sirggnI kahip ek ini habaS hayaliw

.anipiliF kahip naksaumem iliF uti haleteS kutnu iridnesret edi iaynupmem anip

atU natnamilaK ,ayalaM itupilem gnay nautukesrep kutnebmem nad ,anipiliF ,ar

.isaredefnok nautukesrep kutnebreb naka uti nautukesrep nad aisenodnI

lagapacaM anipiliF nediserP ,aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep ipaggnaneM

:nakataynem 2691 iluJ 72 laggnat adap

sirpmoc noitaredefnoC yalaM retaerg a fo aedi eht tseggus I” htiw nigeb ot ,gni troN dna ienurB ,kawareS ,eropagniS ,senippilihP eht ,ayalaM ro noitaredeF eht


12

elbadimrof a mrof dluow ,…… dnalsi fo cra taerg eht ,yaw siht nI .oenroB.”ytinu lacitilop dna ,cimonoce ,larutluc ,cihpargoeg 21

erid aisyalaM isaredreF akiteK anipiliF ,3691 rebmetpeS 61 laggnat nakims

rebmem kalonem i aisyalaM 3691 rebmetpeS 71 laggnat adaP .naukagnep

.anipiliF nagned itamolpid nagnubuh naksutumem 31

.3.1.1 irahazA hkiehS taykaR iatraP iridneP( )malasuraD ienurB

itilop nataukeK iatraP halai ienurB amatu k kaR nakiridid uti taas gnay tay

gnaroes halada irahazA .6591 nuhat malad irahazA hkiehS helo nipmipid nad

asam malad rogoB nakanreteP halokes id nakididnep imalagnem hanrep isitilop

nawalem malad aisenodnI nagnaujrep helo nasekret tagnas aI .kisif isulover

aticreb aguj aI .adnaleB hajajnep - kutnu nad ienurB irad sirggnI risugnem nakatic

ai uti kaR iatraP nakiridnem naidumek nalub nahilimep malad ini iatraP .tay

id isruk amil hulup amil irad tapme hulup amil nakgnanemem 2691 sutsugA

iasaugnem nad kirtsiD naweD naweD id isruk agit hulup agit aratna id saleb mane

.fitalsigeL 41

nat adaP kaR iatrap 2691 rebmeseD 8 lagg ayniridreb nakisamalkorpmem tay

.kawareS nad ienurB ,habaS irad iridret gnay aratU natnamilaK nautaseK arageN

zA nakgnanacid isamalkorp taas adap numaN .anipilliF id adareb gnades iraha

nigni aynah ai ipatet ,ienurB natluS iagrahgnam tagnas hisam irahazA aynranebeS

tagnas ienurB isulover uti taas adaP .sirggnI inolok irad akedrem nad sapel ienurB

natnenem suires tagnas aguj gnay aisenodnI pakis nagned orp msilainolok g .e

zA ,aynisulover nagned nalajeS ojrahuS lenoloK nad IKP narawat amirenem iraha

21 dibI . 73 .mlh , . 31 dibI . 41 tayadiH nimkuM , .tic .po , 98 .mlh - .09


22

aratneT nahitalep ianegnem rumiT natnamilaK amilgnaP nakapurem gnay

nahatreb kadit irahazA nakatnorebmep nupikseM .aratU natnamilaK lanoisaN

maderid tapad nad amal halet tubesret isulover kadit gnilap ipatet ,sirggnI helo

aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep awhab ainud padahret saul nagnadap irebmem

nagnatnetrep uata nanawalrep tapadnem kadit nakub , taykar aynranebes anerak

dremek utaus ikadnehgnem tagnas aratU natnamilaK irad hunep gnay naake

.sirggnI

.2.1 aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmeP nakaloneP naujuT

iskaer kaynab irebmem aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebemep gnatnet nasagaG

isaredeF aynkutnebret igab urab nagnatnir nakapurem gnay artnok nad orp

kahip irad nialeS .aisyalaM aguj aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep ,aisenodnI

apadnem t malad ek nakgnubagid kadneh gnay hayaliw iagabreb irad artnok

.tubesret aisyalaM isaredeF

igab urab nagnatnat irebmem pukuc iridnes uti takaraysam irad nagnatnetreP

aleS .aisyalaM aisaredeF nakutnebmep ,idat nagajajnep lisah atilaer ni

gnay iatrap aparebeb irad artnok aynada nagned habmatreb aguj nahalasamrep

haread irad lasareb - isaredeF malad ek nakgnubagid kadneh aguj gnay haread

iatrap itrepes tubesret aisyalaM - upagniS ,ayalaM irad lasareb gnay iatrap nad ,ar

sirggnI natnamilaK .)oenroB troN hsitirB(

iatraP - isaredeF nakutnebmep gnatnenem uti taas adap gnay kitilop iatrap

sirggnI natnamilaK nad ,arupagniS ,ayalaM id tapadret aisyalaM troN hsitirB(

.)oenroB laisoS tnorF ,ayalaM iD raP irad iridret gnay si kaR iat aguj )SAP( tay

nasiraB .aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep gnatnenem gnay nagnolog kusamret


32

eP iatraP ,arupagniS silaisoS kaR iatraP nad ajrek nagnolog kusamret arupagniS tay

iD .arupagniS id gnatnenem gnay kaR iatraP ,sirggnI natnamilaK id ienurB tay

enurB iatrap kusamret kawareS id ytaP s’elpoeP detinU kawareS nad i - gnay iatrap

tapadnem ulrep gnay haread aud adA .isaredeF nakutnebmep iujuteynem kadit

.ienurB nad arupagniS inkay susuhk natoros

ugar pakis nakkujnunem arupagniS alumes kajeS - agag padahret ugar nas

nad aniC kududnep nagnabmi halasam anerak amaturet ,isaredeF nakutnebmep

nagnabmitrep anerak halai audeK .amatu fitom utas halas idajnem aniC non

aliB .arupagniS igab amatu nagnabmitrep idajnem asaitnanes gnay imonoke

abes arupagniS ,kutnebret isaredeF adapek nakhareynem surah naigaB arageN iag

irad helorepid gnay nalisahgnep irad nesrep hulup tapme isaredeF hatniremep

000.000.05 $ M rasebes nagnabmus nakirebmem alup naksurahid uti nialeS .kajap

ep akgnar malad mahas iagabes nuhat amil utkaw akgnaj malad nanugnabm

.aratU natnamilaK hayaliw 51

MP aratna nodnoL id naumetreP .ienurB irad gnatad nial nagnabmitreP

natakapesek naklisahgnem 2691 nuhat adap namhaR ludbA MP nagned nalliMcM

ienurB nakatoggnareb asib nakparahid aguj gnay isaredeF nakutnebmep ianegnem

A 13 adap kutnebid naka nakanacnerid uti utkaw adap gnay adaP .3691 sutsug

natluS aynlawa nad uti anacner padahret fitisop gnay nopser nakirebmem ienurB

nakataynem ienurB natluS nakhab K .tubesret anacner naka ujutes irad naidume

ahip k ajek ada asarem ienurB nakhutubmem naidumek gnay nalaggn

.imonoke nad kitilop kepsa pukacnem uti nalaggnajeK .ilabmek nagnabmitrep

51 .dibI 88 .mlh - .98


42

nad isnetop iaynupmem gnay haread iagabes imonoke lah malad ,amatreP

naayakek akam ,imub kaynim naka naayakek - ienurB ikilimid gnay naayakek

ubesret nagnitnepek kutnu isaredeF kahip helo todesret naka sitamoto t -

aynnial aisyalaM isaredeF hayaliw nugnabmem ahasu malad nial nagnitnepek

naksurahid aguj ienurB uti nialeS .iridnes ienurB nanugnabmep adapirad

s isaredeF hatniremep adapek nagnabmus nakirebmem 000.000.04 $ M rasebe

awhab isasnepmok iagabes rayabid surah uti nagnabmuS .aynnuhat paites

rebmus ipatet ,aynnial kajap kugnumem naka kadit isaredeF hatniremep

imonoke gnadib nahalasamreP .kajap nakanekid naka imub kaynim nalisahgnep

aubmem halet tubesret malad ek gnubagreb kutnu ilabmek rikipreb kutnu ienurB t

ienurB nagnabmitrep idajnem gnay audek gnay naidumek .aisyalaM isaredeF

licek hibel naka ienurB natluS nakududek naturU .kitilop halasam halada

es aggnihes gnogA naknautrepiD gnaY idajnem nanikgnumek nad sitilop arac

.ayalaM hawab id hadner hibel adareb naka ienurB silobmis

j utigeB piliF nad aisenodnI nagned agu ebmep gnatnenem tagnas ani n nakut

piliF .aisyalaM isaredeF gnay habaS hayaliw sata isibma ada anerak kalonem ani

akarasadid kah sata n - irotsih kah piliF .s iw awhab napaggnareb ani habaS hayal

piliF kilim halada natluS kilim halada uti habaS sirotsih irad siratid alib anerak ani

,sirggnI adapek awesid gnay uluS aj adap nad anipiliF ajas patet aynkilimep id

piliF uti utkaw S hayaliw nigni ani haba piliF adapek nakilabmekid .ani

aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep gnatnanem kutnu onrakeoS nasutupeK

amatrep - aynpakiS .aynigoloedi isatneiro akgnarek malad imahapid surah amat

itna gnay - itna nad silainolok - amales tisilpske nikam idajnem silairepmi


52

mep nagnaujrep taas adap ainud igabmem gnay ubuk aud adA .taraB nairI nasabeb

ubuK .onrakeoS nagnadnap turunem uti secroF dehsilbatsE dlO ( ,OFEDLO

nataukek - aragen irad iridret gnay )patnam hadus gnay amal nataukek - aragen

ubuk nad ,taraB id silairepmi nad silatipak mE weN secroF gnigre ( ,OFEN

nataukek - aragen pukacnem gnay )lucnum urab gnay nataukek - aisA id urab aragen

aragen nad ,nitaL akiremA ,akirfA nad - .silaisos aragen 61 gnay asahab malaD

onrakeoS .ainud kitilop sisilanagnem onrakeoS ,lanoisome nad lakidar nikames

sikulem silainolokoen natolpmok utaus nakapurem aisyalaM nakutnebmep nak

sirggnI nagnitnepek nimajnem nad asienodnI gnupegnem naujutreb uti taas gnay

.araggneT aisA id

aynnapaggna turunem anerak ,isaredeF nakutnebmep gnatnenem aisenodnI

gnI nasagag halada isaredeF ,arupagniS ,ayalaM taykar nasagag nakub nad sirg

silairepmi nad silainolok aragen iagabes paggnaid sirggnI .habaS uata kawareS

,aynotadip utas halas malaD .aratU irad aisenodnI gnupegnem naka gnay ,urab

B ,3691 iluJ 11 laggnat adap gnudnaB daokseS id inkay nial aratna onraK gnu

:nakataynem sirggnI kahip nad namharludbA uknuT helo aisyalaM ajnkutnebiD“

isatnorfnok ,aisenodnI isulover padahret isatnorfnok nakapurem halada atik igab

atik kadneh amal kajdes gnaj 2atijt padahret nad atik natamalesek padahret

skal .”nakana 71 isaredreF nakutnebmep awhab naksagenem tubesret otadip isI

iulalem ilabmek nakatpicid kadneh gnay milokeN keyorp nakapurem aisyalaM

laH .araggneT aisA nasawak id aynsusuhk aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep

61 ,nessuahdnuS flU 5491 aisenodnI retiliM kitiloP - IRBA isgnuF iwD ujuneM 7691 atrakaJ , : ,SE3PL ,6891

.592 .mlh 71 tayadiH nimkuM , o .p c ,.ti .19 .mlh


62

atic nagned nagnatnetreb utnet tubesret - atic itna gnay aisenodnI asgnab

.emsilairepmi nad emsilainolok

.2 aisyalaM isaredeF padahreT aisenodnI nakaloneP kutneB

nikames aisyalaM nakutnebmep anacner padahret aisenodnI iskaeR

rebmeseD 8 laggnat adap ienurB id nakatnorebmep aynhacep haletes takgninem

2691 aratU natnamilaK aragen nakutnebmep tutnunem katnorebmep muaK .

hayaliw idajnem hanrep uluhad gnay sirggnI nahajaj hurules hayaliw nagned

.ienurB natluS naasaukek 81 halet tubesret ienurB id nakatnorebmep aynadA

muak padahret aisenodnI itapmis gnadnugnem onrakeoS nediserP .katnorebmep

naksapelid tapad kadit aynranebes tubesret nakatnorebmep awhab naksagenem

gnay apa irad saget nabawaj iagabes utiay ofeN nakamanid gnay apa irad

ranebes uti naataynrep nad ofedlO nakamanid ayn nagnukud kutneb nakapurem

dnesret id idajret gnay nakatnorebmep padahret aisenodnI hatniremep irad iri

.aratU natnamilaK

ofeN )secroF gnigremE weN( y urab nataukek nakapurem na gnades g

aragen utiay lucnum - y renoisulover fisergorp aragen na emsilairepmi itna g nad

emsilainolok aynkilabes edlO of )secroF sehsilbatsE dlO( nataukek nakapurem

y amal na iay napam halet g ut aragen - y silatipak aragen na nad silainolokoen g

.)milokeN( silairepmi 91 kutnu adnaleB padahret isatnorfnok utkawes akiJ

voS inU irad nautnab tapadnem aisenodnI ,ayaJ nairI naksabebmem akam ,tei

utnabnem CRR .CRR gnukudid aisenodnI ini aisyalaM nagned isatnorfnok malad

81 .A .K otnayrahiW , c .po ti ,. .mlh 74 91 isarkomed/01/1102/moc.topsgolb.yohcharajesaidem//:ptth - nipmipret - 9591 - lmth.6691 03 laggnat hudnuid(

.)3102 rebotkO


72

aisA id sinumok itna mizer nugnabmem sirggnI awhab nasala nagned aisenodnI

nakareg utnabmem CRR uti anerak ,araggneT - nawalem gnay nakareg

.aisyalaM nakutnebmep 02 k hibelreT rudnum uata irid naksapelem aisenodnI akite

asgnaB natakiresreP atoggna irad - 5691 iraunaJ 7 laggnat adap )BBP( asgnaB

asgnaB natakiresreP atoggna idajnem aisyalaM amirenem BBP nakanerakid -

.asgnaB ajnem lanoisanretni murof id aisenodnI kareg gnaur aynkapmaD tipmes id

aragen ek namodepreb aynah babes - sinumok aragen taubmem uti lah nad

.rumiT kolB kahip id ada nasekret aisenodnI

aisenodnI nagnaujrep isatnorfnok aynrihkareb aggnih ialumid kajeS

aragen helo gnukudid gnamem - non aragen - aragen nad kolb - kolb aragen sinumok

.aratU aeroK nad airagluB ,airagnoH ,aikawalsokejT ,aidnaloP ,teivoS inU itrepes

aragen amatureT - namreJ itrepes BBP atoggna idajnem muleb uti taas gnay aragen

aynkilabeS .aisenodnI gnukudnem tagnas CRR nad ,aratU manteiV ,rumiT

aragen - taraB aragen uraB aidnaleS nad ailartsuA ,takireS akiremA ,sirggnI itrepes

kutnu ahasureb halet takireS akiremA nupualaw ,aisyalaM isaredeF gnukudnem

nediserP kida ,ydenneK treboR gnugA askaJ iulalem aynnahalasamrep ihagnenem

.ydenneK .F .J 12

,sitilop iges irad tahiliD nanikgnumek salej tagnas akam - gnay nanikgnumek

taas adap sinumok kolb adap irid naktakednem tahilret onrakeoS nakbabeynem

nagnukuD .uti - aragen irad nagnukud - natakgna iaynupmem gnay sinumok aragen

ratU aeroK ,gnapeJ ,teivoS inU ,CRR itrepes tauk atajnesreb naka aidnlaoP ,a

haluti laH .nikgnum lamiskames nalajreb tapad raga isatnorfnok utnabmem tagnas

02 .A .K otnayrahiW , c .po ti ., .mlh .15 12 ,nimkuM tayadiH c .po ti ., .mlh 001 - .101


82

kolb adap irid naktakednem aggnihes onrakeoS nakgnutihrepid nikgnum gnay

aragen nagnukud nakparahgnem surah onrakeoS akitek adebreB .sinumok - aragen

babes ,taraB aragen - natakgna iaynupmem gnay taraB kolb aragen - natakgna

sirggnI hibelret ,uraB aidnaleS ,ailartsuA ,takireS akiremA itrepes tauk atajnesreb

aragen anerak ,aisenodnI nagnaujrep gnukudnem nikgnum kadit urtsuj - aragen

isaredeF nakutnebmep gnukudnem tubesret iregen malad id nakgnadeS .aisyalaM

tagnas nakasarid gnamem IKP kahip irad retilim nautnab irad huragnep ,iridnes

.aisyalaM isaredeF milokeN keyorp nawalem aisenodnI nagnaujrep malad gnitnep

s adap onrakeoS apagnem nasala idajnem nikgnum gnay tubesret laH uti taa

.sinumok kahipid adareb nasekret

amal kadit akam ,tubesret onrakeoS irad naataynrep aynada haleteS

padahret napaggnat haubes nakirebmem nup namhaR ludbA ukgneT gnalesreb

nakatnorebmep malad tabilret aisenodnI awhab nakataynem nagned aisenodnI

gnay ,tubesret gnidunem gnilas pakis aynada nagneD .aratU natnamilaK id idajret

atrakaJ nagnubuh akam - kiabmem kadit gnamem aynmulebes gnay rupmuL alauK

aisenodnI imser araces 3691 iraunaJ 8 laggnat adap aggnihes sanamem nikames

akutnebmep anacner amirenem kadit .aisyalaM n

.D nakajibeK 3691 aisyalaM padahreT onrakeoS nediserP isatnorfnoK

.1 isatnorfnoK nakajibeK rasaD

aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep padahret aisenodnI isatnorfnok nakajibeK

paggnaid aisyalaM .emsilairepmi itna nad emsilainolok itna pisnirp helo irasadid

.araggneT aisA id emsilairepmi nad emsilaiolok nataukek irad isatneserper

aisenodnI hatniremeP tnebmep paggnagnem aguj uti taas aisyalaM isaredeF naku


92

isulover nakayahabmem habaS nad kawareS ,arupagniS nakkusamem gnay

ts halada ini ,onrakeoS igaB .aisenodnI aragen igetar - kutnu taraB aragen

aragen adapeK .aisenodnI gnurugnem - aisenodnI hatiniremep ,akirfA aisA aragen

aisyalaM( aisyalaM isaredeF gnatnenem kadit aisenodnI awhab naksalejnem

aynnaakedremek gnukudnem urtsuj ipat )ayalaM gnujnanemes id taraB naigaB

s kawaraS nad ,habaS ,arupagniS naakedremek gnukudnem aisenodnI anamiagabe

sirggnI inolok sakeb agitek nakkusamem ayapu gnatnenem gnaY .ienurB atres

.aisenodnI aynah nakub aisyalaM isaredeF malad tubesret

redeF nakutnebmep gnatnanem kutnu onrakeoS nasutupeK aisyalaM isa

amatrep - aynpakiS .aynigoloedi isatneiro akgnarek malad imahapid surah amat

itna gnay - itna nad silainolok - amales tisilpske nikam idajnem silairepmi

taas adap ainud igabmem gnay ubuk aud adA .taraB nairI nasabebmep nagnaujrep

gnadnap turunem uti ubuK .onrakeoS na secroF dehsilbatsE dlO ( ,OFEDLO

nataukek - aragen irad iridret gnay )patnam hadus gnay amal nataukek - aragen

ubuk nad ,taraB id silairepmi nad silatipak secroF gnigremE weN ( ,OFEN

nataukek - aragen pukacnem gnay )lucnum urab gnay nataukek - agen aisA id urab ar

aragen nad ,nitaL akiremA ,akirfA nad - .silaisos aragen 22 gnay asahab malaD

onrakeoS .ainud kitilop sisilanagnem onrakeoS ,lanoisome nad lakidar nikames

silainolokoen natolpmok utaus nakapurem aisyalaM nakutnebmep naksikulem

reb uti taas gnay sirggnI nagnitnepek nimajnem nad asienodnI gnupegnem naujut

.araggneT aisA id

22 ,nessuahdnuS flU c .po ,.ti .592 .mlh


03

nakilabmekid habaS atnim nakhab kalonem aguj anipillihP hatniremeP

gnagad naahasurep helo awesid aynulud tubesret haread awhab nasala nagned

nagnageteK .uluS natluS irad sirggnI nad aisenodnI ,aisyalaM nagnubuh

iluJ ,inuJ nalub gnajnapes alinaM id naumetrep aparebeb gnorodnem ini anipillihP

naklisahgnem gay kitamolpid araces isaidem ayapu numaN .3691 sutsugA nad

noitararceD alinaM ,droccA alinaM nad tnemetatS tnioJ aynret tubesret kadit at

agitek 3691 inuJ 7 naumetrep malaD .kilfnok aynsaulem hagecnem lisahreb

.aragen agitek isatlusnok murof iagabes odnilihpaM kutnebmem ujutes aragen

onrakeoS ,tubesret alinaM id aragen agit naumetrep malad ,refieL turuneM

fard nakujagnem - tesrep fard nakutnebmep ignalahgnem aynnaujut gnay nauju

inolok nakatrestukignem gnay aisyalaM isaredeF - aratU natnamilaK sirggnI inolok

721 :6891 ,refieL( iamad araces - .)921 32

odadsoiD nediserP helo nakakumekid aynlasa uti odnilihpaM amaN

anipilihP nediserP( lagapacaM aynkacnumem utkaw adap )6691 aggnih 2691

malaD .3691 nuhat nahagnetrep adap aisyalaM nautukesreP nakatnorebmep sisirk

,alinaM atok id nakadaid gnay uyaleM asgnaB nupmuR nipmimep agit nakapesek

haR ludbA ukgneT halai uti uyaleM asgnaB nupmuR nipmimep agitek atuP nam r

onrakeoS nediserP ,ayalaM irad odadsoiD nediserP nad ,aisenodnI irad

uti nagnidnureP .gnidnureb nad umetreb halet ,anipillihP irad lagapacaM

gnay anasaus malad nakadaid halet gnay alinaM kacnumeK gnadiS nakamanid

cret aynrihka nad ilakes sinomrah gnay tapadnep naiauseynep utas aynsute

32 ,inairtiF ivE tic .po 32 .mlh ,. - .42


13

alinaM uata alinaM naijnajreP amanreb gnay naijnajrep utas malad nakidabaid

.)droccA alinaM( tnemeergA 42

.2 ineP nakajibeK natakgn aisenodnI isatnofnorK - aisyalaM

habaS nad ,kawareS ,arupagniS ,3691 rebmetpeS 61 laggnaT imser

akam tubeset lah ipakiyneM .aisyalaM isaredeF irad naigab idajnem gnubagreb

nagnubuH .aisyalaM nagned kitamolpid nagnubuh naksutumem ialum aisenodnI

nakidajnem atres nakitnehid aguj aisyalaM nad arupagniS nagned gnagad

U aretamuS id nawaleB nahubaleP iagabes atrakaJ id koirP gnujunaT nad arat eerf

,enoz gnidart .sabeb nahubalep idajnem gnabaS akubmem aguj nad kajes aneraK

utnet hadus anipillihP nad aisenodnI akam ,aynnanigniek nawalid asarem lawa

.aisyalaM aynrihal iukagnem kutnu nikgnum kadit

at adaP haubes nakratnolem onrakeoS nediserP rebmetpeS 52 laggn

pukuc halet aisenodnI taykaR .aisyalaM padahret isatnorfnok nakajibek

arac iuhategnem - araces iasaugnem kutnu uti emsilatipak/emsilainolok arac

asgnab napudihek sitametsis - a akaM .akirfA aisA id asgnab nauhategnep rasad sat

sibah sikignem nad naklaggnem kutnu sarek ahasureb aisenodnI haluti - nasibah

rusnu - kutnebreb gnarakes utkaw adap gnay araggneT aisA id milokeN rusnu

.aisyalaM isaredeF 52 uti utkaw adap gnay aisyalaM gnatnenem onrakeoS nediserP

o etkidid urab kutneb utas halas nakapurem uti onrakeoS igab anerak ,sirggnI hel

hanrep gnay emsilainolok asis aynsupahret aynigab nad emsilainolok irad

kutnu gnitnep tagnas gnay naujut nakapurem ini araggneT aisA id asaukreb

rggnI uti utkaw adap ipaT .nakgnaujrepid gnagemep iagabes aynisisop alebmem si

42 irahoJ tamA niaoM , odnilihpaM amsilanoisaN harajeS uyaleM nasutU nakatecreP takiraS :rupmuL alauK , ,dahreB ,7691 .iix .mlh

52 ,noitusaN .H .A saguT naliggnaP ihunemeM ,gnugA gnunuG TP ,atrakaJ , ,7891 .6 .mlh


23

nialeS .nup apais helo tagug uggnagid helob kadit gnay lamrof nataluadek

iatrap irad artnok aguj ada aisenodnI hatniremep - kalonem gnay kitilop iatrap

.aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep

it nikames gnay nagnubuh nagnabmekreP nakbabeynem kiabmem kad

ayniridnes nagneD .kisif isatnorfnok idajnem naktakgnitid tubesret isatnorfnok

tnemergA alinaM aynnakanaskalid kadit tabika tubesret isatnorfnok aynhacep

.alup raggnalid aynrihka ipatet amasreb iujutesid hadus gnay 62 tnemergA alinaM

)anipillihP nad ,aisenodnI ,aisyalaM( aragen agitek irad naijnajrep nakapurem

kitilop tukgnaynem padahret aisenodnI isatnorfnok alinaM malaD .aisyalaM

naktabilem gnay aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep tarays nakkusamid tnemergA

halada aynaratna aratU atnamilaK malad nakatrestukiid BBP yevrus nadab

naparah nautnenep - nigni akerem hakapa aratU natnamilaK taykar naparah

tnemergA alinaM numaN .kadit uata iasyalaM isaredeF nagned gnubagreb

belret uti taas adap gnay aisyalaM helo nakanaskalid aynhunepes kadit tubesret hi

rebmetpeS 61 adap aisyalaM isaredeF aragen nairidnep nakmumugnem uluhad

.aratU natnamilaK taykar mudnerefer lisah nakmumugnem BBP mulebes 3691

adap ,aisyalaM nad aisenodnI aratna idajret gnay nagnagetek hagnet iD

erP nad onrakeoS nediserP 3691 ieM nalub anihpiliF irad lagapacaM nedis

kutnu nasagag naklisahgnem gnay alinaM id naumetrep nakanaskalem

alapek naumetrep nakadagnem - nalub adap tubesret nasagaG .nahatniremep alapek

ludbA ukgneT MP nad onrakeoS nediserP nakumetrepmem nup 3691 ieM

ed oykoT id namhaR naadebrep nakiaseleynem kutnu awhab natakapesek nagn -

62 .K .A ,otnayrahiW tic .po .15 .mlh ,.


33

nakadagnem kutnu takapes akereM .aynaudek aratna lanoisan naadebrep

,ini sketnok adaP .nahamathamarek tagnames nagned natabahasrep naijnajrep

em ini aragen audek awhab nakataynem anipillihP nad aisenodnI kiab tubmayn

id ada gnay taykar irad nagnukud ada surah patet numan aisyaaM nakutnebmep

aratU natnamilaK ayngnubagreb nasutupek aggnihes iridnes uti aratU natnamilaK

kadit raga aratU natnamilaK taykar inarun itah irad lasareb tapad aisyalaM nagned

tneb ada lah malad uti nialeS .aratU natnamilaK taykar adapek naaskamep ku

utiay kahimem apnat larten aynisisop gnay kahip helo nakitsapid surah tubesret

.BBP nejkes

kawareS ,arupagniS ,MTP likaw akam ,nakanaskalid uti tisibelp mulebeS

hka naujut iapacnem habaS nad nakutnebmep nataraysrep ianegnem nodnoL id ri

.3691 sutsugA 13 laggnat itakapesid aynnahasegnep gnay ,aisyalaM 72

halet aisyalaM gnidunem nad haram aisenodnI kahip akam uti lah ipaggnaneM

isibelp nakaraggnelesid mulebes anerak aynmulebes naijnajrep raggnalem helo t

sirggnI nad aisyalaM ,aratU natnamilaK taykar nanigniek nakitsamem kutnu BBP

.tubesret haread id taykar kadnehek uata nanigniek iuluhadnem halet

S ,ada gnay isidnok alages nagned sanamem nikames nagnagetek halete

em rawanem rawat ilabmek idajret akam nakanaskalid kadneh gnay tisibelp ianegn

nasutupek haubes ilabmek nasageneP .aratU natnamilaK id iretnem takgnit helo

id ilabmek nkay nakrapap id surah tisibelp naanaskalep i kahip kelo nakiskas

likawem gnay uata BBP nejkes halada uti taas adap gnay nedepedni lisaH .ayni

kutnu naujut nagned tnemeergA alinaM nagned lanekid uti naujutesrep irad

72 dibI ., 84 .mlh


43

alinaM .iamad nagned aisyalaM halasam padahret naiaseleynep irebmem

raggnol isasinagro utaus nakutnebmep sata nalusu gnatnet nakisireb tnemeergA

gnay aragen agitek aratna taykar awhab aguj itakapesid nad odnilihpaM tubesid

akerem halnakraib ,aisyalaM nagned gnubagreb ikadnehgnem aratU natnamilaK

nagned iauses itakapesid halet gnay hakgnal nagned iauses naklasa ,gnubagreb

.iggnit takgnit nasutupek

naanaskalep isawagnem kutnU atnimem namhaR ludbA ukgneT ,tisibelp

sagutep nakmirignem aidesreb raga tnahT U ,BBP nejkeS adapek - .aynsagutep

,sagutep hulupes nakmirignem IR ,uti tisilbep gnusgnal tahilem kutnu nakgnadeS

paggnagnem IR .ajas uajninep gnaro 4 irebmem aynah sirggnI ipatet nasatabmep

nagnagetek aggnihes ,tisibelp naanaskalep narujujkaditek adnat iagabes tubesret

.takgninem 82

halet onrakeoS nediserP helo paggnaid tubesret nakanaskalid gnay tisibelP

BBP nasutu ,tubesret araus natugnup malad babes ,nagnarucek imalagnem

omlehciM ajas aratU natnamilaK id taykar irad alapek naigabes liggnamem aynah

31 laggnat adap numaN .aisyalaM itna uata orp ianegnem iaynatid kutnu

taykar satiroyam nanigniek awhab nakropalem patet BBP nejkeS 3691 rebmetpeS

gnubagreb ujutes halet aratU natnamilaK gnay haluti laH .aisyalaM isaredeF adap

nakutnebmep padahret aisenodnI ilabmek nakalonep nakbabeynem naidumek

akitek kacnumem aisenodnI hatniremep naharamek naidumeK .aisyalaM isaredeF

adap aisyalaM isaredeF aynrihal nakisamalkorpmem namhaR ludbA ukgneT

82 dibI ., 05 .mlh


53

at isatnorfnok naanaskajibik adap gnujureb gnay 3691 rebmetpeS 61 laggn

.onrakeoS nediserP helo aisyalaM padahret

nagnubuh naksutumem nakataynem aisyalaM ,3691 rebmetpeS 71 adaP

assam ,3691 rebmetpeS 81 adap naidumeK .aisenodnI nagned kitamolpid gnay

naatudek rotnak padahret nagnareynep nakukalem gnaro 000.5 ratikes halmujreb

rupmuL alauK id assam rebmetpeS 91 ,nasalab iagabeS .atrakaJ id sirggnI

rebmetpeS 02 ,ayntukireb iraH .aisenodnI raseb naatudek rotnak gnareynem

aJ awhab nakmumugnem atrakaJ naahasurep aumes hila libmagnem naka atrak

naksutumem aguj aisenodnI naidumek iraheS .aisenodnI id ada gnay sirggnI

.aisyalaM nagned gnagad nagnubuh 92

haletes akumegnem nikames isatnorfnok imonoke isnemiD

isarepO iggnitreT odnamoK raseB amilgnaP/IRBA iggnitreT amilgnaP/nediserP

laggnat adap 3691 nuhaT EOTOK/1 .oN hatnirep tarus nakraulegnem imonokE

ksutumem kutnu hatnirep isireb aynitni gnay rebmetpeS 12 nagnubuh aumes na

ulal - haread nagned naimonokerep satnil - ”aisyalaM“ irid nakamanem gnay haread

naualupeK id ”isasiraloded“ nakanaskalem nad ayalaM nad arupagniS amaturet

irad raulek gnay nataigek alages ,uti hatnirep tarus iynub turuneM .uaiR

mep nasutupek gnusgnal gnay isarepO nautaseK utaus helo inagnatid hatnire

iggnitreT odnamoK raseB amilgnaP ukales nediserP odnamoK hawab id adareb

kadnit iagabeS .EOTOK natakgnis agned lanekid hibel gnay imonokE isarepO

anaskajibek tujnal ib id isatnorfnok na imonoke gnad halet aisenodnI hatniremep

92 lurihaZ .hoM ,milA ?igaL hupmA kadit apagneM !aisyalaM gnaynaG ,odniserP ajawsA :atrakaygoY ,

,3102 06 .mlh - .16


63

iagabes koirP gnujnaT nad ,rasakaM ,nawaleB nakpatenem ”enoz edart eerf“ nad

iagabes gnabaS nahubalep .”trop eerf“ 03

kutnu anipillihP ignujnugnem onrakeoS nediserP 4691 iraunaJ naluB

adahgnem kutnu igetarts iagabreb nakanacnerem ahasu malad aisyalaM ip

tagnas aguj aisenodnI hatniremeP .aynemsilainolok itna pisnirp naksurenem

aragen igab nasabebek gnukudnem - helo hajajret paggnaid hisam gnay aragen

natnamilaK nautaseK arageN igab naakedremek gnukudnem atres emsilainolok

t gnay aratU ,irahazA .M.A nipmipid gnay ienurB nad kawareS ,habaS sata iridre

paggnaid gnay aisyalaM nagned gnubagreb apnat )ienurB taykaR iatraP autek(

.sirggnI akenob aragen iagabes

akam tubesret isatnorfnok naktujnalem nad nakrabognem ayapu malaD

munom otadip malad taket natalubek naksagenem airtask araces onraK gnuB latne

nakrihalem naidumek gnay halini otadiP .aisyalaM gnaynaggnem naka aisenodnI

suret naidumek uti isatorfnoK .aisyalaM adapek aisenodnI retilim isatnorfnok

napacugnep adap gnujureb aggnihes gnabmekreb uata taykaR odnamoK iwD

oS nediserP helo 4691 ieM 3 laggnat adap arokiwD nagned lanekid e .onrak

03 nimkuM ,tayadiH .tic .po .79 .mlh ,


73

III BAB

NAANASKALEP SESORP )AROKIWD( TAYKAR ODNAMOK IWD

NAD NAINARABEK ,NASAGETEK ATAYN ITKUB IAGABES

AMAL EDRO ASAM ADAP AISENODNI ASGNAB EMSILANOISAN

nagnidnurep iulalem aisyalaM halasam nakiaseleynem kutnu raithkI

adap akam ,utnub nalaj imalagnem onrakeoS nediserP 4691 ieM 3 laggnat

.aisyalaM nagnaynaggneP odnamoK nakpacugnem 1 amilgnaP/nediserP

uata taykaR odnamoK iwD nakmumugnem isuloveR raseB nipmimeP/iggnitreT

iynuB .aynhurules taykar nad nawalerakus atuj 12 adapek nakujutid gnay arokiwD

pakgnel :tukireb iagabes halada arokiwD

akgnar malad iggnitreT amilgnaP/isuloveR raseB nipmimeP/nediserP imaK“oen keyorp nawalem isatnorfnok nagnaujrep - atayn gnay aisyalaM silainolok

kutnu raithkireb ilakgnalureb haletes ,aisenodnI isulover nakayahabmemsnignem harawaysum araces naiaseleynep iapacnem kutnu aisyalaM kahip nakfa

bawajid nad gnatnetid ini raithki awhab alup atayn nad ,aisA naagraulekek nad isasilibom nagned aynamapmu itrepes ,nahusumrep nad naanihgnep nagned

haR ludbA ukgneT helo nakukalid gnay mumu :nakhatnirepimak akam ,nam nagnaujrep utnab :audek ;aisenodnI isuloveR nanahatek tabehrep :amatreP

taykar renoisulover - kutnu ienurB nad kawareS ,habaS ,arupagniS ,ayalaM taykar.”aisyalaM aragen nakrabubmem nad irid nakakedremem 2

acuid gnay arokiwD otadiP naksagenem tubesret ieM 3 laggnat adap nakp

naka aisenodnI asgab awhab gnatnenem kutnu taket natalubek naksagenem

isatnorfnok nakajibek naktujnalem naka nad aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep

takgnitid hibel naka tubesret isatnorfnok .aisyalaM gnaynaggnem kutnu nak

nagnaujrep utnabmem nad aisenodnI isulover nanahatek tabehrepmem nagned

1 ,noitusaN ,.H .A saguT naliggnaP ihunemeM ,gnugA gnunuG TP ,atrakaJ , ,7891 .96 .mlh 2 ,rawnA nahisoR .H onrakuS - aratneT - araharP mulebes naasaukeK agitigeS :IKP 1691 kitiloP - 5691 ,

,aisenodnI robO nasayaY ,atrakaJ ,6002 503 .mlh .


83

aguj gnay ienurB nad kawareS ,habaS ,arupagniS ,ayalaM taykar renoisulover

.aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep gnatnenem

.A IRBA agaiS odnamoK nasaguneP nad nakutnebmeP

.1 odnamoK nakutnebmeP arokiwD agaiS

ipadahgnem kutnu agaiS odnamoK kutnebid 4691 ieM 61 laggnat adaP

iagabes aynsagut naksumurem ITOK .retilim gnadib id aisyalaM nad sirggnI

:tukireb

.a nad nakgnabmuynem ,arokiwD naanaskalep akgnar malaDisarepo aynutkaw adap nakaraggneleynem - epo malad retilim isar

utnabmem nad aisenodnI hayaliw naknahatrepmem nagnaujreptaykar nagnaujrep - nad ienurB ,kawareS ,arupagniS ,ayalaM taykar

.aisyalaM nakrabubmem malad habaS .b nupuam atajnesreb nakusap alages kiab nakanugrepmem nad nipmimeM

irab macam alages arokirT sakeb nawalerakus kiab ,nawalerakus nasnemetraped nawalerakus nupuam - kutnebid nad ada gnay nemetraped

d uti utkaw rusnu atres arokiwD akgnar mala - nawalrep rusnu taykar nanial atres - rusnu nial nagnukgnil malad adareb gnay lanoisan isnetop

.sata id tubesret kokop sagut anug ,aynnaasaukek 3

,aisyalaM isaredeF padahret isatnorfnok naanaskajibek nakpatenem malaD

natakgnA .tilus tagnas gnay isisop malad irid naktapmenem aisenodnI

urab aynatajnesreb kutnu tareb gnay sagut nakanaskalem iaseles ajas

ukuc utkaw nakirebid apnaT .adnaleB nagnat irad taraB nairI naksabebmem p

,irid nakisadilosnokgnem kutnu gnay urab sagut adap nakpadahid hadus IRBA

isatnorfnok naanaskajibeK .isatnorfnok inkay ,nagnir kadit naksafanesid asaret

gnuB helo nakataynid anamiagabes ,taraB nairI tuberem naanaskajibek nagned

:tukireb iagabes halada nial aratna gnay ,5691 sutsugA 71 otadip malad onraK

apnat arokirT nakanaskalem atiK“ espalloc gnalig nupajnlisah nad hutnur apnat ,

3 .H .A ,noitusaN tic .po . .96 .mlh ,


93

limeg apnat arokiwD nakanaskalem atiK .gna espalloc nagned ,hutnur apnat ,

rubel rujtnah %05 adapirad hibel hadus ”aisyalaM“ gnarakes ..…aynlisah

”!ilakes amas nakatnareb 4

onrakeoS nediserP ,tubesret otadip malaD nakrabognem nigni salej araces

p padahret tagnames nalisahrebek aynkayal itrepes arokiwD nakajibek naanaskale

.taraB nairI nasabebmep taas adap arokirT nakanaskalem aisenodnI asgnab

ahasureb nad gnaujreb upmam surah aisenodnI asgnab alup uti itrepeS

nakutnebmep gnatnenem malad arokiwD nakajibek naktujnalem isaredeF

.aisyalaM

.2 arokiwD agaiS odnamoK nasaguneP

naksagutid kadneh gnay retilim isnemid ,agaiS odnamoK nasagunep malaD

gnatam nagnutihrep aparebeb itawelem halet retilim isarepo nakukalem kutnu

bmagnem hanrep kadit retilim isnemid halada aynutas halas IRBA .raseb alaks li

tinu malad rupmetreb kadit - aisenodnI nasatabrep id kiab raseb tinu - natnamilaK

nakrasadid tagnas tubesret laH .arupagniS nad ayalaM ratikes id nupuam ,aratU

nagnabmitrep utiay ,gnitnep tagnas asarid gnay nagnabmitrep aparebeb adap

tilop .aisenodnI irad sitkarp nad sigetarts ,si

IRBA aynranebes taraB nairI ilabmek tuberem nagnaujrep haleteS

hadus anerak nakukalid tapmes kadit ini laH .isadilosnok asam nakulremem

napadahreb igal kadit IRBA iniK .isatnorfnok naanaskajibek nagned rajekret

ned alibapA .sirggnI inkay ,raseb hibel gnay nataukek nagned ipatet ,adnaleB nag

4 tayadiH nimkuM , iregeN rauL kitiloP malaD INT uP :atrakaJ , ,naparaH raniS akats ,1991 .29 .mlh


04

elo utnabid tapad sirggnI ,naktabilid SUZNA nad uraB aidnaleS ,ailartsuA h

b .takireS akiremA helo aguj nakha

,ayaJ nairI naksabebmem kutnu adnaleB padahret isatnorfnok utkawes akiJ

nagned isatnorfnok malad akam ,teivoS inU irad nautnab tapadnem aisenodnI

nasala nagned aisenodnI utnabnem CRR .CRR gnukudid aisenodnI ini aisyalaM

CRR uti anerak ,araggneT aisA id sinumok itna mizer nugnabmem sirggnI awhab

nakareg utnabmem - m gnay nakareg .aisyalaM nakutnebmep nawale 5 aynkapmaD

aynah babes tipmes idajnem lanoisanretni murof id aisenodnI kareg gnaur

aragen ek namodepreb - sinumok aragen nasekret aisenodnI taubmem uti lah nad

.rumiT kolB kahip id ada

INT ,naikimed gnay isautis ipadahgnem malaD ialum taraD natakgnA

retilim itra malad anerak ,hatniremep padahret ujutes gnaruk pakis nakkujnunem

imonoke itra malad nad raseb tagnas gnay nataukek ipadahgnem naka aisenodnI

.nagnauek nad imonoke naupmamek sarukret naka aisenodnI 6

iges irad tahilid akiJ adapirad licek hibel aisenodnI IRBA nataukek ,retilim

IRBA naikimed nupualaW .aynnaatajnesrep ianegnem amaturet husum nataukek

hibel gnay husum ipadahgnem malaD .arokiwD nakajibek padahret layol patet

,gnajnap akgnaj gnarep napaisrep nakulrepid akam tauk arac nagned

araces retilim naupmamek nad kitamolpid naupmamek nakisalupinamem

INT amaturet IRBA .gnabmies - ,isatnorfnok akgnar malad raga parahreb DA

kutnu ,aynisamolpid naupmamek uluhad nakisasilamiskamem tapad hatniremep

5 K .A otnayrahiW . , )tatkiD( agnabmekreP nad ienurB aisyalaM n harajeS nakididneP idorP :atrakaygoY ,

inU )PIKF( ,amrahD atanaS satisrev ,3002 .15 .mlh 6 ,idahoyteS kuT ,asaM ek asaM irad aisenodnI asgnaB nanalajreP harajeS ILAWAJAR .VC :atrakaJ

,NOITAROPROC ,2002 .131 .mlh


14

najnap hibel gnay utkaw nakirebmem atajnes nautnab iracnem malad IRBA igab g

atajneS .natalarep nad - lapak itrepes teivoS inU irad gnatad naidumek atajnes

lapak itna tawasep ,GIM rupmet tawasep ,gnarep nad males obrut retpocileh

porp .7

malad agaiS amilgnaP naknalajnem id aynsagut utnab 2 helo likaw gnaro

halai fatS alapeK .idayluM anamaskaL atres otraheoS lardneJ royaM inkay

autasek ihawabmem agaiS amilgnaP ,anemittaW )U( lakesraM n iagabes odnamok

,ibihpmA odnamoK ,sigetartS odnamoK ,aradU nanahatreP odnamoK :tukireb

amoK ,aradU satniL odnamoK gnisaM .kitsigoL odnamoK nad sitkaT odn - gnisam

helo nakitnehrebid nad takgnaid gnay amilgnap gnaroes helo nipmipid odnamok

nawalerakuS edagirB halkutnebid 4691 ieM 61 laggnat adaP .ITOK fatS alapeK

irebid gnay aman rupmeT nautnaB nawalerakuS edagirB awkuS( nagned )rupnabn

ieM 02 laggnat adap aynnaimserep ,rathcoM niribaS lenoloK aynnadnamok

.4691 8 hawab id adareb agaiS odnamoK amilgnaP irloP ,UA ,LA ,DA nenopmok

nial nad - amilgnaP nad amilgnap gnaroes helo nipmipid nenopmok paiT .nial

tas nusuynem tapad agaiS sagut nau ksat( - )ecrof anug nahutubek turunem

nakutnebmeP .isarepo naanaskalep ksat - ecrof rusnu irad libmaid tubesret - id rusnu

utauses pukgnil gnaur tagnignem atres nahutubek nagned iauses nususid nad sata

.utnetret isarepo

7 tayadiH nimkuM , ,.tic .po .99 .mlh 8 H .A . ,noitusaN tic .po . .96 .mlh ,


24

.B napaisreP nawalerakuS aganeT )amiL ek natakgnA(

.1 nawalerakuS aganeT nakutnebmeP nasagaG

P aisenodnI napaisre aisyalaM padahret isatnorfnok nakdujuwem kutnu

aguj aisenodnI ,)IRBA( agaiS odnamoK nasagunep nad nakutnebmep irad tahilret

utiay nial retilim nautnab aparebeb nakapaiynem nawalerakus arap irad nautnab

utkaw adap aisenodnI taykar irad nagnabmus iagabes onrakeoS nakatakid gnay

aganet ,milokeN keyorp nagnaynaggnep naklamiskamem ayapu malaD .uti

retilim arap utnabmem tapad paggnaid anerak nakulrepid tagnas ini nawalerakus

,IRBA ajas urab uti utkaw gnay IRBA isidnok nad isisop tahilem anerak

lainolok naasaugnep irad taraB nairI naksabebmem kutnu aynsagut nakiaseleynem

.adnaleB nataknA natubes nagned lanekid uti utkaw adap ini nawalerakus aganeT

.amil ek

d akiJ nagned nakgnidnabi ,imonoke nad kitilop gnadib id isatnorfnok

kadiT .satabret hibel gnay alaks libmagnem retilim gnadib id isatnorfnok

raseb araces retilim nautasek isakolsid nakukalid - .nasatabrep gnajnapes id naraseb

nakusap natapmenep aynah ada gnaY - araces raluger nakusap nakhaB .satabret

halai aisyalaM milokeN keyorp nagnaynaggnep iska malad fitka kapman gnay

taykaR odnamoK iwD naksutecid taas adap gnay ,nawalerakus arap laggnat adap

nawalerakus halmuJ .gnaro 000.000.12 iapacnem hadus aynhalmuj 4691 ieM 3

ay halini rasebes upuam IKP helo kiab naknigniid gn n gnupmatid kutnu CRR

INT helo kalotid alumes kajes gnay ,amileK natakgna malad - .DA 9 nawalerakuS

isasilibom nakadnit padahret nabawaj iagabes nediserP odnamoK haletes kutnebid

9 ,nimkuM tayadiH ,.tic .po .58 .mlh


34

ap nakataynem idamhcA iretneM .aisyalaM id mumu naka uti nawalerakus ar

.nakatakid kadit ,kaynab apareB .retilim nahital irebid 01 nakutnebmep nasagaG

ek natakgnA - gnalaggnem kutnu IKP igetarts nakapurem aynranebes tubesret 5

.retilim araces nataukek 11 aganet ianegnem IKP irad nanigniek ipakiynem malaD

akus INT ,ini nawaler - kitilop aynada iagirucnem nakhab iadapsawem ulales DA

.ini nawalerakus aganet tiakret IKP irad nial

.2 .nawalerakuS aganeT nakutnebmeP artnoK nad orP

onrakeoS nediserP akiteK aganet nakutnebmep nasagag nakakumegnem

tubesret nawalerakus , itahreb tagnas gnamem onrakeoS nediserP - kadit raga itah

INT aratna urab kilfnok idajret - aisenodnI isatnorfnok hagnet id IKP nagned DA

nakajibek nakrucnahnem naka akam idajret uti lah alib anerak aisyalaM nagned

sagag nakrawanem onraK gnuB amatreP .arokiwD uti laH .IRBA adapek uti na

nad IRBA tabajep arap naped id hailuk nakirebmem onraK gnuB taas adap tahilret

gnatnet nakametreb tubesret hailuK .5691 ieM 13 laggnat adap sannahmeL

,arageN anatsI id uti hailuk nakirebmem onraK gnuB uti utkaw adaP .kitilopoeG

:halada nakiapmas ai gnay apa irad itukid tapad gnay aparebeB .atrakaJ

teH .ajas adapek iaL nE uohC helo nakrujdnaid gnaj apa 2araduas nakuhaT“ apareb atajdnesreB natakgnA iaynupmem uti aisenodnI ,onraK gnuB .ednegloV

whab nakutnet uka haduS .tapmA ?majtam atuaggna agujd naisilopeK natakgnA a amas hadner amas ,nial gnaj 2natakgnA nagned farates gnaj atdajnesreb natakgnA natakgnA .ajas adapek ajnatreb uti asraW asraD utkaw adap iaL nE uohC .iggnit

uaL ,aradU ,taraD :gnalib ajas ,tapmA ?haub apareb atajdnesreb ualaK .isiloP ,t iaynupmem hadus onraK gnuB naK ?apa ini amil on gnaj huL .amil halnikib asib nawalerakus atujd 12 halnakidajD .tajkar irad nagnabmuS .nawalerakus atujd 12 helob ,hatnE .atajdnesreB natakgnA .iridnes natakgnA irad kokop itni ini

d nakamanid ,tajkaR nanahatreP natakgnA uata ,nawalerakuS natakgnA nakamani gnaj ini haN .isiloP ,aradU ,tuaL ,taraD :amil halnikib ajnkiabes ipateT .haresret

01 ,rawnA nahisoR .H ic.po t ,. .692 .mlh 11 nauridoT ,odyD IKP/S03G haduseS nad mulebeS .aratneT kitiloP nakaregreP , kaJ nedloG .TP :atra

,9891 ,sserP noyareT 47 .mlh .


44

on rom ,tajkaR natakgnA ,nawalerakuS natakgnA nakamanid hatne utnet ini amiled nagned ajnaH .nup apa natakgnA ,atajdnesreB natakgnA 2luteb akam naikim

nanahatreP natakgnA idajdnem asib 2lutebuti aisenodnI nanahatreP natakagnA ,iretnem 2amilgnaP ajnup atik haY .revo ti kniht ot uoy ot ti evig I .tajkaR

.revo ti kniht ot uoy ot ti evig I .natakgnA 2amilgnaP 21

pesnoK ek natakgnA nakutnebmep - pukuc aynapur ,tidiA .N.D helo 5

,tenibak gnadis ilak aparebeb malaD .onrakeoS nediserP naitahrep kiranem

tapadnem numaN .onrakeoS nediserP helo iridnes nakratnolid uti nasagag

INT irad sarek nagnatnat - naY damhcA lardneJ nanteL .DA gnatnenem tagnas i

ek natakgnA nakutnebmep nasagag - irad sarek nad saget pakis tahileM .tubesret 5

INT nagnalak - assam nataukek nakgnutihrepmem ialum onrakeoS ,tubesret DA

irad suires gnay nagnakgnabmep idajret alibapa gnabmieynep iagabes IKP

INT nagnalak - DA ialum aguj onrakeoS uti nialeS .aynkitilop sirag padahret

nataukek nagnidnat idajnem asib gnay aynnial natakgnA nanikgnumek tahilem

INT kitilop isnevretni padahret retilim - utiay ayngnatnenem inareb ialum gnay DA

OKK nad IRUA nakawemitsignem nalaj nagned -A nakusap iagabes L

.nediserP naanaskajibek sirag itukignem aites kapman gnay ayngnukudnep 31

iridnesret kimelop naklucnumem halet aynranebes ini nawalerakus aganeT

nediserP nad ,IKP ,)DA( IRBA irad lucnum artnok nad orP .iregen maladid

lop naniamreP .onrakeoS edi aynlucnum ignakalebratalem agudid IKP kiti

id nial duskam ada inikayem taraD natakgnA .nawalerakus aganet nakutnebmep

IKP .)amiL ek natakgnA( nawalerakus aganet nakutnebmep nalasu kilab

gnay ahasu utaus iagabes ini amiL natakgnA nakutnebmep naklusugnem surah

padahret isatnorfnok naanaskalep nakracnalem utnabmem kutnu nakukalid

21 ,nimkuM tayadiH c .po ti . 89 .mlh , . 31 nauridoT odyD , c .po ,.ti .57 .mlh


54

laM a irad fitisop napaggnat tapadnem nup ini laH .)aisyalaM gnaynaG( aisy

kutnu raseb nemtimok iaynupmem uti taas adap gnay onrakeoS nediserP

naynagnem g d kitilop isautiS .aisyalaM halet gnamem uti taas iregen mala

gnisam nagnitnepek atres naujut ,duskam adap ini asgnab awabmem - ,DA( gnisam

.onrakeoS nediserP nad ,IKP

.C iD retiliM isarepO nad naharegneP nasatabreP hareaD

,aynisatnorfnok kitilop lamiskam araces nakdujuwem ahasu malaD

dnI arap nakharegnem inareb nad ,saget gnay nanikayek hunep nagned aiseno

alem malad aynsagut nakanaskalem kutnu nasatabrep haread ek aynnakusap nakuk

nayobmeS .retilim isarepo G“ onrakeoS helo nakpacuid gnay ”aisyalaM gnayna

raneb - nagned nakisasilaerid raneb atres IRBA nad onrakeoS helo atayn

.ini retilim isarepo malad gnitnep narep gnagemem aisenodnI nawalerakus

.1 IRBA

utiay ,atajnesreb natakgna agit irad iridret )INT( aisenodnI lanoisaN aratneT

taraD natakgnA INT , tuaL natakgnA INT nad , aradU natakgnA INT INT .

gnaroes helo nipmipid INT amilgnaP gnisam nakgnades , - natakgna gnisam

gnaP .natakgnA fatS alapeK gnaroes helo nipmipid halada ini taas INT amil

laredneJ INT okodleoM . P asam ada nipmipreT isarkomeD asam aggnih edrO

uraB nagned nakgnubagid hanrep INT , IRLOP nagned tubesid ini nagnubaggneP .

IRBA .)aisenodnI kilbupeR atajnesreB natakgnA( 41

41 aisenodnI_lanoisaN_aratneT/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.di//:ptth .4101 iraurbeF 7 laggnat hudnuid .


64

.1.1 IRBA retiliM isarepO pesnoK napaisreP

hasu malaD aladnaM odnamoK halkutnebid akam ,arokiwD nakanaskalem a

id agaiS anamaskaL IRUA amilgnaP nanipmip hawab id AGALOK takgnis

nautas nakmirignem AGALOK ,aynisarepo nakareg malaD .inahD ramO aydaM -

kopmolek kutnebmem ahasureb nad nasatabrep ek IRBA nautas - aylireg kopmolek

irggnI kahiP .natnamilaK id sirggnI nahajaj hayaliw id nagned iskaereb s

fitka tuki uraB aidnaleS nad ailartsuA kajagnem nad aynnanahatrep taukrepmem

nanahatrep naujutesrep aynkutnebret lisah nagned ,aisenodnI ipadahgnem malad

gnay arupagniS nad aisyalaM ,uraB aidnaleS ,ailartsuA ,sirggnI utiay aragen amil

kid “ irad natakgnis ADPF iagabes lane tnemegnarrA ecnefeD rewoP eviF .” 51

kutnebid naupmamek alages isasilibom kutnU anaskaleP asaugneP

hareaD arokiwD itgnaP/nediserP nasutupeK nagned )adarlepeP(

itrareb ,4691 rebmetpeS 41 laggnat 4691/ITOK/25 .oN EOTOK/ITOK/IRBA

isarepo nakadaid ialum aguj 4691 nuhat adaP .gnarep tarurad naasaukek utaus -

natertomep nad naiatnignep itrepes nawal haread id UA helo isarepo id aradu

kecegnem duskam nagned aradu ilortap ,rumiT nad taraB aisyalaM emit noitcaer

nakusaP helo nanujrenep isarepo naidumek ;notlesseJ nad arupagniS id nawal

.rupmuL alauK rilih ek atres hopI nad sipaL haread id IRUA )TGP( tapeC kareG 61

RBA uti taas adaP nawalem kutnu isarepo pesnok nakpaisrepmem halet I

halet IRBA .aynnakusap naknujrenem ayntujnales gnay sirggnI alibapa sirggnI

utiay ayalaM gnujnanemes id narasas nagned nasalab nagnares nakukalem paisreb

aP .atok accalaM nad ,mahnettewS troP ,rupmuL alauK id halet gnay nalakgn

51 idahoyteS kuT , ,.tic .po .031 .mlh 61 .H .A ,noitusaN tic .po . 37 .mlh , - .47


74

arupagniS .aradu nagnares gnupmanem kutnu nadeM id nalakgnaP halada nakpais

nad dleifriA hagneT ,atok arupagniS utiay nagnares narasas idajnem aguj

abunaP ualuP nad numiraK ialaB gnujnaT tual nalakgnaP .arupagniS nahubalep

manem kutnu aradu nagnares upmanem kutnu nakgnades tual nagnareynep gnup

id narasas naidumeK .gnabmutuluB UA nemesated halada arupagniS ek

nad atok gnihcuK ,dleifriA notlesseJ ,dleifriA nahubaL halada aratU natnamilaK

ed halada nakanugid gnay nalakgnaP .dleifriA oawaT ,kanaitnoP UA nemesat

iduyhawsI UA nalakgnaP ,naroyameK UA nemesated ,gnabmutuluB nemesated

aisyalaM tual narasas ipadahnem kutnu naidumeK .uraW aradu nalakgnap atres

nad atrakaJ id naktasupid gnay agaiS adamrA nakusap nakharekid naka akam

.ayabaruS

.2.1 utneB IRBA nanawalreP k

lapak awabmem sirggnI isadimitni araces 4691 sutsugA 72 laggnat adaP

ujunem nanalajrep malad ruatneC SMH kasurep lapak nad suoirotciV SMH kudni

hibelret aisenodnI kahip uhat irebmem apnat adnuS taleS itawelem ailartsuA

ap naidumeK .uluhad hsidnevaC SMH kasurep lapak 4691 sutsugA 82 laggnat ad

aisenodnI gnicnamem hibel sirggnI uti taas adap agudiD .igal lusuynem sirggnI

naidumek aisenodnI .idajret kadit uti numan ,akubret gnarep nakukalem kutnu

rupagniS irad uti lapak aynilabmek sesorp malad kutnu naknijignem kadit a

tapmet iagabes nakanugrepid naka awhab nasala nagned adnuS taleS itawelem

.tuaL natakgnA nahital

nakamanid gnay nasalab isarepo nakadagnem agais odnamok askapreT

keted( naumenep nakadagnem kutnu naujut nagned ,”ukadaD inI“ isarepo )is


84

lapak - hara iuhategnem kutnu aynmulebes sirggnI lapak )etuor( aynnanalajrep

nakadagnem atres ecrof fo wohs . 71 tawasep tolip irad naktapadid amatrep naropaL

lapak tahilem gnay aduraG - naropaL .taraB naigab awaJ tuaL id sirggnI lapak ini

d gnupmatid areges nanahatrep naagaisek nakecegnep nakapurem ini sugilakes na

nautas nagnubuh metsiS .aradu nad tual - muleb ataynret aradu nanahatrep nautas

.isakinumok metsis malad halasam kaynab ulalret hisaM .iadamem

nakaregrep nialeS - lim isarepo naagaisek malad nakaregrep gnay reti

nawalerakus aylireg nagned gnubagreb kutnu naknurutid aguj IRBA ,naikimed

pukuc gnay gnarep kinket ikilimem gnaruk nawalerakus aylireg tagnignem anerak

IRBA akam ,retilim haubes malad gnarep kinket iasaugnem IRBA nakgnades

b kutnu ulrep gnadnapid sib kutnu gnubagre a nakusap rinidrokgnem utnabmem

.gnarep katnok idajret taas adap

.2 nawalerakuS aganeT

edagirB kutnebmem aisenodnI hatniremeP 4691 ieM 02 laggnat adaP

.rathcuM niribaS lenoloK helo nipmip id gnay arokiwD rupmeT nawalerakuS

ini kopmoleK nad aratU natnamilaK nasatabrep ek nawalerakus mirignem

.ayalaM gnujnanemeS 81 id pais halet gnay rupmet edagirB nawalerakus nautaS

amasreb nasatabrep - suret araces nahital nakadagnem IRBA amas - nagned surenem

P .aisenodnI haread nanahatrep nakpaiynem malad LA amasreb nawalerakus ara -

sisab nakpaisrepmem naulrepek kutnu nahital nakadagnem aguj taykar amas - sisab

.nasatabrep haread id aylireg

71 H .A ,noitusaN . tic .po . 37 .mlh , - .47 81 ,inairtiF ivE aisenodnI nagnubuH - malaD aisyalaM tkepsreP aideM nad ,arageN ,ayaduB laisoS fi :atrakaJ ,

ibreneP ,aisenodnI satisrevinU t ,2102 52 .mlh .


94

helo utnabid uti taas natnamilaK nasatabrep haread id nawalerakuS araP

iridret gnay aratU natnamilaK nawalerakus nemesated gnay adumep arap irad

tubesret nawalerakus araP .aisenodnI nasatabrep ratikes id adareb aynharead

nawal kahip ,aynipadahgnem kutnU .utnabmem gnilas kutnu ahasureb

natnamilaK taykar nautnab isatabmem ahasureb nad ”sigetarts ased“ nakadagnem

g padahret aratU sop nakududek nakenem suret libmas ,aylire - .nawaylireg sop

satilibom iaynupmem aggnihes retpocileh tawasep nakanuggnem kaynab akereM

.iggnit gnay 91

nakusap naharegnep isnereferP - nakusap nakub nad nawalerakus nakusap -

uj nasatabrep haread ek raluger nakusap uajnitid akij nagnutnuek iaynupmem ag

nakusap aliB .nial iges irad - aisenodnI nasatabrep ek mirikid raluger nakusap -

halada aratU natnamilaK nagned ajas ayntarad nasatabrep gnay ,aisyalaM

alad gnay ,awaJ id nataukek mukav naklubminem tapad ,lim 008 gnajnapes m

igab amaturet ,lataf tabikareb tapad utnenem muleb abres isidnok isautis

nagnalak aratnemes ,uti gnipmas iD .atrakaJ id tasup hatniremep naadarebek

INT nejiletni nad nanipmip - iagirucnem nakhab nad adapsaw ulales gnay DA

repmem hadus ,IKP kitilop ukalirep audek puk aynlubmit nanikgnumek nakgnutih

.akubret arces nakakumekid hanrep kadit uti nupualaw ,IKP helo

taraB iatnap id aisenodnI nakusap haltaradnem 4691 sutsugA 71 laggnaT

arik ,naitnoP taked akalaM - halmujeS .arupagniS aratU halebes mk 8 arik

awalerakus aragen agraw nad IRLA atoggna irad iridret uti taas adap aisenodnI n

isaredeF nakutnebmep gnatnenem aguj gnay uyaleM nupuam aniC kiab aisyalaM

91 .A .H ,noitusaN tic .po . .96 .mlh ,


05

03 irad iridret gnay kopmolek 3 malad igabid nakusap nataradneP .aisyalaM - 04

ad tubesret kopmolek 3 irad 1 .gnaro akereM .namaladep ek pusuynem tap

rohoJ ,liceK naitnoP aratU halebes lim 02 ,tuneB kirtsid id karaegreb abocnem

malad ek kusam anug naagajnep soborenem ahasureb aguj nakusap araP .uraB

akereM .hagneT ayalaM nataleS naigab id nagnunugep haread id natuh

urem nataradnep nakukalem halet gnay nawaylireg nautas irad aratU payas nakap

ek kusam lisahreb halet gnay nawaylireg araP .naitnoP awar haread id nasuruj 3 id

6 noylatab helo urubid suret uti namaladep .tnemigeR nayalaM layoR 02

kadit nawalerakus arap nafitkaeK isarepo utnabmam tagnas irikgnupid

aratU natnamilaK ek napusuynep nakadagnem akereM .nasatabrep id retilim

natagecnep nakukalem aynah aynalum ini nawalerakus araP .aylireg iagabes

nahalrep ipatet nakA .lortap nakukalem gnades gnay nawal nakusap padahret

em sop ubreynem ialum aker - tala atres husum sop - gnay nawal nagnubuhrep tala

haread halai ini nawalerakus aratnet arap nagnares naujuT .licnepret - gnay haread

haread aggnihes husum igab gnitnep gnaruk paggnaid - iaynupmem tubesret haread

rad licek gnay nanamagnep nawalerakus aratnet arap aggnihes nawal kahip i

nakusap nagned narupmetrep iradnihgnem nad ayniasaugnem kutnu hadum

gnay nawalerakus aratnet 4691 iluJ 01 laggnat adaP .tauk hibel gnay husum

taB nad olikikaS gnopmak aratna id rupmetreb UKNT nagned gnubagreb ragu

nawalerakuS aratneT .ahkruG nad sirggnI lortap aratnet notelep 2 nawalem

awabmem nad nawal aratnet gnaro 02 ratikes hunubmem nad gnanem lisahreb

.nawal atajnes kucup aparebeb

02 dibI . 27 .mlh , .


15

irad sitilop itra iaynupmem hibel gnamem nawalerakus aganet naharegneP

adap rasad sata takaraysam irad gnusgnal araces nupmihid akerem anerak ,retilim

kutnu sitilop itra iaynupmem aguj nawalerakus naharegneP .naalerakusek

agabmelgabmel helo gnatnetid aynah kadit aisyalaM keyorp awhab nakitkubmem

kusamret hatniremep itrepes lamrof IRBA - .taykar helo aguj ipatet ,ayn 12

malad kiab gnadnapid gnamem ini nawalerakus aganet irad satilayoL

utnabmem malad nawalerakus aganet naadarebeK .aynsagut nakanaskalem

nasatabrep id aisyalaM padahret isatnorfnok - itnehreb kadit gnamem nasatabrep

ap iapmas .uraB edrO aynrihal acsap gnarabubmep nad nakiranep ad

.D nalajreB sureT kitiloP isamolpiD

nakutnebmep halasem malad retilim isarepo naanaskalep gnipmas iD

)arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD aynnakmumuid haletes ,aisyalaM isaredeF

ahasu - j isamolpid aynranebes ahasu naklasiM .nalajreb suret nad halet agu

.4691 inuJ 12 laggnat adap oykoT id aragen agit TTK amatrep naumetrep

nad lagapacaM nediserP ,onrakeoS nediserP helo iridahid tubesret naumetreP

otadip malad onrakeoS nediserP ,srep atireb malaD .namhaR ludbA ukgneT

p aynnakatakid halet ilk ubires itrepes awhab nakatagnem gnusgnal aynakubme

aisenodnI helo gnatnetid halet gnarakes itrepes aisyalaM nakutnebmep awhab

uti lah tahileM .alinaM naijnajrep nagned nagnatnetreb aynnakutnebmep anerak

baynem kutnu abocnem lagapacaM .lisahreb kadit numan onrakeoS nakra

nediserP ,uti aragen agit )TTK( iggniT takgniT isnerefnoK malaD anipiliP

( lagapacaM ) aragen isimok haubes nakutnebmep ianegnem nalusu nakirebmem -

12 ,nimkuM tayadiH tic .po . 89 .mlh , .


25

aisA aragen - lusU .atekgnes irihkagnem raulek nalaj iracnem kutnu akirfA

P namhaR ludbA ukgneT .aisenodnI helo amiretid tubesret lagapacaM nediser

numan lagapacaM nediserP irad nalusu amirenem aguj uti taas isisop malad

aisyalaM nagned nahusumrep nakadnit kutneb alages awhab tarays nagned

.nakitnehid

srep adapek nakatagnem ukgneT irad aynnanalajrep malad gnoK gnoH id

kadit onrakeoS nediserP anerak lagag oykoT TTK“ :rupmuL alauK ek oykoT

halai tubesret napakgnu irad duskaM ”.nup apa utauses irebmem aidesreb

nakusap rudnum nakiranep laos isesnok nakirebmem aidesreb kadit aisenodnI

I adapek nakataynem oirdnabuS .rD aratnemeS .aratU natnamilaK irad aisenodn

naumetrep lisah aisenodnI asgnab atik igab“ :oykoT irad atrakaJ id aynabites srep

ijnaj adapek takiret igal kadit inik atik anerak nakgnutnugnem tagnas oykoT - ijnaj

m ianegnem nup apa .aisyalaM padahret nagnaynaggnep nad isatnorfnok halasa

padahret nagnaynaggnep nad isatnorfnok naktujnalem sabeb gnarakes atiK

aisyalaM 22

malad hagnenep iagabes BBP helo naknalajid aguj nial isamolpid ayapU

aisenodnI nahalasamrep nakiaseleynem ahasu - BBP nanamaeK naweD .aisyalaM

aisenodnI padahret aisyalaM nahudut gnupmanem kutnu gnidis nakadagnem

apureb ,noissergga elbasucxeni dna tnatalb es nawaylireg nanujrenep nagnubuh

laM id aisenodnI iS .4691 rebmetpeS 2 laggnataya 9 laggnat gnusgnalreb gnad

4691 rebmetpeS 71 iapmas adis malaD . nasutup tutnunem aisyalaM tubesret gn a

,noissergga fo tca tsevarg eht fo ytliug aisenodnI egduj aisenodnI kutugnem nad

22 ,rawnA nahisoR .H tic .po . 013 .mlh , .


35

naikimed iserga nakukalem igal kadit kutnu aisenodnI nanimaj tutnunem

aragen anacneR .aynsuretes - lajes taredom gnay taraB aragen a duskam nagned n

.naweD helo kalotid ayalaM

.E isatnorfnoK padahreT onrakeoS netsisnoK pakiS

aynnagnaujrep irad uajnitid akiJ adnaleB nahajajnep namaz adap adum kajes

gnay aisenodnI sukitilop irad tikides kusamret onrakeoS ,5691 nuhat iapmas

itna ,silanoisan tagnas aI .kitilop narikimep hara malad nemtimok iaynupmem

akedremek naka iggnit gnay tagnames iaynupmem atres ,nahajajnep nad na

nakutasrepmem ahasureb ulales ai uti kutnU .aisenodnI asgnab nairidnamek

gnilas gnay kitilop narila paneges alup kusamret ,lanoisan isnetop paneges

ahasureb iridnes ai gnay nataukek nagnabmi metsis nagned ,nagnatnetreb

gnep“ iagabes aynnakiladnegnem ”gnabmi )recnalab( hagnet id - .hagnet 32

nakajibek naknalajnem malad onrakeoS nediserP nainarebek nad nasageteK

gnatnenem malad ini asgnab isulover tagnames rakabmem halet isatnorfnok

edrem urab gnalibret hisam gnay aisenodnI uti utkaw adaP .aisyalaM isaredeF ak

igab iridnesret awabiw iaynupmem gnay aragen ,raseb aragen iagabes gnadnapid

aragen - nakitkubid halet nainarebek nad nasageteK .aporE nakhab aisA aragen

,aisyalaM padahret aynisatnorfnok nakajibek taas adap onrakeoS nediserP helo

laM gnakaleb id nupiksem utas halas uti taas adap gnay sirggnI lainolok ada aisya

nad nasagetek turuynem nuptikides kat numan aporE id raseb lainolok aragen

.onraK gnuB gnaroes nainarebek

32 .nimkuM tayadiH tic .po . .501 .mlh ,


45

.igal nakugarid kadit hadus onraK gnuB irid adap ada gnay emsilanoisaN

nakapurem onraK gnuB upmam onrakeoS nediserP .nelut silanoisan gnaroes

itapmiS .silanoisan pakis utaus malad ek aisenodnI takaraysam kutnebnem

iapmas nakhab ,igal nakiynubmesid tapad kadit gnamem aisenodnI takaraysam

pmimep gnaros nakapurem onrakeoS nediserP .ini gnarakes taas ,saget gnay ni

.lanoisan naidabirpek nakgnabmegnem upmam ai aggnihes silanoisan atres ,inareb

ai lamrof araceS .nakgnutihrepid hadum iridnes onrakeoS pakis gnatneT

rebmeseD nalub malaD .ai nad isatnorfnok naktujnalem netsisnok patet naka

aksagenem nediserP naka aisenodnI awhab aisenodnI hatniremep pakis ilabmek n

ienurB nad habaS ,kawareS ,arupagniS ,ayalaM iapmas isatnorfnok naktujnalem

huggnusreb ai awhab itkuB .nahajajnep irad hunep akedrem - patet nad huggnus

eoS ,isatnorfnok naanaskajibek adapek netsisnok nahatrepmem suret onrak nak

lobmis - id gnay tenibaK .isatnorfnok lobmis malad kutneb 4691 sutsugA nalub

k aman nagned nalub malad ,nakabmorep imalagnem nupualaw ,arokiwD teniba

.naknahatrepid patet aynaman ,5691 rebmetpeS

m uti taas adap IKP/S03G nakatnorebmeP isatnorfnok nakajibek nakturuyne

halet iregen malad id kitilop nahudagaK .aisyalaM padahret aisenodnI

helo halasam nahacemep sukof anerak ,tubesret nakajibek ihuragnepmem

)ramsrepuS( teram salebes hatnirep taruS .igabret surah aisenodnI hatniremep

idajnem aisenodnI hatniremep naknalajid gnay nasutupek uata nahilip haubes

aynrauleK .iregen malad id halasam amaturet halasam nakiaseleynem kutnu

nakajibek naktujnalem malad onrakeoS narep nakturuynem halet ramsrepuS


55

isaredeF lagaggnem ayapu malad aynisatnorfnok amal kadit anerak ,aisyalaM

.otraheoS laredneJ helo nakitnagid onrakeoS nediserP naidumek

S kajneme b ialum aisyalaM padahret aisenodnI pakis uti on ,habure isasilamr

nakmananem apnat aisenodnI helo nakukalid nup aisyalaM aisenodnI nagnubuh

auk gnay nemtimok gnay aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep nakalonep padahret t

nahatniremep asam adap aisenodnI helo huget gnagepid halet aynmulebes

kadit aggnihes ,tajared 081 habureb aisenodnI iregen raul nakajibeK .onrakeoS

M nupilakes amaL edrO nahatniremep asam adap sagetes ayntujnales aisyala

inareb kadit aisenodnI numan ,uluhad hibelret kilfnok isakovorpmem ilakgnalureb

.amaL edrO nahatniremep asam adap anamiagabes saget

isenodnI aratna akubret kilfnoK a haletes aderem ialum aisyalaM nad

laH .onrakeoS isamitigel nakhamelem gnay 5691 rebmetpeS 03 nakatnorebmep

taas gnay otraheoS satiroto hawab id uraB edrO are aynialumid iadnanem tubesret

P .)teraM salebeS hatnireP taruS( ramsrepuS itkas tarus gnagemem uti ieM 82 ada

aisenodnI nipmimep tile kokgnaB id isnerefnok haubes malad ,6691 - aisyalaM

inagnatadnanem urab kahip haleb audeK .akubret kilfnok irihkagnem takapes

.6691 sutsugA 21 adap imser naiamadrep magaip 42

42 lurihaZ .hoM ,milA ?igaL hupmA kadit apagneM !aisyalaM gnaynaG rakaygoY , ,odniserP ajawsA :at

,3102 16 .mlh


65

VI BAB

IGAB )AROKIWD( TAYKAR ODNAMOK IWD AYNRIHAL KAPMAD

AISENODNI NAGNUBUH - AYNRIHKAREB KAJNEMES AISYALAM

GNARAKES IAPMAS AMAL EDRO NAHATNIREMEP

nagnubuh isasilamron nad isatnorfnok nakitnehgnem kutnu nasutupeK

nakrasadid aisyalaM nad aisenodnI aratna aynada ulrep nagnabmitrep utaus adap

id satilibats lad gnisam iregen ma - ,kitilop isidnok pukacnem kiab aragen gnisam

e aisyalaM ek aisenodnI naiamadrep isiM .asgnab ayadub nupuam ,laisos ,imonok

rupmuL alauK( - tnirem halet ,6691 ieM 02 laggnat adap )ratS rolA ek nalaj si

madA aratna 6691 inuJ 1 iapmas ieM 13 laggnat adap kokgnaB nagnidnurep

haubes adap nalaj akubmem naidumek kokgnaB naumetreP .kazaR nuT nad kilaM

atrakaJ naujutesreP .)droccA atrakaJ( atrakaJ naujutesreP )droccA atrakaJ(

gnisam inagnatadnatid - am rauL iretneM /kitiloP nasurU amatU iretneM helo gnis

nanahatreP iretneM /iretneM anadreP likaw nad kilaM madA ,IR iregeN

.kazaR nuT ,aisyalaM 1

utnet aisyalaM gnaynaggnem ahasu malad isatnorfnok namalagneP

kapmad nakasiynem - audek igab iridnesret kapmad fitisop kapmad kiab ,aragen

raga tahil atik surah naidumek gnay tubesret kapmaD .fitagen kapmad nupuam

nad aisenodnI laretalib nagnubuh audek igab narajalep irebmem tapad ayntujnales

.aisyalaM P rokiwD kapmad ianegnem sahabmem susuhk araces naka ini bab ada a

1 aisenodnI kilbupeR isamolpiD harajeS ukuB nasiluneP aitinaP , kilbupeR isamolpiD harajeS

6691 edoireP asaM eK asaM iraD aisenodnI - 5991 atrakaJ , kilbupeR iregeN rauL nemetrapeD : ,aisenodnI ,5002 07 .mlh .


75

:igab aisenodnI kitilop nagnubuh - e nagnubuh ,aisyalaM isenodnI imonok a-

b laisos nagnubuh ,aisyalaM aisenodnI ayadu - aisyalaM .

.A nagnubuH kitiloP aisenodnI - aisyalaM

.1 fitisoP kapmaD

pisnirP - arap helo nakkatelid halet gnay aisenodnI iregen raul kitilop pisnirp

ep sek naktahilrepmem halet lawa kajes ini asgnab iridn a akerem isiv nad narad

irad nakhasipid tapad kadit akedrem gnay aisenodnI utaus isnetsiske awhab

isamalkorp haletes awhab aynnaataynek numaN .labolg isnedepretni nagnubuh

nagnaujrep malad tabilret surah hadus aisenodnI , 5491 sutsugA 71 naakedremek

isulover emsilinolok oen itna gnay idajnem uti laH .tarab emsilairepmi nad

.ayniregen raul kitilop padahret sahk gnay kitsiretkarak .

kutnu tutap gnay narajalep kaynab rikugnem ajas utnet isatnorfnok harajeS

.tagniid er asam adap kutnebid gnay sahk kitsiretkaraK lov aud helo iadnatid uti isu

kaf nakdujuwid gnay iridnes nataukek naupmamek padahret naayacrepek utiay rot

lanoisanretni kitilop akite padahret naayacrepek nad atajnesreb nanalajrep malad

.isamolpid kitilop nakanuggnem malad naaidesek malad nakdujuwid gnay jeS hara

madrep adap gnujureb naidumek gnay isatnorfnok naia isamolpid utaus iulalem

halet aisenodnI awabmem aisyalaM nad nagnubuh utaus malad - nubuh nag

atabahasrep amas ajrek nad n . isatnorfnok naiamadrep naijnajrep kajeS

senodnI kitilop nagnubuh ,inagnatadnatid nakgnacnibrepid ialum nahalrep nup ai

.aragen audek helo

nahatniremep asam adap idajret hanrep gnay isatnorfnok aisenodnI igaB

nagnubuh malad awhab naksagenem halet aguj tubesret amaL edrO


85

asgnab nakapurem aisenodnI asgnab aynlanoisanretni gnay nab ,saget asg gnay

nab nad ,inareb emsilanoisan iaynupmem gnay asg harajeS .iggnit gnay

lanoisanretnI artic nad asgnab naidabirpek nakatpicnem halet aguj uti isatnorfnok

.aisenodnI

p nagnaujreP nakutnebme laM isaredeF a nat ipadahgnem malad aisy nagnat

aisenodnI helo nakracnalid gnay isatnorfnok aguj adap aisyalaM awabmem halet

.iggnit gnay asgnab irid naayacrepek utaus isatnarfnok aynrihkareb haleteS

akam ,tubesret aragen - kapesreb araggneT aisA aragen nakdujuwem kutnu ta

namahapesek irebmem kutnu apek gnaur aragen aumes ad - utasreb kutnu aragen

halasam ipadahgnem malad .amasreb nagnitnepek naktabilem gnay

P ada sutsugA 7691 :nipmimep amil , rauL iretneM aisenodnI , anipiliF ,

aisyalaM , arupagniS nad dnaliahT ( kilaM madA ,somaR .R osicraN , ludbA nuT

kazaR , mantarajaR .S )namohK tanahT nad amatu nawed id amasreb kudud

hE laH natabaJ id rauL law kokgnaB nemukod utas inagnatadnanem nad dnaliahT ,

."NAESA isaralkeD" iagabes ilanekid inik gnay 2 aynnagnabmekrep malaD , kadit

isatnorfnok harajes awhab lakgnasid tapad ed aisenodnI aisyalaM nagn salej araces

ianegnem takaraysam fitkepsrep isidnok nad imonoke isidnok sarugnem halet

kilfnok halasam ada hanrep gnay nakapurem aguj tubesret laH . lakab lakic

.NAESA amasajrek aynrihal kapmad irebmem nakaes ada hanrep gnay kilfnoK

aragen kitilop nagnubuh igab fitisop - .NAESA aragen D aguj ini nagnubuh mala

lakgnasid tapad kadit gnay naataynek utas nakapurem nakiarugnem malad awhab

,narasas lkeD kokgnaB isara nakataynem rep arahilemem kutnu“ nad naiamad

2 NAESA_harajeS/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.sm//:ptth . .4102 iraurbeF 51 laggnat adap hudnuid


95

aratna nagnubuh malad mukoh atat ,nalidaek itaatnem nagned lanoiger satilibats

asgnab - sasa adap huget gnagepreb atres araggneT aisA asgnab - magaiP sasa

”BBP .3 utaus irad narajalebmep lisah irad naigab nakapurem utnet tubesret laH

norfnok harajes tapad raneb araggneT aisA id naiamadrep aggnihes ,isat

kiabes nagned nakdujuwid - .aynkiab urem ini laH igab fitisop lah nakap nagnubuh

nad aisenodnI aisyalaM aynaudek awhab tagnignem anerak akapurem aragen n

.isatnorfnok harajes iaynupmem hanrep gnay

.2 N kapmaD fitage

et aisyalaM padahret aisenodnI isatnorfnoK narabmag nakasiynem hal

harajes tagnas hisam aguj uti laH .aisyalaM nad aisenodnI aratna nagnatnetrep

.ini taas iapmas aisyalaM nad aisenodnI kilfnok akimanid padahret huragnepreb

isatnorfnok harajeS lavir nakatpicnem halet tubesret sati igab iridnesret aynlucnum

kaynab ini taas iapmas aggnihes ,kilfnok akimanid lah - uggnaggnem gnay lah

nagnubuh kitilop aisenodnI - .aisyalaM

A lavir aynad satila halet tubesret isatnorfnok harajes irad kutnebret gnay

ini taas ragned atik gnires hisam gnay kilfnok akimanid naklubminem aratna

aisyalaM nad aisenodnI . aisenodnI aratna idajret hanrep gnay isatnorfnok harajeS

epsrep ihuragnepmem upmam halet aisyalaM nad utaus naka takaraysam fitk

nakirebmem nakaes tubesret aragen audek aratna nakadit ileb lauJ .emsilanoisan

.tubesret aragen audek nagnubuh aynturus gnasap irad babeynep kajeS

m ret natagug nakgnaneme ,natigiL nad nadapiS ualuP padah suret nasatabrep usi

3 aisenodnI kilbupeR isamolpiD harajeS ukuB nasiluneP aitinaP , c .po ,.ti 981 .mlh .


06

.aragen audek igab halasam idajnem rilugreb 4 M satab nakolpacnep aynlasi

nusuD id 1102 rebotkO nalub adap idajret gnay itrepes aisyalaM helo aisenodnI

.taraB natnamilaK ,sabmaS netapubaK naluB ramaC halasam uti gnipmas iD

k ayrak nakilimepek natagug aayadube isidnok uggnaggnem pukuc aguj n kitilop

gnay aisenodnI tnargim ajrekep halasam uti nialeS .aisyalaM nagned aisenodnI

nalub nakidajid gnires - uggnaggnem pukuc aguj aisyalaM id nalidakaditek nanalub

aisenodnI kitilop nagnubuh - .aisyalaM

bes irad fitagen kapmaD itrepes aisyalaM aisenodnI isatnofnok harajes hau

macnagnem gnires hisam gnay halasam nakapurem sata id nakiaru id gnay

nagnubuh iapmas nakhab ,aragen audek hanrep gnay isatnorfnoK .gnarakes

nakatpicnem halet gnamem aisyalaM padahret aisenodnI nakracnalid satilavir

halasam malad kiab ,tubesret aragen audek igab iridnesret ,imonoke nahubmutrep

.tubesret aragen aud agraw ratna lanoisome halasam nupuam ,kitilop nagnubuh

.B imonokE nagnubuH isenodnI a- aisyalaM

.1 fitisoP kapmaD

kutnu itakapesid halet aisyalaM padahret aisenodnI isatnorfnoK nakitnehid

nakajibek malad urab harA .aragen audek aratna iamad nalaj libmagnem nagned

.kutnebid nup isatnorfnok acsap imonoke sisabreb gnay aisenodnI iregen raul

kaynab halet gnay isatnorfnoK nakbabeynem aggnihes nagnauek sarugnem

gnadib id amasajrek tagnames naklucnumem halet aragen audek igab gnatuh

nagned tahilret aragen audek ,NAESA amasajrek utaus malad dujuwreT .imonokE

.tubesret amasajrek gnukudnem nad ipakiynem suires gnay NAESA

4 ivE inairtiF , I nagnubuH aisenodn - tkepsreP malaD aisyalaM aideM nad ,arageN ,ayaduB laisoS fi :atrakaJ ,

tibreneP ,aisenodnI satisrevinU ,5002 .55 .mlh


16

atugnem nad ,laisos naujamek ,imonoke nahubmutrep natapecrep nakam

nanugnabmep utnabmem nad itrareb tagnas utnet ,naayadubek nagnabmekrep

nodnI igab asgnab nalibatsek e nakiaseleynem urab gnalibret gnay aisyalaM nad ais

.aynaudek aratna id kilfnok halasam

p gnirieS natabahasrep tarerepmem akgnar malad ,NAESA nagnabmekre

gnay gnajnap akgnaj laretalib amasajrek gnaulep akam ,amasajrek aragen audek

.aisyalaM nad aisenodnI aratna kutnebret nup imonoke gnadib tukgnaynem

rotsevni aynkaynaB - reb gnay aisyalaM irad rotsevni halet aisenodnI id isatsevni naksatnegnem malad id aisenodnI hatniremep utnabmem kaynab tikides malad aynisatsevni nakmananem kaynab aisyalaM irad rotsevnI .naruggnagnep

nanubekrep irtsudni tiwas apalek haleb audek igab nakgnutnugnem utnet ini laH . irad ajreK aganeT aynnaktapmet id kaynab aguj aisyalaM id ,uti nialeS .kahip

iagabes ajrekeb gnay aisenodnI aggnaT hamuR utnabmeP ,sidem sagutep ,)TRP(.aynnial lanoiseforp aganet atres nanugnab ajrekep 5

.2 fitageN kapmaD

taykaR odnamoK iwD isatnorfnok kitilop ianrawid gnay )arokiwD(

ke isidnok nakutnenem malad iridnesret natatac idajnem halet aisenodnI imono

nI aisenod - helo naktabikaid gnay aragen audek gnatuH .aynhaletes aisyalaM

ab halasam idajnem utnet kisif isatnorfnok B .tubesret aragen audek igab ur iga

kadit utnet isatnorfnok kitilop iayaibmem kutnu ada halet gnay gnatuh ,aisenodnI

isah nagned iauses alup utigeB .tubesret isatnorfnok kitilop irad nakparahid gnay l

gnay gnatuh ,akedrem urab uti taas adap gnay aragen iagabes ,aisyalaM igab

gnay lah nakub utnet ,ailartsuA ,sirggnI itrepes raul aragen nagnokos irad lasareb

.aynnakiaseleynem kutnu hadum

5 aisyalaM_nagned_aisenodnI_nagnubuH/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.di//:ptth iraurbeF 51 laggnat adap hudnuid .

.4102


26

audek imonoke nagnubuh tukgnaynem aguj gnay gnajnap akgnaj malaD

.)aisenodnI ajreK aganeT( tnargim halasam halada aragen gnay IKT satinumoK

naimonokerep nanahatek igab isubirtnok nakgnabmuynem halet iregen raul id ada

irad IKT halmuj ,8002 nuhaT .aisenodnI ,gnaro 000.35 ratikes iapacnem BTN

.aisyalaM id tiwas apalek nanubekrep id ajrekeb satiroyam gnay 6 ini laH

.aisenodnI igab fitisop kapmad nakirebmem tagnas aynranebes kapmad numaN

aisenodnI harajes irad - ragnepreb nad satilavir idajnem nakaes gnay aisyalaM hu

nakbabeynem halet tubesret aragen aud agraw ratna lanoisome halasam padahret

gnay tnargim ajrekep usi irad ialuM .aisyalaM id tnargim halasam aynlucnum

ayntakgninem babeynep iagabes hudutid gnires aisenodnI lasa nemukodreb kadit

syalaM id lanimirc susak gnires aguj aisenodnI lasa tnargim ajrekep uti nialeS .ai

id .aynnakijam helo naasokremep nakhab naaskiynep iagabreb tapadnem nakatireb

aratna imonoke nagnubuh igab urab halasam idajnem utnet uti itrepes laH

aisenodnI - .aisyalaM

.C ayaduB laisoS nagnubuH enodnI is a- aisyalaM

.1 fitisoP kapmaD

laisos nagnubuH - kilfnok harajes iaynupmem gnay aragen aud aratna ayadub

gnay nemele nakapurem utnet ,aisyalaM nad aisenodnI itrepes raseb isatnorfnok

arajeS .amasajrek utaus nugnabmem ahasu malad nakdujuwid kutnu gnitnep h

aisenodnI aratna kisif isatnorfnok ianrawid gnay arokiwD - aisyalaM ulal asam id

gnisam aragen agraw igab emsilanoisan asar nakhubmunem halet - .gnisam upmaM

igab iridnes isatserp nakapurem aragen agraw emsilanoisan asar nahubmunem

6 ivE inairtiF , c .po ,.ti 67 .mlh .


36

numaN .aragen utaus at akij gnisam helo lortnokid apn - akam hatniremep gnisam

harajes gnatnet kiab ,gnareynem gnilas gnay kilbup inipo naklisahagnem asib

al asam l halasam nupuam ,u - .aragen audek id lucnum urab gnay halasam nialeS

anekret gnay arokiwD harajes iridnes aisenodnI igab ,uti nayobmes nagned l

nakapurem uti aisyalaM gnaynaG atres ,nainarebek ,nasagetek kutneb

isan o ,nainarebek ,nasagetek naka narajalebmeP .aisenodnI asgnab hurules emsilan

.arokiwD harajes malad id kapmat salej emsilanoisan atres

)isatnorfnok asam( arokiwD aisenodnI - alepid akij aisyalaM nad iraj

aguj kiab nagned itregnemid nemele igab itrareb gnay narajalep idajnem naka

gnisam takaraysam nupuam hatniremep - .tubesret aragen gnisam asib tubesret laH

nakrasadreb gnay ayadub laisos nugnabmem malad ladom nakidajid p akite ada

larom nad akite alibapA .aisyalaM nad aisenodnI aragen agraw larom nad

malad ialin nad amron satilauk natakgninep akam ,kutnebret halet takaraysam

.kiab nagned dujuwret naka aragen audek laisos isaler alop uata iskaretnireb alop

.2 fitageN kapmaD

D kapurem aisyalaM nad aisenodnI aratna laretalib nagnubuh akimani a n

audek nagnubuH .4691 arokiwD asam adap harajes natatac utaus irad iskelfer

ini nupmures asgnab nakapurem nad taked larutluk araces gnay ini aragen

sgnab audek haletes turus gnasap imalagnem naakedremek nakisaralkednem ini a

gnisam kitilop nataluadek ikilimem nad - usi nagnabmekrep ayntabikA .gnisam

aynlasiM .nalucnumreb ialum nup ayadub laisos nagnubuh ihuragnepmem gnay

itrepes ragnepmem gnusgnal araces gnay tnargim ajrekep halasam u nagnubuh ih

mialk nupuam ,aragen hayaliw atekgnes halasam uti nialeS .aragen audek laisos


46

laisos nagnubuh halasam ketnok irad naksapelid tapad kadit utnet ayadub sata

aisenodnI ayadub - .aisyalaM

S alaM nad aisenodnI naktabilem hanrep gnay isatnorfnok haraje halet aisy

.takaraysam irid malad id iggnit gnay emsilanoisan asar nakatpicnem narikimeP

naka tubesret ada hanrep gnay kilfnok gnatnet malad id napmisret ulales harajes

gnisam asgnab - .aragen gnisam aguj asib numan kiab kapmadreb asib tubesret laH

kapmadreb .kurub malad id kilbup inipo nakrihalem halet tubesret isatnorfnoK

gnisam ayntakaraysam - nup lucnum gnay kilfnok akimanid aggnihes ,gnisam

alem ajas napak idajret tapad aisos isaler nad iskaretni alop utaus iul aratna l

aisyalaM nad aisenodnI , minem aggnihes ,nagnagetek ,namahaphalasek naklub

.lanoisome nad


56

V BAB

NALUPMISEK

“ nasahabmep nakrasadreB 4691 )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD

emsilanoisaN nad nainarebeK ,nasageteK atayN itkuB ”aisyalaM gnaynaG“

”amaL edrO nahatniremeP asaM adaP aisenodnI asgnaB agit sahabid

utiay nahalasamrep ,amatrep gnakaleb ratal taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal

;amaL edrO asam adap )arokiwD( audek , naanaskalep sesorp odnamoK iwD

bes )arokiwD( taykaR ebek ,nasagetek atayn itkub iaga emsilanoisan nad nainar

sgnab ,agitek ;amaL edrO asam adap aisenodnI a odnamoK iwD aynrihal kapmad

aisenodnI nagnubuh igab )arokiwD( taykaR - aynrihkareb kajnemes aisyalaM

niremep ;gnarakes iapmas amaL edrO nahat ,VI nad ,III ,II bab naiaru nakrasadreB

: tukireb iagabes nalupmisek kiratid tapad akam

.1 aleb rataL aynrihal gnak sapel kadit )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD irad

gneT edi aisyalaM isaredeF kutnebmem kutnu namhaR ludbA uk . ludbA ukgneT

lA artuP namhaR - 7591 nuhat kajes aisyalaM isaredeF nipmimem gnay jjaH

amatrep - iS id aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmeP nasagag nakratnolem amat arupagn

gnay nawatraw arap naped id aracibreb ai akitek ,1691 ieM 72 laggnat adap

malad id gnubagret .noitaicossA stsilanruoJ ngieroF tapad nakaparahid isaredeF

nuhat malaD .habaS nad ,kawareS ,arupagniS ,ayalaM irad iridret nad kutnebid

sirggnI natabilretek uti huajeS .kusam aidesreb aguj ienurB raga nakrawatid 2691

ipateT .nakhalasamrepid muleb aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep ayapu malad

id nalliMcM iretneM anadreP nagned isatlusnokreb namhaR ludbA haletes


66

naanaskalep ianegnem 2691 iluJ nalub nad 1691 rebotkO nalub malad nodnoL

awhab ,aisenodnI kahip id tauk nikam gnay naagud lubmit ,isaredef anacner

ynranebes isaredeF nakutnebmep nasagag .sirggnI nasagag halada a nakutnebmeP

uti aisyalaM isaredeF oen keyorp utaus iagabes onrakeoS nediserP helo imahapid

.emsilairepmi nad emsilainolok nakalonep adap gnujureb tubesret nahalasamreP

nad aisyalaM isaredeF sata onrakeoS nediserP naanaskalep rfnok imed isatno

en keyorp nawalem awel nakrabokid gnay arokiwD nakrihalem aggnihes milok t

H .”aisyalaM gnaynaG“ nayobmes nakukalid tubesret la anerak aisyalaM isaredeF

isenodnI asgnab isulover nagned nagnatnetreb paggnaid .a hatniremep uti nialeS

alinem aisenodnI )1 :lah agit raggnalem ini aisyalaM nakutnebmep namumugnep i

nagned nagnatnetreb )3 ,alinaM TTK nagned nagnatnetreb )2 ,sitarkomed kadit

.isasinoloked ianegnem BBP isuloser

.2 naanaskalep sesorP niam kadit aisenodnI helo arokiwD - isatnorfnoK .niam

nikames .nakanaskalid suires nikames irah adaP nediserP 4691 ieM 3 laggnat

nakpacugnem onrakeoS lanekid aguj gnay aisyalaM nagnaynaggneP odnamoK

isuloveR nanahatek tabehrep :amatreP ,isireb gnay taykaR odnamoK iwD nagned

isulover nagnaujrep utnab :audek ;aisenodnI taykar reno - ,ayalaM taykar

nad irid nakakedremem kutnu ienurB nad kawareS ,habaS ,arupagniS

aisyalaM padahret nagnaynaggnep napaisreP .aisyalaM aragen nakrabubmem

agaiS odnamoK nasagunep nad nakutnebmep irad ialumiD .suires nikames

61 laggnat adap arokiwD ek natakgnA( nawalerakuS aganeT napaisreP ,4691 ieM

arap naped id onrakeoS nediserP helo iridnes nakiapmasid gnay )amiL iggnitep

kahip irad artnok iaunem uti nawalerekus aganet nakutnebmep nasagaG .IRBA


76

namem kadneh gnay hal IKP paggnagnem IRBA ,)DA( IRBA aganet naktaaf

gnay hal IKP gnamem anerak iridnes IKP nagnitnepek igab tubesret nawalerakus

iaunem nupikseM .onrakeoS adapek tubesret nasagag naklusugnem aynlawa

nagned ipat uti nasagag amirenem aguj IRBA aynrihka numan ,IRBA irad artnok

itahreb patet - itah tahilret nikames arokiwD naanaskaleP . suires nagned

aynnakanaskalid gnay haread ek aisenodnI helo retilim isarepo nad naharegnep

nal nasatabreb namirignep itrepes aynlasim aisyalaM isaredeF nagned gnusg

nad aratU natnamilaK nasatabrep ek nakusap .ayalaM gnujnanemeS

.3 aisenodnI nagnubuh igab arokiwD aynrihal kapmaD - kajnemes aisyalaM

nupuam fitisop kiab nakasarid tagnas gnamem amaL edrO nahatniremep rihkareb

.aynfitagen

.a nagnubuh igaB harajes halada naklubmitid gnay fitisop kapmad ,kitilop

arokiwD malad iridnesret narajalebmep utaus nakatpicnem halet )isatnorfnok(

nakataynem gnay kokgnaB isaralkeD .kitilop nagnubuh agajnem kutnu“

atat ,nalidek itaatnem nagned lanoiger satilibats nad naiamadrep arahilemem

asgnab aratna nagnubuh malad mukuh - isA asgnab atres araggneT a

sasa adap huget gnagepreb - .”BBP magaiP sasa fitagen kapmad nakgnadeS

harajes irad kutnebret gnay satilavir aynada halada kitilop gnadib id

aynlasiM .ini taas kitilop nagnubuh halasam adap tujnalreb halet isatnorfnok

ab nakolpacnep halasam gnay aisyalaM helo aisenodnI lairoteret sat

ubuh gnagetrepmem aisenodnI kitilop nagn - aguj aisyalaM uti niales ,aisyalaM

,ogoronoP goeR nairat itrepes aisenodnI ines nad ayadub mialkgnem hanrep

gnayaS asaR ugal nad - .egnayas


86

.b isop kapmad ,imonoke nagnubuh igaB NAESA amasajrek aynrihal halai fit

aisenodnI laretalib amasajrek naknikgnumem paggnaid gnay - aisyalaM araces

.tare rotsevni aynkaynab aynlasiM - mananem gnay aisyalaM irad rotsevni

nanubekrep adap aynhotnoc ,aisenodnI id mahas - id tiwas nanubekrep

uam aretamuS naajrekep nagnapal akubmem tapad aggnihes natnamilaK nup

ropske naidumeK .aisenodnI id - utnet aguj aragen audek aratna gnarab ropmi

.aragen audek igab iridnesret nagnutnuek irebmem fitagen kapmad nakgnadeS

iayaibmem kutnu gnatuh nahabmanep naklucnumem halai aratna isatnorfnok

udek a .aragen audek igab iridnesret nabeb idajnem aggnihes ,tubesret aragen

.c halai fitisop kapmad ,ayadub laisos nagnubuh igaB laisos iskaretni malad

aratna iskaretni igab iridnesret narajalep irebmem utnet isatnorfnok

senodnI takaraysam jeS .aisyalaM takaraysam nagned ai a nakaes arokiwD har

asar nad ,amron ,akite nakgnitnemem hibel kutnu ,takaraysam nakradaynem

iagrahgnem gnilas gnisam ayadub - aragen gnisam iskaretnireb malad aggnihes ,

.ilabmek gnaluret kadit ada hanrep gnay kilfnok harajes kapmad nakgnadeS

gnisam id kilbup inipo aynrihal halada ayadub laisos gnadib id fitagen - gnisam

naklucnumem tapad aggnihes tubesret isatnorfnok harajes gnatnet aragen

gnadak aggnihes aragen audek id takaraysam aratna iridnesret satilavir - gnadak

numem tapad .iskaretni sesorp irad urab kilfnok nakluc


96

AKATSUP RATFAD

.A UKUB

irahoJ tamA .niaoM .9691 odnilihpaM amsilanoisaN harajeS . takiraS :rupmuL alauK

.dahreB uyaleM nasutU nakatecreP

ivE inairtiF .2102 . I nagnubuH aisenodn - tkepsreP malaD aisyalaM ,ayaduB laisoS fi

aideM nad ,arageN . tibreneP :atrakaJ aisenodnI satisrevinU .

tayadiH .nimkuM .1991 iregeN rauL kitiloP malaD INT . raniS akatsuP :atrakaJ

naparaH .

.3102 .milA lurihaZ .hoM ?igaL hupmA kadit apagneM !aisyalaM gnaynaG .

.odniserP ajawsA :atrakaygoY

.H .A ,noitusaN .7891 saguT naliggnaP ihunemeM . :atrakaJ .gnugA gnunuG TP

rajeS ukuB nasiluneP aitinaP .5002 .aisenodnI kilbupeR isamolpiD ha harajeS

asaM eK asaM iraD aisenodnI kilbupeR isamolpiD . nemetrapeD :atrakaJ

aisenodnI kilbupeR iregeN rauL .

nahisoR .H ,rawnA .6002 onrakuS - aratneT - K agitigeS :IKP mulebes naasauke

1691 kitiloP araharP - 5691 :atrakaJ . .aisenodnI robO nasayaY

nauridoT odyD . .9891 ratneT kitiloP nakaregreP .IKP/S03G haduseS nad mulebeS a

.sserP noyareT nedloG .TP :atrakaJ

kuT idahoyteS . .2002 naB nanalajreP harajeS irad aisenodnI asg .asaM ek asaM

.NOITAROPROC ILAWAJAR .VC :atrakaJ

flU nesuahdnuS . .6891 5491 aisenodnI retiliM kitiloP - isgnuF iwD ujuneM 7691

IRBA . .SE3PL :atrakaJ


07

.3002 .K.A ,otnayrahiW )tatkiD( aisyalaM nagnabmekreP nad ienurB . :atrakaygoY

harajeS nakididneP idorP nU )PIKF( .amrahD atanaS satisrevi

.B NI TENRET

isarkomed/01/1102/moc.topsgolb.yohcharajesaidem//:ptth - nipmipret - 9591 -

lmth.6691 , d .3102 rebotkO 03 laggnat hudnui

aisenodnI_lanoisaN_aratneT/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.di//:ptth , iraurbeF 7 laggnat hudnuid

.4101

AESA_harajeS/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.sm//:ptth N, iraurbeF 51 laggnat adap hudnuid

.4102

aisyalaM_nagned_aisenodnI_nagnubuH/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.di//:ptth , adap hudnuid

.4102 iraurbeF 51 laggnat


17

SUBALIS

halokeS amaN AMS :

narajaleP ataM )bijaW( aisenodnI harajeS :

saleK X : II

itnI isnetepmoK :

.1 itayahgneM nad naklamagnem ayntunaid gnay amaga naraja

.2 gnotog( iludep ,bawaj gnuggnat ,nilpisid ,rujuj ukalirep naklamagnem nad itayahgneM ,)iamad ,narelot ,amasajrek ,gnoyor

orp nad ,fisnopser ,nutnas - iskaretnireb malad nahalasamrep iagabreb sata isulos irad naigab iagabes pakis nakkujnunem nad fitka

nimrec iagabes irid naktapmenem malad atres mala nad laisos nagnukgnil nagned fitkefe araces .ainud naluagrep malad asgnab na

.3 nauhategnepsisilanagnem nad ,nakparenem ,imahameM ,lautpesnok ,lautkaf gnatnet aynuhat nigni asar nakrasadreblarudesorp

enek ,naasgnabek ,naaisunamek nasawaw nagned aroinamuh nad ,ayadub ,ines ,igolonket ,nauhategnep umli nad ,naarag

iauses kifiseps gnay naijak gnadib adap larudesorp nauhategnep nakparenem atres ,naidajek nad anemonef tiakret nabadarep

.halasam nakhacemem kutnu ayntanim nad takab nagned

.4 t kartsba hanar nad terknok hanar malad ijaynem nad ,ralanem ,halogneM aynirajalepid gnay irad nagnabmegnep nagned tiakre

.naumliek hadiak iauses adotem nakanuggnem upmam nad ,iridnam araces halokes id


27

rasaD isnetepmoK kokoP iretaM narajalebmeP naialineP isakolA

utkaW

rajaleB rebmuS

narep isaulavegneM .2.3 lanoisaN hokot nad

gnaujreb gnay hareaD naknahatrepmem

nad aragen nahutuek adap aisenodnI asgnab

8491 asam - .5691

4691 arokiwD ”aisyalaM gnaynaG“

atayN itkuB : ,nasageteK

nad ,nainarebeK emsilanoisaN

aisenodnI asgnaB asaM adaP

edrO nahatniremePamaL .

gnakaleb ratal iwD aynrihal

taykaR odnamoK adap )arokiwD(

.amaL edrO asam p sesor naparenep

odnamoK iwD )arokiwD( taykaR

itkub iagabes ,nasagetek atayn

nad nainarebek emsilanoisan

aisenodnI asgnab edrO asam adap

.amaL

itamagneM

kamiynem iulaleM ,urug nasalejnep

nad ,ukub acabmemrabmag tahilem -

rataL gnatnet rabmag aynrihal gnakaleb sesorP ,)arokiwD(

iwD naparenep taykaR odnamoK atres ,)arokiwD(

iwD aynrihal kapmaD taykaR odnamoK

igab )arokiwD(aisenodnI nagnubuh - kajnemes aisyalaM

aynrihkareb edrO nahatniremep

iapmas amaL.gnarakes

aynaneM

nad aynatreb nakiapmaynem

:isavresbO itamagnem

atresep nataigek sesorp malad kidid

naklupmugnem atad sisilana ,atad

nataubmep nad .naropal

:oilofotroP :

alinem naropal i kidid atresep

gnatnet : gnakaleb ratal

iwD aynrihal taykaR odnamoK

adap )arokiwD(.amaL edrO asam

naparenep sesorp odnamoK iwD

)arokiwD( taykaR itkub iagabes

,nasagetek atayn

54 x 2


37

D aynrihal kapma odnamoK iwD

)arokiwD( taykaR nagnubuh igab

aisenodnI - aisyalaM kajnemes

aynrihkareb nahatniremep

aL edrO am.gnarakes iapmas

gnatnet tapadnep gnakaleb rataL

,)arokiwD( aynrihal naparenep sesorP

odnamoK iwD ,)arokiwD( taykaR

kapmaD atres iwD aynrihal

taykaR odnamoK igab )arokiwD(

aisenodnI nagnubuh - kajnemes aisyalaM



neM nakisarolpskeg :

naklupmugnem ukub irad isamrofni

nupuam aynnialrebmus tiakret rataL nagned

aynrihal gnakaleb sesorP ,)arokiwD(


iwD aynrihal kapmaD



amaL aynrihal kapmad


nagnubuh igabaisenodnI - aisyalaM kajnemes


amaL edrO.gnarakes iapmas

seT

silutret : ialinem atresep naupmamek

malad kididimahamem :

gnakaleb ratal iwD aynrihal

taykaR odnamoK adap )arokiwD(

.amaL edrO asam naparenep sesorp


47





saisosagneM :naki

sisilanagneM atad nad isamrofni

irad kiab tapadid gnayrebmus ,naacab -

kutnu tiakret rebmus naktapadnem

gnatnet nalupmisek gnakaleb rataL

,)arokiwD( aynrihal naparenep sesorP

odnamoK iwD ,)arokiwD( taykaR

kapmaD atreshal iwD aynri



aynrihkareb


itkub iagabes ,nasagetek atayn



amaL kapmad aynrihal


nagnubuh igabaisenodnI - aisyalaM kajnemes


amaL edrO.gnarakes iapmas


57

edrO nahatniremep iapmas amaL

.gnarakes

:nakisakinumogneM

nakropalem lisahisaulave malad

gnay nasilut kutnebgnatnet isireb rataL

aynrihal gnakaleb sesorP ,)arokiwD(


iwD aynrihal kapmaD taykaR odnamoK

igab )arokiwD(aisenodnI nagnubuh - kajnemes aisyalaM


iapmas amaLgnarakes .


67

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP NAGNACNAR

nakididneP nautaS : AMS

retsemeS/saleK : X II /

narajaleP ataM : harajeS

kokoP iretaM : : ”aisyalaM gnaynaG“ 4691 arokiwD atayN itkuB

aisenodnI asgnaB emsilanoisaN nad ,nainarebeK ,nasageteK

amaL edrO nahatniremeP asaM adaP

ek naumetreP : 1

utkaw isakolA : tinem 54 x 2

.A isnetepmoK itnI

.1 .ayntunaid gnay amaga naraja naklamagnem nad itayahgneM

.2 ,bawajgnuggnat ,nilpisid ,rujuj ukalirep naklamagnem nad itayahgneM

,nutnas ,)iamad ,narelot ,amas ajrek ,gnoyor gnotog( iludep evisnopser ,

orp nad - sata isulos irad naigab iagabes pakis nakkujnunem malad fitka

reb malad nahalasamrep iagabreb i races iskaretn nagned fitkefe a

iagabes irid naktapmenem malad atres mala nad laisos nagnukgnil

.ainud naluagrep malad asgnab nanimrec

.3 mahameM ,lautkaf nauhategnep sisilanagnem nad ,nakparenem ,i

t aynuhat nigni asar nakrasadreb larudesorp nad ,lautpesnok umli gnatne

gnep lonket ,nauhate gned aroinamuh nad ,ayadub ,ines ,igo w na nasawa

babeynep tiakret nabadarep nad ,naaragenek ,naasgnabek ,naaisunamek

adap larudesorp nauhategnep nakparenem atres ,naidajek nad anemonef

tanim nad takab nagned iauses kifiseps gnay naijak gnadib kutnu ayn

.halasam nakhacemem

.4 terknok hanar malad ijaynem nad ,ralanem ,halogneM nad kartsba hanar

d nagnabmegnep nagned tiakret i araces halokes id aynirajalepid gnay ir

.naumliek hadiak iauses edotem nakanuggnem upmam nad ,iridnam


77

.B rasaD isnetepmoK

M .2.3 gnaujreb gnay hareaD nad lanoisaN hokot narep isaulavegne

asam adap aisenodnI asgnab nad aragen nahutuek naknahatrepmem

8491 - .5691

.C rotakidnI isnetepmoK naiapacneP

.1 naklamagneM nad aisenodnI igab aynsusuhk naakedremek hamkih

rukuys adnat iagabes ,aisyalaM nataigek malad ,EMY nahuT adapek

.aragenreb nad asgnabreb napudihek nugnabmem ).1 .IK(

.2 bawaj gnuggnat pakis nakujnuneM ,amasajrek , ,narelot nad ahasu malad

naknahatrepmem naakedremek asgnab irid agrah nad . ).2 .IK(

.3 sisilanagneM oK iwD aynrihal gnakaleb ratal )arokiwD( taykaR odnam

.amaL edrO asam adap ).3 .IK(

.4 arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD naparenep sesorp sisilanagneM iagabes )

aisenodnI asgnab emsilanoisan nad ,nainarebek ,nasagetek atayn itkub

.amaL edrO asam adap 3 .IK( .)

.5 dnamoK iwD aynrihal kapmad nakijayneM igab )arokiwD( taykaR o


gnarakes iapmas amaL .silutret naropal kutneb malad ).4 .IK(

.D narajalebmeP naujuT

: tapad awsis isnerefer acabmem nad itamagnem ,isuksid iulaleM

.1 naklamagneM hamkih nad aisenodnI igab aynsusuhk naakedremek

aisyalaM , nataigek malad ,EMY nahuT adapek rukuys adnat iagabes

.aragenreb nad asgnabreb napudihek nugnabmem

.2 ujnuneM k ,amasajrek ,bawaj gnuggnat pakis nak narelot nad ahasu malad

naknahatrepmem naakedremek agrah nad asgnab irid .

.3 )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal gnakaleb ratal sisilanagneM


.4 iagabes )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD naparenep sesorp sisilanagneM

aisenodnI asgnab emsilanoisan nad ,nainarebek ,nasagetek atayn itkub

edrO asam adap .amaL


87

.5 igab )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal kapmad nakijayneM


.silutret naropal kutneb malad gnarakes iapmas amaL

.E rajA iretaM

gnakaleb rataL dap )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal a edrO asam

.amaL

atayn itkub iagabes )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD naparenep sesorP

asam adap aisenodnI asgnab emsilanoisan nad ,nainarebek ,nasagetek

.amaL edrO

D nagnubuh igab )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal kapma

aisenodnI - ihkareb kajnemes aisyalaM amaL edrO nahatniremep aynr

gnarakes iapmas .

.F utkaW isakolA

54 X 2

.G edoteM nad igetartS ,natakedneP narajalebmeP

natakedneP : cifitneicS

ledoM : wasgij evitarepooc

edoteM d ,hamareC : ,isuksi ,isavresbo aynat nad isatneserp

bawaj

.H narajalebmeP nataigeK

nataigeK nataigeK isakolA

utkaW

nauluhadneP .a nakirebmem uruG malas

.b nad napaisek awsis adapek nakaynaneM

rajaleb kutnu namaynek

tinem 01


97

.c nesbagneM awsis naridahek

.d awsis utas halas nakalisrepmeM

aod nipmimem

.e M gnay naaynatrep aparebeb nakujagne

narajalebmep iretam nagned natiakreb

itnI 6 malad ek awsis nakigabmem uruG

pmolek 5 nakatoggnareb gnay ko - awsis 6

.)lawa kopmolek(

:itamagneM

iulaleM urug nasalejnep kamiynem ,

,ukub acabmem tahilem nad rabmag -

gnatnet rabmag gnakaleb rataL aynrihal

)arokiwD( iwD naparenep sesorP ,

atres ,)arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK

D taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal kapma

aisenodnI nagnubuh igab )arokiwD( -

aynrihkareb kajnemes aisyalaM

iapmas amaL edrO nahatniremep

gnarakes .

:aynaneM

kidid atreseP kutnu nakhalisrepid

tapadnep nakiapmaynem nad aynatreb

gnatnet gnakaleb rataL aynrihal

)arokiwD( iwD naparenep sesorP ,

atres ,)arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK

D taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal kapma


aynrihkareb kajnemes aisyalaM

emep iapmas amaL edrO nahatnir

tinem 06


08

gnarakes .

nakisarolpskegneM :

kutnu atnimid kidid atreseP

m isamrofni naklupmugne ukub irad

namet nupuam malad kopmolek 1

kopmolek( ,)ilha nagned tiakret rataL

gnakaleb aynrihal )arokiwD( sesorP ,

taykaR odnamoK iwD naparenep

D atres ,)arokiwD( iwD aynrihal kapma

igab )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK


amaL edrO nahatniremep aynrihkareb

gnarakes iapmas .

isaisosagneM :

gnay atad nad isamrofni sisilanagneM

naacab irad kiab tapadid rebmus, - rebmus

tiakret nupuam kopmolek 1 malad namet

)ilha kopmolek( naktapadnem kutnu

gnatnet nalupmisek gnakaleb rataL

naparenep sesorP ,)arokiwD( aynrihal

atres ,)arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD

taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal kapmaD


jnemes aisyalaM aynrihkareb ka

iapmas amaL edrO nahatniremep

.gnarakes

gneM nakisakinumok :

isaulave nad sisilana lisaH ianegnem

,)arokiwD( aynrihal gnakaleb rataL

taykaR odnamoK iwD naparenep sesorP


18

iwD aynrihal kapmaD atres ,)arokiwD(

igab )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK

gnubuh aisenodnI na - kajnemes aisyalaM

amaL edrO nahatniremep aynrihkareb

.gnarakes iapmas nakropalid ayntujnales

ek malad )lawa kopmolek( kopmolek 1

helo nakbawajgnuggnatrepid nad ,idat

.salek naped id lawa kopmolek

putuneP .a helo utnabid awsis nalupmisek/isakifiralK

iretam naklupmiynem urug gnakaleb rataL

)arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal

adap .amaL edrO asam

.b nakukalem uruG e kutnu isaulav

naujut naiapacretek rukugnem

narajalebmep

.c ialin nakiapmaynem kidid atreseP - ialin

apa narajalebmep irad helorepid gnay ajas

.ini irah

.d ianegnem isamrofni nakirebid awsiS

gnatad naka gnay narajalebmep

.e nakpacugneM malas

tinem 02

.I rajaleB lisaH naialineP

.a : tseT )ripmalret( naiarU

.b : tseT noN

.1 )ripmalret( kopmolek ajrek natamagnep rabmeL

.2 rabmeL )ripmalret( isatneserp natamagnep

.3 gnatnet halakam taubmeM sesorP ,)arokiwD( aynrihal gnakaleb rataL

aynrihal kapmaD atres ,)arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD naparenep


28

aisenodnI nagnubuh igab )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD - aisyalaM

atniremep aynrihkareb kajnemes .gnarakes iapmas amaL edrO nah

k( )ripmalret naialinep airetir

: halakam nasilunep tamroF

I BAB nauluhadneP

II BAB isI

III BAB putuneP

.a nalupmiseK

.b naraS

nakujuR ratfaD

: natataC

,5,1 isaps ,21 ,lairA furuh nakanuggnem nagned kitekid halakaM

tnorp - tuo .rabmel 51 lamiskam ,4A satrek

.J rajaleB rebmuS

: rebmuS

.lurihaZ .hoM ,milA .3002 hupmA kadit apagneM !aisyalaM gnaynaG

?igaL odniserP ajawsA :atrakaygoY . .

.ivE ,inairtiF .5791 aisenodnI nagnubuH - fitkepsreP malad :aisyalaM

nad ,arageN ,ayaduB laisoS aideM . aisenodnI satirevinU:atrakaJ .

,5002 ,aisenodnI kilbupeR isamolpiD harajeS ukuB nasiluneP aitinaP

asaM eK asaM iraD aisenodnI kilbupeR isamolpiD harajeS :atrakaJ ,

,aisenodnI kilbupeR iregeN rauL nemetrapeD ,

,1991 ,nimkuM tayadiH L kitiloP malaD INT iregeN rau :atrakaJ ,

naparaH raniS akatsuP

draob etihW lenalf napap/

tniop rewoP

DCL

tenretnI

ateP


38

rabmaG

lodipS

,atrakaygoY ,iuhategneM teraM 4102

,halokeS alapeK ,lepaM uruG

itseH inaidnA .arD sutreboR atranuS idreV


48

.1 namoK iwD aynrihal gnakeleb rataL kadit )arokiwD( taykaR od

sapel .aisyalaM isaredeF kutnebmem kutnu namhaR ludbA ukgneT edi irad

lA artuP namhaR ludbA ukgneT - kajes aisyalaM isaredeF nipmimem gnay jjaH

amatrep 7591 nuhat - aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmeP nasagag nakratnolem amat

arap naped id aracibreb ai akitek ,1691 ieM 72 laggnat adap arupagniS id

malad id gnubagret gnay nawatraw .noitaicossA stsilanruoJ ngieroF isaredeF

nad ,kawareS ,arupagniS ,ayalaM irad iridret nad kutnebid tapad nakaparahid

uti huajeS .kusam aidesreb aguj ienurB raga nakrawatid 2691 nuhat malaD .habaS

yalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep ayapu malad sirggnI natabilretek muleb ais

anadreP nagned isatlusnokreb namhaR ludbA haletes ipateT .nakhalasamrepid

2691 iluJ nalub nad 1691 rebotkO nalub malad nodnoL id nalliMcM iretneM

kahip id tauk nikam gnay naagud lubmit ,isaredef anacner naanaskalep ianegnem

sagag awhab ,aisenodnI nasagag halada aynranebes isaredeF nakutnebmep na

uti aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmeP .sirggnI onrakeoS nediserP helo imahapid

.emsilairepmi nad emsilainolok oen keyorp utaus iagabes tubesret nahalasamreP

aredeF sata onrakeoS nediserP nakalonep adap gnujureb nad aisyalaM is

nakrihalem aggnihes miloken keyorp nawalem imed isatnorfnok naanaskalep

tubesret lah .”aisyalaM gnaynaG“ nayobmes tawel nakrabokid gnay arokiwD

isulover nagned nagnatnetreb paggnaid aisyalaM isaredeF anerak nakukalid

ialeS .aisenodnI asgnab n namumugnep ialinem aisenodnI hatniremep uti

)2 ,sitarkomed kadit )1 :lah agit raggnalem ini aisyalaM nakutnebmep


58

BBP isuloser nagned nagnatnetreb )3 ,alinaM TTK nagned nagnatnetreb

.isasinoloked ianegnem

.2 niam kadit aisenodnI helo arokiwD naparenep sesorP - .niam

4691 ieM 3 laggnat adaP .nakanaskalid suires nikames irah nikames isatnorfnoK

aguj gnay aisyalaM nagnaynaggneP odnamoK nakpacugnem onrakeoS nediserP

nanahatek tabehrep :amatreP ,isireb gnay taykaR odnamoK iwD nagned lanekid

audek ;aisenodnI isuloveR taykar renoisulover nagnaujrep utnab : - ,ayalaM taykar

nad irid nakakedremem kutnu ienurB nad kawareS ,habaS ,arupagniS

aisyalaM padahret nagnaynaggnep napaisreP .aisyalaM aragen nakrabubmem

iS odnamoK nasagunep nad nakutnebmep irad ialumiD .suires nikames aga

ek natakgnA( nawalerakuS aganeT napaisreP ,4691 ieM 61 laggnat adap arokiwD

)amiL iggnitep arap naped id onrakeoS nediserP helo iridnes nakiapmasid gnay

kahip irad artnok iaunem uti nawalerekus aganet nakutnebmep nasagaG .IRBA

aggnagnem IRBA ,)DA( IRBA aganet naktaafnamem kadneh gnay hal IKP p

gnay hal IKP gnamem anerak iridnes IKP nagnitnepek igab tubesret nawalerakus

iaunem nupikseM .onrakeoS adapek tubesret nasagag naklusugnem aynlawa

pat uti nasagag amirenem aguj IRBA aynrihka numan ,IRBA irad artnok nagned i

itahreb patet - nad naharegnep nagned tahilret nikames arokiwD naanaskaleP .itah

nagned gnusgnal nasatabreb gnay haread ek aisenodnI helo retilim isarepo

natnamilaK nasatabrep ek nakusap namirignep itrepes aynlasim aisyalaM isaredeF

anemeS nad aratU .ayalaM gnujn


68

.3 aisenodnI nagnubuh igab arokiwD aynrihal kapmaD - aisyalaM

kiab nakasarid tagnas gnamem amaL edrO nahatniremep rihkareb kajnemes

.aynfitagen nupuam fitisop

.a harajes halada naklubmitid gnay fitisop kapmad ,kitilop nagnubuh igaB

atnorfnok( arokiwD malad iridnesret narajalebmep utaus nakatpicnem halet )is

nakataynem gnay kokgnaB isaralkeD .kitilop nagnubuh agajnem kutnu“

atat ,nalidek itaatnem nagned lanoiger satilibats nad naiamadrep arahilemem

asgnab aratna nagnubuh malad mukuh - araggneT aisA asgnab atres

sasa adap huget gnagepreb - .”BBP magaiP sasa fitagen kapmad nakgnadeS

harajes irad kutnebret gnay satilavir aynada halada kitilop gnadib id

aynlasiM .ini taas kitilop nagnubuh halasam adap tujnalreb halet isatnorfnok

oteret satab nakolpacnep halasam gnay aisyalaM helo aisenodnI lair

aisenodnI kitilop nagnubuh gnagetrepmem - .aisyalaM

.b NAESA amasajrek aynrihal halai fitisop kapmad ,imonoke nagnubuh igaB

aisenodnI laretalib amasajrek naknikgnumem paggnaid gnay - araces aisyalaM

sevni aynkaynab aynlasiM .tare rot - mananem gnay aisyalaM irad rotsevni

nanubekrep adap aynhotnoc ,aisenodnI id mahas - id tiwas nanubekrep

naajrekep nagnapal akubmem tapad aggnihes natnamilaK nupuam aretamuS

ropske naidumeK .aisenodnI id - utnet aguj aragen audek aratna gnarab ropmi

irebmem fitagen kapmad nakgnadeS .aragen audek igab iridnesret nagnutnuek

aratna isatnorfnok iayaibmem kutnu gnatuh nahabmanep naklucnumem halai

.aragen audek igab iridnesret nabeb idajnem aggnihes ,tubesret aragen audek


78

.c itisop kapmad ,ayadub laisos nagnubuh igaB laisos iskaretni malad halai f

aratna iskaretni igab iridnesret narajalep irebmem utnet isatnorfnok

nakaes arokiwD harajeS .aisyalaM takaraysam nagned aisenodnI takaraysam

asar nad ,amron ,akite nakgnitnemem hibel kutnu ,takaraysam nakradaynem

hgnem gnilas gnisam ayadub iagra - aggnihes ,iskaretnireb malad aragen gnisam

kapmad nakgnadeS .ilabmek gnaluret kadit ada hanrep gnay kilfnok harajes

gnisam id kilbup inipo aynrihal halada ayadub laisos gnadib id fitagen - gnisam

ubesret isatnorfnok harajes gnatnet aragen naklucnumem tapad aggnihes t

gnadak aggnihes aragen audek id takaraysam aratna iridnesret satilavir - gnadak

.iskaretni sesorp irad urab kilfnok naklucnumem tapad

.A lisaH isaulavE

naiarU laoS

.1 anamiagaB ?onrakeoS helo arokiwd nakajibek aynrihal gnakaleb ratal

.2 taubmem gnay rotkaf aparebeb naktubeS kalonem onrakeoS nediserP

?aisyalaM isaredeF nakutnebmep

.3 napaK arokiwD nakajibek nad onrakeoS nediserP helo imser araces nakpacu id

aynisi naktubes ?

.4 helo )aisyalaM nagnaynagnep( arokiwD naparenep sesorp naksaleJ

!aisenodnI hatniremep

nabawaJ icnuK

.1 edi irad sapel kadit )arokiwD( taykaR odnamoK iwD aynrihal gnakeleb rataL

.aisyalaM isaredeF kutnebmem kutnu namhaR ludbA ukgneT nakutnebmeP

uti aisyalaM isaredeF keyorp utaus iagabes onrakeoS nediserP helo imahapid

nad emsilainolok oen haubes nakapurem paggna id anerak ,msilairepmi


88

uti lah aisenodnI igab aggnihes sirggnI lainoloK irad lasareb gnay nasagag

isenodnI asgnab isulover nagned nagnatnetreb .a

.2 rotkaF – tkaf : aynro

isaredeF aggnihes ,sirggnI miloken keyorp akapurem aisyalaM isaredeF

.sirggnI akenob aragen nakapurem aisyalaM

.aisenodnI asgnab isulover nagned nagnatnetreB

.sitarkomed kadit aynnakutnebmep sesorP

.allinaM TTK nagned nagnatnetreB

gned nagnatnetreb isasinoloked ianegnem BBP isuloser na .

.3 odnamoK nakpacugnem onrakeoS nediserP 4691 ieM 3 laggnat adap

aisyalaM nagnaynaggneP halada raseb sirag araces aynisi . tabehrep :amatreP

taykar renoisulover nagnaujrep utnab :audek ;aisenodnI isuloveR nanahatek -

taykar nakakedremem kutnu ienurB nad kawareS ,habaS ,arupagniS ,ayalaM

aisyalaM aragen nakrabubmem nad irid .

.4 esorP s : ayn

adap arokiwD agaiS odnamoK nasagunep nad nakutnebmep irad ialumiD

)amiL ek natakgnA( nawalerakuS aganeT napaisreP ,4691 ieM 61 laggnat

gnay iggnitep arap naped id onrakeoS nediserP helo iridnes nakiapmasid

haread ek aisenodnI helo retilim isarepo nad naharegnep adap iapmas ,IRBA

.aisyalaM isaredeF nagned gnusgnal nasatabreb gnay

.B sesorP( narajalebmeP isaulavE )

natamagneP rabmeL

nataigeK kirbuR isuksiD

oN awsiS amaN

natamagneP kepsA

halmuJ

rokS

ialiN

teK ajreK

amas

nakiapmayneM

tapadnep isnareloT

nafitkaeK

iagrahgneM

tapadnep

namet


98

: rokSnagnareteK

gnisaM - molokgnisam :airetirknagnedisiid

4 ilakeS kiaB =

3 kiaB =

2 pukuC =

1 gnaruK =

= ialiN roks ∑ nahelorep 001 X

lamiskam rokS

: ialinnagnareteK

08 = A - 001 ilakeSkiaB :

07 = B - 97 kiaB :

06 = C - 96 pukuC :

< = D 06 aruK : gn

isatnesreP naialineP kirbuR

oN amaN

iS aws

natamagneP kepsA

halmuJ

rokS

ialiN

teK akinumoK

is

akitametsiS

naiapmaynep nasawaW

arebeK

nain

saisutnA

ipmaneP

nal


09

: rokSnagnareteK

gnisaM - :airetirknagnedisiidmolokgnisam

4 kiaB = ilakeS

3 kiaB =

2 pukuC =

1 gnaruK =

= ialiN 001 X nahelorep roks ∑

lamiskam rokS

: ialin nagnareteK


07 = B - 97 kiaB :

06 = C - 96 pukuC :

< = D 06 gnaruK :

kirbuR fitkefA/pakiS naialineP BK malad M

.oN awsiSamaN kepsA natamagneP

lmuJ rokS ialiN .teK

amasajreK nareloT gnuggnaT

J bawa


19

: rokSnagnareteK

gnisaM - :airetirknagnedisiidmolokgnisam

.A amasajreK :

:4 rokS amasajrek pakis iggnit gnujnujnem ulaleS malad kopmolek utaus

urug helo nakirebid gnay sagut nakajregnem taas adap ajrek kiab

isawaid kadit nupuam urug helo isawaid akitek .

:3 rokS ayapureb ulaleS utaus malad amasajrek pakis nakkujnunem

utkaw adap ajrek kopmolek wagnep malad .urug nasa

2 rokS : k amasajrekeb uam aynah paggnaid gnay sagut tapadnem akite

,ajas hadum nad paggnaid sagut akitek amas ajrekeb uam kadit

.tilus

rokS :1 S it gnire akitek kopmolek malad amasajrekeb uam kad

.kopmolek sagut nakajregnem

.B nilpsiD :

:4 rokS mem utkaw adap narelot pakis nakkujnunem ulaleS nakireb

adnep atres ,naaynatrep bawajnem ,tap abedreb kiab isuksid malad t

.kadit nupuam urug nasawagnep malad

rokS :3 yapureb ulaleS adap narelot pakis nakkujnunem a utkaw

adap isuksidreb atres ,naaynatrep bawajnem ,tapadnep nakirebmem

g nasawanep malad taas .uru

2 rokS : B utkaw adap utnetret namet adap narelot gnaruk gnaruk kadnitre

.isuksidreb atres ,naaynatrep bawajnem ,tapadnep nakirebmem

rokS :1 B utkawadap akitek namet aumes adap narelot kadit kadnitre

atres ,naaynatrep bawajnem ,tapadnep nakirebmem .isuksidreb

.C bawaJ gnuggnaT ;

:4 rokS nad naradasek hunep nagned sagut nakanaskalem ulaleS

kiabret lisah kutnu lamiskam ayapu nakukalem

rokS :3 B nagned nad naradasek hunep nagned sagut nakanaskalem ayapure

kiab gnay lisah


29

2 rokS : M d alibapa sagut nakanaskale namacna/hirmap nagned atnimi

isknas

rokS :1 S sagut nakanaskalem kadit gnire

= ialiN roks ∑ nahelorep 001 X

lamiskam rokS

: ialinnagnareteK


07 = B - 97 kiaB :

06 = C - 96 pukuC :

< = D 06 gnaruK :

halakaM naialinep tamroF

halakaM rutkurtS ialiN

nauluhadneP : tapet nagned nakujnuneM gnakaleB rataL halasam nasumuR nasilunep naujuT

isI rabmag nahilimep natapeteK halakam satilanisirO salej nagned nususid nasilunep akigol/rutkurtS

iakapid gnay edotem iauses gnay asahaB DYE iauses iakapid tapad gnay akatsup ratfaD

nakbawajgnuggnatrepid ijakid muleb gnay )nuka( rebmus iradnihgneM

haimli araces

putuneP halasam nasumur nagned iauses nalupmiseK nasep isireb nad naijak nagned naveler naraS

dahret nailudepek natakgninep kutnu pa asaj saget araces inareb halet gnay nawalhap arap

aisenodnI aragen irid agrah nakgnaujrepmem

halmuJ


39

naialineP airetirK

iauses tagnaS 4 iauseS 3 pukuC 2 gnaruK 1

= ialiN 001 X nahelorep roks ∑

lamiskam rokS


plagiat merupakan tindakan tidak terpuji - core.ac.ukcore.ac.uk/download/pdf/157574761.pdf ·...

Documents