penyakit interna veteriner i (penyakit interna infeksius)

PROF.DR.PRATIWI TS, MSSEMESTER V

over view interna -1pts-2012

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PENYAKIT INTERNA VETERINER I(PENYAKIT INTERNA INFEKSIUS)

04/22/2023

Deskripsi


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• Membahas tentang penyakit sistemik interna yang bersifat infeksius, meliputi penyebab, gejala, aspek epidemiologis, penanggulangan dan pencegahan penyakt, cara penentuan diagnosis dan tindakan terapi pada berbagai spesies hewan

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Pokok pembahasan


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• Berdasar pada gejala klinis • Berdasar pada pathogenesis• Perubahan patologi organ• Perubahan kualitas cairan tubuh• Indikasi diagnosa penyakit infeksi• Pilihan tindakan medik

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Requirements for surveillance based on clinical case


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· Occurrence of clinical illness· Sufficient severity to seek medical care· Availability of medical care· Capability of physicians to diagnose illness· Laboratory support of diagnosis· Reporting of disease to Health Department

· Collection and analysis of data by Health Department04/22/2023

Synopsis (1)


5Infectious disease ( lemology,

communicable disease) is:

①A clinical medicine②A part of internal medicine

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Synopsis (2)


6Infectious disease ( lemology,

communicable disease) is:①To study the regularity of the

occurrence and development of infectious disease in human body

②To study etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical manifestation and the methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention for infectious disease.

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Synopsis (3)


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Infectious disease ( lemology, communicable disease) is:

① In order to control spread of infectious disease in population

② Infectious disease is related to biology, immunology, parasitological, epidemiology, pediatrics

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Synopsis (4)


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• Infectious disease is:① A group of common disease② Caused by different pathogens③ To possessing infectivity④ To form epidemic⑤ Infectious disease is a threat to the health of

people⑥ The pathogens causing infectious diseases are: virus, Chlamydia, rickettsia, mycoplasma,

spirochete, bacteria, fungus, protozoa and helminthes

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Infection and Immunity (1)


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Definition of infection① Complex process of interaction between

pathogen and human body② Infection is composed of three factors:

pathogen, host and environment ③ There are commensalisms and

opportunistic infection

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Manifestations of infectious process (Infection spectrum)

① Clearance of pathogen② Covert infection (subclinical infection)③ Overt infection (Clinical infection or apparent infection)④ Carrier state Health carrier after covert infection Convalescent carrier after overt infection Incubatory carrier before onset of diseases According to carrier time : acute (transient) carrier chronic carrier⑤ Latent infection

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The action of pathogen in infectious process

The pathogenicity of pathogen is related to :

Invasiveness virulent Number of pathogen Mutation (variability)

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Strategies for Surveillance of Infectious Diseases


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• Notifiable diseases – make it a statutory duty for physicians to notify the disease.

• Infectious agent isolation or serologic evidence reported through diagnostic laboratories

• Specific Epidemiological Studies e.g. hantavirus, hand foot and mouth disease surveillance

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Laboratory based


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· Scientific source of information

· Coherent and consistent information on trends of infection

· Qualitative detail information

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Removing the Source


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• Every pathogen has a reservoir, which may be in humans, animals or both. One may aim to remove the pathogen from the reservoir, or remove the reservoir completely.

• Human Reservoir– Isolating the patient– Curing the patient completely– Preventing infection in susceptible individuals by

vaccination

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Removing the Source


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• Animal Reservoir– Isolating/observing the animal e.g. rabid dog– Eradicate the animals involved e.g. slaughter

of rabid dog, vector control– Vaccinating the animals e.g. vaccination of

dogs and foxes. It is very difficult to vaccinate wild animals.

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Features of infectious disease


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Basic features Pathogen 9 kinds of pathogen Infectivity Epidemiological features Quality : exotic , local ,

endemicity Quantity : sporadic occurrence,

epidemic, pandemic, outbreak, endemicity, seasonal

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Basic featuresPost infection immunity Viral infection: life-long

immunity Bacteria infection: shorter immunity Helminthes infection: no protective immunity Protozoa infection: shorter immunity

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Clinical features Regularity in the development of cource Incubation period : diagnosis , qurantine

period Prodromal period Period of apparent manifestation Convalescent period Relapse Recrudescence

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Common symptoms and signs (1)


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• Fever: Three stages : effervescence fastigium deffervescence Five kinds of fever: sustained fever, remittent fever, intermittent fever, relapsing fever, saddle type fever. And irregular fever

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Rash eruption Date of eruption 1st: chickenpox 2nd: scarlet fever 3rd: smallpox 4th: measles 5th: typhus 6th:typhoid fever Location of eruption Form of rash Exanthema :maculo-papular rash Petechia Vesiculo-pustular rash Ureicaria Enanthema

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• Toxemic symptoms• Mononuclear phagocyte system reactions Hepato-splenomegale Lymphonodus enlarged• Clinical types acute, subacute, mild, common, severe, fulminant, typical, atypical, abortive, ambulatory

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Diagnosis of infectious diseases


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• Epidemiological dates• Clinical features Symptoms and signs• Laboratory findings Routine examination of blood, urine, feces Bio-chemical examinations Etiological examinations Direct exam Isolation of pathogen Molecular biological examinations Immunological examinations Endoscope examinations Image examinations

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Treatment of infectious disease


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• General and supporting therapy Isolation of patients, rest, diet,

nursing• Pathogen or specific therapy• Symptomatic therapy• Rehabilitation Physiotherapy acupuncture • Traditional medicine

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Prevention of infectious disease


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• Management of source of infection 35 kinds of notifiable infectious disease divided into

3 class First class: 2 kinds. Reported 6h in city, 12h in country. Second class: 24 kinds. reported 12h in city and country Third class: 9 kind

• Cut off of route Personal hygiene, public hygiene, insecticide,

disinfection• Protect susceptible population Actibe immunization Passive immunization

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04/22/2023over view interna -1pts-2012

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Beberapa contoh penyakit

Respiratory Problems


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Respiratory complex: pasteurella sp., mycoplasma, chlamydia, Parainfluenza type 3 virus, etc.

Pasteurella sp. most common agent.

Characterized by high fever (106-108°F)

May result in lung abscesses at slaughter.

Poor ventilation is a leading cause of respiratory problems.

Treat with antibiotics

Other causes: OPP, lungworms, nasal bots, ketosis, acidosis

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Urinary CalculiWater belly, urolithiasis, calculosis, kidney stones


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• Proper ration balancing– Ca:P ratio should be at least 2:1.– Legumes are a good source of

calcium.– Cereal grains have a poor ratio of

Ca:P.– Commercial feeds are balanced for

Ca and P.• Do not add anything to balanced

rations.– Ground limestone can be added to

the ration as a source of calcium.– Free choice minerals do not ensure

proper intake of minerals.– Adequate water intake important– Salt in ration

(0.5% ammonium chloride in diet)

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Soremouthcontagious ecthyma, contagious pustular

dermatitis, scabby mouth, orf


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• Most common skin disease of sheep and goats.

• Caused by a virus from the pox family.

• Causes lesions on mouth, lips, nostrils (teats, scrotum).

• Problematic during lambing/ kidding season and if you show/exhibit.

• Normally runs its course in 1 to 4 weeks.

• Very contagious, including to people (orf).

• There is a live vaccine for it. (don’t vaccinate if you’ve never had it). 04/22/2023

ScrapieGoal is to eradicate by 2010 and for U.S. to be

declared scrapie-free by 2017


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• Fatal disease affecting the central nervous system of sheep and goats.

• Neurological symptoms:– Intense itching– Behavior changes – Lack of coordination– Gait abnormalities– Tremors

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ScrapieGoal is to eradicate by 2010 and for U.S. to be

declared scrapie-free by 2017


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Transmitted via infected placenta.– Males not considered to be

a risk.– Can be spread by infected

feed. – Contact/environmental

transmission ???

Clinical signs appear 2 to 5 years (or later) after the animal has been infected.

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S A M PA I PA D A D E TA I L S U B S TA N S I , S E L A M A S AT U S E M E S T E R .

SEMESTER ENAM

PENYAKIT INTERNAL NON INFEKSIUS DAN GENETIK

PENYAKIT INTERNA

PATOLOGI KLINIK

DIAGNOSA KLINIK


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Selamat belajar 04/22/2023

penyakit interna veteriner i (penyakit interna infeksius)

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