kuliah otot dan tendon 2013 kelas a n b

8/12/2019 Kuliah Otot Dan Tendon 2013 Kelas a n b

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Sistema Otot dan Tendon

TIK:-dapat mendiagnosa secara

morfologik perubahan pada ototdan tendon.

-mampu menyebutkan contoh2

penyakit penting yangmenimbulkan lesi khas pada otot

dan tendon.



Untuk diagnosis morfologik

Interpretasi Proses

Radang NonRadang



Sifat: supuratif/purulen, granulomatosa,pyogranulomatosa, kaseosa, ulseratif, fibrinosa, fibrosa,nekrotikan, edematosaDurasi:

akut vs. kronik (opsi lain seperti perakut (sangatawal) & subakut (antara akut & kronik)Distribusi: difusa, fokal, multifokal, miliary , segmental,disseminasi, localKeparahan: minimal, ringan (mild ), sedang (moderate),berat (severe). Dalam konteks kuliah ini, kita hanya pakairingan & BeratLokasi: cranioventral, kanan/kiri, proksimal, distal,bilateral, unilateral, sentral, peripheral



Introduction

PENDAHULUAN

SERABUT OTOT

1. SARKOLEMAmembrane that covers

smooth, striated, andcardiac muscle fibers

2. SARKOPLASMAis the cytoplasm of amuscle fibre

3. INTI



Three types

1. Skeletal muscle or "voluntary muscle" is anchored bytendons to bone.

2. Smooth muscle or "involuntary muscle" is found

within the walls of organs and structures such as the

esophagus, stomach, intestines, bronchi, uterus, urethra,bladder , and blood vessels,.

3. Cardiac muscle is also an "involuntary muscle"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_muscle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendons

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_muscle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_muscle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendons

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_muscle



REAKSI UMUM

• ATROFI

•

HIPERTROFI• DEGENERASI

• NEKROSIS

• RADANG

• Rigor mortis



Specific diseases

• Tetanus

• Gas gangrene

•

Myoglobinuria• White muscle disease



Clostridia

Menghasilkan toksin:

Alpha, beta, epsilon, iota

Toksin tsb menyebabkan

kerusakan lokal maupunsistemik pada otot



Mekanisme

• Vasokonstriksi

• Meningkatkan

permeabilitas vascular• Hemolisis

•Nekrosis jaringan



TETANUS

• C. tetani is an anaerobic bacterium, it will

thrive in an environment that lacks oxygen .

• It is found in animal feces (which is rather

abundant in a stable).

• and the puncture wound effectively create

an ideal breeding ground for the bacteria

(because of the lack of oxygen)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen



Gejala Klinis

• Spasmus otot rahang...lockjaw

• Kesulitan menelan

• Kekakuan otot di seluruh tubuh

• Gejala muncul akibat bakteri

menghasilkan neurotoxin tetanospasmin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanospasmin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanospasmin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin



Gas gangrene

• Myositis nekrotikan.

• Disebabkan oleh Clostridium

species.• Gejala khas; myonecrosis secara

cepat, terbentuk gas serta sepsis.



Gas gangrene

.Dua tipe

• Traumatik

• SpontanEksotoksin menghidrolisis

membran sel sehingga

terjadi nekrosis otot

• Traumatik

• Akibat

inokulasi

langsungbakteri pada

luka yang

anaerob.• 80-85%

Clostridium

perfringens



Spontan gas gangrene

• Penyebaran bakteri secaraspontan scr hematogen darimukosa GIT.

• Bakteri masuk pembuluh darahlewat luka kecil di mukosa GiT

• Clostridium septicum

Note. Bakteri ini dapat menginfeksi

jaringan normal.



White muscle disease

• Striated and cardiac muscle

• Sudden death if occur in cardiac muscle

•

Calf,lamb and chicken• Causa;Vit E (a tocopherol)deficiency



MYOGLOBINURIA

• The presence of myoglobin in urine

(Myoglobin as a reserve of O2,in muscle)

•

Associated with muscle destruction• Very populer in horse in Europe after

resting time

•

Other causa;trauma,vascularproblem,venom



Azoturia

• Paralytic myoglobinuria

• Black water Disease,

•

Rhabdomyolysis• Monday Morning disease

• Tying Up Syndrome,



Azoturia

• Traditionally Azoturia was known as

"Monday Morning Disease" as it would

occur in working horses following a day's

rest on Sunday.

• Azoturia is also known as "tying up" -

especially in racing circles.



She assesses the horse – and quickly

diagnoses azoturia



Signs of Death:

Pallor mortis

Algor mortis

Rigor mortis

Livor mortis

Decomposition



Pallor mortis

• Pallor = kepucatan

• 15 –120 minutes after the death

•

because of a lack of capillary circulationthroughout the body.

• Paleness develops so rapidly after death

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body




Algor mortis

• algor —coolness; mortis—of death) is the

reduction in body temperature following

death.

• although external factors can have a

significant influence.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death




Rigor mortis

• Rigor mor t is is one of the recognizable

signs of death (Latin mors, mortis) that is

caused by a chemical change in the

muscles after death, causing the limbs ofthe corpse to become stiff (Latin rigor ) and

difficult to move or manipulate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_body



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_body


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle




Livor mortis

• Livor = bluish color, mortis—of death)

• is a settling of the blood in the lower (dependent)portion of the body, causing a purplish reddiscoloration of the skin: when the heart is nolonger agitating the blood, heavy red blood cellssink through the serum by action of gravity. Thisdiscoloration does not occur in the areas of thebody that are in contact with the ground or

another object, as the capillaries arecompressed

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood



Tendon

Imflamasi dan

Traumatik

• Tendonitis (alsotenonitis or tendinitis) isan inflammation of atendon.

• Achilles tendonitisis acommon injury,

particularly in sports that

involve lunging and

jumping.• A veterinary equivalent to

Achilles tendonitis

common in racing horse.



Tendon

Traumatik

• Chronic overuse of

tendons leads tomicroscopic tears withinthe collagen matrix, whichgradually weakens thetissue.

• .

• Swelling in a region of

microdamage or partial

tear can be detected

visually or by palpation• Increased water content

and disorganised

collagen matrix in tendon

lesions may be detectedby ultrasonography or

magnetic resonance

imaging.

kuliah otot dan tendon 2013 kelas a n b

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