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Sistema Otot dan Tendon
TIK:-dapat mendiagnosa secara
morfologik perubahan pada ototdan tendon.
-mampu menyebutkan contoh2
penyakit penting yangmenimbulkan lesi khas pada otot
dan tendon.
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Untuk diagnosis morfologik
Interpretasi Proses
Radang NonRadang
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Sifat: supuratif/purulen, granulomatosa,pyogranulomatosa, kaseosa, ulseratif, fibrinosa, fibrosa,nekrotikan, edematosaDurasi:
akut vs. kronik (opsi lain seperti perakut (sangatawal) & subakut (antara akut & kronik)Distribusi: difusa, fokal, multifokal, miliary , segmental,disseminasi, localKeparahan: minimal, ringan (mild ), sedang (moderate),berat (severe). Dalam konteks kuliah ini, kita hanya pakairingan & BeratLokasi: cranioventral, kanan/kiri, proksimal, distal,bilateral, unilateral, sentral, peripheral
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Introduction
PENDAHULUAN
SERABUT OTOT
1. SARKOLEMAmembrane that covers
smooth, striated, andcardiac muscle fibers
2. SARKOPLASMAis the cytoplasm of amuscle fibre
3. INTI
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Three types
1. Skeletal muscle or "voluntary muscle" is anchored bytendons to bone.
2. Smooth muscle or "involuntary muscle" is found
within the walls of organs and structures such as the
esophagus, stomach, intestines, bronchi, uterus, urethra,bladder , and blood vessels,.
3. Cardiac muscle is also an "involuntary muscle"
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REAKSI UMUM
• ATROFI
•
HIPERTROFI• DEGENERASI
• NEKROSIS
• RADANG
• Rigor mortis
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Specific diseases
• Tetanus
• Gas gangrene
•
Myoglobinuria• White muscle disease
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Clostridia
Menghasilkan toksin:
Alpha, beta, epsilon, iota
Toksin tsb menyebabkan
kerusakan lokal maupunsistemik pada otot
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Mekanisme
• Vasokonstriksi
• Meningkatkan
permeabilitas vascular• Hemolisis
•Nekrosis jaringan
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TETANUS
• C. tetani is an anaerobic bacterium, it will
thrive in an environment that lacks oxygen .
• It is found in animal feces (which is rather
abundant in a stable).
• and the puncture wound effectively create
an ideal breeding ground for the bacteria
(because of the lack of oxygen)
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Gejala Klinis
• Spasmus otot rahang...lockjaw
• Kesulitan menelan
• Kekakuan otot di seluruh tubuh
• Gejala muncul akibat bakteri
menghasilkan neurotoxin tetanospasmin
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Gas gangrene
• Myositis nekrotikan.
• Disebabkan oleh Clostridium
species.• Gejala khas; myonecrosis secara
cepat, terbentuk gas serta sepsis.
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Gas gangrene
.Dua tipe
• Traumatik
• SpontanEksotoksin menghidrolisis
membran sel sehingga
terjadi nekrosis otot
• Traumatik
• Akibat
inokulasi
langsungbakteri pada
luka yang
anaerob.• 80-85%
Clostridium
perfringens
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Spontan gas gangrene
• Penyebaran bakteri secaraspontan scr hematogen darimukosa GIT.
• Bakteri masuk pembuluh darahlewat luka kecil di mukosa GiT
• Clostridium septicum
Note. Bakteri ini dapat menginfeksi
jaringan normal.
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White muscle disease
• Striated and cardiac muscle
• Sudden death if occur in cardiac muscle
•
Calf,lamb and chicken• Causa;Vit E (a tocopherol)deficiency
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MYOGLOBINURIA
• The presence of myoglobin in urine
(Myoglobin as a reserve of O2,in muscle)
•
Associated with muscle destruction• Very populer in horse in Europe after
resting time
•
Other causa;trauma,vascularproblem,venom
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Azoturia
• Paralytic myoglobinuria
• Black water Disease,
•
Rhabdomyolysis• Monday Morning disease
• Tying Up Syndrome,
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Azoturia
• Traditionally Azoturia was known as
"Monday Morning Disease" as it would
occur in working horses following a day's
rest on Sunday.
• Azoturia is also known as "tying up" -
especially in racing circles.
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She assesses the horse – and quickly
diagnoses azoturia
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Signs of Death:
Pallor mortis
Algor mortis
Rigor mortis
Livor mortis
Decomposition
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Pallor mortis
• Pallor = kepucatan
• 15 –120 minutes after the death
•
because of a lack of capillary circulationthroughout the body.
• Paleness develops so rapidly after death
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Algor mortis
• algor —coolness; mortis—of death) is the
reduction in body temperature following
death.
• although external factors can have a
significant influence.
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Rigor mortis
• Rigor mor t is is one of the recognizable
signs of death (Latin mors, mortis) that is
caused by a chemical change in the
muscles after death, causing the limbs ofthe corpse to become stiff (Latin rigor ) and
difficult to move or manipulate
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Livor mortis
• Livor = bluish color, mortis—of death)
• is a settling of the blood in the lower (dependent)portion of the body, causing a purplish reddiscoloration of the skin: when the heart is nolonger agitating the blood, heavy red blood cellssink through the serum by action of gravity. Thisdiscoloration does not occur in the areas of thebody that are in contact with the ground or
another object, as the capillaries arecompressed
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Tendon
Imflamasi dan
Traumatik
• Tendonitis (alsotenonitis or tendinitis) isan inflammation of atendon.
• Achilles tendonitisis acommon injury,
particularly in sports that
involve lunging and
jumping.• A veterinary equivalent to
Achilles tendonitis
common in racing horse.
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Tendon
Traumatik
• Chronic overuse of
tendons leads tomicroscopic tears withinthe collagen matrix, whichgradually weakens thetissue.
• .
• Swelling in a region of
microdamage or partial
tear can be detected
visually or by palpation• Increased water content
and disorganised
collagen matrix in tendon
lesions may be detectedby ultrasonography or
magnetic resonance
imaging.